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4.7 Compound Interest 1 February 05, 2009 Feb 53:46 PM 4.7 Compound Interest Objective: Determine the future value of a lump sum of money.

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Page 1: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

1

February 05, 2009

Feb 5­3:46 PM

4.7 Compound Interest

Objective:  Determine the future value of a lump sum of money.

Page 2: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

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Simple Interest Formula:

I = PrtInterest

Principal

time in years

interest rate

Page 3: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

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A credit union pays interest of 8% per annum compounded quarterly on a savings account.  If $1,000 is deposited and the interest is left to accumulate, how much is in the account after 1 year?

I = Prt

I = ($1000)(0.08)(   )14I = $20

Page 4: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

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At the end of one quarter, we have earned $20 in interest.My principal is now $1020.  So at the end of the second quarter, how much do I earn?

I = ($1020)(0.08)(   )14

I = $20.40

Adding that interest to the money in my account, I now have $1040.40 ­ 6 months into the year.

Page 5: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

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At the end of the third quarter, how much do I have?

I = ($1040.40)(0.08)(   )14

I = $20.81

This brings my principal to $1,061.21.

Page 6: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

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At the end of the fourth quarter, or at the end of the year what do I have?

I = ($1061.21)(0.08)(   )14

I = $21.22

This brings the total in my bank account to $1,082.43 just by collecting interest.

Page 7: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

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This process can be very lengthy especially if the interest were being compounded daily.  This leads to a more general formula for calculating interest that is compounded.

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

Compounded interest formula:

Page 8: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

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annually:  once per yearsemiannually:  twice per yearquarterly:  four times per yearmonthly:  12 times per yeardaily:  365 times per year

Compounded interest is interest that is paid on principal and previously earned interest.  Common forms of compounding are:

Page 9: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

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Lets compare investments using different compounding periods.

Find the resulting amount of an investment of $3000 when it is compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly and daily at a rate of 4% for a period of 3 years.

A = (3000)(1 +        )0.041

(1  3)

A = (3000)(1 + 0.04)3

A = (3000)(1.04)3

A = $3,374.59

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

Page 10: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

10

February 05, 2009

Feb 5­3:46 PM

Lets compare investments using different compounding periods.

Find the resulting amount of an investment of $3000 when it is compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly and daily at a rate of 4% for a period of 3 years.

A = (3000)(1 +        )0.042

(2  3)

A = (3000)(1 + 0.02)6

A = (3000)(1.02)6

A = $3,378.49

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

Page 11: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

11

February 05, 2009

Feb 5­3:46 PM

Lets compare investments using different compounding periods.

Find the resulting amount of an investment of $3000 when it is compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly and daily at a rate of 4% for a period of 3 years.

A = (3000)(1 +        )0.044

(4  3)

A = (3000)(1 + 0.01)12

A = (3000)(1.01)12

A = $3,380.48

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

Page 12: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

12

February 05, 2009

Feb 5­3:46 PM

Lets compare investments using different compounding periods.

Find the resulting amount of an investment of $3000 when it is compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly and daily at a rate of 4% for a period of 3 years.

A = (3000)(1 +        )0.0412

(12  3)

A = (3000)(1 + 0.0033333333)

A = (3000)(1.0033333333)

A = $3,381.82

36

36

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

Page 13: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

13

February 05, 2009

Feb 5­3:46 PM

Lets compare investments using different compounding periods.

Find the resulting amount of an investment of $3000 when it is compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly and daily at a rate of 4% for a period of 3 years.

A = (3000)(1 +        )0.04365

(365  3)

A = (3000)(1 + 0.0001095890411)1095

A = (3000)(1.0001095890411)

A = $3,382.47

1095

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

Page 14: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

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Compounding Interest Continuously:A = Pert

A = (3000)e (0.04  3)A = Pert

A = (3000)e 0.12

A = $3,382.49

What if the investment is compounded more often than daily?

Find the resulting amount of an investment of $3000 when it is compounded continuously at a rate of 4% for a period of 3 years.

Page 15: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

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February 05, 2009

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How much principle is needed now to have $4000 after 2 years at 6% compounded quarterly?

4000 = P(1 +        )0.064

(4  2)

4000 = P(1 + 0.015)8

4000 = P(1.015)8

P = $3,550.84

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

4000 = P(1.126492587)

Page 16: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

4.7 Compound Interest 

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How long will it take for an investment $250 to reach $675 in value if it earns 9% compounded monthly?

A = P(1 +    )ntr

n n = the number of compounds per year

675 = (250)(1 +        )0.0912

(12  t)

675 = (250)(1 + 0.0075)

675 = (250)(1.0075)

2.7 = (1.0075)

12t

12t

log 1.00752.7 = 12t

= 12tlog 2.7

log 1.0075

132.9295772 = 12t

t ≈ 11.08 years

12t

Page 17: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

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How long will it take for an investment to double in value if it earns 5% compounded continuously?

A = Pert

2P = Pe 0.05t

2 = e0.05t

ln 2 = ln e0.05t

ln 2 = 0.05t ln e

ln 2 = 0.05t

t = 13.86 years

Page 18: 4.7 Compound Interest - Poudre School Districtstaffweb.psdschools.org/kemotich/Mrs_Motichka/Precalculus...4.7 Compound Interest 3 February 05, 2009 Feb 5 3:46 PM A credit union pays

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page 322(4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 

18, 19, 28, 32, 36, 37, 48)

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