CHAPTER 9. 1. . . , , , , , , . . . . .

.C A B A B -

+

(1). ( )

C

A-A

B-B Y

A-A ,B-B Y

2. BEAD 1/4 . (1). _C - C +

(2). . .

4 -1

(3). PIPED

+

_-

. (HOOP STRESS) . 3. : , , . : X . { (, , )} { (, , )}

4. .1). () BEAD .

2). . . , , , .

3). . , CRACK, UNDER CUT, SLAG NOTCH .

4). . (SCC). , , , . SCC : AL , MG , , 300 SUS , * SEASON CRACK : . CU-40% ZN .

4 -2

* : *: * CORROSION: * : .

****** .1.

2 2 1 3 2 1 1

3

3

A.

B. I

2

1 1 2

3 1 3

2 3

C.

D.

(1). I I . ( A) (2). 1,2,3 1 2 3 1 1 , 3 2 (3). 1 (B) 1 2 3 . ( C) (4). 2 3 1 . ( D) 2. (1). ( )

4 -3

Y

+

-

X

X - Y C A B A B -

X

+

+

(1). ( )

C

A-A *

B-B Y

A-A ,B-B Y

. . , . . . . (1). (2). (3). POSITIONER, JIG (4). .

****** .1. . . .

. . .

4 -4

2. .1). . . , , . . 2. . , CRACK, UNDER CUT, SLAG NOTCH . 3. . (SCC). , , , . SCC : AL , MG , , 300 SUS ,

****** ( ). ( STRESS RELIEF ANNEALING) 650C

400C 300C

A B C D E

A. (FURNACE TEMPERATURE) 300C B. R = 200 25/ T (C / HR) { R : 1 T : ) C, C. ( 25MM 1HR ) D. R = 275 25/ T (C / HR ) {R : 1 } C E. ( ) 620C 200 X 25/T (C / HR ) 25MM/ HR 275 X 25 / T 400C . 2). ANNEALING 250MM 12 ,. ( ANNEALING ) * (25MM 1HR) 600C : 1HR 570C : 2HR

4 -5

540 C: 3HR 510C : 4HR ( 600C 10C 20 .) 3). . 200C . . 150MM

150MM 4). .( MECHANICAL STRESS RELIVING ) . 5). PEENING COLD PEENING : . HOT PEENING : ( 1 ) 6). . .

******. 40MM , ANNEALING . 1. . 650C

400C 300C

A B C D E

250MM 12 ,. A. (FURNACE TEMPERATURE) 300C B. R = 200

25/T (C / HR) 200 25/ 40 = 125C

{ R: 1 T: ) C,

= (650C - 400 ) / 125 C / HR = 2HR 4 -6

C. ( 25MM 1HR ) : 40 600C : 1HR 570C : 2HR 540 C: 3HR

/ 25MM = 1.6HR

510C : 4HR ( 600C 10C 20 .) D. R = 275 25/ T (C / HR ) = 275 25 / 40 = 170C {R : 1 } C

: (650 -400 ) / 170C /HR = 1.5HRE. ( ) 2. (%) ?

30% 40 50 60 90 80 90 100 ****** 350 400 500 550 600 650 700C 1., , , , , , , ANNEALING (C) 1: 1HR 2 : 4HR 3 : 8HR , CREEP . 90% .

.

( ) 4 -7

2. . . V , X . 3. . . = Kxm e -nx X = I / H VH X 10-3 . ( I : , V: , H : ) ( () ) pm = 0.197L L: V 5 - 30MM, 4. 1). . . V : . . X : 2 3 . 7 : 3 . . FILLET : T . 5. . . (ARC , , , ) . . . . . . . . . . X 16 - 22MM.

em .1. . . . . . 2.

4 -8

( ) 3. . . : V X . . ROOT : . . : . . : . . : STRAIGHT BEAD . . : . . : . . PEENING : PEENING . 4. . : , , PEENING . ( ) : , .

*. : . . *. : . 500-600C , 250-300C . 5. . 1).. 2). . 3). . . : . ( ) . , , : . 4). . . . . . . .

4 -9

em .1. . 1). . . . A. , B. , 4 C. , D. . 1 4 4 3 2 1 2 . 3 . 2 1 1 3 . 2 5 3 .

2). . A. BUILD-UP METHOD. B. CASCADE METHOD. BLOCK METHOD. 2. . . . . 3. . 50-150C . 4. . . 5. (GROOVE) . . . V : JIG . . X : . 6:4 -7:3 . 6. ROOT : . 7. : SAW SMAW 1 / 3 . 8. : . 9. : .

CHAPTER 10. 1. . 1). I, V, U, J, X, K, H, J . I ; 6MM

4 -10

V : 6-20MM X , U , H : 20MM , . H ; ROOT GAP . . , , I ,V , X . . , T , , .

T < 2MM

T G 60-70 R G T

I

T < 4-82MM

T < 4 - 82MM R = 3 V T < 4 - 82MM

R 10 R 6 G 60-70 G T

U

G=3-6

R = 1.6 T < 4 - 82MM X G = 3 - 6 R = 1.6

5 50

G

S

45

T : G=3MM,G=3MM

F ,

A R L-P T , ,

S

(N)

4 -11

&

****** , ( LBB ) . (GUILLOTINE BREAK) . (METAL HAND ) 2. 1). 1 . 1/3--1/4 . * 1). (, , , ) 2). . 3). ( , , , , , ) 4). , (, , , ) . * : %, * 2 . 1). . 2). . 1/ 4 , 1/2 . 1/3 40% . . 3. . 1). . . . . . . . .

4 -12

. . . . . . 2). . ( MIG ) 1). . , . , . , , , , , . 2). 2-1) SPATTER . X + ( + )(SPATTER, ) = . WIRE . = X X * = / (SMAW ) % . SMAW : 55% . GMAW, GTAW : 98% . CO2 : 75- 85% *** = / (%) *** (W/M) = (W/KG) X (KG/M) 2-2). . : GAS FLOW RATE (L/ MIN) X ARC TIME. GAS FLOW RATE = 15 - 25 L/ MIN. 2-3). . * = / (%) * (W / MAN) = (W/H) X (KG/M) / (G/H) X (%) 2-4). .(OVER HEAD COST) OVER HEAD COST , , * = ( W / KWH) X (V) X (A) X (KG/H) 1000 X (KG/H) X * = (W/H) X (KG/H) (KG/H) X 2-5). . . : , . . ( EQUIVALENT ) . . : X / 5 X 250 X 8HR X 60MIN . . . .

4 -13

4. . 1). . . . . . . . . HAZ . . . 2). . . : , . . , , . . . . STIFFNER . . . . .

CHAPTER 11. .1. . 1). . . . A. , B. , C. , D. . 2). . A. BUILD-UP METHOD. B. CASCADE METHOD. BLOCK METHOD. 2. . . . . 3. . 50-150C . 4. . . 5. (GROOVE) . . . V : JIG . . X : . 6:4 -7:3 . 6. ROOT : . 7. : SAW SMAW 1 / 3 . 8. : .

4 -14

9. : . 2. WELDING SEQUENCE. . . . . . . . . . FILLET . . . . . . . . BACK STEP WELDING .

****** SMAW BUTTERING . , . CR-NI E309 , 316, 308 MARTENSITE 310 AUSTENITE . INCONEL .

****** WPS .1. PWPS -- PQT-- PQR -- WPS -- . 2. WPS . P.Q.T . P.Q.T . 3. P.Q.T. WPS TEST . , , , TEST , TEST PQR . F-NO ESSENTIAL CODE / P-NO 4. WPS . NONESSENTIAL QW-422 CUSTOMER QW-422 ( , , VARIABLE , , ) (, , , , ) CODE FORMAT . / . SEC`IX WPS CODE . ,FLUX , 4 -15 SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL A-NO QW-422. WPS PQR . , PWHT (QW-250~280)

CLEANING

*** ( ESSENTIAL VARIABLES)1. VARIABLE . 1). ESSENTIAL VARIABLES. WPS . 2). SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL VARIABLES. WPS . 3).NON ESSENTIAL VARIABLES. WPS WPS . 2. . CODE SMAW ASME . . . . (A-NO). . . . P-NO . . 56 . . . . PWHT . 5.WPS . WPS , , . 6. WPS (ASME)

4 -16

1). WPS NO : WPS . 2). PQR NO : PQR NO . 3) : PAW, ESW, GTAW, SAW. GMAW. SMAW, EBW 4). TYPE : , . 5). : WPS . . SPEC` . P-NO : PQT , , . . GR-NO : P-NO TEST . . A-NO : . . S-NO : ANSI B.31 PRESSURE PIPING . . : , , , . . : , . . , . . : CLEANING, GOUGING, . . . . . . : ,,, ,, . 2. . 1). , , SPATTER SLAG , FUME , . 2).. . : , CABLE , , . . : , . . CABLE . 3). ARC . : . : 6-7: 30A, 8-9: 30-100A, 10-12:100-300A, 13-14:300A . . 4). FUME . . : , , , , . : MASK , . 3. . 1). . 1-1). . . . . . . . 1-2). JIG . ., . . .

4 -17

. . . . 1-3 . . , , 1.4. . . . 250-300 1-2 80 1-5 . 1-6 : , , . 2). : .

CHAPTER 12. SMAW1. . 1. 1). : , , , , WELDING PROSEDURE TEST, . . : . , , JIG . . : SIZE, , . . : , , LAMINATION , . . : , ROOT , , FIT - UP JIG , . . WELDING PROCEDURE TEST : WPS PQT . . : (WQT) . 2). : . , . . PASS BEAD , , , SLAG . . , , , , , . . WPS . . WPS . 3). : , , , , . 2. . 1). . : : , , , , , , , , CREEP. : , ,

4 -18

: , . : : , (, , ACOUSTIC EMISSION) , , , , , , , , . 2). : , ( ), . : , , , , UNDER CUT, , . : : , , , ,, , CREEP . : , . 3). . : , , , . . : , , SLAG , , , UNDERCUT, , . RT, UT, ET, UT, PT , , MACRO , , MT, , . : , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . 4). : TOE CRACK, UNDERCUT, SULFUR BEND, ROOT CRACK, UNDER BEAD , OVER LAP, , , CRATER CRACK.

SLAG UNDER CUT TOE CRACK

ROOT CRACK

SULFUR

UNDER BEAD

ROOT CRACK

CRATER CRACK 4 -19

3. . : : , , , , . : , , . :, ,, , , . : : , : . : , , , , , , ESSO, , . : , , T , , , IIW . : CTS ,, , ,, . 1). . (1) : .

Yu Yl X

= P / A, = L /L , = L` - L0 / L *100 = L /L * 100 (%)

L (2) : . L` - L0 / L *100 (3) : A(MM) . . BRINELL, VICKERS, SHORE, ROCKWELL . (2) : .

4 -20

10 8 10

55

55 5 2M M E

10 10

2

L 45 1 charpy . W H

E = (KG-M) = WL ( C02 2 - COS 1) key-hole charpy = E/A( KGM / CM2) .

W (5). : - 2 * 106 . 2). , . , , . . . , , , , . SUS . ** SUS , HUEY -- 65 % HNO3, 5 - 48HR STRAUSS - ABORN, HNO3 - HF, H3PO4 3). . . (, , ) . , SLAG , MACRO CRACK . . . . . (1) . , , SLAG , , . . (2) . (POLISHING) ETCHING , , .

4 -21

****** SULFUR PRINT : 2% . . (3) ETCHING 50 - 200 . 3). (1) NOTCH () NOTCH CHARPY , , , , , , ESSO , . . NOTCH .

45

10 8 10

55

55 5

10 10

45 V NOTCH (IZOD TEST KEY HOLE) , , CHARPY . . (2) ( SCHNADT TEST) 55MM 3MM

9.5MM

10MM CHARPY ( )

4 -22

. . . . NOTCH . (1) (TIPPER TEST) 12

0.25R

1

1.25

V NOTCH . . (2) (VANDER VEEN TEST) 210

3MM 45 200mm VANER VEAN TEST

70mm

6MM 32MM( ) . (3) (KAHN TEAR TEST) KAHN TEAR TEST (NAVY TERR TEST) . .

1.6mm 25mm 75mm 1R 32mm 125mm KAHN TEAR TEST 19mm

20mm

4 -23

(4 ) ( ROBERTSON TEST)

0.5, 5MM BOLT

500KG

500KG NOTCH . (5) ESSO (SOD ) . ESSO . 2). . (KOMMEERALL TEST : ) BEAD ROLLER .

5T 150(T35)

D = 3T D =100 6T

350(T=25) 500(T=50) (2) (KINZEL TEST)

200mm

75mm 45 VANER VEAN TEST MILLING KIN ZEL TEST 150m m

4 -24

(3) IIW BEAD -ON PLATE BOND . , 24 4V, ARC 170 10A, 150 10MM / MIN . 350

120 (4) T (TEE BEND TEST)

0.5mm

, , 0.8MM .

P

3). . T . SLIT TYPE CRACKING TEST . U - GROOVE CRACKING TEST . LEHIGH RESTRAINT TYPE CRACKING TEST . IMPLANT TEST . VARESTRAINT TEST . BAHELLE UNDER BEAD CRACKING TEST

(1). (SLIT TYPE CRACKING TEST) Y GROOVE 1 BEAD . 330 SLIT ROOT .

150 50 80 50 80 50

5 60 4 -25 2

BEAD

2). U (U-GROOVE CRACKING TEST) BOILER .

12 HOLE 150 60 80 60

3). (LEHIGH RESTRAINT CRACKING TEST) BEAD . SLIT BEAD

x .12 11/4 1/2 HOLE 8 1/2 1/16 1/4 1.5 1 1/2 1/4

4).BATTELLE UNDER BEAD CRACKING TEST BEAD BEAD 24 . BEAD (%) . 5 .

4 -26

11/4 2

3

5). (IMPLANT TEST)

2 BATTELLE UNDER BEAD CRACKING TEST NOTCH BEAD BEAD-ON-PLATE . CYCLE BAND . 150C . IMPLANT .

6).VARESTRAINT TEST .

4 8

F

4. . 1). ( VISUAL INSPECTION) 2).. (ASME SEC 8 DIV 1. )

4

, , . (1). 4.3KG/CM2 = P X 2, 4.3 KG/CM2 - 15 = P X 1.3 + 3, 15KG = P X 1.5 PNEUMATIC TEST PRESSURE = P X 1.1 (2). METAL / WATER TEMPERATURE : 16 C (3). PRESSURE-UP METHOD : 3 LEAK CHECK . (4). LEAK CHECK : . : PRESSURE GAGE . FLASH . : .

4 -27

(5). HOLDING TIME : 0.5 - 1HR 1 . (6). : . DRAIN VENT NOZZLE VENT . . COLORED WATER . 3). . 1). : . 2) ASME SECTION V SE-165 . . TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 3 . TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 3 * / . 3). (1). . (2). . , , . . . , , . . . SOLVENT . . . 2 . . . . .

4 -28

. (4). . : , , . . . : , , , . 4). . 1). : . , , . AE(ACOUSTIC EMISSION) . AE KHZ - 1MHZ . 2). AE AE

AE (SENSOR) . 3).

AE SENSOR PRE AMP`

MANIN AMP`

FILTER

MONITER

AE SENSOR, AMPLIFIER, FILTER . AE . 4). . , . .

. . . MONITORING . 5). . . AE , MONITORING . , . . . AE PLANT . 3 - 4 CHANNEL .

4 -29

.. 5. 1). : (0.5-15hz) , . (1). . ENERGY ENERGY . (2). . : . ( .. ) . : . ( 1/2) *. , 45, 60, 70 . 2. . 1). : S R PULSE . 2). : R . 3). : , , . 2). . (1). . PULSE S R . . BEAD . (2). . S R , . , . (3). . , , . 3. . (1). : . . . . . . . R/T . (2). : . .

4 -30

. . . . 6. . 1). : ( 0.5-5MHZ) COIL (EDDY CURRENT) . , , . 300 SUS , , , PIT, UNDERCUT, , , , . IMPEDANCE : , , , COIL . . 37% .

= 3.16 9/ FU

2). COIL ( PICK UP COIL ) . 1 ,2 , COIL SHIELD . COIL . 3). . COIL , . , . . . . . . . 7. ( MAGNETIC FLUX INSPECTION) 1). : , COIL . , , , , , 300 SUS . . . , . . . . . . . 2). . . . , . . 0.3-5 . 8. (R/T) 1). : X , . X , FILM FILM , ,

4 -31

DENSITY . FILM ( DENSITY REQUIREMENT ) X-RAY -RAY . ASME SECT` V , : X-RAY: 1.8, -RAY: 2.0 1.3 = 2.6 : X-RAY, -RAY 4.0 **PENETROMETER . 1). : BLOCK , A. () : JIS, DIN, KS. FO2, FO4 : C.S (JIS, DIN) A02 : AL BASE . = / X 100% JIS 2.0% ( 100MM 3% ) . B. ( ASTM) T T, 2T, 4T 3 X /1000 . 4T 0.18 DISC 1T, 2T . 1-2T, 1-1T, 2-4T, 4-4T . C. . ( B.S ) 0.005-0.04 5 1/4-2.

***

STEREO .

X . 2. X FILM . 1). ( CRACK) : BEAD, CRATER, ROOT CRACK, MICRO FISSURE . : TOE, UNDER BEAD, LAMELLA TEARING. X . 2). BLOW HOLE , HOLE . WORM HOLE .

4 -32

3). UNDER CUT . , . 4). OVER LAP FILM . 5). SPATTER , , , , POOL . 6). SLAG FILM . 7). ROOT FILM ROOT .

CHAPTER 13. .1. . 1). ( ). (1). . , . , , , . (2). . A. , B. . C. (, , ) . , , SLAG , , UNDERCUT, OVERLAP, , . , . 2). ( ) (1). . , . . : . A. : , . B. : . . (2). . NOTCH , ,

4 -33

TEMPERING , , . . (3). : . 2). . ,, . , , . 3). . . , , , . 2. . : C 0.3% . : C 0.3% - 0.45% . : C 0.45% - 1.7% . . C 0.25% C 0.25% . 1). NOTCH . KILLED . MN / C 2.5 . . HV < 350, (CEQ) = C + MN/6 + NI/40 + CR/5 + MO/4 + V/14 < 0.44 . MN C% SI . , . CEMENTITE (FE3C 3FE + C) CEMENTITE (GRAPHITIZATION) . AL CREEP . 25250MM 80-150C , . , () TEMPERING() MN/C C, O, H, S,P . 2). . ESW . NORMALIZING TEMPERING . . 35MM 40MM

4 -34

80-140C . MICRO 24 100-150C 250C . . SAW SULFUR CRACK SEMI KILLED. SULFUR CRACK . 3. , . 1). . . : C 0.3% - 0.45% . : C 0.45% - 1.7% , . . QUENCHING MARTENSITE. . ANNEALING . ( ) (CEQ) (C%) . 90 - 150C . 150 - 60C . 260 - 420C . 0.2% 0.2-0.3% 0.3-0.45% 0.45-0.8% 90C .

, . . . 600-650C . , ROOT CRACK, HILL CRACK, TOE-CRACK TOE-CRACK . MARTENSITE , . 2). . , AUSTENITE SUS , MONEL METAL . 100-150C AUSTENITE SUS . . . **** 0.3% 0.15% C . . 1). : 0.3%C . 2). : 0.3 - 0.5% C.

4 -35

3). : 0.5 - 1.3% C. . BEAD . (150C) . . ***** CARBON STEEL METAL : MAX 0.25% CONTENT OF CARBON. (CEQ) = SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.41% IN WELDED CONSTRUCTION. HARDNESS : C.S = 200 HBN (MAX HARDNESS) 5CR -1/2MO STEET = 225 HBN (MAX HARDNESS) 9CR-1/2MO = 241HBN (MAX HARDNESS) (CEQ) (WEIGHT PERCENT) CARBON EQUIVALENT (CEQ) = C + MN/ 6 + CR+MO+ V / 5 + CU + NI / 15 (CEQ) = C + MN/ 6 + SI / 24 + M0 / 28 + V / 14 +O (UNDER BEAD CRACK)

4. .1). . 2.5 - 3.5% SI 1.5 - 2.5% . , , . : (GRAPHITE) . : CEMENTITE FE3C . : , , , , . 10-20KG/MM2 . (1). . (2). . (3). CO2 GAS , BLOW HOLE . (4). CEMENTITE , . PEENING . 1530C 1410C 4.3

L 1130 L+A C A2.0

910C 0.025 0.8

723C

A+GRAPHITE

FERRITE + GRAPHITE

4 -36

FE-C

2) . . (1). ( ) . . 540-560 C . - . AL, NI, SI, CU . , , . 400-600C 500-600C . . , , , .

2). . () . (1). . 500-600C . CEMENTITE 500C 700C 600C . . (2). ( ) . . . NI NI-CU (MONEL METAL NI 70%-CU30%) . MONEL METAL NI 150-200C . , . . 500-600C . PEENING . ****** (SMAW) . 1. . 1). (1). NI . (2). NI-FE .

4 -37

(3). NI-CU (MONEL METAL) (4).. (5). 2). . (1). NI . A : : *. CEMENTITE , . *. NI . *. NI , . B. . *. HAIR CRACK . *. . *. . (2). NI-FE . A. . *. . *. NI . *. P . B.. *. NI NI . (3). NI-CU . A. . 70% NI-30%CU(MONEL METAL) FLUX NI, NI-FE NI . B. NI HAIR CRACK . (4). . A. C,SI . B. HAZ CEMENTITE . C. INGOT CASE , . (5). . NI INGOT CASE PUMP CASING 1 . 2. .

4 -38

1). . (1). NI , NI-FE , NI-CU . (2). . (3). . (4). (30-50MM) PEENING BEAD . (5). 2 . 2). . (1). . (2). 500C . (3). WEAVING . (4). (500-600C) . 3). . 6:4 - BRAZING . . BRAZING . , . 300-400C . 15-25KG/MM2 . . 4). . 40KG/MM2 2-12% . . . NI FE-NI FE-NI . NI FE-NI 150-200C . . 200-400C FURNACE 900C . 2 700C 5 250C . 650C/HR . 5. , . 1). . , . MARTENSITE MARTENSITE . MARTENSITE . 2). CYCLE MICRO . BOND AUSTENNITE , FERRITE WIDMAN STATTEN MARTENSITE . MARTENSITE .

4 -39

(1). (CCT DIAGRAM)800C 700 600 500 400 300 200

A: AUSTENITE

A3 795C A1 696C F B P ZW

M: MARTENSITE A F : FERRITE P: PEARLITEB: BANITEMS

C`Z, C`F, C`P C`Z C`F C`P

1. 2. 4. 8. 20. 40. 60. 80. 200. 400 (SEC) . C`Z : C`Z BAINITE . MARTENSITE . C`P PEARLITE , C`Z BOND MICRO 100% MARTENSITE . C`F , CYCLE BAINITE MARTENSITE . BOND MICRO 800-500C . MARTENSITE FINE BAINITE ( BAINITE) COARSE BAINITE( BAINITE) FERRITE PEARLITE MARTENSITE BAINITE . (2). . . . , . 100 - 200C .

HV 500 400 300 200 100

Ceq = C+ MN/6 + SI/ 24 + NI/40 + CR /5 + MO/4 + V/14(%)

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Ceq (3).. BOND . BOND

.

4 -40

. P, V, MO, C, N MN, NI, TI, AL . SI < 0.6%, CU < 0.5% . 3). . 200C . () UNDER BEAD CRACK, TOE-CRACK, ROOT CRACK , , 3 . 600-650C ANNEALING . 4). . , . SMAW, SAW SHIELD , ESW, EGW, EBW . . 300-400C 100-170C . SAW FLUX . GAS SHIELD 50-60KG HT80 - HT70 MIG . SHIELD 80%AR- 20%CO2 . 5). . (1). : NORMALIZING . . MN-SI . (2). : . 600-650C TEMPERING . ****** TMCP NORMALIZED PROCESS . 1. . 1). NORMALIZED STEEL TEMP` TEMP` AR1900-950C AC3 AR3 AC1

TIME (A)

TIME (B) NORMALIZING

AC3 (30-50C ) .

4 -41

2). TMCP TEMP`CR-ACC(CONTROLED ROLLING

TEMP`

CR-DQ

CR AR3 AR1CR-ACC(ACCELERATEDCOOLED)

AR3 AR1

AC1

(DIRECT QUENCHED-TEMPERED)

TIME (A) (B)

TIME

AUSTENITE . . (A) AR3 BAINITE MARTENSITE . (B) QUENCHING-TEMPERING (Q-T ) . 2. . 1). TMCP : FERRITE BAINITE . 2). NORMALIZING ; NORMALIZING PEARLITE, PEARLITE FERRITE CEMENTITE . 3). . , , . . . , . C 0.18% . . NORMALIZING SI, MN, CU, V, P, C, NI, MO, CR,. : SI, MN, CU) V, CR, MO . ****** TMCP . 1. TMCP . TMCP AUSTENITE (CONTROLLED ROLLING PROCESS) BAINITE MARTENSITE (ACCELERATED COOLING PROCESS) , , -(D-Q ) TMCP . (

4 -42

TEMP`

CR-ACC(CONTROLED ROLLING

TEMP`

CR-DQ

CR AR3 AR1CR-ACC(ACCELERATEDCOOLED)

AR3 AR1

AC1

4).

(DIRECT QUENCHED-TEMPERED)

TIME (A) (B)

TIME

AUSTENITE . . (A) AR3 BAINITE MARTENSITE . (B) QUENCHING-TEMPERING (Q-T ) . 2. . 1). ( ) (1). (CEQ) 0.04-0.0)% HAZ . (2). . (3). SHORT BEAD . (4). . 2). . (1). . BAINITE NORMALIZING FERRITE PEARLITE . (2). . . ****** TMCP NORMALIZING . 1. . TMCP NORMALIZING 0.04 - 0.08% . TMCP () . 2. . 1). . 2). . 3). SHORT BEAD .

4 -43

50MM SHORT BEAD TMCP . 4). HAZ . 3. . 1). . TMCP BAINITE FERRITE, PEARLITE . 2). TMCP . . 1 3D D D 2 1CUT`G LINE

D

D

CUMBER CUMBER - 1 CUMBER 2 . CUMBER TMCP . ****** . 1.

1). 2). . 3). 4). . 5). . ,, , . 2. . 1). . CR - MO . . 2). PWHT . . .

4 -44

. (1). (2 ) (2). HAZ ( ) (3). (TEMPORARY BEAD , UNDERCUT , TOE- ) . 3). . . . (DELAYED CRACKING) . UNDER BEAD CRACK, TOE-CRACK, ROOT CRACK . 4). . . 5). . CR - MO CREEP . CREEP , VOID , (PRECIPITATE FREE ZONE) VOID CREEP CREEP . ****** 25MM SAW . UT . . 1. . *** 1). 2). . SAW FLUX . . . 2. . 1). FLUX . 2). MARTENSITE . 3). .

6. STAINLESS .1. STAINLESS . CR CR CR

4 -45

.

CR STAINLESS CR FERRITE . CR-NI STAINLESS.

MARTENSITE

AUSTENITE AUSTENITE STAINLESS . Austenite Type Stainless . Stainless Cr .

CR FERRITE AUSTENITE DUPLEX

(%) NI 16-27 C

1.2 0.3

MARTENSITE 11-15

16 7 0.25 25 7

C < 0.1%, 17-18% CR FERRITE . CR 20-70% FERRITE . 2. . STAINLESS 1/3 . AUSTENITE

. ( )

50% MARTENSITE FERRITE . AUSTENITE . 1). MARTENSITE STAINLESS . 13Cr Martensite Type Stainless Martensite . C : 0.1 - 1%, CR 12 - 18%, NI : 2.5% MARTENSITE MARTENSITE . . . CR 3-6% STAINLESS CR, MO 300-350C , 25 :20 CR - NI STAINLESS 150C . 720-750C 900C . 12 - 14% CR . . 0.1% 200 - 400C 700 - 760C . SUS 403 SUS 410 Cr Ni Mo SUS 31, SUS440C, AISI 10 JIS 10 . Martensite Stainless JIS SUS 410 SUS 416 AISI 410 416 13Cr 13Cr-S 4 -46 C < _0.5