4.3_iddp_v18

R W A N D A N A T I O N A L L A N D U S E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T M A S T E R P L A N - A P P E N D I X 3

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List of Contents

List of Contents....................................................................................................................2

1. RATIONALES FOR A NEW CONCEPT FOR DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLANNING.......................................................................................4

1.1 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH.............................................4 Step 1 - Getting Organized to Work with the IDDP and Identifying Stakeholders ...................5 Step 2 - Setting the Vision for the IDDP from a National Perspective.....................................5 Step 3 – Analyzing the Situation .........................................................................................5 Step 4 – Setting the Goals and Objectives for the IDDP.......................................................6 Step 5 – Establishing the Development Thrust and Spatial Strategies...................................6 Step 6 - Conducting Hearings on IDDP...............................................................................6 Step 7 - Preparing the Detailed Draft IDDP .........................................................................7 Step 8 - Reviewing, Adopting and Approving the IDDP........................................................7 Step 9 - Implementing the IDDP .........................................................................................7 Step 10 – Monitoring, Reviewing & Evaluating the IDDP......................................................7

METHODOLOGY APPLIED FOR IDDP .................................................7 BASE MAP .......................................................................................................................9 POPULATION PROJECTED PER DISTRICT 2010-2020 .................................................14

1.2 MAYOR’S FOREWORD .........................................................15

1.4 NATIONAL AND DISTRICT OBJECTIVES TO BE FOCUSED ON/PRIORITIZED/IMPLEMENTED DURING THE PLANNING PERIOD 2012-2017..............................................................................................15

Vision 2020.........................................................................................................................15

Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) ...................................16

The NICI – 2010 Plan ..........................................................................................................16

District Profile ....................................................................................................................16

Some Performance Indicators and Assessment Tools for Kayonza District.....................21

1.5 SECTOR NEEDS ASSESSMENT ............................................22

A. Education, Youth, Sport and Culture.............................................................................22

B. Health, Gender, Family Promotion and Child’s Protection............................................30 Example in a District Development Plan ...........................................................................30

C. Economic Development and Job Promotion.................................................................33

D. Administration and Good Governance..........................................................................39

E. Infrastructure, Water, Land, Housing and Urban Development.....................................41

Imidugudu Development....................................................................................................41

Umujyi Implementation......................................................................................................43 Sustainable District Centre Development..........................................................................43 Informal Settlement Upgrading.........................................................................................43 General Description.........................................................................................................44 Comprehensive Inventory................................................................................................44

Waste Management ...........................................................................................................51 Solid waste .....................................................................................................................51 Toxic waste.....................................................................................................................51 Waste Water...................................................................................................................52

District Planning Implications............................................................................................52

F. Human Resource Development and Supporting Services ............................................52

R W A N D A N A T I O N A L L A N D U S E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T M A S T E R P L A N – I N T E G R A T E D D D P

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The major challenges in this Sector are linked to lack of experienced human resources which impacts negatively on the will of the District to deliver rapid, quality and less expensive services. The financial potential of the District has not yet been .....................52

1.6 RISK AND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS........................................52

1.7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION – SITUATION ANALYSIS ..................57

1.8 PROPOSED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PLANNING PERIOD 2012-2017..........................................................................57

BINDING DIRECTIVES FOR LAND USE CHANGES OF AREAS AND HUBS OF NATIONAL INTEREST TILL 2020..........................................................................................................57

DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN ...............................................................................................69

1.9 PROPOSED PROJECTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE PLANNING PERIOD 2012-2017 .........................................................69

Equitable Distribution of Public Services over the Country..................................................69 Implementation of Deconcentration Urban Policy ..............................................................69 Implementation of Sound Imidugudu Policy.......................................................................69 Implementation of Projects for Improved Agricultural Production ........................................70 Implementation of Projects for Increased Forestry Production ............................................70 Intensification of Mineral Deposit Exploitation ....................................................................70

Implementation of Projects for Tourism Development........................................................70 Exploitation and Supply of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Resources........................70 Revitalization of Transportation System ............................................................................70 Conservation and Protection of Natural Biodiversity...........................................................70

1.10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION – PLAN PROPOSAL.....................74

1.11 APPROVAL AND APPEAL PROCESS .................................74

1.12 PROTOCOLS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION............74

Creating an IDDP Project Management GIS Application ...................................................74 Project Objectives ...........................................................................................................75

1.13 APPENDIX .......................................................................78

Vision 2020.........................................................................................................................78

EDPRS ...............................................................................................................................78

NICI – PLAN 2010...............................................................................................................78

Population Projections 2010-2020 .....................................................................................78


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The National Land Use and Development Master Plan is referred to as the Plan in the text. STUDA is an abbreviation for the Plan being used in some cases. IDDP stands for Integrated District Development Plan – the proposed modern concept for District planning coordinated with the Plan.

RATIONALES FOR A NEW CONCEPT FOR DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLANNING While the District Development Plans (DDPs) are well placed to be prioritization and implementation tools of the Plan, it is recommended that they be significantly improved to serve as adequate tools for good governance at local government level. Conceptual ideas on how to improve the current District Planning process to become a comprehensive tool for planning, implementation and monitoring at local level has been presented in Part II (see Chapter 4 ‘Housing and Urbanization’, pg 16 onwards). The justification was well received by the stakeholders during the consultation period. In the preparation of the Final Part of the Plan a Pilot Study involving three Districts: Rubavu; Gasabo and Kayonza, was conducted to touch base with the day-to-day situation and to prepare guidelines for improved District development planning. The encounter underlines the need of a modern planning instrument. The general impression is that it is a quite cumbersome situation at the local government level at present; nobody seems to have a clear overview of the situation and projects implementation in particular, too many uncoordinated progress reports are being requested by central government, and very late requests for attendance at various meetings outside the District complicates the daily schedule at office. Moreover, the existing District Development Plans, in reality prepared by consultants, seem not to

have in-house staff ‘custodian’ for follow-up and lack practical influence on decision-making and monitoring of development projects.

1.1 Methodological Approach District development Planning should utilize the best available scientific information to identify and protect significant natural resources and to ensure the viability of both human and natural communities. Advancement in the fields of landscape ecology and conservation biology have led to a greater understanding of the importance of protecting buffer areas, wildlife corridors, and other landscape characteristics essential for healthy, functioning ecosystems. New innovative attempts to ‘modernize’ planning and monitoring, such as the Pressure-State-Response Model, promise to make the work more effective. The approach found in these guidelines will introduce methods, which make it possible to predict the socio-economic and environmental impact of various decisions and discuss alternatives at an early stage. Indicators showing whether plans promote or work against the achievement of socio-economic and environmental objectives are presented in different stages of the planning process. Furthermore, the approach will introduce the means by which these planning principles can be incorporated into the consensus-based planning process that ensures protection of significant natural areas and human communities. It makes it possible to determine the total urban land supply, consider monitoring of land use changes and project compliance to land use policies and guidelines and consider monitoring the deviation of the existing land use to the proposed structure plan or

zoning.

The approach will be primarily devoted to illustrating the use of GIS as a decision support tool for sustainable environmental solutions and to developing generic procedures in generating alternative spatial strategies by using GIS technology in all the plan preparation steps. It will introduce the stakeholders to planning techniques and standards, GIS analysis techniques in the assessment of socio-economic, institutional, infrastructure and environmental conditions, graphic user interfaces and

This is the first attempt to present guidelines for Integrated District Development Planning. More elaborations of this guidelines will be made onwards for the rollout of the institutional building projects to be implemented in 2012 .For the continuous work it is proposed that a working group with participants from responsible authorities ( MINALOC, NLC, etc.) jointly will be working with the task..


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developed formal decision support models. It will also explore the advantages of using remote sensing techniques, such as change detection analyses, for environmental monitoring. It will utilize GIS in, for example, the overlay analysis to determine suitable areas for the development of various public services and utilities.

Recommended steps in a comprehensive and integrated development approach for land use planning are outlined as follows:

The rationales for the IDDP, which identifies and describes the steps of the IDDP preparation, are summarized below. Leads for GIS as a tool in the IDDP preparation would then be to prepare information products which reflect that

the Plan is both regulatory and catalytic at the same time ;

the Plan Process will include a substantial amount of participatory planning or rather collaborative planning.

Information Products can be defined as the instructive components that are needed to present IDDP Steps in a comprehensive way and will consist of tables, graphs and maps in both digital and paper based formats

The following Steps are proposed and can easily be adopted into the prescribed phases/tasks of the IDDP Planning Process:

Step 1 - Getting Organized to Work with the IDDP and Identifying Stakeholders Anticipating and preparing for the resources that will be needed for the surveying and planning activities will lead to the smooth implementation and accomplishment of the planning outputs on time. As regards data capture it is important to ensure that a ‘GIS Start Package’ -the resources needed for GIS activities- are readily available. It will mean that all the five components of GIS will be secured: hardware, software, human resource development, data and methodology.

Step 2 - Setting the Vision for the IDDP from a National Perspective. The Ministry of Local Government, which has a leading role in the IDDP preparation, has Vision, Goal and Objectives for development at district level. These visionary statements could (and should) not differ from other visions provided for the country (Vision 2020) and be mirrored in the IDDP. Also the STUDA have goals, guidelines and planning standards that will have impact on District Planning. The specific implications of the national targets must be described for the district so that duplication of efforts and the risk of confusion among stakeholders and the general public is avoided. Likewise, the IDDP vision must reflect the NICI- 2010 Plan in which the Rwandan Government is pursuing the creation of a knowledge-based economy, and in which Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will play a central role. The objective is to use ICT for poverty reduction through its catalytic and leveraging effect on improving access to basic services such as education and health.

Step 3 – Analyzing the Situation Step 3 of the planning process - Situation Analysis - basically answers the question: Where are we now? It is both analytical and diagnostic, geared towards identifying issues, potentials and future development needs and spatial requirements of the city/nation. Assessment involves technical and participatory methods.

In this step the first thing is to take necessary actions to gather the required data and to prepare a digital IDDP Base Map. It might be a lengthy process and it is, therefore, important to ensure that a base map is readily available as soon as possible so gathering of data for sector and cross sector analysis is not delayed.

It is, likewise, recommended to prepare the demography data upon the base line studies and sector analyses that education, health, transport, agriculture, etc. will be based on. As there is only one vision set for the nation, one population projection for the district should be agreed on.

Technical assessment is based on factual data derived from surveys, official publications and records of the national agencies concerned and other entities. Assessment involves the use of indicators such as proportions, rates, frequency, quality/condition (e.g. severity, critical, etc.), standards and other parameters that are vital in characterizing the situations.


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The result of the situation analysis will hopefully bring out a tailored specification of data that answers to the special requirement for sustainable development .The consultation will also trigger the search –for data’ activity and the secondary source data custodians should then be approached as early as possible in order to get all necessary information required for this step as the search and acquisition for the data is usually a lengthy process.

In this Step, thematic spatial layers -Baseline Studies- need to be prepared for all sectors and sub sectors included in the IDDP. The locations of service facilities, infrastructure utilities, environmental prospects and constraints and land management regulatory options and limitations as specified in the ToR need to be defined with an accuracy that is acceptable for IDDP planning and analysis activities.

It is also recommended that a proper File and Folder system should be introduced for the accumulated Project attribute and spatial data.

The Needs Assessment Information Products will be a comprehensive combination of maps which will not only reveal weaknesses or gaps in the distribution of goods and services of the urban area but also the District needs based on

population projections. GIS is a useful tool for this as it makes the plan more transparent to the general public.

The Risk & Suitability Analysis Information Products will focus on the limitations and potentials originating from nature and man made/enforced restrictions/ rules and regulations. These will provide the bases for some examples for the formulation of a sustainable development plan for the district area.

Step 4 – Setting the Goals and Objectives for the IDDP The next step after the data gathering and analysis is the formulation of goals and objectives that will help the district to achieve its vision. It is important that the goals and objectives reflect the “common good” or consensus of the broader community so that implementation of the plan effectively engages all sectors, and ownership is shared community-wide. A good way to achieve this is to conduct participatory goal-setting processes in public settings where the Situation and Risk & Suitability Analysis Information Products can be presented.

Step 5 – Establishing the Development Thrust and Spatial Strategies This step is critical in determining the future spatial development of the district and involves the understanding of what is appropriate, feasible and possible through an exploration of different land use alternatives or scenarios. A draft plan will be prepared based on a preferred way forward. Only the planner’s imagination can define the limits of the use GIS in this step. Most probably the use of GIS will be limited to actual presentation and display work in the beginning. When the planner acquires advanced skills in the use of the GIS, more sophisticated spatial analysis is possible.

Step 6 - Conducting Hearings on IDDP

This involves a 3-stage process namely: public display and information dissemination; conduct of hearings and consultations. The process aims to inform the general public and ensure an objective and participatory review of the draft IDDP


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and to encourage ownership of the plan and gain support for its implementation.

GIS will be a useful instrument to translate the plan into a format that will be understood by the stakeholders. The information products in the above step can be printed out and displayed and/or be included in a PowerPoint presentation.

Step 7 - Preparing the Detailed Draft IDDP It is at this stage where the location and details of the plan components are put into final draft form. It also provides for more detailed information on land use regulations/controls, among other things. The GIS will be useful in furnishing templates which are based on map standards with regard to format and symbology.

Step 8 - Reviewing, Adopting and Approving the IDDP The mandatory and comprehensive review of the IDDP by political leaders, private sector and general public will take place in this step, after which adoption, enactment and approval of IDDP by the Client will take place.

GIS benefits from the excellence of the digital mode compared to the tedious process of reviewing analogue maps which might be useful in this step.

Step 9 - Implementing the IDDP Implementing the IDDP requires resources, institutional structures and procedures. For example Urban Development Plans, Action Area Plans for Imidugudu Villages need to be prepared in order to provide a closer touch base interpretation of the

national strategies. The proposed planning legislation allows great flexibility for the implementers to design and implement their own organizational structure and staffing

pattern for the projects taking into consideration its vision, mission, goals and objectives as contained in the IDDP and accountability to the country.

Step 10 – Monitoring, Reviewing & Evaluating the IDDP The GIS enables the planner to readily extract data from the database and IDDP project profile,

Thus, it will be easier for the Districts, NLC, MINALOC and other sector authorities and agencies concerned to manage/ implement projects as well as share project information with stakeholders/contractors.

With the IDDP and its implementation program established, assessment procedures for its effectiveness must be instituted. Monitoring review and evaluation are performed to assess how fully and how effectively a plan is being carried out.

The combination of attribute and spatial data, which is a unique advantage of GIS, greatly facilities the measurement of development outcome and trends. As the GIS software is developing strongly into more user-friendly interface it will also be easier to meet a growing demand for ‘political transparency’ and participatory planning.

1.2 Methodology Applied For IDDP Based on the general methodological approach found in the previous chapters, a tailored methodology to be applied for the IDDP preparation is presented. The figure below shows the steps of preparations and it also define the list of contents of the IDDP. Besides from the general recommendations the following part of the guidelines includes examples taken from the studies of the three pilot districts.


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The figure below illustrates a proposed IDDP Planning Process.

Consequently, a modern concept for integrated district development planning is proposed to be introduced to harmonize with the national Plan and to match future demands for equitable service provision through decentralized and participatory decision making.

Integrated development planning is a means of improving the quality of people’s lives through the implementation of integrated and sustainable programs and projects. It is cross-cutting processes that seeks to co-ordinate and align all dimensions and sectors engaged in development by formulating integrated development strategies that are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable.

Integrated District Development Planning (IDDP) could be one of the key tools for local government to manage its developmental role as part of an integrated system of planning and delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at decisions on issues such as District budgets, land management, promotion of local economic development and institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative, systematic and strategic manner. Integrated Development Plans, however, will not only inform the District management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of any agency from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs and the private sector within the District area.

The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more effective delivery of both local and other services to communities and the general public, and the creation of a framework for economic and social development in the District. A number of links also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental outcomes.

Integrated development planning should also function as a catalyst for wealth creation and distribution at local levels. It is intended to assist in the promotion of socio-economic development through providing a more predictable framework within which governmental, private or foreign investments will more easily be attracted. It will also facilitate the creation of a more investor-friendly environment and the promotion of local economic development.

And as stated before, the IDDP should also function as the implementation tool on the Plan so binding directives regarding national interests should be respected in the local development planning.


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BASE MAP The base map serves as a background layer for the preparation of various sector information. It may also be used for analysis of the characteristics and development within the area of study. Different types of information may be reflected and overlaid in the base map that would enable the user to visually relate development trends, constraints, etc., in the area of study.

Generally, there are two kinds of base maps: a general (comprehensive) and a more detailed (cadastral) base map. A general base map reflects broad and more generalized information. It is prepared to be used in a smaller scale and reflects the boundaries of the whole study area, the major roads, settlement pattern/urban-rural and important naming for easy reference and the important natural features such as streams and rivers. This map is used in the preparation of need analysis maps base on population distribution and population projection, general land uses and for illustration purposes. The common denominator is the sector area. In a GIS, each thematic sector can add layers with data from its own field that can be analyzed and exposed in a comprehensive format. It is also important information in the context of an audience that is not so ‘map literate’. For Rwanda, most of the districts can be presented on the scale of 1:50,000 which is suitable to be placed in a display or just to be hanged on the wall. The large districts like Kayonza, will need to be reduced to 1; 100,000 to be accommodated on A1 size. The map on the next page shows a reduced example of a base map for IDDP planning purposes.

The detailed, cadastral, base map, on the other hand, is prepared in a much larger scale and provides more detailed information. It gives detailed spatial and attribute information about individual permanent features such as properties, building blocks or even building footprints. The cadastral map constitutes the platform for many district sector activities such as financial management and billing consolidation. The common denominator is the parcel number, a unique set of digits assigned to each land parcel. The parcel number is the ‘bridge’ between GIS data and all types of attribute data captured in thematic applications. As soon as NLC has finalized the National Land Registration Project, the district can be furnished with detailed cadastral information for a separate plot, part of or the entire district.

On the next two pages two versions of the general Base Map are presented:

Vector layers with a backdrop comprising of a composite of satellite imagery and orthophoto.

Only the vector layers.

Depending on the complexicity of the thematic information that will be presented the Base Map can be customized and simplified so that thematic information will be highlighted.


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POPULATION PROJECTED PER DISTRICT 2010-2020 A country’s population and how it is geographically distributed can influence the state of land use through the rate of growth and household formation, access to basic services and infrastructure, age distribution and employment opportunities, rural and urban environment and sustainable use and access to natural resources. The impact of human needs versus available resources, in the context of emerging economies, leads to increasing constraints to provide the growing population with basic human rights; food, shelter, access to quality social services and infrastructure.

The growth of the population per district is preferably illustrated by a series of maps showing the increased population density. Population density is a key indicator for economic growth, service and utility provision and risks for environmental degradation. Please observe that areas of lakes and protected areas should be subtracted from the total district area for better representation: (and data tables can be found in an appendix of the IDDP) and the sector is being used for comparative analysis.

Population Density by Sector in Gasabo District 2015-2020

The projections, with data taken from the official provider ( NISR) shows, a clear trend that Gasabo District will be pressured by increased population. By year 2020, the south- western part of the district will have a higher population density than the north and eastern parts.


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1.3 Mayor’s Foreword Insert the Mayor’s ambitions and guiding principles for the preparations and the implementation of the IDDP in English, French and Kinyarwanda. The phrasing could go like this:

This is a new concept for district planning aligned and harmonized with the National Land Use and Development Master Plan. Integrated District Development Planning (IDDP) is one of the key tools for local government to manage its new developmental role. In contrast to the relatively narrow role planning had in the past, integrated development planning is now seen as a function of district management, as part of an integrated system of planning and delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at decisions on issues such as district budgets, land management, promotion of local economic development and institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative, systematic and strategic manner. Integrated District Development Plans,

however, will not only inform the district management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of any agency from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs and the private sector within the district area.

The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more effective delivery of both district and other services to communities, and the creation of a framework for economic and social development in the district. A number of links also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental outcomes.

1.4 National and District Objectives to Be Focused on/Prioritized/Implemented during the Planning Period 2012-2017 Vision 2020 The Vision 2020 is aspiration and determination of Rwandans, to construct a united, democratic and inclusive Rwandan identity, after so many years of authoritarian and exclusivist dispensation. We aim, through this Vision, to transform our country into middle - income nation in. which Rwandans are healthier, educated and generally more prosperous. The Rwanda we seek is one that is united and competitive both regionally and locally To achieve this, the Vision 2020 identifies six interwoven pillars, including good governance and efficient State, skilled human capital, vibrant private sector, world-class physical infrastructure and modern agriculture and livestock, all geared towards national, regional and global markets. This Vision is a result of a national consultative process conducted between 1997 and 2000. These discussions and debates involved Rwandans from all walks of life, including leadership of all levels in the business community, government, academia and civil society. Please refer to Appendix 1 for the entire Vision 2020.


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Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) Rwanda’s Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) is both a document and a process. As a document, the EDPRS sets out the country’s objectives, priorities and major policies for the next five years (2008-2012). It provides a road map to government, development partners, the private sector and civil society which indicates where Rwanda wants to go, what it needs to do to get there, how it is going to do it, what the journey is going to cost and how it will be financed. The strategy provides a medium-term framework for achieving the country’s long term development aspirations as embodied in Rwanda Vision 2020, the seven year Government of Rwanda (GoR) programme, and the Millennium Development Goals. It is in this regard therefore that District programmes and projects should be mirrored into and aligned with the national visions and strategies. Please refer to Appendix 2 for the entire document. The NICI – 2010 Plan As a key aspect of its ICT Policy and Strategy for developing the Rwandan information society and economy, the Government Of Rwanda (GOR) is committed to putting in place and implementing four 5 year National Information and Communications Infrastructure (NICI) Plans, (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th NICI) over the 20 year time span of the Vision 2020 socio-economic development programme. The goals of the NICI- PLAN are: To Support the development of an economic base and environment for accelerated growth and development towards transforming Rwanda into an information-rich knowledge-based society and economy; To support the strengthening of the economic base and improving the economic environment to accelerate development and growth towards achieving an information-rich knowledge-based society and economy; To facilitate the process of sustaining economic development and growth towards improving national prosperity and global competitiveness; To consolidate the process towards achieving a middle-income status and an information-rich knowledge-based society and economy. Please refer to Appendix 4 for the entire document.

District Profile District profiling is an attempt to present a comprehensive picture of a district’s development potentials. The assessment is based on an exercise undertaken by about 50 stakeholders from authorities and donors with extensive knowledge about the conditions in Rwanda. (See the PLAN Part II, Chapter 13: ‘Consultation’). The idea is that the information can guide both public and private investments utilizing this nature driven and man made capacity for a specific District.. The map below indicates that the more intense graphic resolution the more potential are found in the District. Please observe that this is a first attempt that hopefully can trigger collaboration between ministerial and departmental stakeholders. For example, the map on page 16, indicates that there is a shared opinion that Kayonza District has potentials as regards to agriculture. In terms of accessibility, Rwanda is a small country as regards to the land area. From most District Centres to Kigali it is not more than 3 hours drive to Kigali City. The ICT sector is busy rolling out a fiber optic network around the country which will make for example e-office a real opportunity in the near future. With a determined and focused approach to improve (national) road system in combination with improved regional public transport, the District Centres will have comfortable access to the Kigali City. Below is an example, from Gasabo DDP. Gasabo District is one of the 3 Districts of Kigali City which constitutes one of the thirty (30) local entities formed after the February 2006 administrative reform. With fifteen (15) Sectors, 73 Cells and 501 Villages (Imidugudu), it came into existence as a result of the fusion of ancient District of Gasabo, Kacyiru, Gisozi, Kabuga . it is composed of 10 Sectors of Cyuga, Jabana, Kabuye and Ngiryi, . It is situated in the North East of Kigali City, the capital of Rwanda. It is delimited in the South by Kicukiro District; in the North by the Districts of Rulindo and Gicumbi; to the East, by the District of Rwamagana and to the West by the District of Nyarugenge. It has a surface area of 428 km² and is currently inhabited by 467678 people. From this configuration, the District has a dual nature of rural and urban zones. The rural zone represents over 90% of the surface of the District with 66% of the entire population which sometimes negatively impacts on the pace of urbanisation and development of the District. In comparison with Nyarugenge district, Gasabo has a more rural profile for instance, about 9.6 percent of built up area with a density of 1093 persons per km2 compared


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to 13.3 percent of built up area and a density of 2582 km2 for Nyarugenge, it has high potential for agriculture unlike Nyarugenge.

# Unique ID DISTRICT NAME No

Density (Pop/

sqKm) sqKm% of total

Land

1 0507 BUGESERA 1 222 318543 261 13,54 1,12 0404 BURERA 566 383003 677 2,46 0,43 0402 GAKENKE 703 384536 547 0,91 0,14 0102 GASABO 428 467678 1093 41,13 9,65 0503 GATSIBO 1 277 338461 265 41,13 3,26 0405 GICUMBI 827 429520 519 41,13 5,07 0202 GISAGARA 679 309778 456 2,42 0,48 0204 HUYE 582 312049 537 10,90 1,99 0208 KAMONYI 656 333074 508 1,62 0,2

10 0301 KARONGI 785 250420 319 3,27 0,411 0504 KAYONZA 1 365 303237 222 16,79 1,212 0103 KICUKIRO 167 273997 1644 30,50 18,313 0505 KIREHE 1 155 342955 297 23,57 2,014 0207 MUHANGA 648 316956 489 5,16 0,815 0403 MUSANZE 404 366667 907 10,61 2,616 0506 NGOMA 813 280732 345 9,30 1,117 0305 NGORORERO 618 337020 546 1,85 0,318 0304 NYABIHU 395 320444 812 3,73 0,919 0502 NYAGATARE 1 753 304608 174 15,20 0,920 0205 NYAMAGABE 1 090 334343 307 3,03 0,321 0307 NYAMASHEKE 733 388105 529 1,22 0,222 0201 NYANZA 672 268911 400 3,65 0,523 0101 NYARUGENGE 134 345802 2582 17,77 13,324 0203 NYARUGURU 792 279635 353 0,94 0,125 0303 RUBAVU 179 349443 1951 11,26 6,326 0206 RUHANGO 627 293537 468 2,96 0,527 0401 RULINDO 567 300025 529 0,75 0,128 0306 RUSIZI 560 396366 708 1,79 0,329 0302 RUTSIRO 520 315660 607 0,97 0,230 0501 RWAMAGANA 655 263291 402 4,81 0,7

TOTAL: 21 571 9 908 796 324,38648 10,81 2,4563 8,70 1,2

Estimated Population 2010

AVERAGE EXCLUDING KIGALI CITYAVERAGE

Built-Up Area

Land (sqKm)*

DISTRICT URBANIZATION ANALYSIS

DISTRICT

In the example on the next page the development potentials for kayonza district is found (taken as an extract from the Plan). The potentials in a national comparison if applicable in the IDDP it is possible to detail the potential per sector. For example tourism would be more apparent in Mwiri and Murundi sectors.


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Performance indicators can be developed in line with national visions and targets to assess the implementation of IDDP based on the existing situation according to the

national priorities. The table below illustrates some of the key indicators and assessment tools that can be used in a pilot district context.

Some Performance Indicators and Assessment Tools for Kayonza District Indicators Situation

whole Country 2010

Situation 2012

Situation

2017

Vision 2020

Observation

Population Projections 10,356,000 11,074,000 12,436,000 13,266,000

% Share of population living in extreme poverty 60 40 30

% of total population living in imudugudu 30 50 70

Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) 107 80 50

% of households having access to clean drinking water 80 90 100

HIV prevalence (% of adults aged 15-24) 3 2.5 1.5

% of pupils sitting national exams in primary year 6 75 100 100

Pupil/teacher ratio in primary schools 65 45 35

% of total population living in urban areas 30 35 50

Degree of Informal settlement ……

ADD MORE..

70 50 30


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1.5 Sector Needs Assessment A. Education, Youth, Sport and Culture Development of human capital and offering equal opportunities in education will be crucial to the district in order to support economic reforms. The education sector thus is a key instrument for preventing structural unemployment and social inequality.

The main vision for Rwanda is to offer its inhabitants a long term qualitative educational system. By 2020 Rwanda will have a modern and attractive educational system offering lifelong learning and providing the skills required for pushing the economy forward. Education supply needs to address technological changes and should support the goal of implementing an Information Society, The educational system will also be able to guarantee every citizen excellent and responsive curricula, high-quality teaching and a first-rate labor market connection.

In order to achieve these goals, it is imperative to set guidelines for the educational sector which create connections with the labor market and society’s future needs. According to the Rwandan constitution, education is a principal right for all citizens and offered for free. Education is compulsory until the end of basic education, i.e. nine years, and those continuing to higher education are free to select any field of study. The fact that the state has assumed the responsibility to provide education for all for free and also offers a high degree of individual freedom constitutes an important basis for individual development.

The implementation of the Nine Year Basic Education program demands for increased numbers of trained teachers, more learning materials and more classrooms. The challenge is to develop effective implementation strategies, improved quality, expanded capacity and managed growth (ESSP 2006 – 2010).

Table 1: Indicators of quality education in primary schools.

Category 2005 2006 2007 2008 Standard

No. of teachers 26,944 28,474 29,059 33158 % of qualified teachers 94% 98% 98% 91% 100 Pupil/ teacher ratio 69 71 74 66 46 Pupil/ teacher qualified ratio 74 73 75 73 Pupil /classroom ratio 62 66 70 71 46

Source: NISR 20091


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The two Maps from Kayonza District below with catchment radius of education facilities are examples of land use implications on service provision from a sector. One showing 2 Km proposed maximum walking distance between a primary schools and a student’s home, and another one showing 3

Km distance between existing secondary schools. The figure above illustrates the analyses that can be made at District planning using GIS

Distribution of Primary Schools in Kayonza District 2010


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Distribution of Secondary School in Kayonza District 2010


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The table below indicates the main characteristics of schools in Kayonza District.

Unique ID for school Name of school Sector Cell

Level of school: preparatory; elementary; secondary; tertiary

Type of school; public; private;

Site ownership: titled; untitled

Number of Students

Number of Teachers

Number of classrooms

SCH_ID SCH_NM SECT NM CELL_NM SCH_LEV SCH_TP OWNER NO NO NO

001

GAHINI

Gahini

Rugarama Elementary Public

Untitled

1043 25 13 002 GS GAHINI Gahini Rugarama Secondary Private Titled 478 10 10 003 ES FAWE Gahini Gihinga Secondary Private Titled 502 11 12 004 JULU Gahini Julu Elementary Public Untitled 1303 24 20 005 RWINKUBA Gahini Bugarama Elementary Public Untitled 664 10 8 006 CYINZOVU Kabarondo Cyinzovu Elementary Public Untitled 885 20 10 007 ES KABARONDO Kabarondo Rurama Secondary Public Titled 799 11 14 008 IDBK Kabarondo Kabarondo Secondary Private Titled 672 16 10 009 RUTARE Mukarange Rugendabari Elementary Public Untitled 835 16 15 010 MUKARANGE PROTESTANT Mukarange Nyagatovu Elementary Private Titled 592 10 10 011 MUKARANGE CATHOLIQUE Mukarange Nyagatovu Elementary Private Titled 1021 17 20 012 ES CYARUBARE Murama Bunyetongo Secondary Public Untitled 295 6 6 013 BUHABWA Murundi Buhabwa Elementary Public Titled 1030 25 12 014 RYAMANYONI Murundi Ryamanyoni Elementary Public Untitled 1487 23 19 015 ESW KARAMBI Murundi Karambi Secondary Private Titled 640 12 11 016 NYAWERA Mwiri Nyawera Elementary Public Untitled 835 13 12 017 NDEGO II Ndego Karambi Elementary Public Untitled 793 18 10 018 ES NYAMIRAMA Nyamirama Murambi Secondary Public Untitled 362 6 7 019 RWINKWAVU Rwinkwavu Mbarara Elementary Public Untitled 1096 16 18 020 NKONDO I Rwinkwavu Nkondo Elementary Public Untitled 849 12 10


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Physical Condition: Fair; Poor; Critical.

Electricity: Yes; No

Water pipeline

ICT Laboratory: Yes; No

Library: Yes; No

Name of headmaster

Telephone: Yes; No Photo

COND ELC WT LAB LIB NM TEL PHO

Fair No Yes No No John 577054 Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Joseph 573086 Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Mary 578732 Fair No No No No jules 579468 Fair No Yes No No Bosco 573495 Poor No No No No Peter 578943 Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Tom 578210 Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Ange 573041 Poor No No No No Mary 574238 Fair No Yes No No Marcel 578193 Fair No Yes No No Joseph 586497 Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Faustin 5789412 Fair No Yes No No Paul 576032 Poor No Yes No No Jeanne 572901 Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes JMV 586794 Critical No No No No Viviane 576828 Fair No Yes No No Vianney 507843 Fair No Yes No Yes Rose 578213 Fair No No No No Omar 574896 Critical No No No No Bagabo 576498


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The overall condition is defined based on the criteria in the table below:

PHYSICAL COND ELECTRICITY WATER INTERNET

Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes Poor Poor No Yes No Critical Critical No No No

For example, in a case where there is no electricity, water and internet, then the physical condition of the school is regarded as critical, but if it has electricity, water and internet then, the physical conditions are fair and planning actions can be taken accordingly. The map below summarises the condition of schools in Kayonza District based on the criteria above.


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B. Health, Gender, Family Promotion and Child’s Protection The health care sector includes health care facilities, accessibility to treatment and the supply of medical personnel. However, good human health condition is more than absence of illness and infirmity, implying that the discussion on health issues needs to consider other aspects than the supply of health care alone. For instance some of other factors to be considered are; availability and access to health care units/ centres, affordability and quality of services offered are paramount issues to be considered in planning for better health services.

LANDUSE IMPLICATION AT DISTRICT LEVEL

Maximum walking distance between medical centers: maximum walking distance set by Ministry of Health is five (5) kilometers, which should not take more than one hour.

According to health survey conducted by Ministry of Health, it was found out that 65% of Rwanda’s population has access to health facilities within the limits of the set standards. However, 35% still lack health facilities within their proximity as per the standard maximum walking distance. in reality one say that 5km between health facilities is sufficient considering factors like; the number of qualified health workers need for each health facility, the need for equipments, and the economy of Rwanda in general.

Number of beds per 1000 inhabitants: The standard number of beds in Rwanda for any admitting health facility is 1/1000 inhabitants. This number is too small to accommodate the actual population demand for health facilities. Considering other factors like; the efforts the government of Rwanda has invested in providing

health insurances to the general public, it is evident that 1/1000 inhabitant standard bed number is too small. This is due to the fact that, since almost 95% in Rwanda have health insurance, people find it cheap to go for health services.

Basing on the factors above, 5 beds per 1000 inhabitant is proposed to ensure quality service provision

Example in a District Development Plan The development Map below shows a catchment radius of 5 Km average walking distance set by Ministry of Health to health facilities which is relatively good in the most populated areas, however, the eastern part of the district is poorly supplied with health services. Consequently, priorities for future allocation should be the eastern part of the district.

Vision 2020 health indicators and projections

0 20 40 60 80 100

Literacy level

Child malnutrition(Insufficiency in %)

Population growthrate (%)

HIV/AIDSprevalence rate (%)

Malaria-relatedmortality (%)

Indi

cato

r

PercentageBaseline 2000 Target 2010 Target 2020 International level


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The table below is an example on how data can be collected to illustrate the main characteristics of health facilities in Kayonza District:

Unique ID for health facility

Name of health facility

Name of Sector Name of Cell

Type of health facility: District hospitaL (DH); Health Centre (HC); Dispensary (D)

Ownership of health facility: public; private


Water : Yes; No

Internet Connection:

Yes; No Incinerator:

Yes; No

Physical Conditions

of the Facility:

Fair; Poor; Critical

Name of Medical Health Officer

Telephone: Yes;No Photo

ID NM SCT_NM CELL_NM HEAL_TP HEAL_OWN ELT WPIP INT INC CON HEAL_ADM HEAL_TEL PHO

001 Mukarange Mukarange Kayonza HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Kazungu 747473 002 Gahini Gahini Kahi DH Private Yes Yes Yes Yes Fair Kamana 747474 003 Rutare Mukarange Rugendabare HC Public Yes no No Yes Fair Mpyisi 747475 004 Kabarondo Kabarondo Rusera HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Mahama 747476 005 Ruramira Ruramira Umubuga HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Robert 747477 006 Nyakabungo Mwiri Migera HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Gakwisi 747478 007 Rwinkwavu Rwinkwavu Mukoyoyo DH Public no Yes No Yes Poor Nshuti 747479 008 Gahini Gahini Juru HC Public no no No No Poor Sharangabo 747480 009 Ndego Ndego Byimana HC Public Yes no No Yes Fair Mahire 747481 010 Cyarubare Kabare Rubimba HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Bienvenu 747482 011 Rwinkwavu Rwinkwavu Mbarara HC Public Yes Yes Yes Yes Fair Manzi 747483 012 Karama Murama Murama HC Public Yes Yes No No Critical Gaga 747484 013 Ryamanyoni Murundi Karambi HC Public no Yes No Yes Poor Bora 747485 014 Rukara Rukara Rwimishinya HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Sehene 747486

A simplified presentation of the conditions of existing health care units can be made in the same way as for the education services, scoring electricity, water, incinerators, physical conditions…….


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Distribution of Health Facilities in Kayonza District 2010


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Fair conditions = scoring 4 yes

Poor conditions = scoring 3 yes

Critical conditions = scoring 1 yes

It is clear that a high-quality national health status is relying on good governance of health care and on the shaping of a healthy, safe and secure environment for all citizens. The health care sector needs well-designed strategies to facilitate the establishment of a professional, healthy and capable workforce.

C. Economic Development and Job Promotion Today there are about 450 trading centers, markets and combined trade centres with markets, see for example a mapped representation in Part II Chapter 6: ‘’Economy and Labour Market’’ . However, proper attribute information about the trading capacity and access to technical infrastructure is nowhere to found. The Plan proposes that some of these should play a more active roles in the future to connect trade of rural products locally, in a regional and national contexts and even to some extent for the international market.

Consequently, about 300 sites with existing market and trade centre – ‘(Rural) Market Centres’ – has been identified and is found on the Plan’s Directives Map’.

The selection criteria are as follows: The centre must be located in close proximity to a main

(national/district?) road; at least 10 Km away from a centre of similar function.

A site within what has been defined for urban development of District Centres is recommended to have priority over adjacent location.

The centre must have at least one substantial value-added manufacturing enterprise or large scale distribution depot within its boundary which "exports" goods or services to its hinterland.

It should be observed that the priorities at the moment are just a result of a desk top GIS analysis. As in many similar proposals found in the Plan’s, the proposed Market Centres should be scrutinized by the District authorities and result in adoption in the IDDP. Likewise, a study area for development around the location should be earmarked in the IDDP and no major land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. An Action Area Plan shall be prepared and approved by District Council before implementation.

Below is a schematic sketch of the design and components of a Market Centre.


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Distribution of Trading Centres in Kayonza District.


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The table below indicates the main characteristics of Trading Centres in Kayonza District

Unique ID for the trading centre

Name of the trading centre

Type of the trading centre: with a market; market only.

Physical condition: fair;poor;critical

Number of vendors

Annual revenue fees (Rwf)

Waste management: fair; poor; critical

Parking arrangement: fair; poor; critical

Photo of the trading centre

TC_ID TC_NM TC_TP TC_COND NO FRW WST_MGT PKG_ARGT TC_PHO

1 Kabarondo with a market Fair 2000 25,000,000 Fair Fair

2 Mukarange with a market Fair 3450 50,000,000 Fair Fair

3 Rukara with a market Poor 2453 15,000,000 Poor Poor

4 Murama with a market Fair 1564 13,000,000 Poor Poor

5 Murundi with a market Critical 756 10,000,000 Critical Critical


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AGRICULTURE

Looking at overall poverty-reduction effects, based on the 6% annual growth in agricultural and non –agricultural sectors, agricultural growth is more important at both the national and household levels. While agriculture contributes 50% of total GDP growth, it also contributes over 60% of the reduction in national poverty rate.

According to the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, many of the soils have been degraded due to high rainfall, uneven relief conducive to erosion and over farming. More than half of the soils in Rwanda are, thus, unsuitable for intensive cropping. Best soils for agricultural purposes are found in parts of the Central Plateau, the Volcanic Region, Bugarama and part of the Mutara region. Consequently the Binding Directives Map identifies these areas of national interest for agriculture development; see Textbook Chapter 2 “Binding Directives”.

In spite of the degradation of soils, the agro-processing industry in Rwanda has a potential to meet both local needs and expand Rwanda’s export sector. There are mainly four strategic opportunities, which are cross cutting and can support the development of agriculture sector, here is an overview:

The strategy for the development of this sector must emphasize techniques combining development of urban and intensive farming in rural areas to counter the decrease in cultivatable land which is rapidly being converted into urban housing estates.

Priority crops include cassava, beans, sorghum and bananas. In small swamps, the population grow legumes, like cabbages, onions, tomatoes, eggplants etc. The promotion of modern farming has not yet taken root in all Sectors, except radical

In the urban areas there are small agricultural activities like growing of legumes on individual basis in marshlands of the District. Nevertheless, there are certain swamps which, if transformed into agriculture use can be used intensive agriculture. The farmers shall be mobilised to grow crops suitable for existing markets.

The Map below exemplifies best agricultural zones in Kayonza District:


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D. Administration and Good Governance

• Good Governance should promote nodal development and decentralization to offset the impacts of migration to major urban centers and to create a broader distribution of employment and development alternatives.

• Create livable communities that thrive with a sense of belonging, safety and security for all citizens. Center the residential neighborhoods around schools and other necessary public services.

• Optimize mixed-use neighborhood, community centers to encourage easy pedestrian access to services and jobs. Realize the goals through combined and integrated effort of the public, the private sector, and the local community working together

Local Communities can and must play a leading role in development, especially in reducing poverty and in promoting participatory process. This Sector faces various challenges linked to lack of adequate administrative infrastructure. The Sector offices require urgent rehabilitation. Only seven Sectors out of fifteen can function without financial assistance from Gasabo District, which is a major handicap to their autonomy. A total of eleven Sectors don’t possess an electronic system of writing civil status information and therefore do it manually. The overall conditions are a big number of vulnerable persons who require assistance keep growing at a time when the District and Sectors cannot cope with the high demand. A big number of suspected genocidaires still weigh heavily on the conscious and social tissue of the District. The principles of good governance and democracy, transparency, dialogue and «accountability » have not yet been assimilated The Map below shows administrative offices and their conditions base on the indicators shown in the table below.

Unique ID for administrative unit

Name of administrative unit

Name of official in charge

Lot area (Sq.M)

Building area (Sq.M)

Multi purpose hall: Yes; No

ADM_ID ADM_NM ADM_OFF L_AREA BLG_AREA MLTP_HL

Physical condition: critical; poor; fair


Water: Yes; No

Internet connection: Yes; No

Building Photo

CON ELT WT INT PHO The overall condition is defined based on the criteria in the table below:

PHYSICAL CONDITION ELECTRICITY WATER INTERNET

Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes Poor Poor No Yes No Critical Critical No No No

For example, in a case where there is no electricity, water and internet, then the physical condition of the administrative office is regarded as critical, but if it has electricity, water and internet then, the physical conditions are fair and planning actions can be taken accordingly.


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. E. Infrastructure, Water, Land, Housing and Urban Development Integrated urban planning process. Urban development as a results from any urbanization process is neither limited to physical infrastructure nor to housing estates. It also hinges on economic, political, social and institutional factors. Urban development requires to avail - also at local level - suitable planning and regulatory tools, to build capacity and to mobilize both for public and private sector involvement the required financial means and resources to plan and to improve urban and rural settlements - this towards improving people’s living conditions including those of the less advantaged majority. It is also indicated that directed, planned and controlled urbanization should be considered as an opportunity and a driving force for development - each town is to be given a specific objective, e.g. tourism, industry and culture), and its architectural designs will take such objectives into account. Imidugudu Development In the framework of preserving land for optimal use, Rwandan Government has been implementing the policy of clustered habitat (Imidugudu). In the urban as well as rural areas, all new constructions are being compulsorily clustered on a plot located in a specific area allocated for this purpose. Even constructions to be rehabilitated are compulsorily transferred to the area mentioned above. Accordingly, it is foreseen that future, dwelling constructions will be totally located off most arable land.

In the same vein, no construction is allowed in swampy areas. Several marshlands, however, are being prepared and others are used for producing food crops such as cereals, vegetables and flowers.

The development of a sustainable human settlement policy in Rwanda aimed at Umudugudu-oriented planning based on a participatory approach and an urban planning requiring land security and area allocations. The same planning took into consideration the complementarity between urban and rural development. Moreover, it should ensure to all Rwandans decent housings as well as more salubrious, viable, equitable, sustainable and productive human facilities. The projected policy is likely to

reduce the existing gap in accessing infrastructure and social services; to involve and make local authorities and the community more aware of their responsibilities with regard to the development and management of the settlement by means of endogenous building technologies and production of cheap, sufficient and decent local materials. Besides, the policy shall be a platform to put in place sound mechanisms for mobilizing internal and external resources needed for a long-term funding of affordable settlements. The policy shall be endowed with an institutional framework, adapted and flexible legal and regulatory instruments that meet the great demand and technical requirements of rational planning. (Updated National Human Settlement Policy 2009)

Umudugudu is defined as a mode of planned settlement made of between 100 and 200 houses by site in rural areas. Measurements of plot reserved for « Umudugudu » range from 10 to 20 hectares with a possibility or capacity of extension and as far as possible a space provided for various non-agricultural activities so as to allow the population to earn their lives. The combination of all these elements constitutes the Umudugudu An Action Area Plan should be prepared for the proposed imidugudu sites following the guidelines in the plan. (See Appendix 4).

Consolidation of villages and rural centres aims at providing facilities and other supporting infrastructure in these sites. The objective of this programme is to bring all the sites in Umidugudu to an acceptable level in terms of access to social and economic services. Lack of access to clean water has been cited as the main complaint against most of the first imidugudu established in the past. Priority must therefore be given to water supply in the villages and existing rural centres. Water supply networks established in the framework of scattered settlement system must be readapted to this new fact.

Besides water, villages should be provided with energy sources such as (biogas, solar energy, Aeolian, micro-stations) and connected to the national power network, where possible. Research must be carried out on renewable energy such as solar and wind energy so as to improve the housing and work conditions in villages.

A systematic Imidugudu Rural Settlement guidelines are currently being prepared, see Appendix 4 of the National Land Use and Development Master Plan.


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The map below shows the distribution of Imidugudu site in Kayonza district


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Umujyi Implementation Sustainable District Centre Development Integrated District Development Planning (IDDP) is one of the key tools for local government to manage its new developmental role. In contrast to the relatively narrow role planning had in the past, integrated development planning is now seen as a function of district management, as part of an integrated system of planning and delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at decisions on issues such as district budgets, land management, promotion of local economic development and institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative, systematic and strategic manner. Integrated Development Plans, however, will not only inform the district management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of any agency from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs and the private sector within the district area.

The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more effective delivery of both district and other services to communities, and the creation of a framework for economic and social development in the district. A number of links also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental outcomes.

Integrated development planning should also function as a catalyst for wealth creation and distribution. It is intended to assist in the promotion of socio-economic development through providing a more predictable framework within which governmental, private or foreign investments will more easily be attracted. It will also facilitate the creation of a more investor –friendly environment and the promotion of local economic development.

Integrated development planning is a means of improving the quality of people’s lives through the implementation of integrated and sustainable programs and projects. It is

a cross-cutting process that seeks to co-ordinate and align all dimensions and sectors engaged in development by formulating integrated development strategies that are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable.

Integrated development planning is intended to lay a new foundation for community-building, through inclusively creating a shared vision for the future development of the District area jurisdiction. It should focus on developing consensus around strategic developmental priorities, ideally transcending party-political debates and fostering a new grasp of, and commitment to the challenges of poverty alleviation, local economic development and environmental sustainability.

Integrated development planning is also a strategic framework that is intended to improve District governance through aligning the financial resources and human capacity of the district with the implementation of strategies, programs and projects that aim to address the prioritized needs of the more deprived, while maintaining the existing infrastructure and economic activities in the district.

It is, most fundamentally, a mechanism to achieve local government transformation. The planning process will determine the strategies and functions that will inevitably lead to changes to district structures, forms and processes, resulting in a range of operational strategies that should ensure that the district is able to deliver effectively, efficiently and economically on the development priorities, objectives, strategies, programs and projects identified in the planning process. However, this will be an incremental process.

Integrated development planning is a vehicle to expedite delivery. The consultative process is intended to ensure a well-informed, fast-track decision-making process that addresses areas of conflict as they arise at grass-roots level, and broadens the sense of ownership of the outcome.

Informal Settlement Upgrading Informal settlements are complex, dynamic social systems that, in many cases, experience continual change. In occupying land informally, residents are often prepared to flout the law in the hope of improving their lives. Accordingly, there are a few general characteristics that an external agent should be aware of prior to

intervening in a particular settlement. In general, in an informal settlement, the internal social and political dynamics tend to be characterized by both solidarity and schism. While solidarity may prevail in dealings with the external agents, schisms occur within community groupings in the implementation of deals made with the authorities and in the day-to-day operation of a settlement. The quality of leadership and the power


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wielded by community leaders is an important factor in upgrading projects. In many cases, it is naïve to think that a project can be set up that will “solve the problem” on time and within a defined budget. While recognizing that such situations can at best be alleviated rather than solved, both social and spatial information are critical in assessing a situation and initiating appropriate strategies for improvement.

The legal integrity of a system of enforceable agreements requires that official land tenure records be held to be legitimate by all parties concerned. Otherwise, the record, and indeed the system, has little value as a land administration resource. One way of cultivating such legitimacy is to make the processes of data acquisition and information management participatory and transparent. To further enhance the legitimacy of the information, it is also important that community members are able to understand it General Description Models for the development of registered land rights in urban areas will differ according to the actual situation in the area. In principle the following alternative situations can be identified:

Iimprovement of the registered land rights in areas where formal rights to land already exist;

Introduction of a registered land rights for new development areas;

Introduction of a registered land rights in areas with informal rights to land ;

Informal rights recognized by legislation;

Informal rights based on traditional tenure;

Informal rights are illegal. The differences between the areas mainly concern the legal situation regarding land tenure. These differences will not be further analyzed here. Instead a model is

proposed, which focuses on the more technical parts of cadastral activities. Before application of the model, the legal situation regarding land tenure must be clarified and the model adapted to the legal situation.

Upgrading of an informal area will include an element of resettlement of individual families living in the area. If resettlement is necessary, new areas for housing need to be identified and people need to be motivated to move. These processes, which form part of many upgrading projects, are not further analyzed here.

In upgrading projects, the question of registration of land rights ought to be tackled first before water, road or any other infrastructure is being upgraded. The improvements will increase the value of the area as a whole and of each specific property in the area. With increased estate values there is a great risk that disputes concerning ownership of buildings and boundaries will arise. If the inhabitants of the settlement get security of tenure, it is more likely that they will participate fully in the upgrading, as they feel safe that they can stay on their plots. The sense of security will also increase the desire to improve their own buildings and the environment.

Properly registered tenure in a settlement makes it possible to charge rates from the owners, which can be used to cover the cost of maintenance of the water system and other investments in infrastructure. Without such registration it is difficult to control the growth of the settlement. Improvements will attract more people to settle which might make problems worse if the informal tenure is not registered. . Comprehensive Inventory It would be an advantage if a comprehensive inventory should be performed. It is obvious that such compilation is not found today,. The end result should be a presentation of existing urban areas within the district centres with a high proportion of informal settlements with a low degree of tenure security. To be able to make priorities, a special matrix for notational topology of urban categories, degree of security and associated property rights (or other relevant systematic classification) should be conducted the municipal planning offices and the units for Settlement. Further, other stakeholders such as NGOs involved in community development should be invited to provide information. At this initial stage it will be a desktop


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exercise using secondary source information and without involving the dwellers in the areas.

At the same time it is recommended to map ‘vacant’ land which tentatively might suitable (and available) for new residential areas for low-income groups.

The table below illustrates the conditions of the Informal Settlement

Unique ID for Info-Settl

Names of Info-Settl

Name of Sector

Name of Cell

NO of Households

Tenure Category

Basic Service: electricity,water;school,health

center,roads Yes; No

Environmental Con:

fair,poor,critical Photo ID

NM SCT_NM CELL_NM

HH_NO

TENURE SER_TP

CON

PHOT

1 cyimicanga cyimihurura muhoza 200 customary ELT, WT poor 2 gitega gitega cyahafi 250 customry ELT,WT,HC poor


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Transportation; A core emphasis is necessarily on roads; high quality roads replacing the existing roads and with new or upgraded roads connecting settlements. Roads and road right-of-ways are the most important element of the transport system, and their safety is a prime characteristic. So far the Plan preparation has not come across a set of Nation

Road Standards that should be applied for new roads and upgrading of roads. It is there recommended for national sector planning as well for District and Urban Development Plan that standards for the road system are agreed on and applied in the future

The table below illustrates the condition of roads in Rubavu District

Unique ID for the road

Road Name

Road class; National; District; Sector

Road length(km)

Road type; Tarred; Untarred

Physical condition of the road; Fair; Poor; Critical

ID RD_NM RD_CLS RD_LNG RD_TYP PHY_CON

DR 1 Rubavu-Musanze

60 Tarred Fair

DR 2 Gisenyi-Goma

3 Tarred Poor

DR 3 Rubavu-Karongi

40 Untarred Critical


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Energy;

Inadequate and expensive electricity supply constitutes a limiting factor to development. Diesel generators used to produce electricity were hired by the government to compensate power shortage resulting in the degradation of wetlands (Rugezi) and were run at 65000 USD a day for fuel. In addition, imported petroleum products consume more than 40% of foreign exchange.

Furthermore, wood is the source of energy for the big majority of the population, which leads to massive deforestation and soil destruction.

Therefore, Rwanda will have to increase energy production and diversify into alternative energy sources.

To achieve this, Rwanda has considerable hydroelectric potential, in addition to large deposits of renewable methane gas in Lake Kivu, estimated at 60 billion cubic metres. Proposals have been received by MININFRA for a gas (methane) to liquid fuel project. In rural areas direct solar energy or photovoltaic energy can be used, whilst up to 1/3 of 155 million tons of peat deposit is currently exploitable.

The district has objectives during 2012-2017 of ; increasing access to electricity for enterprises and households, and ensuring security of power supply. The targets for 2017 are to increase number of electricity connected households and enterprises from 70,000 to 200,000 for the former and from 45 MW to 50 MW for the latter.

In 2020, the target is that the percentage of Wood energy in the national energy consumption will decrease from 94% in 2000 to 50% in 2020 (In 2009, the current consumption of wood is estimated to be 80.4 %.). Per capita consumption of electricity is expected to grow from 30kWh to 100kWh in 2020 and also Rwanda projects that by 2020, at least 35 % of the population will be connected to electricity (up from 2% in 2000 and currently estimated at 9% (in 2009).

Rwanda has considerable hydroelectric potential, in addition to large deposits of renewable methane gas in Lake Kivu, estimated at 60 billion cubic metres. In rural areas direct solar energy or photovoltaic energy can be used, whilst up to 1/3 of 155 million tons of peat deposit is currently exploitable.


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The Map below shows the distribution of Power lines and Transformers in Gasabo District. It also presents proposed power lines to be built during the planning period based on RECO”s Sector Development Program.


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An energy system optimization model was run to present different power supply scenarios that are economically and environmentally optimal for Rwanda in the year 2020. As a result, annual fuel consumption, annual electricity supply, electrical power generation and annual heat supply are presented.

The scenarios which are analyzed with this model are the Low Growth and the High Growth Scenarios. Total current electricity capacities are calculated to approximately 85.3 MW. In 2020 the calculated total required electricity capacities for the Low Growth and High Growth Scenarios are 170 MW and 438 MW respectively, which means that current electricity capacity needs to be doubled and tripled respectively to meet the forecasted electricity needs in the Low Growth and High Growth Scenarios in the year 2020.

Waste Management Solid waste Estimates from 2006 put the amount of municipal solid waste generated in Kigali at 0.6kg, / person / day. If this figure is extrapolated across all urban centers, the annual generation of municipal waste is approximately 940 Tones/day2. Around 75% of all household waste in Kigali is organic3. No data exists for waste generation, collection or handling outside Kigali. It is assumed that in rural areas, organic waste makes up a larger proportion of the waste stream.

Figure 1: The land-fill at Nyanza collects around 100 tons of waste per day

2 In reality per capita waste generation at most urban centres is likely to be lower than Kigali. The main issue is not the exact figure but the order of magnitude of waste generation and the threat from poor waste management and rising material consumption.

3 http://www.ard-rwanda.org.rw/solidwaste.htm

All solid waste is disposed of without adequate treatment or site preparation. Few urban centers have any for m of centralized collection. In Kigali, around 40% of all municipal waste is collected. Only one landfill (Nyanza) exists. This has not been designed to prevent environmental contamination and causes a number of problems including dispersal of leachates, emission of methane gas and frequent burning of waste4.

Plans exist for the site to be shutdown by 2013 and a new waste dump built. The new site will apply a modern semi-aerobic landfill technique with the ability to harvest methane. The proposed site and progress of this project is unknown.

Toxic waste Little is known about the location or extent of toxic waste. Sites of concern include the Nyanza landfill, the major hospitals, coffee processing and manufacturing sites, and fertilizer and pesticide handling stations. See Figure below for a display of known risk areas.

4 REMA (2009)


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Waste Water Almost all wastewater generated in Municipalities is untreated. Most households rely on pit latrines or septic tanks for human wastes. When septic tanks fill, they are either emptied manually nearby or transported by truck to unprepared and unmanaged dumpsites. In many cases, wastewater collection systems empty into nearby drains. Some small sewerage networks exist but data on the age, distribution and effectiveness of these is not available. The limited testing that has been conducted shows water bodies are increasingly polluted by human and animal wastes. This poses a human health risk and threatens aquatic ecosystems.

Problems from wastewater are exacerbated by the fact that many of the poorer Districts and unplanned urban areas occur close to water bodies and low-lying cropping areas. People in these settlements have no ability to build sewers, so contamination of both surface and groundwater is common.

District Planning Implications All District Centers should allocate land to the collection, storage and treatment of waste. This would include land within built up areas specifically for the collection of household waste. The volume of waste generated and access by collection vehicles should determine allocated space. Facilities such as separate bins should also be provided to allow easy separation of organic and recyclable material from the waste stream. Areas for waste collection would be allocated at the edge of dense settlements with limited vehicle access.

Districts should be mapped into local waste ‘catchments’ that reflect topography, density and type of waste generated. Specific land requirements for these facilities will depend on the population size and type of waste collected.

All larger district Centers (>50,000 people) require a landfill. Capacity should be based on population projection of the total waste catchment – including population growth in adjacent Districts that do not have a landfill.

Criteria for positioning landfills must include ease of vehicle access; drainage, flooding and land slide risk; proximity to settlements and cultivated land, and the porosity of

substrate and depth to groundwater. Landfills require a minimum buffer of 500m and should ideally be positioned further from cultivated and highly populated areas.

F. Human Resource Development and Supporting Services The major challenges in this Sector are linked to lack of experienced human resources which impacts negatively on the will of the District to deliver rapid, quality and less expensive services. The financial potential of the District has not yet been

exploited and it is believed the number of taxpayers and their capacity to pay taxes has been under estimated. Similarly both the human resource and the District financial system requires capacity building.

1.6 Risk and Suitability Analysis Compared to the existing DDPs this is a new chapter that is being introduced in the integrated district development planning.

The Risk & Suitability Analysis Information Products will focus on the limitations and potentials originating from nature and man made/enforced restrictions/ rules and regulations. These will provide the bases for some examples for the formulation of a sustainable development plan for the district area.

Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a proven method for land-use planning purposes. MCDA can be described as a process that transforms and combines geographic data and value judgments (the decision makers’ preferences) to obtain information for decision making. In the planning work the focus has been to develop a nation wide GIS model, containing all land-uses accommodated in three main land-use categories: urban, agriculture and environment.


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MCDA are often integrated in Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS). An SDSS is an application that uses analytical methods and models to define alternatives, it is able to analyze their impact, and interpret and select the best option for implementation. Three main stages in the process of land-use planning: (1) an evaluation of land suitability for each land-use type; (2) the optimization of the different land-use areas; (3) the spatial allocation of land-uses.

The GIS model is largely based on the Land-Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) model. The LUCIS model does not have a specific focus on a certain type of land-use planning, and is therefore particularly suitable for regional and countrywide planning. It consists of three general models, describing the suitability of urban, agriculture, and environment components. Finally, these three land-uses are combined to identify conflicts.. Many of the goals, objectives, and sub-objectives that described the earlier mentioned land-use categories were adopted from the original model. However, a significant number of them were dropped, and new were created to suit the Rwandan situation.

According to MINAGRI around 40% of Rwanda is at high risk of erosion with an additional 37% requiring careful maintenance. This limitation is not reflected in current land use practices. Slopes in excess of 55 degrees are cultivated in some areas. Studies in Rwanda note that slopes of more than 5 degrees require erosion control while erosion increases markedly above 15 degrees, with 25 degrees considered the steepest land that can be sustainable cultivated5. Other studies suggest slopes up to 55 degrees with deep soil may be used as a last resort if extensively terraced6. Based

on slope, the Districts most vulnerable to erosion lie in the north and west of the country. The map below shows the Districts of Gicumbi, Gakenke, Nyambihu, Rulindo and Muhanga as having the greatest proportion of land above 13 and 25 degrees.


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1.7 Public Consultation – Situation Analysis • Display public hearing • Consultation report and decisions for the next step

1.8 Proposed Land Use Development during the Planning Period 2012-2017 BINDING DIRECTIVES FOR LAND USE CHANGES OF AREAS AND HUBS OF NATIONAL INTEREST TILL 2020 This (together with the Map presenting the Final Plan, 1:250,000) is an important, maybe the most important, part of the Plan. The Draft Bill, see Appendix 1: ‘Proposed Legislation’, specifies the purpose in the following way (article 8): ‘ All government organs, including a district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted administrative entity, shall be bound by the Rwanda Land Use and Development Master Plan to adhere to its binding aspects of land use and development planning. These aspects concern land use and development and its distribution affecting also sector interest management, be they spatial or process orientated, or, otherwise, where overall national interests must precede local ones.

All government organs, including the district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted administrative entity shall be guided by the Rwanda Land Use and Development Master Plan. Such guidance concerns land uses and sector interests management, be they spatial or process orientated or otherwise, where overall national interests do

not need to precede local ones, and where the latter may be encouraged to utilize their local natural and human resource characteristics to enhance the character of local context land uses. ‘

The demarcated areas and hubs of National Interest on the Map presenting the Final Plan (1:250,000) determine and designate the location and/or nature of guiding and binding land use development 2010-2020 indicate that the specified land use has the highest priority in the concerned areas and that other land uses have to respect that. It also implies that the national sector (strategic) plans, (Integrated) District Development Plans and Urban Development Plans must show in an explicit way that they have observed the guiding and binding aspects of the Plan and the reasons behind. Once the Plan has been approved by the parliament, the responsible authorities must not propose, adopt or implement any land use in their plans that will be in conflict with the areas and hubs of national interest pointed out in the Final Plan, Land use and infrastructure development influencing or connecting to neighboring districts should be coordinated, that is aligned and harmonized, before adoption/approval of the (Integrated) District Development Plans respectively.

The Map below shows an extract of Kayonza district from the National Map of Directives for Sustainable Land Use Planning 2010-2010

R W A N D A N A T I O N A L L A N D U S E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T M A S T E R P L A N – T E X T B O O K C H A P T E R 2

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Table 2 : Binding Directives for Land Use Changes of Areas and Hubs of National Interests till 2020

CUSTODIAN Responsible authority of sector land reservation

and sector data provider noted here. Anybody else, anybody more?

.ID MAP SYMBOL

FEATURE Any feature missing on the

map?

DIRECTIVES. Do you agree with these directives below?

Green fill indicates that consultations has cleared out land use requirement /directives from the sector authority

SE SOCIO-ECONOMIC Binding regulation for the interpreter of the Plan (National and local government; general public; private investors and entrepreneurs; etc. stipulated in the new legislation.

Area and hub of national interest for sound urban development:

Reserved for urban expansion. The preparation and adoption of an Urban Development Plan (approved by District Council) should precede implementation of major land use changes.

MININFRA

SE1 Point -Prioritized District Centre for urban development

Points out the District Centres to coordinate public investments for urban development for the planning horizon up to 2020 (yellow Scenario). An Urban Development Plan shall be prepared.

The remaining District Centres to be developed if more resources are available for the planning horizon up to 2020 (Green Scenario).

MININFRA; MINALOC Which of the District Centres shall have prioritized and coordinated development support till Year 2020? Is the land consumption proposed for expansion in the Kigali Master Plan feasible and viable?

SE2 Polygon -Delineated area for urban development

Area reserved for urban development. The responsible authority is requested to establish an urban policy for sustainable development according to the Plan’s Umujyi concept. An Urban Development Plan shall be prepared.

MININFRA; MINALOC

SE3 Point (Area and) hub of national interest for education

Reserved for an Education Sector Plan initiative to provide equal distribution of tertiary education hubs in the country and to promote district development potentials. The proposed geographic location

MINEDUC Consultation has cleared out the land use requirement from the sector authority


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is an indication in a national perspective and the site location will further be looked into in the respective IDDP.

SE4 Point (Area and) hub of national interest for health.

Reserved for a Health Sector Plan initiative to provide equal distribution of secondary health hubs in the country and to promote district development potentials. The proposed geographic location is an indication in a national perspective and the site location will further be looked into in the respective IDDP.

MINISANTE Consultation has cleared out the land use requirement from the sector authority

Hub of national interest for economic development:

SE5 Point -First Priority ‘Market Centre’ (A trading centre with a market)

Reserved for the development of market activities of an existing trading centre cum market. The centre must be located in close proximity to a main (national/district?) road; at least 10 Km away from a centre of similar function. The centre must have at least one substantial value-added manufacturing enterprise or large scale distribution depot within its boundary which "exports" goods or services to its hinterland.

A study area for development around the location should be earmarked in the IDDP and no major land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. An Action Area Plan shall be prepared and approved by District (and Sector?) Council before implementation.

MINICOM What should be the criteria for selection and prioritization?

Area and hub of national interest for sustainable agriculture production.

SE6 Polygon -Valuable agriculture land Fertile land reserved for increased agricultural production to attain national food security and increased exports to improve foreign exchange earnings and employment opportunities. New development other than Imidugudu villages should be restricted, in order to preserve valuable agricultural land. Alternative sustainable solutions for technical infrastructure should be encouraged, for

MINAGRI Is there a nationwide agreed classification of farmland where the most fertile land can be identified?


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example ecological sanitation.

SE/ Point -Site purposed for Imidugudu Settlement

Two sites should be in a distance of (more than) 4 kilometers from each other.

Careful analysis to restore and maintain ecological balance should proceed establishment of the sites located at the map. An Action Area Plan shall be prepared and approved by District (and Sector?) Council before implementation.

Due to inconsistent sector data it is currently not possible to plot sites that fulfill the requirement. For more information, see Final Part Chapter 3: ‘Land Use Planning and Standards - Housing and Urbanization’.

MINALOC Is the distance criterion of 4 km as stated in the planning guidelines still relevant?

Point or polygon

Area and hub of national interest for sustainable forestry production

Reserved for increased forestry production to attain national balance between logging and planting and to form employment opportunities. Forests should be accessible for recreation. Penalty should be paid for littering and illegal cutting.

MINIFOM

SE8 -Corridor to protect and create biodiversity

No support for continued agricultural production will be provided by the government. Compensation for a landowner who wants to facilitate the land use change towards forestry land use will be given.

SE9 - Land with a slope exceeding 40 degrees

No government support for maintained agricultural production will be supported. Program for tree planting will be provided for land owner who wants to change existing farmland towards forestry land use.

Is 40 degree slope acceptable?

Point or polygon

Area and hub of national interest for sustainable mining exploitation.

Natural resource reserved for the exploitation of Rwanda’s mineral wealth within acceptable environmental parameters and encouragement of safe and healthy mining practices. An Environmental Impact Assessment must proceed implementation

MINIFOM


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MINELA Consultation has cleared out the land use requirement from the sector authority.

SE10 Point -Mineral deposits No land use change be allowed that obstructs exploitation.

What restriction regarding land use is caused by a mineral deposit?

MINELA Consultation has cleared out the land use requirement from the sector authority

SE11 Polygon -Exploration and Exploitation Concession areas

No land use change be allowed that obstructs exploitation. Please observe that some concessions are found in Protected Areas that must be resolved.

What restriction regarding land use is caused by a mineral concession?

SE12 Point or polygon

Area and hub of national interest for industrial development.

Reserved for major industrial development within acceptable environmental parameters. New residential development should not be permitted in industrial areas, in order not to impose obstacles to industrial production. Attention should be given to protect surrounding areas from negative environmental impact. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan (AAP) must precede implementation.

MINICOM Any major growth points projected outside Kigali?

MINICOM Consultation has cleared out the land use requirement from the sector authority.

SE13 Point or polygon

Area and hub of national interest for tourism development.

Prioritized for the exploitation of Rwanda’s tourist assets within acceptable environmental parameters, fully utilize the country's scenic and biophysical resources and cultural and historic sites within environmentally sustainable limits.

District with an area of national interest for tourism development shall include more details about the potentials in the IDDP. Likewise, an area shared between more than one district will prompt joint studies for inter-district harmonization of the national interest. More information about the tourist potential for an area is found in the ‘National Tourism Master Plan’.

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan shall be prepared and approved by District Council before implementation of a major tourist hub development.

A socio economic analysis should be a prerequisite to any

OK with the directive?


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implementation of a major tourist hub

IS INFRASTRUCTURE

Area and hub of national interest for transportation:

MININFRA

IS1 Polyline -Proposed new or improvement of National and District Road

A planning reserve of 60 M along both sides of the tentative alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities. .

MININFRA No uniform classification of roads is found; are there plans to align and harmonize? Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed (improved) road and if so how many meters?

IS2 Polyline -Proposed railway A planning reserve of 500 M along both sides of the tentative alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.

MININFRA; MINEAC Consultation has cleared out the land use requirement from the sector authority.

IS3 Polygon -Proposed new international airport The area includes noise polluted area not suitable for residential land use. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan (AAP) must precede implementation

MININFRA; MINEAC OK with the directive? A demarcation of the land needed for the airport area not yet found.

IS4 Area and hub of national interest for water provision and sanitation.

Reserved for major provider of water or environmentally sound waste management. No land use change that causes risk of pollution will be allowed for a water source


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IS5 Point or polygon

-(Proposed) Protected source of major water supply

Water body or ground reservoir strictly reserve for production of clean water. Efforts should be made to protect watersheds and catchment areas as a management tool for water resources conservation and protection. No activities or land uses that can pollute the source are allowed in the area. Penalty should be paid for littering and polluting.

MININFRA MINELA Does the existing protection also gives prevention for (drinkable) water production? If not shall certain water bodies be reserved in this respect?

Point or polygon

-(Proposed) Major landfill and/or recycling plant

The area includes odor polluted area not suitable for residential land use. No major land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.

MINELA/REMA OK with the directives?

IS6 Area and hub of national interest for energy/power supply:

Reserved for the provision and distribution of energy (not only electricity) on a full cost recovery basis and increase the reliability of supply and transmission to main consumption areas in the country within environmentally sustainable limits.

IS7 Polyline -Proposed surfaced gas pipeline A planning reserve of 200 M along both sides of a tentative alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.

MININFRA Any land reservations here for the period up to 2020? Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed feature and if so how many meters?

IS8 Polyline -Proposed power line A planning reserve of 100 M along both sides of a tentative alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.

MININFRA OK with the directive? s there a need for a buffer around a proposed feature and if so how many meters?

IS9 Point -Proposed energy production

No major land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan (AAP) must precede implementation.

MININFRA OK with the land reservation and the directive?

IS10 Area and hub of national interest for


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ICT:

IS 11 Point Cellular Communication Pylon Reserved for (mobile) phone transmitter. Sharing of pylons between mobile providers is a mandatory requirement which among other implies a distance of at least 1 km away from a pylon of similar function.

Regulation from Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency specifies the following:

‘Passive infrastructure sharing’ means the sharing of non-electronic infrastructure and facility. It includes sharing of physical sites, buildings, shelters, towers/masts, electric power supply and battery backup, grounding/earthling, air conditioning, security arrangement, poles, ducts, trenches.

‘Active infrastructure sharing’ means the sharing of electronic infrastructure and facility. It includes sharing of Base Transceiver Station (BTS), spectrum, antenna, feeder cable, Radio Access Network (RAN), microwave radio equipment, billing platform, switching centers, router, Base Station Controller (BSC) /Radio Network Controller (RNC), optical fiber/ wired access and backbone transmission network, database etc. ‘

MININFRA; MINICT OK with the directive?

MININFRA; MINICT No digital database available for the network.

IS12 Polyline -Fiber transmission A planning reserve of 5 M along both sides of a proposed tentative alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.

Existing data is only schematic and cannot be inserted in the map. It is recommended that responsible authorities initiates a survey that results in a GIS database showing existing and planned/proposed fiber network. OK with the directive? Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed


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feature and if so how many meters?

EN ENVIRONMENT

Area and hub of national interest to protect biodiversity:

Protected by special legislation MINELA

EN1 Polygon -Protected Wetland Discharges of untreated waste water to the water bodies or the ground should be forbidden. Waste water should either be discharged into sewerage networks or be collected in watertight reservoirs (cess-pools), and it should be treated before discharge.

MINELA What directives shall be used?

EN2 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around protected wetland

A buffer zone of 50 M around the wetland, protected by special legislation, is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed.

MINELA OK with the land reservation and the directive?

EN3 Polygon -Protected Forest Logging and charcoal production not permitted. MINELA; MINIFOM What directives shall be used?

EN4 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around protected forest

A buffer zone of 3 Km around the forest, protected by special legislation, is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. No sites for Imidugudu villages should be allocated in the buffer zone.

MINELA; MINIFOM OK with the land reservation and the directive?

EN5 Polygon Areas to be reserved to achieve Vision 2020 target of 30% forest cover of total land area

Very strong incentives by the sector authorities both at central and local levels must be provided so that the individual farmer will shift from farming to productive forestry.

MINELA; MINIFOM OK with the land reservation and the directive?

EN6 National Park National Parks shall be established for the protection of biodiversity and sustainable management of wildlife. In addition to the three existing parks, new ones will be established to protect critical

RDB, MINICOM/TOURISM


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ecosystems such as watersheds and wetlands, in accordance to the new Wildlife Policy.

A buffer zone of 3 Km around the National Park, protected by special legislation, is demarcated on the Map, which should be applied in the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. No sites for Imidugudu villages should be allocated in the buffer zone.

The Plan’s proposal EN7 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around National Park

Buffer zones will be established around the national parks to provide them with additional protection.

Corridors will also be established where feasible to link the parks and to provide connectivity and gene flow. The actual width of the buffer zones and corridors will be negotiated with the neighbouring communities and other land-owners, according to the needs of each park. The 3 km width proposed of buffer zones, is considered unsustainable, considering the demographic pressures around the parks.

RDB, MINICOM/TOURISM RDB’s response during the consultation period for the Steering Committe

RDB EN8 Area and hub of national interest to protect cultural heritage (National Monuments)

National Monuments will be established, gazette and protected under appropriate law, for the protection of natural, geological, archeological, cultural or historical features of national, regional or international interest or importance. No land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed.

Are there any plans to record the locations?

MINISPOC No digital database availabe Protected by special legislation today? Are there any plans to record the locations? What directives shall be used?

EN9 Point -Genocide Memorial Sites An inventory should be made by the responsible authority.

It is recommended that responsible authorities initiates a survey that results in a GIS database showing existing and planned/proposed sites.

EN10 Pont -Historical and cultural monuments, buildings and, sites of high

Describes the heritage qualities in urban and rural landscapes. Penalty should be paid for littering and polluting. An inventory

MINISPOC No data on locations available. It is recommended


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importance should be made by the responsible authority. that responsible authorities initiates a survey that results in a GIS database showing existing and planned/proposed monuments..

EN11 Point -Prioritized (Cooperative) Centre for Art & Craft

Important hub for preservation and development of traditional arts and crafts. An inventory should be made by the responsible authority.

No data on locations available. It is recommended that responsible authorities initiates a survey that results in a GIS database showing existing and planned/proposed centres.

EN12 Polygon Area (and hub) of national interest to prevent natural hazards: (land slides, flooding, volcano eruption and earth quakes)

For existing built-up area exposed to hazards: Rezoning and/or other measures to control development that respond to site conditions and reduces vulnerability to man-made and natural hazards.

MIDIMAR What directives shall be used for risk management

BM BASE MAP

BM1 Polyline National boundary

BM2 Polyline District boundary

BM3 Point District centre

BM4 Name of District and District Centre

BM5 Name of man-made or natural feature

BM6 Polyline National road A Right of Way of 22 M on both sides of the road centre line where no land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed.

Confirmed with MININFRA

BM7 Polyline District road A Right of Way of 16 M on both sides of the road centre line where no land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed.

BM8 Point Border post


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BM9 Pont Airport

BM10 Point Power line A Right of Way of 10 M along the line alignment where no land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed.

BM11 Polygon Water body (Wetlands, lakes and rivers)

BM12 Polygon Forest

BM13 Point Tertiary Education Facility

BM14 Point Secondary Health Facility

DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN

1.9 Proposed Projects to Be Implemented during the Planning Period 2012-2017 Equitable Distribution of Public Services over the Country. Coordination and cooperation between national sector authorities are needed to steer resources to achieve equitable (spatial) distribution of services and utilities. Use of modern technology such as GIS for spatial optimization is therefore recommended.

Implementation of Deconcentration Urban Policy The Imidugudu Policy needs an urban ‘sister’ to prevent accelerated migration to existing urban areas, predominately Kigali City. This ‘Umujyji’ Policy aims to counteract unplanned habitation and the increase of informal settlements with poor services and unhealthy conditions. Rwanda is still a low urbanized country and has a unique opportunity to set the standards for sustainable urban development that most African countries fail to do at the moment. The next ten years will be crucial if Rwanda will be a success story in this respect or join the other that has flopped. Likewise, the

urban planning should now take advantage of available spatial data in combination with modern analysis and presentation tools, strengthen the participatory process at local government level to make it possible to design a modular alternative of sustainable urban development. Conscious and Applied Direction of Public (and Private) efforts to develop District centre into urban growth points.

Implementation of Sound Imidugudu Policy Optimizing the use of rural land is vital to allow future generation to produce cash crops. Concentration of the rural scattered built up pattern into dense rural settlement will free fertile soil for agriculture production and at the same time will provide better accessibility to basic public services.


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Implementation of Projects for Improved Agricultural Production Efforts to reform the agriculture sector to move from subsistence to cash crop farming need to be supported by trade and economic incentives for the rural population.

Implementation of Projects for Increased Forestry Production To balance need for forestry products the area for forests needs to be increased in the future. Consequently. land unsuitable for agriculture high yields must be converted

into forestry.Implementation of Projects for Economic Development with Emphasis on Market Centres.

Intensification of Mineral Deposit Exploitation Rwanda has rich deposits of valuable minerals found all over the country. Exploitation will boos local development and create job opportunities for the rural population.

Implementation of Projects for Tourism Development Rwanda is a safe country that can offer a diversity of tourist attractions. With increased international accessibility the country has rich opportunities to welcome tourists that seek unique sceneries and exceptional experiences to remember. Many projects are found on the drawing table, however more action is needed by the government to initiate implementation.

Exploitation and Supply of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Resources Major environmentally friendly energy investments are needed in the near future to transform the land locked Rwanda into a society ready to battle with an alarming global climate change and to balance the ecological foot print..

Revitalization of Transportation System Rehabilitation of the National Road Network, construction of the railway line from Isaka to Kigali/Goma and construction of the new international airport at Bugesera are the main pillars to increase international and national accessibility.

Conservation and Protection of Natural Biodiversity The population of Rwanda must realize that exiting biodiversity is being challenged and learn how to be more resourceful to the fundaments for their existence. Legislation to guard sensitive areas is in place but must also be respected by the general public

The table below illustrates the status of projects in Kayonza District


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Project Overview: 2012

Project Unique ID Project Name Sector Cell

Brief description of the project

Type of project: SE=Socio-economic; I=Infrastructure; E=Environment

Source of funds:Central gov;District; NGO;Donnor;others Project cost

Implementing agency

Date of started

Date of Completion

P_ID P_NM SCT_NM CELL_NM P_BRIEF P_TP P_FUND P_COST P_OWN P_START P_END

001 Teacher Training Centre construction Mukarange Rugendabare SE Cent.gov 345600000 BIECOM 2012 2017 002 Extension of a secondary school Gahini Gihinga SE Cent.gov 131800000 MGECO 2012 2017 003 Extension of a secondary school Murundi Karambi SE Cent.gov 133200000 SDC 2012 2017 004 Construction of health centre Kaborondo Kabarondo SE Cent.gov 115000000 CCMC 2012 2017 005 Construction of health centre Ruramira Umubuga SE Cent.gov 126000000 HORIZON 2012 2017 006 Construction of health centre Rwinkwavu Mbarara SE Cent.gov 112000000 MGECO 2012 2017 006 Construction of one health centre Mwiri Murori SE Donor 186000000 HORIZON 2012 2017 007 Reforestation Rukara Rwimishinya E Donor/others 20000000 IMANZI 2012 2017 008 Construction of food market Ndego Karambi I others 265000000 MGECO 2012 2017

009 Rehabilitation and extension of water pumping Ruramira Umubuga I Donnor 68000000 RUDICOB 2012 2017

010 Create new water pumping Murundi Karambi I Donnor 180000000 BITU 2012 2017 011 Construction of one sector office Kabare Rubumba SE Donnor 26000000 COGECO 2012 2017

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1.10 Public Consultation – Plan Proposal • Display public hearing, etc • Consultation for the next step

1.11 Approval and Appeal Process • Approval • Appeal Central Government • Appeal General Public • Final Approval

1.12 Protocols for Monitoring and Evaluation • What should be done? • Who is responsible?

Creating an IDDP Project Management GIS Application

The sector

officials often get questions from their sector members like: ‘what’s happening in the

sector really, what progress is there, what projects are planned for, what is the progress of this and that project?’ The IDDP generates many development programs and projects. An obvious application for the GIS would be to support a project management system. Project databanks can be developed, containing geo-coded data that tracks each of these programs and describes the spatial distribution of various programs across the district. A spatial perspective on these activities can often show geographic bias, lack of coordination, and an imbalance between the location of development activities and actual needs. The ability to locate various indicators collected by the district could create a "needs" oriented database for each subdivision of the District area (by sector), graphically showing the various "needs" as they are distributed over the urban area. For example, various health issues may be shown to exist in areas removed from projects that could potentially affect these problems. A GIS-based project management database can assist in the targeting of activities based on need, rather than perceptions or political/administrative bias.

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Project Objectives The focus on Integrated District Development Planning with objectives to combat the highly inequitable spatial distribution of resources within the fields of housing, infrastructure and social services as well as imbalances between supply and demand across sectors, stresses the need for relevant and updated District information which can be analysed and presented in a District perspective. The objectives is to establish a basic GIS application which tries to give the user (politicians and other as well) the opportunity to have a quick access to an updated source of information about the status of the various projects that have been decided upon and currently are ongoing. R E S U L T S

The result will be a basic project monitoring GIS prepared in liaison with the responsible departments of District encompassing all the components of the GIS to secure a sustained system for the future.

P R O P O S E D A C T I V I T I E S

The most important limitations and obstacles to the operational use of GIS are not of a technical nature. They are rather institutional, organisational, procedural, and information quality issues. To alleviate these obstacles, there should be a strategy dealing with institutional mandates and linkages, human skills development, technology strategies and financial management as well as ‘traditional’ GIS issues such as data and applications. Therefore, in order to get to a sustainable project management GIS, all the ‘big GIS five’ (Hardware, software, application, staff and data) have to be looked into. The activities below are recommended to be undertaken in order to get the GIS application up and running:

H A R D W A R E

It is assumed that the departments involved in the implementation of (IDDP) projects are supplied with computers. It is also an option to connect via Internet in the future.

S O F T W A R E

Besides from MS Office, there is a need for ArcExplorer (freeware) which is a GIS browser for stand-alone computer. One ArcGIS license will also be needed for each District.

D A T A A N D I N D I C A T O R S F O R T H E P R O J E C T I N F O R M A T I O N

Attribute tables will be prepared presenting the projects that have physical relations to the various sectors. The source of information is the list of projects included in annual budgets, Operating & Capital Budget Report, etc. and that has been approved by the Council. There is a need to establish an interface between these sophisticated tables and the simple tables of attribute information in Excel format (see below) that constitutes a part of the project management GIS. The respective sector departments implementing IDDP projects will be responsible for the updating of the attribute information of the project management GIS once it is up and functioning.

S T A F F

The staff assigned to computers needs to undergo a one-day end user training. Further, specialised training needs to be given to councillors and staff persons at management level who will use the project monitoring GIS for information, monitoring and planning.

Designated data custodians need to be appointed who will be able to keep the records presented in the project monitoring GIS updated after training has been provided. A P P L I C A T I O N

As a first phase a very simple GIS will be prepared showing primary indicators and performance of ongoing projects. The GIS will give an overview of the geographic distribution of the projects and also gives an opportunity to compare the allocation of the projects between sectors. It will also facilitate the monitoring of projects and present progress reports. The ESRI ‘hyperlink’ function will be used for an overview of a project and the ‘information’ function will give details about the progress of the project. The information is prepared and updated on a regular basis (quarterly?)


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according to the requirements of the Council. The attached Excel table layout shows a proposed coding of column heads.

Population statistics will be added to the system and a few simple capacity/demand analyses will be provided to be used for easy analyses.

When the users feel confident with the system, as a third step with more sophisticated queries can be developed if there is a need for that.

The application will be coordinated with the ongoing NLC project ‘National Land Registration Project’.

P R O J E C T O R G A N I S A T I O N

The IDDP GIS data consists of base data and a number of sector databases in the fields of Socio-economic, Infrastructure, Environment and Land Management. In order to get the project management GIS up and running, there is a need to define the common denominators for the system. For that, Technical Working Groups (TWGs) are needed to be put together to coordinate and to implement the work. The members will be recruited from the departments. Thematic Task Teams carried out specific aspects of the IDDP process and are small operational teams composed of a number of relevant District sector department officials and technical specialists, who will later be involved in the direct management of implementation of identified programmes and projects.

S O C I O - E C O N O M I C

The ‘software issues’, such as the tasks that are highlighted in the IDDP social analyses/strategies/programs. Socio-economic spatial data is predominately point features. I N F R A S T R U C T U R E

The ‘man made features’. The infrastructure data serves as a chart of the location, distribution, volume and type of infrastructure utilities within the sectors. Infrastructure maps provide guide in planning activities like determining infrastructure requirements/demands, locating infrastructure projects and identifying infrastructure adding improvement.

Infrastructure spatial data is

predominately polyline features E N V I R O N M E N T

The ‘valid to’ tag. Identical to the tasks focused on in the IDDP environmental analyses/strategies/programs. Environment spatial data is predominately polygon features but can sometimes also be represented as point objects. L A N D M A N A G E M E N T

‘The price tag’. It is an official public record of zoning and ownership thereby making it the most reliable source of data with regards to legal land-use, ownership, boundaries and areas. It serves as basis for land taxation and assessment of land values that can be inputted to fiscal resources of local government. Land Management spatial data is predominately polygon features but can sometimes also be represented as point objects.


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A T T R I B U T E M E T A D A T A B A S E S P E C I F I C A T I O N

L A N D R E G I S T R A T I O N

The Organic Law Determining the Use and the Management of Land in Rwanda sets out new and comprehensive arrangements for registering and administering

Summary of Projects

Unique ID for the project

Title of the project

Location (Sector ID)

Category (Infrastructure , Socio- economic, etc.*)

Brief Descriptio n about the project (Maximu m 10 words)

The total cost of the project

PR_ID PR_NM PR_LOC PR_CAT PRDESC PR_COST

Project Budget



The total cost of the project

Approval date by the Council

Schedule of implemen tation year 1





PR_ID PR_NM PR_COST PR_DAT COST01 COST02 COST03 COST04 COST05

Project Ownership



Funding source (Use recognised abriviations)

Implementing agency (Use recognised abriviations)

Project Leader

Contact address

PR_ID PR_NM PRFUND PRIMPL PR_LEAD PR_CONT

Project Monitoring



Status of the project (Finished, As planned(ongo ing), Delayed, Not started, Abolished)

Brief description on reasons for delay, abolishment, etc.

PR_ID PR_NM PRSTAT PRSTDE

*Normally development projects can be categorized in for example ''Infrastructure, Socio- economic, Environmental, Land Management' What is relevant for your District?


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land and land titles, and for the guidance of land use and land management. It is an overarching piece of legislation requiring secondary legislation in the form of orders for effective implementation of many of its provisions. Development of tertiary regulations and guidelines are also envisaged. The Ministry of Environment and Lands Strategic Road Map details proposals and costs for implementing the new arrangements and provides a full time bound programme, with costs. The broad strategy covers the following five interrelated elements:

i). Development and refinement of policy and legislation; this includes the drafting of priority orders, regulations and operational manuals central to implementing the National Land Policy and the Organic Land Law.

ii). A framework for the development of a land administration systems and procedures for Rwanda; with provision for land administration, registration of all related transactions at central and district level.

iii). A national system and programme for regularisation of land tenure; to systematically bring land to first registration and to allow all citizens equal access to the new systems.

iv). Developing the land management organisations principally the establishment of a National Land Centre under a separate law, the District Land Bureaux, Land Commissions at National and District Levels, and land committees at Sector and Cell levels.

v). A national system and programme for land planning and development control; to ensure rational use of land and effective development as well as environmental protection.

As seen on the work flow graph on Page 4, each important planning step is followed by a consultation period. The sector needs assessment and the risk and suitability analysis are subject to a public hearing, where sector and cell spokesmen elected , the general public, representatives from the private sector, NGOs, Donors etc are invited to be briefed about the findings.

It is proposed that the findings are summarized in a comprehensive report: situation analysis and that stakeholder will be given a certain period of time (2 to 4 weeks) to prepare written comments and suggestions. The comments will be summarized in a

situation analysis consultation report which the team that has made the analysis will make proposals on what actions to be taken. The report will be presented to the District Council who will adopt it with the eventual alternatives they fell to be relevant.

Likewise, a similar participatory action will take place once the draft plan has been produced. Besides from public meetings, it is proposed that the plan with proposed projects be presented in a form of a display and the district land use plan which will be exhibited for 2 weeks under which the stakeholders can raise concerns over the plan and propose changes and /or new ideas in a written format. The comments will be summarized in a plan’s consultation report with the same lay out as the SACR. Again the final say will be given by the District Council who will adopt the plan after eventual revisions and time implementation can start.

1.13 Appendix Vision 2020 EDPRS NICI – PLAN 2010 Population Projections 2010-2020

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