4291 4295.output

* GB784698 (A)

Description: GB784698 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to flexible concentric piping

Description of GB784698 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification March 7, 1955. Application Date March 23, 1954. 784 t 698 No 8452/54. Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 64 ( 2), U 8; and 99 ( 2), P 1 A( 3: 13: 18 A: 19 B 23 A), P 1 B( 5 A: 7: 8). International Classification: -F 061. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Flexible Concentric Piping We, PIRELLI-GENERAL CABLE WORKS LIMITED, a British Company of 343/5 Euston Road, London, N W 1, and ADRIAN NEVILLE ARMAN, of Pirelli-General Cable Works Limited, aforesaid, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to flexible concentric piping, such as might be used, for instance, for the conveyance of a fluid through an inner pipe, it being necessary or desirable to control the temperature of such fluid by means of another fluid contained in the space between the inner pipe and an outer pipe surrounding it Thus, for instance, it may be required to convey a viscous liquid through the inner pipe and for this purpose to maintain it at a higher temperature than the normal, this being done by the admission of steam to the space between the inner and outer pipes. For many other purposes a jacketed pipe is required, and hitherto this result has been secured by means of a rigid piping installation, the outer pipe serving as a jacket and generally being thermally lagged Such a method of construction is, however, liable to be very costly by

reason of the necessity of somewhat complicated jointing arrangements between adjacent lengths of the combined inner and outer pipes The present invention has for its main object to overcome this disadvantage, as well as to provide a ready means for securing concentric piping which shall be flexible. According to the invention, flexible substantially concentric piping is constituted by inner and outer pipes which are helically corrugated respectively to opposite hands, although the helices are not necessarily of the same pitch. It is to be understood that in this specification reference to the pipes being concentric is to be interpreted broadly, since strict concentricity would only be maintained if the outer diameter of the corrugation crests of the inner pipe were equal to the inner diameter of the lPri J corrugation troughs of the outer pipe This, however, is not necessarily the case in piping 50 according to the present invention, since the latter diameter may be made larger than the former diameter, in which case the pipes would not necessarily remain strictly co-axial. In any case, by reason of the corrugations of 55 the pipes, their relationship is necessarily such as to leave a passage for the circulation of fluid between the inner and outer pipes. Each of the pipes may be made in any suitable manner, but, in the case in which either 60 pipe is of metal, it is preferred to follow the mode of manufacture, except as regards the flattening operation, described in Specification No 711,305, which is primarily concerned with the manufacture of corrugated metal 65 sheaths for electric cables In the manufacture of a pipe, however, a similar procedure may be adopted, namely that of bending a strip of metal to cylindrical form, welding together the edges along a longitudinal seam to form 70 the pipe, and subsequently subjecting the latter to the action of a suitable tool whereby helical corrugations are formed therein Such a method has the great advantage that pipes of indefinite length may be manufactured, there 75 by minimising the number of joints required in a given installation. The outer pipe may be provided with thermal lagging, applied in any suitable manner, such as winding or extrusion, according to 80 requirements and this lagging may be further protected by flexible waterproofing, such as rubber, polythene, polyvinyl chloride or other substance of the kind known as "plastics", which may be either extruded or applied in 85 the form of tapes with bitumen or similar compound to seal the lappings of tape Some additional external mechanical protection, such as bitumen-impregnated hessian, may sometimes be desirable according to the manner in which 90 the piping is finally to be installed In certain circumstances this external

mechanical protection may replace the lagging and/or the waterproof layer. In order that the invention may be clearly 95 understood and readily carried into effect, it Pticc -1 1 784,698 will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawing whichli illustrates, by way of example, two forms of flexible substantially coficentric piping in accordance therewith, the component elements being shown in each case as stripped back in order to display the construction more clearly. Referring to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing, the outer pipe 1 is helically corrugated right-handedly, while in the inner pipe 2 the helical corrugations are left-handed It is appropriate that, as shown, the same pitch of corrugations shall be adopted in the case of each of the pipes 1 and 2 although this is not necessarily the case. Figure 2 illustrates a construction wherein there is applied to the outer pine 1, enclosing the inner pipe 2, thermal lagging material 3 which is covered by a layer of flexible waterproof material 4 The thermal lagging material 3 is built out to cylindrical form externally while the waterproof covering is of substantially uniform thickness, so that the overall contour of the complete concentric piping is cyli ndrical. Contrariwise, the thermal lagging and the waterproof covering might each be of uniform thickness so that the overall contour of the completed piping is helically corrugated. The concentric, lagged and protected piping is flexible and may be supplied in long lengths wound on to drums It may be used either supported at suitable intervals on structures or posts or it may be buried directly in the ground or drawn into underground ducts.

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* GB784699 (A)

Description: GB784699 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to flexible substantially concentric piping


PATEN STPEC ICATPON Date of filing Complete Specification March 7, 1955. Application Date March 23, 1954. (Divided out of No 784,698). 784699 No 12329/56 ' Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 64 ( 2), O BB, U 8; and 99 ( 2), PIA( 3: 13: 18 A: 19 B), P 1 BS(A: D), P 1 87. International Classification: -FO 61. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Flexible Substantially Concenrtric Piping We, PIRELLI-GENERAL CABLE WORIKS LIMITED, a British Company, of 343/5, Euston Road, London, N W 1, and ADPIAN NEVILLE ARMAN, of Pirelli-General Cable Works Limited, aforesaid, a Subject of the Queen of Great Britain, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to flexible substantially concentric piping, such as might be used, for instance, for the conveyance of a fluid through an inner pipe, it being necessary or desirable to control the temperature of such fluid by means of another fluid contained in the space between the inner pipe and an outer pipe surrounding it Thus, for instance, it may be required to convey a viscous liquid through the inner pipe and for this purpose to maintain it at a higher temperature than the normal, this being done by the admission of steam to the space between the inner and outer pipes For many other purposes a jacketed pipe is required, and hitherto this result has been secured by means of a rigid piping installation, the outer pipe serving as a jacket It is the main object of the present invention to produce such a structure of substantially concentric piping which shall be flexible and shall possess improved thermal insulating properties. According to the invention, flexible substantially concentric piping is constituted by two pipes located the one within the other, one of the pipes being helically corrugated and the other of plain cylindrical form, and the outer pipe being surrounded with thermal lagging material This outer pipe may be of either of the required forms, that is corrugated or cylindrical It is to be understood that

in this specification reference to the pipes being concentric is to be interpreted broadly, since strict concentricity would only be maintained if, for example, the inner pipe being corrugated, the outer diameter of the corrugation crests lPric( were equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical pipe This, however, is not necessarily the case in piping according to the present invention, since the crucial diameter of the 50 outer pipe may be made larger than that of the inner pipe, in which case the pipes would not necessarily remain strictly co-axial In any case, by reason of the corrugation of one of the pipes, their relationship is necessarily 55 such as to leave a passage for the circulation of fluid between the inner and outer pipes. Each of the pipes may be made in any suitable manner, but it is preferred to follow the mode of manufacture, except as regards the 60 flattening operation, described in Specification No 711,305, which is primarily concerned with the manufacture of corrugated metal sheaths for electric cables In the manufacture of a pipe, however, a similar procedure may 65 be adopted, namely, that of bending a strip of metal to cylindrical form, welding together the edges along a longitudinal seam to form the pipe, and in the case of the pipe to be corrugated, subsequently subjecting it to the 70 action of a suitable tool whereby helical corrugations are formed therein Such a method has the great advantage that pipes of indefinite length may be manufactured, thereby minimising the number of joints required in a 75 given installation. The thermal lagging may be applied to the outer pipe in any suitable manner, such as winding or extrusion, according to requirements and this lagging may be further pro 80 tected by flexible waterproofing, such as rubber, polythene, polyvinyl chloride or other substance of the kind known as "plastics ", which may be either extruded or applied in the form of tapes with bitumen or similar 85 compound to seal the lappings of tape Some external mechanical protection, such as bitumen-impregnated hessian, may sometimes be desirable according to the manner in which the piping is finally to be installed 90 In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, it will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustrates, by way of example, two forms of flexible substantially concentric piping in accordance therewith, the outer pipe and its thermal lagging and waterproof covering being shown as stripped back in order to display the construction more clearly. Referring to the accompanying drawing, in the construction illustrated in each figure the outer pipe 1 is helically corrugated, while the inner pipe 2 is of plain cylindrical form.

Obviously, the reverse arrangement might be adopted, namely, that the outer pipe shall be cylindrical and the inner pipe helically corrugated In the examples illustrated, the outer diameter of the pipe 2 is slightly less than the inner trough diameter of the pipe 1; if these diameters were equal strict concentricity would result The outer pipe 1 is surrounded with thermal lagging material 3 which is covered by a layer of flexible waterproof material 4. In the construction shown in Figure 1 the thermal lagging material 3 is built out to cylindrical form externally while the waterproof covering is of substantially uniform thickness, so that the overall contour of the complete concentric piping is cylindrical. Contrariwise, in the case of the piping illustrated in Figure 2, the thermal lagging and the waterproof covering are each of uniform thickness so that the overall contour of the completed piping is helically corrugated. The concentric, lagged and protected piping is flexible and may be supplied in long lengths wound on to drums It may be used either supported at suitable intervals on structures or posts or it may be buried directly in the ground or drawn into underground ducts.


* GB784700 (A)

Description: GB784700 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to paper patterns


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FR1105635 (A) US2756434 (A)

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 7849700 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 28, 1954. Application mode in United States of America on June 2, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 112, F 5; 140, El A; and 141, C 3. Internatiknal Clessification:-f 41 lh. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Paper Patterns I, RICHARD Ricic, a Citizen of the United States of America, of Livingston Road, Bellport, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to a paper pattern for manufacturing garments or the like for embroidering a decorative design on a fabric or garment. According to the present invention there is provided a paper pattern, adapted to be temporarily bonded to a fabric and to readily permit the passage of a needle and thread therethrough while bonded to said fabric in manufacture of a garment or in embroidery of a decorative design on said fabric, comprising a thin, flexible paper having appropriate indicia, including sewing indicia, marked on its top surface and having on the undersurface a lubricous, thermoplastic, heat-sealable resin which is non-adhesive in nature at normal room temperature, and which becomes plastic and adhesive in nature on the application of heat, whereby said pattern may be temporarily bonded to a fabric, said resin remaining lubricous after the application of heat to permit and facilitate the passage of a needle and thread therethrough while said pattern is bonded to a fabric, said resin being selected from the group consisting of ethylene polymers, vinyl chloride polymers, vinylidene chloride polymers, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetals, thermoplastic

chlorinated natural and synthetic rubbers, cellulose derivatives and hydrocarbon waxes. The accompanying drawings, referred to herein, and constituting a part hereof, illustrate one embodiment of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. Fig 1 illustra S bce use of five patterns lprim c is, having suitable indicia marked on the top surface of the pattern paper, said patterns being placed on a length of fabric and being fixed thereto by a warm iron In this illustration, a separate pattern is used in cutting 50 out each component part of a garment; Fig 2 is an enlarged or exaggerated section through a fabric with a pattern on top and a warm iron converting the thermoplastic resin undersurface of the pattern into an 55 adhesive layer to temporarily join together the fabric and pattern; Fig 3 shows a portion of two cut-out fabric pieces with their attached patterns being joined together along the size 16 sewing 60 line by a threaded sewing machine needle; Fig 4 is a plan view of a fabric having a pattern attached thereto; said pattern having decorative design indicia marked on its top surface with an embroidery decorative design 65 having already been embroidered on one of said design indicia; and Fig 5 illustrates the use of my pattern wherein suitable spaced indicia are marked on a single piece of paper to act as a guide 70 for the user in producing all of the component fabric pieces by the use of a single pattern in contrast to the illustration of Fig 1 wherein a separate pattern is used for each component piece 75 For clarity, the following are given as definitions of the terms used herein: The term "fabric" shall include any form of cloth, leather, straw sheets or any other sheet-like materials used in the manufacture 80 of garments hereinafter defined. The term "garment" as herein defined shall collectively include clothing for both sexes; accessories, such as gloves, scarfs, hats; furniture covering; stuffed animal coverings; 85 household furnishings, such as curtains, pillow cases; and in general any article which is made of, or covered with, a plurality of pieces of fabric sewn together. The term "piece" shall mean any portion 9 & No 15934/54. J 784,700 of fabric cut out or intended to be cut out to constitute a component part of a garment to be sewn. The term "indicia" shall mean any guide lines, instructions, or any other markings on the pattern to indicate the manner in which a fabric and its attached pattern or pattern portion are to be cut, registered and assembled together with other fabric pieces and attached patterns or pattern portions. This term also includes decorative design markings, which are to be guides for effecting embroidered decorative designs on fabrics or

garments. The term "sewing" shall include hand stitching with needle and thread or machine stitching with needle and thread. The term "embroidery" shall include both hand and machine embroidery with needle and thread or yarn. In general, my pattern comprises a paper having appropriate indicia marked on its top surface and a coating of thermoplastic and heat sealable resin or wax material on its undersurface, said thermoplastic material becoming adhesive in nature on application of heat Accordingly, the pattern may be easily attached to a fabric or garment by placing the pattern on a fabric or garment with the underside of the pattern in contact with the fabric or garment and causing the coating to become adhesive in nature upon application of heat such as by pressing a warm iron over the top of the pattern, whereupon the pattern becomes temporarily bonded to the fabric or garment. Two different modifications of my pattern may be used in the art of manufacturing garments or the like In one modification, the pattern has marked thereon suitable indicia such as cutting lines for producing one component part of a garment as wvell as sewing lines and other instructions to guide the user in joining the attached component fabric piece to other component fabric pieces Thus, in producing a garment, a plurality of such patterns are employed for producing an equal number of component fabric pieces as illustrated in Fig 1 The bonding of each pattern to the fabric in a manner as hereinbefore described, gives the fabric a consistency which facilitates forming operations By cutting a pattern and attached fabric along the appropriate cutting line, the desired fabric piece may be obtained The fabric pieces, including their respective attached patterns, are then sewn together along appropriate sewing lines to form the garment The patterns are then stripped from their respective fabric pieces It should be understood that tiny portions of each pattern underlying the respective threads may remain fixed to the fabric and are held thereto by the threads, the remainder of the pattern being stripped from its respective fabric pieces. As an alternative to using a separate pattern for each component part, a pattern may be used wherein suitably spaced indicia for each component part are marked on a single piece of pattern paper as illustrated in Fig 70 The indicia for the component pieces must be arranged so that the fabric will be cut appropriately with respect to the texture for each component part In using such a pattern, the pattern is temporarily bonded to the 75 fabric as in the previous case and then the fabric is cut along the appropriate cutting lines for each component piece until all of the component fabric pieces are formed The component fabric pieces are then joined in a 80 manner

described hereinbefore In the present case, each component fabric piece will not have attached to it a separate pattern, but will have attached a corresponding pattern portion, since the pattern has been 85 divided into pattern portions attached to their respective component fabric pieces. Whether individual patterns for each component part or whether a single pattern having indicia for more than one component part 90 should be used will depend upon the circumstances in each case If the dimensions of a fabric are such that a single pattern having all component indicia cannot be fitted on the pattern then obviously individual pat-95 terns for each component part may be used. On the other hand, if the dimensions of a fabric are such that a single pattern may be used there are decided advantages in using it First of all, the manufacturer of the pat 100 tern does not have to manufacture a plurality of component patterns This lessens his manufacturing cost because it eliminates cutting out and folding a plurality of patterns. Secondly, the user does not have to bother 105 assembling the individual patterns in their appropriate positions on the fabric in forming the component fabric pieces There is also the danger that one of the individual patterns may be lost before it can be used 110 which necessitates the repurchase of an entire pattern assembly. My pattern is also useful in embroidering decorative designs on a fabric or garment. In this case, the pattern is temporarily 115 bonded to a fabric or garment in the same manner as previously described The pattern indicia is a decorative design marked on the pattern which guides the user in moving a threaded needle along the lines of the 120 decorative design indicia to produce the embroidered design After the embroidered decorative design has been produced, the pattern is stripped from the fabric or garment 125 Any suitable paper may be used in forming my pattern Preferably, the paper that is used should be sufficiently thin to facilitate the cutting operation -wh'n the pattern is used in the art of manufacturing garments and 130 784,700 should be sufficiently flexible to facilitate sewing operations in making garments and embroidery operations in the production of embroidered decorative designs on fabrics or garments. Any suitable thermoplastic and heat sealable material which becomes adhesive but wax-like in nature upon the application of heat may be used as the coating material on 10the undersurface of the pattern paper A lubricous, heat-sealable material of this type will not hinder sewing or embroidery operations, but on the contrary, facilitates such operations because it functions as a lubricant for the sliding of the needle during such op rations Such materials are also important

because they do not impart any gummy or sticky character to the thread or bobbin, whereas with starch base or other sticky adhesives the thread and bobbin become gummed up and do not function properly. The thermoplastic bonding material may be coated on the paper by any conventional coating operation such as by extrusion. Preferably, the thermoplastic coating covers the entire undersurface of the pattern paper in a continuous manner It is not necessary that the entire undersurface of the paper be covered, however, since the material may be discontinuous in the form of spots placed at strategic positions such as the four corners and middle portion; in the form of continuous parallel strips, and various other modifications. The preferred bonding materials of the present invention are the polyethylenes as explified by Du Pont's "ALATNON " Other suitable thermoplastic materials are those of the polyvinyl chloride type, e g, "polyvinyl acetate AYAA," manufactured by the Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corporation; vinylidene chloride polymers, such as "SARAN," which is a Registered Trade Mark for vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers, manufactured by Dow Chemical Company; copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, such as "VYHH," manufactured by Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corporation; polyvinyl acetals, such as "polyvinyl butyral XYSG", manufactured by Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corporation; thermoplastic chlorinated natural and synthetic rubbers such as "VISTANEX," which is a Registered Trade Mark for a synthetic rubber of polymerized isobutylene type manufactured by Advance Solvents a Chemicals Corporation; and "PLIOLITE" which is a Registered Trade Mark for a cyclized rubber derivative, manufactured by Goodyear Rubber Company; cellulose derivatives, such as ethyl cellulose, manufactured by Hercules Powder Company; and waxy substances such as microcrystalline wax 1005, manufactured by Socony-Vacuum Oil Company. In order to illustrate the invention more specifically, reference is now made to Figs. 1-5 of the drawings As shown in Fig 1, patterns 1-5, illustrating typical patterns of the present invention, wherein individual pat 70 terns are used for each component fabric piece, are shown attached to fabric 6 A cross-section of a typical pattern, such as pattern 4, is shown in Fig 2, said pattern comprising paper 7 having coated on its 75 undersurface a polyethylene thermoplastic resin forming a continuous coating 8, said coating 8 having been extruded on said paper by the conventional extrusion method The patterns 1-5 are bonded to the fabric by 80 applying heat to said pattern pieces by means of iron 9 in a manner shown in Fig 2 The warm iron 9 is moved over the pattern piece 1, whose undersurface is provided with the coating 8 in contact with the upper surface 85 of the fabric 1 The coating 8 is

shown in full line before it is subjected to heat and in dotted lines after it is heated to an adhesive state. As shown in Fig 1, the patterns are pro 90 vided with conventional cutting and sewing lines After the patterns have been adhered to the fabric the fabric along with its attached pattern is cut along the cutting lines indicated on each pattern 95 In order to illustrate the sewing together of two cut-out pieces of fabric 1 ' and 4 ', along with their attached patterns 1 and 4, reference is now made to Fig 3 The cutout fabric pieces 1 ' and 4 ' are so arranged 100 that these pieces form the intermediate layers, and the patterns 1 and 4 form the top and bottom layers A cut-out guide mark 10 is used in each of the cut-out fabric pieces and patterns to provide a proper alignment of 105 said cut-out fabric pieces The fabric pieces are then sewn by needle 11 and thread 12 along size 16 sewing line 13, indicated on the top surface of pattern 1 After the fabric pieces have been sewn together, the patterns 110 are merely stripped from their respective fabric pieces by hand. Advantageously, the patterns are simple in construction and are highly efficient to use. The forming operations are greatly facili 115 tated, and by use of the patterns of the present invention an amateur at making clothes can produce garments which resemble those made by a professional. It should be realized that any other indicia 120 which would be helpful to the users may be printed on the patterns of the present invention Hence, instructions, illustrations, as to what pieces should be consecutively joined may be printed on the pattern as well as any 125 other pertinent information. Referring now to Fig 4, a fabric 20 has attached thereto a pattern 21 The pattern 21 is provided with two decorative design indicia marked thereon, one of said design 130 -L If 784,700 indicia being hidden by the decorative design 22 which has been embroidered along the decorative ind icia Decorative design indicia 23 can be readily seen as it has not yet been utilized in making an embroidered design. In Fig 5, there is illustrated a pattern 30 attached to fabric 6 wherein the pattern is provided with suitably spaced indicia forming pattern portions 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 to act as a guide for the use in producing all of the component fabric pieces by the use of said single pattern 30 Accordingly, border lines 31 a-35 a of pattern portions 31-35 act as cutting lines to guide the operator in cutting the fabric, the border portions being provided with appropriate sewing lines for sewing together the component pieces and attached pattern portions in a manner hereinbefore described. In my copending British Application No. 14134/56 (Serial No 784,701), which has been divided out of the

present Application,


* GB784701 (A)

Description: GB784701 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to method of manufacturing garments using paperpatterns


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PATENT SPECIFICATION 7349701 \ Date of Applica Lion and filing Complete ___ i Specification: May 28, 1954 No 14134/56. Application made in United States of America on June 2, 1953. (Divided out of No 784,700). Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.

Index at acoept Oulc:-lasses 6 Sg 8519 and 11 c COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Method of Manufacturing Garments Using Paper Patterns I, RICHARD RICK a Citizen of the United States of America, of Livingston Road, Bellport, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing of garments using paper patterns, or the like, and also in the embroidery of decorative designs on a fabric or garment. An object of my invention is to provide a novel method of garment manufacture employing a pattern which may be temporarily bonded to a fabric upon the application of heat for the manufacture of garments or the like, said pattern having marked thereon suitable indicia, such as cutting lines and sewing lines, to guide a user in producing a component piece or component pieces of a garment and to guide him in joining component fabric pieces to form the garment, said pattern or portions thereof being adapted to be readily stripped from its attached fabric piece after the formation of the garment. To these ends, the present invention consists in providing a method for the manufacturing of garments or the like comprising, temporarily bonding to a fabric a pattern having appropriate indicia marked on its top surface by which all of the component pieces of a garment may be produced, performing all necessary cutting and assembling operations using said pattern indicia as a guide to form a garment and thereafter removing the remainder of said pattern from the garment. In order that the invention may be more clearly understood and readily carried into effect, the same will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig 1 illustrates the use of five patterns of the present invention having suitable indicia lPr' narked on the top surface of the pattern paper, said patterns being placed on a length of fabric and being fixed thereto by a warm iron In this illustration, a separate pattern is used in cutting out each component part 50 of a garment; Fig 2 is an enlarged or exaggerated section through a fabric with a pattern on top and a warm iron converting the thermoplastic resin undersurface of the pattern into an 55 adhesive layer to temporarily join together the fabric and pattern; Fig 3 shows a portion of two cut-out fabric pieces with their attached patterns being joined together along the size 16 sewing line 60 by a threaded sewing machine needle; Fig 4 is a plan view of a fabric having a pattern attached thereto; said pattern having decorative design indicia marked on its top surface with an embroidery decorative design 65 having already been embroidered on one of said

design indicia; and Fig 5 illustrates a modification wherein suitable spaced indicia are marked on a single piece of paper to act as a guide for the 70 user in producing all of the component fabric pieces by the use of a single pattern in contrast to the illustration of Fig 1 wherein a separate pattern is used for each component piece 75 For clarity, the following are given as definitions of the terms used herein: The term " fabric " shall include any form of cloth, leather, straw sheets or any other sheet-like materials used in the manufacture 80 of garments hereinafter defined. The term "garment" as herein defined shall collectively include clothing for both sexes; accessories, such as gloves, scarfs, and hats; furniture covering; stuffed animal cov 85 erings, household furnishings, such as curtains, pillowcases; and in general any article which is made of, or covered with, a plurality of pieces of fabric sewn together. The term " piece " shall mean any portion 90 784,701 of fabric cut out or intended to be cut out to constitute a component part of a garment to be sewn. The term "indicia" shall mean any guide lines, instructions, or any other markings on the pattern to indicate the manner in which a fabric and its attached pattern or pattern portion are to be cut, registered and assembled together with other fabric pieces and attached patterns or pattern portions. This term also includes decorative design markings, which are to be guides for effecting embroidered decorative designs on fabrics or garments. The term "sewing" shall include hand stitching with needle and thread or machine stitching with needle and thread. The term "embroidery" shall include both hand and machine embroidery with needle and thread or yarn. In general, the method involves the use of a pattern comprising a paper having appropriate indicia marked on its top surface and a coating of thermoplastic and heat sealable resin or wax material on its undersurface, said thermoplastic material becoming adhesive in nature on application of heat. Accordingly, the pattern used in the method may be easily attached to a fabric or garment by placing the pattern on a fabric or garment with the underside of the pattern in contact with the fabric or garment and causing the coating to become adhesive in nature upon application of heat such as by pressing a warm iron over the top of the pattern whereupon the pattern becomes temporarily bonded to the fabric or garment Two different modifications of my pattern may be used in the art of manufacturing garments or the lile In one modification, the

pattern has marked thereon suitable indicia such as cutting lines for producing one component part of a garment as well as other suitable indicia such as sewing lines and other instructions to guide the user in joining the attached component fabric piece to other component fabric pieces Thus in producing a garment, a plurality of such patterns are employed for producing an equal number of component fabric pieces as illustrated in Fig 1 The bonding of each pattern to the fabric in a manner as hereinbefore described, gives the fabric a consistency which facilitates forming operations By cutting a pattern and attached fabric along the appropriate cutting line, the desired fabric niece may be obtained The fabric pieces, including their respective attached patterns, are then sewn together along appropriate sewing lines to form the garment The patterns are then stripped from their respective fabric pieces It should be understood that tiny portions of each pattern underlying the respective threads may remain fixed to the fabric and are held thereto by the threads, the remainder of the pattern being stripped from its respective fabric pieces. As an alternative to using a separate pattern for each component part, a pattern may be used wherein suitably spaced indicia for 70 each component part are marked on a single piece of pattern paper as illustrated in Fig. The indicia for the component pieces must be arranged so that the fabric will be cut appropriately with respect to the texture 75 for each component part In using such a pattern, the pattern is temporarily bonded to the fabric as in the previous case and then the fabric is cut along the appropriate cutting lines for each component piece until all 80 of the component fabric pieces are formed. The component fabric pieces are then joined in a manner described hereinbefore In the present case, each component fabric piece will not have attached to it a separate pat 85 tern, but will have attached a corresponding pattern portion, since thile pattern has been divided into pattern portions attached to their respective component fabric pieces. Whether individual patterns for each corn 90 ponent part or whether a single pattern having indicia for more than one component part should be used will depend upon the circumstances in each case If the dimensions of a fabric are such that a single pattern having 95 all component indicia cannot be fitted on the pattern then obviously individual patterns for each component part may be used. On the other hand, if the dimensions of a fabric are such that a single pattern may be 100 used there are decided advantages in using it First of all, the manufacturer of the pattern does not have to manufacture a plurality of component patterns This lessens his manufacturing cost because it eliminates 105 cutting out and folding a

plurality of patterns Secondly, the user does not have to bother assembling the individual patterns in their appropriate positions on the fabric in forming the component fabric pieces There 110 is also the danger that one of the individual patterns may be lost before it can be used which necessitates the renurclhase of an entire pattern assembly. My method is also useful in embroidering 115 decorative designs on a fabric or garment In this case, the pattern is temporarily bonded to a fabric or garment in the same manner as previously described The pattern indicia is a decorative design marked on the pattern 120 which guides the user in moving a threaded needle along the lines of the decorative design indicia to produce the embroidered design After the embroidered decorative design has been produced, the pattern is 125 stripped from the fabric or carment. Any suitable paper or sheet material may be used in forming the nattern used in my method Preferably the mnaterial that is used should be sufficiently thin to facilitate the 130 784,701 cutting operation when the pattern is used in tile art of manufacturing garments and should be sufficiently flexible to facilitate seswuing operations in making garments and embroidery operations in the production of embroidered decorative designs on fabrics or garments. Any suitable thermoplastic and heat sealable material which becomes adhesive but wax-like in nature upon the application of heat may be used as the coating material on the undersurface of the pattern paper A lubricous, heat sealable material of this type will not hinder sewing or embroidery operations, but on the contrary, facilitates such operations because it functions as a lubricant for the sliding of the needle during such operations Such materials are also important because they do not impart any gummy or sticky character to the thread or bobbin, whereas with starch base or other sticky adhesives the thread and bobbin become ournmed up and do not function properly. The thermoplastic bonding material may be coated on the paper by any conventional coating operation such as by extrusion Preferably, the thermoplastic coating covers the entire undersurface of the pattern paper in a continuous manner It is not necessary that the entire undersurface of the paper be covered, however, since the material may be discontinuous in the form of spots placed at strategic positions such as the four corners and middle portion, in the form of continuous parallel strips, and various other modifications. The preferred bonding materials of the present invention are the polyethylenes, as exemplified by Du Pont's " ALATNON " Other suitable thermoplastic materials are those of the polyvinyl chloride type, e g, " polyvinyl acetate AYAA," manufactured by the Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corp; vinylidene chloride polymers, such as "

SARAN," which is a Registered Trade Mark for vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers, manufactured by Dow Chemical Company: copolymers of vinyl chloride; and vinyl acetate, such as " VYHN," manufactured by Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corp; polyvinyl acetals, such as " polyvinyl butyral XYSG," manufactured by Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corp: thermoplastic chlorinated natural and synthetic rubbers, such as "VISTANEX 7," which is a Registered Trade Mark for a synthetic rubber of polymerized isobutylene type, manufactured by Advance Solvents & Chemicals Corp; and " PLIOTLITE," which is a Registered Trade Mark for a cyclized rubber derivative, manufactured by Goodyear Rubber Co; cellulose derivatives, such as ethyl cellulose, manufactured by Herculles Powder Co, and waxy substances such as microcrystalline wax 1005, manufactured by Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. In order to illustrate the invention more specifically, reference is now made to Figs. 1-5 of the drawings As shown in Fig 1, 70 patterns 1-5, illustrating typical patterns of the present invention, wherein individual patterns are used for each component fabric piece, are shown attached to fabric 6 A cross-section of a typical pattern, such as 75 pattern 4, is shown in Fig 2, said pattern comprising paper 7 having coated on its undersurface a polyethylene thermoplastic resin forming a continuous coating 8, said coating 8 having been extruded on said paper 80 by the conventional extrusion method The patterns 1-5 are bonded to the fabric by applying heat to said pattern pieces by means of iron 9 in a manner shown in Fig 2 The warm iron 9 is moved over the pattern piece 85 1, whose undersurface is provided with the coating 8 in contact with the upper surface of the fabric 1 The coating 8 is shown in full line before it is subjected to heat and in dotted lines after it is heated to an adhesive 90 state. As shown in Fig 1, the patterns are provided with conventional cutting and sewing lines After the patterns have been adhered to the fabric the fabric along with its attached 95 pattern is cut along the cutting lines indicated on each pattern. In order to illustrate the sewing together of two cut-out pieces of fabric 1 ' and 4 ', along with their attached patterns 1 and 4, 100 reference is now made to Fig 3 The cutout fabric pieces 1 ' and 4 ' are so arranged that these pieces form the intermediate layers, and the patterns 1 and 4 form the top and bottom layers A cut-out guide mark 105 is used in each of the cut-out fabric pieces and patterns to provide a proper alignment of said cut-out fabric pieces The fabric pieces are then sewn by needle 11 and thread 12 along size 16 sewing line 13, indicated on 110 the top surface of pattern 1 After the fabric pieces have been sewn together, the patterns are merely

stripped from their respective fabric pieces by hand. Advantageously, the patterns used in the 115 method are simple in construction and are highly efficient to use The forming operations are greatly facilitated, and by use of the patterns of the present invention an amateur at making clothes can produce garments 120 which resemble those made by a professional. It should be realized that any other indicia which would be helpful to the users may be printed on the patterns of the present inven 125 tion Hence, instructions, illustrations, as to what pieces should be consecutively joined may be printed on the pattern as well as any other pertinent information. Referring now to Fig 4, a fabric 20 has 130 784,701 attached thereto a pattern 21 The pattern 21 is provided with two decorative design indicia marked thereon, one of said design indicia being hidden by the decorative design 22 which has been embroidered along the decorative indicia Decorative design indicia 23 can be readily seen as it has not yet been utilized in making an embroidered design. In Fig 5, there is illustrated a pattern 30 attached to fabric 6 wherein the pattern is provided with suitably spaced indicia forming pattern portions 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 to act as a guide for the user in producing all of the component fabric pieces by the use of said single pattern 30 Accordingly, border lines 31 a-35 a of pattern portions 31-35 act as cutting lines to guide the operator in cutting the fabric The border portions being provided with appropriate sewing lines for sewing together the component pieces and attached pattern portions in a manner hereinbefore described. The paper pattern described in the foregoing disclosure forms the subject matter of my British Application No 15934 filed May 28, 1954 (Serial No 784,700).


* GB784702 (A)

Description: GB784702 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to moulded or cast products and the making ofmoulds therefor

Description of GB784702 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: FREDERICK LEWIS DAVIS Date of filing Complete Specification Dec 20, 1955. Application Date Nov 25, 1954. Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. 784,702 No 34219/54. Index at Acceptance:-Class 87 ( 2), A 1 R( 14 C 2: 20: 68 73), A 7 (A: CX). International Classification: -B 29 c, d, g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Moulded or Cast Products and the making of Moulds therefor We, LONDON RUBBER COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Hall Lane, Chingford, London, E 4 do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to moulded or cast products and to the making of moulds therefor, and has for its primary object to provide an improved method of producing moulds. According to the invention, a mould for a moulded or cast product is produced by forming a thin flexible envelope having the shape of the mould cavity, filling the said envelope with an easily removable filling material, applying plaster or other material to the exterior of the said envelope to form the mould, and removing the filling material with or without the envelope to leave a cavity in the mould of the required shape. in a modification of the method according to the invention, the filling material is a lowmelting point material poured into the

envelope in a liquid state and allowed to solidify, and the enveiope is stripped off before the plaster or like investment is made, the filling material being then melted out from the mould. The invention will be particularly described with reference to the making of formers for the production, by the dipping method, of rubber gloves It has been found desirable, for some purposes, to employ rubber gloves having roughened surfaces, and the roughening has usually been produced either by spraying the gloves with latex or by dipping them into a chemical solution which produces an irregular etching of the glove surface. By means of the present invention, it is possible to produce formers which provide a roughened surface on the glove indistinguishable from the surface produced by spraying or chemical treatment. The following description relates to a number of methods of carrying out the invention in the preparation of formers for makldng such gloves. In one method of carrying out the invention, a rubber glove having its external surface 50 roughened by the known chemical process is turned inside out and is filled with a fine powder or other filling material to provide a substantial degree of rigidity A mould of plaster or other suitable material is then formed 55 around the filler glove, preferably in three or more pieces so as to be readily removable. When the mould has set, the filling material is removed, leaving the glove in the mould cavity The formers are produced by pouring 60 thermo-setting material such as urea-formaldehyde 'resin in a liquid state into the glove contained in the cavity, hardening the thermosetting material, parting the mould, and stripping the glove from the former Gloves hay 65 ing surface roughening identical with that of the original glove can then be produced by dipping the former in a latex or other liquid, curing the resulting envelope, and turning the said envelope inside out when it is removed 70 from the former The use of the original glove as a lining in the mould prevents the formation of flash at the joints in the plaster If the original rubber glove has a smooth surface, neither it nor the final glove need be turned 75 inside out. If a metal former is required, a first, divided, plaster or similar mould is produced as described above, but with the giove having its roughened side outwards, and the glove-lined 80 cavity is filled with molten wax, which is allowed to solidify. The glove with the wax inside it is removed by parting the divided plaster mould, and a second, undivided, plaster or similar mould is 85 made by investment of the wax-filled glove. The wax is then melted out, the glove removed and molten metal poured into the second plaster or equivalent mould, which is broken away when

the metal has solidified The 90 784,702 second plaster or equivalent mould must, in this case, be undivided, since a divided mould would leave flash on the former, and the flash could not be removed without spoiling the continuity of the roughened surface. In another method of producing a metal former, the original glove, which has a roughened external surface, is turned inside out and filled with wax, the glove being stripped off the wax when the Iatter has solidified, and the wax pattern thus formed being invested with plaster or like material to form the mould, from which the wax is removed by melting. The metal former is then cast in the plaster mould. Formers of thermoplastic material may be made by building up a stiff rubber envelope on a previously produced and externally roughened glove which has been turned inside out and filled with powder or easily melted material, removing the filling and pouring the thermoplastic material into the glove The stiff rubber envelope and glove are removed when the thermoplastic material has set. It will be understood that, by the method according to the invention, the surface markings on a glove can be very accurately copied. The invention is not limited to the production of formers for malking rubber gloves, but may be used to prepare formers for other rubber articles produced by the dipping method. Moreover, moulds for articles other than formers may be produced by the method according to the invention. It will be understood that in some of the examples herein described, the final former or other article produced will have external dimensions corresponding to those of the exterior of the thin flexible envelope, so that, in the case of a former, further articles produced therefrom will be slightly larger than the envelope The thicmkness of the envelope is normally so small that the increase in size is unimportant but, if necessary, the envelope may be prepared with smaller dimensions than the required final article. In our co-pending Application No 336/55 (Serial No 784,703) we have described and claimed a method of manufacturing a glove of rubber or other thermoplastic material which consists in preparing a former having the shape of a glove which has been produced on another former simulating the true shape of a hand and has been turned inside out, forming a glove thereon by dipping in the known manner, and turning the glove so formed inside out The use for the manufacture of gloves of the formers described herein which are produced in moulds having the shape of an insideout glove, falls within the scope of that application.

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