4.4 cue cards - st thomas more catholic school, nuneaton
TRANSCRIPT
Q1. Figure 1 shows a plant cell.
1.1 Draw one line from each part of the cell to its function. [3 marks]
1.2 Respiration takes place in the cell. Its purpose is to release...
Use a word from the list to complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
amino acids energy glucose oxygen
Part of the cell Function
Where most of the chemical
reactions take place
Nucleus
Absorbs light energy to make food
Chloroplast
Carries out respiration
Mitochondria
Controls the activities of the cell
Qu No. Extra Information Mark
s
1.1
Nucleus – Controls the activi-ties… Chloroplast – Absorbs light en-ergy… Mitochondria – Carries out res-piration
1 mark for each correct line mark each line from left hand
box two lines from left hand box cancels mark for that box
3
1.2 energy 1
2.0 An athlete did a 6-month training programme.
Figure 2 shows the effect of the same amount of exercise on his heart rate before and after the training
programme.
Figure 2
2.1 What was the minimum heart rate of the athlete before the training programme?
[1 mark]
Minimum heart rate = ___________________________beats per minute
2.3 Which two substances need to be supplied to the muscles in larger amounts during exercise?
Choose two substances from the list. [2 marks]
Carbon dioxide Glucose Lactic acid Oxygen Urea
2.1 64 (beats per minute) 1
2.2
any two from:
• lower resting pulse • lower rate during exercise
• recovers faster after exer-cise
accept correct use of num-bers
accept lower pulse rate if neither of the first two marking points awarded, al-low 1 mark for ‘lower rate’.
2
2.3 glucose
oxygen
1
1
3.0 The figure shows a single-celled alga which lives in fresh water.
3.1 Which part of the cell labelled above is made of cellulose?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________
3.2 Water enters and leaves the algal cell.
What is the name of the process by which water moves into cells?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________
3.3 Describe what happens to the algal cell as water moves into the cell.
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________
3.4 The alga can photosynthesise.
Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.
[2 marks]
water + .............................. ............................... + oxygen
3.5 The flagellum helps the cell to move through water.
Scientists think that the flagellum and the light-sensitive spot work together to increase photosynthesis.
Suggest how this might happen.
Qu
No. Extra Information Mark
s
3.1 cell wall 1
3.2 osmosis allow diffusion 1
3.3 cell becomes turgid / swollen 1
3.4 Carbon dioxide Glucose
1 1
3.5
any two from: • light sensitive spot detects light
• tells flagellum to move towards light
• more light = more photosynthe-sis
2
4.1 Plants make glucose during photosynthesis. Some of the glucose is changed into insoluble starch.
What happens to this starch?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
The starch is converted into oxygen.
The starch is stored for use later.
The starch is used to make the leaf green.
4,2 A student investigated the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed.
The figure shows the way the experiment was set up.
The student needed to control some variables to make the investigation fair.
State two variables the student needed to control in this investigation.
[2 marks]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4.3 The bubbles of gas are only produced while photosynthesis is taking place. What two measurements would the student make to calculate the rate of photosynthesis?
[2 marks]
Qu
No. Extra Information Mark
s
4.1 the starch is stored for use lat-er
1
4.2
any two from: • carbon dioxide
(concentration)
• temperature • light colour / wavelength
• pH
• size of pondweed / plant • same species / type of pond-
weed
ignore reference to time
allow 1 mark for light if colour is not already awarded.
ignore volume of water un-qualified
2
4.3
number / amount of bubbles or
amount of gas / oxygen
(relevant reference to) time /
named time interval
ignore the bubbles unquali-fied
allow how long it bubbles for do not allow time bubbles start / stop ignore speed / rate of bub-
bling
ignore instruments do not allow other factors e.g. temperature accept how many bubbles per minute for 2 marks
1
1
5.0 Anaerobic respiration happens in muscle cells and yeast cells.
The equation describes anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
glucose lactic acid
5.1 How can you tell from the equation that this process is anaerobic?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________
5.2 Exercise cannot be sustained when anaerobic respiration takes place in muscle cells.
Explain why.
[2 marks]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5.3 Figure 7 shows an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
Figure 7
What gas will bubble into Tube B?
[1 mark]
Draw a circle around one gas.
Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Water vapour
5.1 no oxygen (is used) 1
5.2 muscles become fatigued / stop contracting
(because) not enough en-ergy is transferred
1
1
5.3 carbon dioxide 1
6.0 Green plants can make glucose.
6.1 Plants need energy to make glucose.
Describe how plants get this energy.
[2 marks]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6.2 Plants can use the glucose they have made to supply them with energy.
Describe four other ways in which plants use the glucose they have made.
[4 marks]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Qu
No. Extra Information Mark
s
6.1
light is trapped / absorbed / used
by chlorophyll / chloro-plasts
extra answers cancel mark
ignore solar / sunshine
if no other marks award-ed, allow 1 mark for pho-tosynthesis / equation for photosynthesis
1
1
6.2
(to make) starch (for stor-age) (to make) fat / oil (for stor-age) (to make) amino acids / proteins / enzymes (to make) cellulose / cell walls
ignore for growth (unqualified) ignore respiration allow for active transport allow any other correct, named organic substanc-es (eg DNA / ATP / chlo-rophyll / hormone) if no named examples, allow ‘to make named cell structures’ for max. 1 mark
1
1 1
1
.
7.1 (a) Complete the equation for photosynthesis.
______________ + water ______________ + ______________
(3)
(b) The rate of photosynthesis in a plant depends on several factors in the environment. These factors include light intensity and the availability of water.
Describe and explain the effects of two other factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
You may include one or more sketch graphs in your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(5)
(Total 8 marks)
7.1 (a) LHS – carbon dioxide / CO2
allow CO2
ignore CO2
1
RHS
in either order
glucose / carbohydrate / sugar
allow starch
allow C6H12O6 / C6H12O6
ignore C6H12O6
1
oxygen
allow O2 / O2
ignore O2 / O 1
(b) any five from:
• factor 1: CO2 (concentration)
• effect - as CO2 increases so does rate and then it levels off or shown in a graph
• explanation: (graph increases) because CO2 is the raw material or used in photosynthesis / convert-ed to organic substance / named eg or (graph levels off) when another factor limits the rate.
accept points made via an annotat-ed / labelled graph
• factor 2: temperature
allow warmth / heat
8.1 A student carried out the following investigation using a plant with variegated leaves. A variegated leaf has green and white stripes.
The student:
• left the plant in the dark for 3 days to remove the starch
• fixed two pieces of card to a leaf on the plant
• left the plant in the light for 2 days
• removed the leaf from the plant
• tested the leaf for starch.
Figure 1 shows how the two pieces of card were attached to the leaf.
Figure 1
Figure 2 shows the same leaf after 2 days in the light. The leaf has been tested for starch.
Figure 2
Give two conclusions from this investigation.
Tick ( ) two boxes.
(2)
Leaf without card Leaf with card
Carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis.
Light is needed for photosynthesis.
Water is needed for photosynthesis.
8.1
(a) chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis
1
light is needed for photosynthesis 1
([8]
8.2 Scientists investigated the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
Figure 3 shows the scientists’ results.
Figure 3
Light intensity in arbitrary units
Describe the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. You should include numbers from Figure 3 in your description.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(c) At a light intensity of 250 arbitrary units, light is not a limiting factor of photosynthesis.
(i) What is the evidence for this in Figure 3?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Give two factors that could be limiting the rate of photosynthesis at a light intensity of 250 arbi-trary units.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
(2)
8.2 b) increases 1
levels off / reaches a maximum / remains constant / stays the same / plateaus
do not allow stops / stationary / peaks
allow stops increasing 1
goes up to / reaches a maximum / levels off at (a rate of) 200 (arbitrary units) or levels off at 225 – 240 (light units)
ignore references to other numerical values 1
(c) (i) higher light intensity does not increase rate of pho-tosynthesis
accept the graph stays level (above this value)
allow stops increasing
allow the rate of photosynthesis stays the same (above this value)
1
(ii) any two from:
• carbon dioxide (concentration) • temperature / heat • (amount of) chlorophyll / chloroplasts
allow water
allow ions / nutrients
ignore ref to surface area of the leaf 2
S 9.1
Green plants can make glucose.
(a) Plants need energy to make glucose.
How do plants get this energy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2
)
(b) Plants can use the glucose they have made to supply them with energy.
Give four other ways in which plants use the glucose they have made.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 6 marks)
9.1 (a) light is trapped / absorbed / used
extra answers cancel mark
ignore solar / sunshine 1
by chlorophyll / chloroplasts
if no other marks awarded, allow 1 mark for photo-synthesis / equation for photosynthesis
1
(b) (to make) starch (for storage)
ignore ‘for growth’ unqualified
ignore respiration 1
(to make) fat / oil (for storage) 1
(to make) amino acids / proteins / enzymes 1
(to make) cellulose / cell walls
allow for active transport
allow any other correct, named organic substances (eg DNA / ATP / chlorophyll / hormone)
if no named examples, allow ‘to make named cell structures’ for max. 1 mark
1
10.1
An athlete ran as fast as he could until he was exhausted.
(a) Figure 1 shows the concentrations of glucose and of lactic acid in the athlete’s blood at the start and at the end of the run.
(i) Lactic acid is made during anaerobic respiration.
What does anaerobic mean?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Give evidence from Figure 1 that the athlete respired anaerobically during the run.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
10.1 a) (i) without oxygen
allow not enough oxygen
ignore air
ignore production of CO2
ignore energy 1
(ii) more / high / increased lactic acid (at end)
allow approximate figures (to show in-crease)
ignore reference to glucose 1
11.0 The figure below shows the effect of running on the rate of blood flow through the athlete’s mus-cles.
(i) For how many minutes did the athlete run?
Time = ______________________ minutes
(1)
(ii) Describe what happens to the rate of blood flow through the athlete’s muscles during the run.
Use data from Figure 2 in your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11.0
(b) (i) 1.5
allow only 1.5 / 1½ / one and a half 1
(ii) increases at first and levels off
ignore subsequent decrease 1
suitable use of numbers eg rises to 10 / by 9 (dm3 per min) or increases up to 1.5 (min) / levels off after 1.5 (min) (of x axis
timescale)
allow answer in range 1.4 to 1.5
or after the first minute (of the run)
1
S 12.0
During exercise, the heart beats faster and with greater force.
The ‘heart rate’ is the number of times the heart beats each minute.The volume of blood that travels out of the heart each time the heart beats is called the ‘stroke volume’.
In an investigation, Person 1 and Person 2 ran as fast as they could for 1 minute. Scientists measured the heart rates and stroke volumes of Person 1 and Person 2 at rest, during the exercise and after the exercise.
The graph below shows the scientists’ results.
(a) The ‘cardiac output’ is the volume of blood sent from the heart to the muscles each minute.
Cardiac output = Heart rate × Stroke volume
At the end of the exercise, Person 1’s cardiac output = 160 × 77 = 12 320 cm3 per minute.
Use information from Figure above to complete the following calculation of Person 2’s cardiac output at the end of the exercise.
At the end of the exercise:
Person 2’s heart rate = _______________ beats per minute
Person 2’s stroke volume = _______________ cm3
Person 2’s cardiac output = _______________ cm3 per minute
(3)
12.0
(a) 5624
allow 2 marks for:
• correct HR = 148 and correct SV = 38 plus wrong answer / no answer
or
• only one value correct and ecf for an-swer
allow 1 mark for:
• incorrect values and ecf for answer
or
• only one value correct 3
13.0
b) Person 2 had a much lower cardiac output than Person 1.
(i) Use information from Figure above to suggest the main reason for the lower cardiac output of Person 2.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
Person 1 was able to run much faster than Person 2.
Use information from Figure above and your own knowledge to explain why.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13.0 b (i) Person 2 has low(er) stroke volume / SV / de-scribed
eg Person 2 pumps out smaller volume each beat
do not allow Person 2 has lower heart rate 1
(ii) Person 1 sends more blood (to muscles / body / lungs)
1
(which) supplies (more) oxygen 1
(and) supplies (more) glucose 1
(faster rate of) respiration or transfers (more) energy for
use
ignore aerobic / anaerobic
allow (more) energy release
allow aerobic respiration transfers / releases more energy (than anaerobic)
do not allow makes (more) energy 1
removes (more) CO2 / lactic acid / heat
allow less oxygen debt
or less lactic acid made or (more) muscle contraction / less muscle fatigue
if no other mark awarded,
allow person 1 is fitter (than person 2) for max 1 mark
1
S 14.0
One type of training exercise involves alternating periods of walking and running.
The graph shows how an athlete’s heart rate changed during one 30-minute training session.
(a) (i) The athlete ran 6 times during the 30-minute training session.
Describe the evidence for this in the graph.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Immediately after the final run, the athlete rested for a short time before he started to walk again.
For how many minutes did this rest last?
____________________ minutes
(1)
14.0
(a) (i) 6 peaks in heart rate
accept 6 increases / spikes or goes very high 6 times
allow heart rate increases each time he runs
1
(ii) 2.5 / 2½
allow 2 minutes 30 seconds
do not accept 2.3 / 2:3 / 2.30 1
S 15.0 The heart rate increases during exercise.
This increase in heart rate increases blood flow to the muscles.
Explain, as fully as you can, why this increase in heart rate is necessary.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[4]
15.0.
more / faster / a lot must be stated at least once for full marks
(more) oxygen supplied / needed
allow less anaerobic (respiration)
or (more) aerobic respiration
or prevents oxygen debt 1
(more) glucose / sugar / food supplied / needed
ignore feeding
1
(more) energy needed / released
allow energy produced / made
1
(more) carbon dioxide / heat / lactic acid removed (from muscles) or more cooling
)
