4.2 – ionic and covalent compound naming...ionic compounds: - are made up of positive and negative...
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Ionic Compounds: - are made up of positive and negative ions arranged in a crystal structure. Covalent Molecules: - are made up of atoms sharing electrons.
Salt, NaCl
4.2 – Ionic and Covalent Compound Naming
Water, H2O
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Naming Ionic Compounds:
– name of an ionic compound = cation anion-ide
– Ex.1: magnesium and oxygen
cation anion-ide
Magnesium ox + ide
Magnesium oxide
– Ex.2: what is the name of Ca3N2?
Ca = calcium; N = nitrogen
Drop the end of the anion and add –ide
Calcium nitride
– Ex.3: What is the name of BaCl2?
Barium chloride
Magnesium oxide is used as a drying agent.
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Writing formulas for Ionic Compounds Remember: positive charges must = negative charges
Ex.1: What is the formula for magnesium phosphide?
Magnesium is Mg2+ Phosphorous is P3–
Lowest common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6
3 Mg2+ ions & 2 P3– ions (6 +ve’s & 6 –ve’s)
Magnesium phosphide = Mg3P2
Ex.2: What is the formula for calcium oxide? Calcium is Ca2+ Oxygen is O2–
1 Ca2+ ion & 1 O2– ion Calcium oxide = CaO
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Drawing Formula Diagrams
Examples on overhead:
– Lithium nitride
– Barium sulphide
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Ionic Compound with a Multivalent Metal
Multivalent: some transition elements have more than one charge. – Roman numerals are used after the metal
name to indicate which ion was used
Ex. 1 What is the formula manganese(III) sulphide?
This manganese is Mn3+ Sulphur is S2–
Lowest common multiple of 3 and 2 is 6
2 Mn3+ ions and 3 S2– ions
Mn2S3
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You try!
What is the name for TiF4?
Titanium can be Ti4+ or Ti3+ Fluorine is F–
From the ratio in the formula you can find out it is Ti4+
1 Ti4+ ion and 4 F– ions
Titanium (IV) fluoride
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Polyatomic Ions
are made up of several atoms joined together by covalent bonds
– The whole group has a + or – charge, not individual atoms.
Ex.1 What is the formula of sodium sulphate?
Na+ and SO42–
Na2SO4
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Ex.2: What is the name of the compound KClO?
K+ = potassium ClO– = hypochlorite
Potassium hypochlorite
Ex.3: What is the formula for Calcium nitrate?
Ca2+ and NO3-
Ca(NO3)2
* Note the brackets around NO3 show there are two of the nitrate ions present
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Naming Simple Covalent Compounds Prefixes are used before the atom name to
indicate the number of atoms in the molecule.
Examples: CO = carbon monoxide
CO2 = carbon dioxide Write the most metallic atom (furthest left) first, then add -ide to the end of the second atom’s name
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Examples:
What is the name of the molecule Si3P6?
– Trisilicon hexaphosphide
What is the chemical formula for the molecule trinitrogen tetrachloride?
– N3Cl4
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How do you know which type it is?
To determine whether a compound is ionic or covalent:
- Examine the formula
• Ionic compounds start with a metal or the ammonium ion
• Covalent compounds start with a non-metal
Take the Section 4.2 Quiz