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Df`ähcf Oa`az# pèrfbf om Cmarah# mk m`trmvasth

Cmarah á ukh phròquah pcurhc#

 dm`mrfsh m omsmgfsh om hprfeu`ohr

h suh eá

p. < m 1

Rmkh`èraf oafbmsh`f • www.gfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt

Oarmtfr7 Bhrcfs Khdhclâms om Bhrvhclf

H`f C\\\A • `· ?822 • ^2 • 82 om gu`lf om :>82 • >#=>₣

Rh`tuèraf om Eètakh bfk h bfr# hcmdrah m m`tusahskf

om kaclhrms om brah`ähs

–Omvmkfs smr h`gfs u`s phrh fs futrfs‛ p. 4

^hrh f pròxakf h`f phstfrhc

O. H`tò`af Khrtf h`u`bah `fkmhäýms÷ctakh

^hròquah om Cmarah mk omsthqump. 2 h =

   C   u    ë   s   o   m   F   C   a   v   m   a   r   h

   C   K   E          z

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82 om gu`lf om :>: •

Khrdhraoh _maxmarhGurasth

Mstakuchr hs ehkëcahs

h phrtabaphr

H phròquah om Cmarah gè lè hcdu`s h`fs tmkfrdh`azhof ourh`tm f pmrëfof cmtavf ukhKassh ofka`abhc pmcfs 81l2># `h adrmgh ofMspëratf Rh`tf# bf`lmbaoh pmch –Kassh ofsMstuoh`tms‛. Msth a`abahtavh# phrh hcák om ef+km`thr `fs gfvm`s h phrtabaphäâf m f m`vfc+vakm`tf `h suh frdh`azhäâf# tmk thkjákh vh`thdmk om mstakuchr hs ehkëcahs h phrta+baphr `msths kasshs# qum hs sm`tmk om ukhefrkh khas pròxakh m khas oaradaoh hfssmus clfs# f qum tmk omsm`bhomhof ukh

vf`thom khas dm`uë`h m mspf`tê`mh# pfrphrtm omstms# `h suh phrtabaphäâf. Hduhroh+kfs f a`ëbaf of pròxakf h`f cmtavf(

Gfâf ^fähs Rh`tfs^rfemssfr `f A^C

H kassâfom ,`fvh! mvh`dmcazhäâf

Omsthbh`of uk ofs hspmtfs khas pfsatavfsoh phròquah om Cmarah ,Rá!# f`om eua jhtazh+of m h qum pmrtm`äf mk eu`äâf oh ka`lhrmsaoç`bah# `âf pfssf omaxhr om sujca`lhrh kassâf om ,`fvh! mvh`dmcazhäâf h qum hhtuhc mquaph om shbmroftms hf smrvaäf omsthbfku`aohom# bffrom`hoh pmcf phorm Df`+ähcf _maxmarh Oa`az# tmk vaof h cmvhr h bhjf#rmvathcazh`of msth bfku`aohom# urjh`h# m`+vmclmbaoh m omsmrtabhoh# h qum sm m`trmdh+rhk bfk c÷baof m`tusahskf.Xuh`tf î vmrtm`tm `mdhtavh# pm`sf qum ápfssëvmc hpf`thr h m`vfcvm`tm om ukh bmrth–mbcmsafefjah‛ ,qumk shjm sm ukh mspábamom –bfkpcmxf+of+brakm+of+phorm+hkhrf‛!qum phrmbm bhrhtmrazhr h baohom om Cmarahm qum h tfr`h erah h kuaths a`abahtavhs qumclm sâf prfpfsths. Umgh+sm f mxmkpcf oh rm+bm`tm Emsth oh Eá# qum kfvakm`tfu kuatfskaclhrms om pmssfhs# khs qum efa quhsm ad+`frhoh pmch akprm`sh rmdaf`hc…

_avm ukh moubhäâf

bhtòcabh m smkprm

prakma pfr bukprar

bfk fs kmus

omvmrms brastâfs. Lèbmrbh om ofas h`fs#

hssuka h ka`lh

lfkfssmxuhcaohom.

Bfkf pfomrè h ka`lh

fram`thäâf smxuhc

a`eum`bahr h ka`lh

vavç`bah brastâ6

^rfburhrma jhsmhr h ka`lh rmspfsth mk

trçs hspmtfs7

8· H frkh bfkf h Adrmgh vç h vavç`bah

oh smxuhcaohom lukh`h phrtm ohqua+

cf qum á khas mcmkm`thr `f lfkmk7 f

smu bfrpf. Á pfrqum –sfkfs uk bfrpf‛

qum mxastakfs# qum sfkfs hcduák `mstm

ku`of# qum m`trhkfs mk rmchäâf bfk

hqumcms qum `fs rfomahk m tmkfs h pfs+

sajacaohom om clms omoabhr f `fssf hmtf

m hkfr. ^fr assf# ukh moubhäâf bhtòca+

bh a`bcua smkprm ukh hprm`oazhdmk sf+

jrm h kh`marh om m`tm`omr# sm`tar m va+

vmr h smxuhcaohom. @âf á a`oamrm`tm î

á h frkh bfkf mxprmsshkfs fs `fssfs

hmtfs. Á htrhvás omcms qum m`trhkfs mk

bf`thbtf bfk fs qum fs rfomahk.

:· F futrf pf`tf u`ohkm`thc phrh h

`fssh rmmxâf á h oamrm`äh m bfkpcm+km`thraohom mxastm`tms m`trm f khsbu+

ca`f m f mka`a`f. H `hturmzh mz+`fs

oamrm`tms# bhphzms om hbrmsbm`thr `f+

vaohom m sm`taof hf smxf fpfstf. Á jmcf

smr+sm lfkmk m á jmcf smr+sm kuclmr. Á

jfk m jmcf smr+sm oamrm`tm. Khas7 bhoh

uk sò shjmrè qumk vmrohomarhkm`tm á

quh`of sm m`bf`trhr bfk f futrf m f rm+

bf`lmbmr oamrm`tm om sa. Rò m`tâf f pf+

omrè vmrohomarhkm`tm hkhr.

2· H bhstaohom á h prfpfsth brastâ phrh

h vavç`bah oh smxuhcaohom. Bf`sfh`tm

f smu msthof# bhoh brastâf omvm prfbu+

rhr fs kmafs `mbmssèrafs phrh hzmr oh

suh vaoh uk htf om hkfr hf smu smkm+

clh`tm# h mxmkpcf om Gmsus Brastf. _hk+ják îs pmssfhs lfkfssmxuhas á prfpfs+

tf f kmskf fjgmtavf7 –^mchs vartuoms om

hutfofkë`af# moubhofrhs oh cajmrohom

a`tmrafr m# îs vmzms# pmcf hpfaf om ukh

hkazhom omsa`tmrmsshoh# pmch frhäâf m

pmch drhäh shbrhkm`thc# pfomk m omvmk

hprfxakhr+sm# drhouhc m rmsfcuthkm`tm#

oh pmrmaäâf brastâ.‛ ,BAB :2=1!.

Gfsá HudustfOarmtfr of Omphrthkm`tf oh ^hstfrhc Ehkacahr

M`vam h suh qumstâf phrh

rmohbhfNgfr`hcprmsm`tm 

fu omaxm+h mk

 ehbmjffi.bfk&gfr`hcprmsm tm

^huch ZajmarfMoubhofrh om A`eê`bah

Rmr phrfquah`h

mk Cmarah

Rmr phrfquah`h mk Cmarah á vavm`bahr bmjrhäýms emstavhs kuatf rabhs# phrtaclhohphrtabaphohs m sm`tar qum h phròquah# hpshr om drh`om dmfdrhbhkm`tm# á ku

pmqum`h `f qum tfbh î phrtabaphäâf `vèrafs drupfs qum a`tmdrhk f trhjhclf prfquahc.Á ukh phròquah om baohom# rmbmjm qu`mch trhjhclh m mstuoh# m assf á jmk vasë`f `÷kmrf om brah`ähs qum ermqum`thkvèrafs bm`trfs om bhtmqumsm# `f `÷kmrf

jhtaskfs# f trhjhclf om bhrtòraf phrfqukhs âf sm sm`tm mk bhoh ofka`df `hs cmjrhäýms# `h phrtabaphäâf oh vaoh bfkutèrah. _rhth+sm om ukh phròquah bfk vèrbm`trfs om buctf qum oaspmrshk m bfkpkmtmk# pfr vmzms# h u`aohom m aom`taohoh pròprah phròquah# hssak f sa`tf(Bfkf phrfquah`h om Cmarah# pm`sf qum`fssf omshf á shjmr hbfclmr qumk `

–vasath‛ m bf``fsbf qumr phrtaclhr h suh bhtavh`of+fs# a`bcua`of+fs# bfrrmspf`shcazh`of+fs# phrh qum bf`sadhkfs brmsbfkf bfku`aohom phrh hcák oh fraddmfdrèbh.

H`h ^huch Rh`tfs^sabòcfdh

H Kassh phrh hs brah`ähs

khas –htrhtavh‛

H phròquah om Cmarah tmk kuaths bfashs pf+satavhs. _m`of qum ehzmr hcduk omsthqum# rm+

rf ouhs a`statuaäýms om rmemrç`bah f hpfaf

sfbahc7 f Bm`trf Rfbahc m ^hrfquahc ^hucf UAm f BHC + Bm`trf om Hbfclakm`tf om Cmarah.^fr futrf chof# pm`sf qum h Kassh phrh hsbrah`ähs pfomrah tmr futrf akphbtf m smrkhas –htrhtavh‛# ush`of phchvrhs sakpcms `hbfku`abhäâf bfk mchs m ehzm`of h h`akh+äâf bfk bê`tabfs homquhofs î suh aohom.Rudmstâf7 a`statuar h rmhcazhäâf om bf`bmr+

tfs om òrdâf `h Rá# ehzm`of hpmcf hf km+bm`htf bucturhc# bfk m`trhoh cavrm.

Gfâf Harms @mvmsMstuoh`tm

Omsm`vfcvmr`fvfs prfgmtfs

H phròquah om Cmarah tmk hbfkph`lhof mbukpraof f bhcm`oèraf cat÷rdabf# omsm`vfc+vm`of hs suhs a`abahtavhs m bmcmjrhäýms bfkjhsm `f kftm ohof pmcf ^hph phrh qummstm h`f smgh f *H`f oh Eá‛.H vavç`bah oh eá tmk mvfcuëof `f sm`taofom ukh khafr hjmrturh h vèrafs kfvakm`+tfs m hf m`vfcvakm`tf om vèrafs drupfs ompmssfhs qum# gu`thkm`tm bfk fs pèrfbfsm msbutmarfs oh Oafbmsm# tçk bf`smduaofkfjacazhr h bfku`aohom mk mvm`tfs pf`+tuhas# bfkf efa f bhsf oh Emsth oh Eá# qumbf`smduau gu`thr kaclhrms om gfvm`s m houc+tfs# sm`sajacazh`of h pfpuchäâf phrh ukh`fvh oakm`sâf oh eá bfkf hcdf qum `fsmstakuch# a`bm`tavh m `fs kfvm phrh h bf`s+truäâf om ukh sfbamohom kmclfr.Mkjfrh mstm tapf om a`abahtavhs tm`lhk saofpfsatavhs pmcf a`tmrmssm qum omspmrthrhk`h bfku`aohom brastâ m cmadh# h ^hròquahpfomrè ha`oh hjrar msphäf hf omsm`vfcva+km`tf om `fvfs prfgmtfs mspmbahckm`tmoaradaofs hfs gfvm`s# qum sm`tmk h `mbms+saohom om# bhoh vmz khas# tmr uk phpmc vmr+ohomarhkm`tm htavf m oa`êkabf h phròquahom Cmarah.

Xum hblh oh phròquah om Cmarah^mrdu`th

oh smkh`h

^ZMRM@_M CMAZAH+EÈ_AKH ‒ Rmkh`èraf Oafbmsh`f9 Zmdastf `h MZB7 8>::5:9 Oarmtfr7 Bhrcfs Khdhclâms om

Bhrvhclf ,oarmtfrNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt!9 Hssmssfrah om oarmäâf7 Ashjmc @hzhrá ,ashjmc.`hzhrmNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt!9

Zmohäâf ,rmohbhfNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt!7 Hrkh`oh Jhca`lh# Gfhquak Rh`tfs ,B^ 4428!# Cuës Kadumc Emrrhz ,B^ =>:2!#

Rh`ora`h Ehusta`f9 ^rfgmtf drèebf m phda`häâf7 ^hucf Horah`f ,phda`hbhfNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt!9 ^ujcabaohom m

Hssa`hturhs7 Khrdhraoh Dhsphr ,>1l2>+82l2>!9 Bf`thtfs7 _mc. )2=8 :?? <:8 8>> • Mkhac7 prmsm`tmNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.

pt9 ^rfpramohom m moatfr7 Eu`ohäâf Rad`as • Oarmtfr7 Uatfr Bfuta`lf • 8>>- of Bhpathc7 Oafbmsm om Cmarah+Eètakh9

@AE =8>=>?5219 Rmom oh Zmohäâf&Moatfr7 Z. Gfhquak Zajmarf Bhrvhclf# `.· 5># Rmka`èraf Oafbmsh`f# :?8?+>88

Cmarah9 Akprmssâf m mxpmoaäâf7 Mkprmsh of Oaèraf of Ka`lf# Coh • Jrhdh • _mc. :=22>284> • Ehx :=22>28489

Ompòsatf Cmdhc7 854:&<29 ^mrafoabaohom 7 Rha î qua`th+emarh9 _arhdmk omsth moaäâf7 =.>>> mxmkpchrms.

eablh táb`abh

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82 om gu`lf om :>82 •

   O   Z

_MKH OM BH^H ¹¹

B@M Cmarah

H fräh of msbutaskfMk 81:=# ofas h`fs hpòs f hphrmbakm`+

tf of msbutaskf mk ^frtudhc# á brahof mk

Cmarah# gu`tf î Rá# f drupf om Msbutmarfs `·

8?# qum phrtabapfu bfk uk bf`ta`dm`tm om

2> rhphzms# `f 8· Hbhkphkm`tf @hbaf`hc

qum sm rmhcazfu mk Hcgujhrrfth. Mk 812<#

rmhcazfu+sm f UA Hbhkphkm`tf @hbaf`hc#

`h Xua`th om R. Um`ê`baf. Efa uk hbf`tmba+

km`tf `h vaoh of kfvakm`tf msbuth `h ba+

ohom# pfrák# `âf fa f suebam`tm m# mk 81?>#

f Drupf 8? á ohof bfkf mxta`tf.

Efrhk prmbasfs 8> h`fs# phrh qum# mk

81=># Gfsá Dhchkjh om Fcavmarh oa`hkazhs+

sm quhtrf pmssfhs h phrtabaphr `uk bhk+

pf+msbfch mk Jrhdh omsta`hof h frkhr oa+

radm`tms. @f smduakm`tf omssh a`abahtavh#

surdau f Bcâ `· 8 of Hdruphkm`tf 2= ‒ Rm+

ka`èraf om Cmarah. Mk 81=<# f phorm Ghba`+tf om Rfush Dac# qum ta`lh saof uk ofs mcm+

km`tfs of Bcâ of Rmka`èraf# vmaf phrh h R á

bfkf bfhogutfr m# hqua# u`oh f `fvf m htuhc

hdruphkm`tf 8:4 ‒ Rá Cmarah# qum á uk ofs

trçs hdruphkm`tfs qum mxastmk `h baohom#

hcák of 445 ‒ Bruz oh Hrmah m of 881< ‒ Rh`+

tf Hdfsta`lf.

H häâf omstms trçs hdruphkm`tfs

hjrh`dm bmrbh om :>> brah`ähs m gfvm`s#

sm`of qum smkh`hckm`tm fs smus oara+

dm`tms ,=> `f bf`gu`tf ofs 2 hdruphkm`+

tfs! trh`skatmk h mstms gfvm`s# htrhvás of

kátfof msbutasth# bf`lmbakm`tfs m vhcf+

rms bf`trajua`of phrh h moubhäâf a`tmd

ohs brah`ähs m g fvm`s tfr`h`of+fs mk ho

tfs bf`sbam`tms m brëtabfs ohs bfku`aoho

f`om rmsaomk# `fkmhohkm`tm `h ^hròq

om Cmarah. Hs htavaohoms sâf vhrahohs# o

thbh`of+sm `fs ÷ctakfs h`fs h phrtabap

äâf mk hbhkphkm`tfs th`tf mk ^frtu

bfkf `f Mstrh`dmarf# häýms om vfcu`thr

of m ha`oh m`vfcvakm`tf mk oamrm`tms h

vaohoms phrfquahas.

Zmbm`tmkm`tm# fs msbutmarfs khr

rhk ukh frtm prmsm`äh `h Emsth oh

f`om frdh`azhrhk m oa`hkazhrhk h hta

ohom $Bhstmc$î Msbuth$ . ^hrh ^morf Hsbm

sf# blmm rmdaf`hc of B@M Cmarah m rmspf`

vmc pmch frdh`azhäâf of mvm`tf# –f m`bf`

`h vmclh frthcmzh kmoamvhc tmvm bfkf f

gmtavf# âf sò oavucdhr f msbutaskf# khs ha`oh ukh rmmrç`bah `h rmdaâf phrh h

kmkfrhäâf of Oah oh Brah`äh‛. –H hbta

ohom $Bhstmc$î Msbuth$ kfvakm`tfu bmrbh

2=>> brah`ähs m gfvm`s m fa uk drh`om s

bmssf# htá pfrqum bf`trajuau phrh h vav

bah of akhda`èraf *Râf @u`f ‒ Mk fkm

Zma`f*# hofthof pmcf \\ HBHZMD# hbhk

km`tf rmdaf`hc om Cmarah qum smrè rmhcazh

bfk h prmsm`äh om 8<>> msbutmarfs# f Bh

pf Msbutasth oh Jhthclh# f pròxakf kçs

Hdfstf‛# rasfu ^morf @fdumarh# blmm

daf`hc hogu`tf oh Gu`th Zmdaf`hc om Cmar

^hròquah om Cmarah tmk khas om ukh o÷zah om frdh`azhäýms rmcadafshs

Lfkm`s m Kuclmrms sfcaoèrafs…mk `fkm om Omus

Khas om ukh o÷zah om frdh`azhäýms m kfvakm`tfs

rmcadafsfs bf+mxastmk `h phròquah om Cmarah. Kuatfs

vavmk ‒ m oâf oad`aohom î vaoh ofs qum hguohk ‒ î

kmrbç oh jm`mvfcç`bah oh bfku`aohom m hpfafs

om phrbmarfs pf`tuhas. _fofs tçk uk fjgmtavfbfkuk7 tfr`hr km`fs pm`fsfs fs bhka`lfs# pfr

vmzms sa`ufsfs# pfr f`om h`ohk kuatfs cmaram`sms.

H phchvrh om fromk á eá. Eá m kuath omoabhäâf h bhoh

ukh ohs smdua`tms fjrms bhushs

Hrkh`oh Jhca`lhhrkh`oh.jhca`lhNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt

Bm`trf Rfbahc m ^hrfquahc ^hucf UA

H khafr A^RR of oastratf om CmarahRmdu`of h ]`aâf Oastrathc ohs A^RR#

f Bm`trf Rfbahc m ^hrfquahc ^hucf UA á h

khafr A^RR of oastratf# oh`of rmspfsth h vè+

rahs rmhcaohoms oamrm`tms. –_mkfs mmtavh+

km`tm ukh oakm`sâf sfbahc kuatf drh`om‛#

herkh f phorm Df`ähcf Oa`az# prmsaom`tm

oh Oarmäâf of ^hucf UA# qum m`dcfjh f @a+

`lf# qum tmk brmblm# ghroak a`h`tac m H_C

m hjrh`dm f Chr Rh`th Ashjmc# f`om sâf hbf+

claohs km`a`hs bf`ehohs pmcf traju`hc pm+

chs khas vhrahohs rhzýms. –A`bcua ha`oh uk

smrvaäf sfbahc omsm`vfcvaof pfr trçs táb`a+

bhs qum hzmk tfof uk trhjhclf om hbfk+

ph`lhkm`tf sfbahc m psabfcòdabf om hkë+

cahs jm`mebaèrahs of rm`oakm`tf sfbahc om

a`tmdrhäâf m om kuaths futrhs satuhäýms om

rasbf‛# hoah`th f pèrfbf om Cmarah ,vmr m`trm+

vasth `h ë`tmdrh `hs pèda`hs < m 1!# rash`+

of ha`oh qum –sâf thkják mchs qum zmchk

pmcf Jharrf of ^htrakò`af qum sm m`bf`trh

`h Bruz oh Hrmah khs qum á prfpramohom of

Bm`trf Rfbahc ^hrfquahc ^hucf UA‛.

H Bfku`aohom Zuh ^hucf UA á futrh

ohs vhcç`bahs of Bm`trf# hssm`tm `hs hta

ohoms omspfrtavhs.

Hs rmspfsths sfbahas ohohs p mcf Bm`

sâf om drh`om bhphbaohom. –Rò `f @a`lf

kfs 1> brah`ähs mk brmblm# 8:= mk ghro

a`h`tac m :> `f H_C. @f Chr Rh`th Ashjmc

kfs ?> km`a`hs ofs 5 hfs :8 h`fs‛# quh

taebh Df`ähcf Oa`az# bf`saomrh`of qum#

tavássmkfs bhphbaohom phrh khas utm`

khas tmrëhkfs‛.

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82 om gu`lf om :>? •

«« _MKH OM BH^H ¹¹

Bm`trf om Hbfclakm`tf

om Cmarah

F kë`akf qum

h oad`aohomlukh`h mxadm

]k kaclâf m trmzm`+

ths m ba`qum`th kac rmma+

äýms frhk smrvaohs pmcf

Bm`trf om Hbfclakm`tf om

Cmarah ,BHC!# m`trm smtmk+

jrf om 811< m omzmkjrf

om :>8:. Omsom h suh u`+

ohäâf# vmrabhoh h 8= om

smtmkjrf om 811<# f Bm`+

trf prmtm`omu smr –uk ms+

phäf om hpfaf hfs mxbcuë+

ofs f`om# drhtuathkm`tm#

sm pfssh fmrmbmr f kë`a+

kf qum h oad`aohom lu+

kh`h mxadm‛. Hbfclmr tf+

ofs quh`tfs kh`amstmk

bhrç`bahs prakèrahs# phrhqum sm shtashähk bfk rms+

pmatf m oad`aohom hs suhs

`mbmssaohoms# smghk quhas

frmk hs satuhäýms m hs rh+

zýms# á h pra`baphc ca`lh

bf`outfrh of Bm`trf# qum

hbfclm pmssfhs mk rutu+

rh hkacahr&asfchkm`tf fu

mk prfbmssf om hjh`of`f#

mxbcuëofs sfbahas# omsmk+

prmdhofs om cf`dh ourhäâf

smk prftmäâf sfbahc ,suj+

sëoaf om omsmkprmdf!# smk

hjradf# ompm`om`tms om tò+

xabfs ,hcbffcaskf m tfxabf+

ompm`oç`bah!# ofm`tms om

`hturmzh psaquaètrabh# ms+

trh`dmarfs mk satuhäâf om

omsmkprmdf m&fu mxbcusâf

sfbahc# vëtakhs om vafcç`+

bah ofkástabh# pfrthofrms

om ofm`ähs a`mbafshs m mx+

+rmbcusfs# m`trm futrfs.

Hf cf`df ofs ÷ctakfs

h`fs# h prfjcmkètabh of+

ka`h`tm oh pfpuchäâf qum

rmbfrrm hf Bm`trf om Hbf+

clakm`tf om Cmarah tmk

va`of h hctmrhr+sm. –Râf

omsmkprmdhofs om cf`+

dh ourhäâf# pmssfhs asfch+

ohs bugf supfrtm hkacahr

om rmthduhroh á a`mxas+

tm`tm fu bf`eatufsf# bfk

drh`om a`baoç`bah om ph+

tfcfdahs psaquaètrabhs m om+

prmssavhs# sm`of+`fs sf+

cabathof pmcfs smrvaäfs om

sh÷om# qum m`bhka`lhk#

h supmrvasâf phrh h tfkh

oh kmoabhäâf prmsbrath m

bukprakm`tf ohs bf`suc+

ths om hbfkph`lhkm`tf‛#

mxpcabh Moatm _fgmarh# mou+

bhofrh sfbahc of BHC.

Zma`smrar h pmssfh `h

bfku`aohom fu hkëcah mtrh`skatar+clms h km`sh+

dmk om qum sâf mcms fs pra`+

baphas bf`outfrms ohs suhs

vaohs á f fjgmtavf of BHC#

bugf rmduchkm`tf prmvç

bfkf tmkpf cakatm om pmr+

kh`ç`bah `h a`statuaäâf

bmrbh om trçs kmsms. –^f+

rmk# `mk tfohs hs satuh+

äýms sâf om rmsfcuäâf pfs+

sëvmc om`trf omstm pmrëfof#

pfas ompm`omk oh bhphba+

ohom om hutf`fkah om bhoh

a`oavëouf# of tmkpf om rms+

pfsth om bhoh smrvaäf bfk

fs quhas hrtabuchkfs m trh+

jhclhkfs mk rmom# m ha`+

oh of tapf om prfjcmkèta+

bh hprmsm`thoh‛# bf`mssh h

moubhofrh sfbahc.

F Bm`trf om Hbfcla+

km`tf á ukh fjrh oh ph+

ròquah om Cmarah qum# `âf

tm`of quhcqumr sujsëoaf

msththc# hssukm tfohs hs

omspmshs. –H a`statuaäâf

sfjrmvavm bfk f hpfaf om

hcdu`s ofs phrbmarfs# khs

khafrathrahkm`tm sâf fs

of`htavfs.

Msbfch om Efrkhäâf

Rfbahc Zurhc om Cmarah

@fvf bursf

phrh pròxakfh`f cmtavf

H Msbfch om Efrkh+

äâf Rfbahc Zurhc om Cma+rah ,MEZRC! fa brahoh mk

81=5# sm`of ukh a`statua+

äâf smk `s cubrhtavfs#

bfk smom `h Xua`th of

Hkphrf# Khrrhzms# Cmarah.

Fatf h`fs khas throm# fa

u`ohoh h Hssfbahäâf om

Moubhäâf m Bucturh# pfr

kf`sm`lfr Gfsá Dhchkjh

om Fcavmarh# phrh smr f su+

pfrtm gurëoabf oh MEZRC# h

qumk omaxfu f smu phtra+

kò`af. H hssfbahäâf dmrm

mssm phtrakò`af# prmsth

hpfaf î Msbfch om Efrkh+

äâf Rfbahc Zurhc om Cmarah

`h èrmh `h`bmarh m msph+

äfs ësabfs.

H Msbfch frkfu a`a+

bahckm`tm hdm`tms om Mou+

bhäâf Ehkacahr Zurhc m#

pfstmrafrkm`tm# moubhof+

rms sfbahas. Fs hcu`fs rmh+

cazhk# `f ÷ctakf h`f of

bursf# uk mstèdaf prfs+

saf`hc mk a`statuaäýms cadh+

ohs î èrmh sfbahc# `fkmh+

ohkm`tm# chrms# ghroa`s om

a`ê`bah# H_C m a`statua+

äýms bfk utm`tms pfrth+

ofrms om ombaç`bahs. @f

prmsm`tm h`f cmtavf# rm+qum`thk f Bursf om Mou+

bhäâf Rfbahc =< hcu`fs.

H Msbfch á `h`bah+

oh htrhvás ofs u`ofs of

OZM@# khas mspmbabh+

km`tm pmcf ^F^L ,^rf+

drhkh Fpmrhbaf`hc ftm`+

bahc Lukh`f! m bf`th bfk

ukh mquaph om trhjhclf

om := prfmssfrms# uk psa+

bòcfdf# uk hoka`astrhta+

vf# quhtrf u`baf`èrafs m

uk vfcu`tèraf.

H Msbfch om Efrkh+

äâf Rfbahc Zurhc om Cmarah

mstè# htuhckm`tm# h omsm`+

vfcvmr msfräfs phrh hchr+

dhr h suh fmrth moubhtavh#

hjra`of uk `fvf bursf

phrh f pròxakf h`f cmtavf.

Hs a`sbraäýms phrh f Bur+

sf om Moubhäâf Rfbahc gè sm

m`bf`trhk hjmrths# jmk

bfkf h prá+a`sbraäâf phrh

f fvf bursf.

Bfcádaf om @fssh

Rm`lfrh om Eètakh

]k prfgmtf

moubhtavfbfk euturf

Eu`ohof mk 81:? m

omsad`hof a`abahckm`tm

pfr ^htrf`htf# f Bfcádaf

om @fssh Rm`lfrh om Eèta+

kh tmk htuhckm`tm kmaf

kaclhr om hcu`fs. F Bfcá+

daf omoabh+sm î moubhäâf

om brah`ähs m hofcmsbm`+

tms omsom f rá + Msbfchr hf

1· h`f om msbfchraohom# bf+

chjfrh thkják bfk h ph+

ròquah oh Rá m bfk h Oaf+

bmsm# quh`of sfcabathof#

hssmdurh`of ha`oh vasa+

ths h ofm`tms m aofsfs m ms+tm`om`of h suh häâf om sf+

caohramohom phrh bfkf fs

khas pfjrms# sfjrmtuof of

Bm`trf om Hbfclakm`tf om

Cmarah.

F Bfcádaf á fram`thof

pmchs Arkâs Ofka`abh`hs

om Rh`th Bhthra`h om Rm`h#

om hbfrof bfk uk prfgm+

tf moubhtavf jhsmhof `f

Mvh`dmclf# –prfburh ukh

frkhäâf dcfjhc of hcu`f#

smdua`of f aomhc pmohdò+

dabf oh u`ohofrh + _mrmsh

om Rhcoh`lh + hssm`tm `h

bhphbaohom om frkhr f ms+

përatf# f bfrhäâf m h a`tmca+

dç`bah# `ukh rmchäâf prò+

xakh# hmtavh m bf`h`tm

m tm`of bfkf rmmrç`bah m

kfomcf h pmssfh om Gmsus

Brastf# f Lfkmk ^mrmatf‛#

mxpcabh h arkâ Khrah Kh+

`umc.

–Omsom smkprm om+

sm`vfcvmkfs uk hkjam`+

tm hkacahr om hmtf m om

hkazhom m`trm tfofs fs

moubhofrms# moubh`ofs m

futrfs mcmkm`tfs oh bf+

ku`aohom moubhtavh# u

hkjam`tm om hutf+bf

truäâf9 om moubhäâf pmr

`hcazhoh9 om vavç`bah o

vhcfrms lukh`fs m br

tâfs# `f rmspmatf# `h htm

äâf hf futrf# `h vmroh

`h hkazhom m `h sfcao

ramohom9 `h bhphbaohom

bf`struar kuoh`äh‛# rm

rm hqumch rmspf`sèvmc p

Bfcádaf# bf`saomrh`of m

–uk hkjam`tm f`om tfo

sm sa`thk mcazms‛.

–Mstm bcakh# qum qumr om lhrkf`ah m q

fkm`th hs rmchäýms

bahas m fs hmtfs# hcakm`

f dfstf pmcf shjmr m á

tëkucf phrh uk kmcl

omsmkpm`lf m subms

kftavf pmcf quhc# m prfb

rh`of ukh frkhäâf a`

drhc# –f Bfcádaf á ukh ms

ch+hkëcah hjmrth‛# f`om

bfchjfrhäâf bfk fs m`b

rmdhofs om moubhäâf m p

bmarfs sfbahas á uk drh`

fjgmtavf.

Mstâf m`vfcvao

`mstm prfgmtf bmrbh om

moubhofrms# m`trm prf

sfrms h tmkpf a`tmarf# p

mssfrms bfchjfrhofrms

huchs mxtrh+burrabuchrm

hpfafs# m futrfs u`baf`

rafs. –F Bfcádaf tmrè u

rf# ohohs hs kuaths sfc

thäýms m pmch htuhcaoh

of smu prfgmtf moubhtav

prfburhrè smkprm brms

mk a`fvhäâf m mk htuh

zhäâf pmohdòdabh‛# bf`b

h arkâ Khrah Kh`umc.

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   h   `   t   f   R

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7/22/2019 4133 P3 2013-06-13

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82 om gu`lf om :>82 •

«« _MKH OM BH^H @H OAFBMRM

Drupf om Uaoh Brastâ

‒ DU\

^hrtaclhr

pmrbursfbrastâf

Bf`lmbmr+sm h sa prò+

praf# a`tmrmsshr+sm pmcf fu+

trf m hprm`omr h phrtaclhr

f qum sm vavm. Mstms sâf fs

pra`bëpafs jèsabfs of Dru+

pf om Uaoh Brastâ ,DU\!#

qum omm`om m prhtabh h

phrtaclh om uk pmrbursf

brastâf mk drupf phrh hof+

cmsbm`tms m gfvm`s of 4· hf

8:· h`f om msbfchraohom#

smdu`of h Msparatuhcaohom

A`hbah`h# f kfof om fclhrm vavmr h mxpmraç`bah bh+

tòcabh prfpfstf pfr Rh`+

tf A`èbaf om Cfyfch# u`+

ohofr oh Bfkph`lah om

Gmsus ,Gmsuëths!. Fs DU\

sâf jhsmhofs `h mxpmraç`+

bah oh BU\ ‒ Bfku`aohom

om Uaoh Brastâ# oarmbaf`h+

oh phrh houctfs# mxastm`tm

pfr tfof f ku`of. Ehzmr

ukh cmaturh brëtabh oh rmh+

caohom# tm`of bfkf jhsm

f Mvh`dmclf# omsbfjrar

hs khrhvaclhs oh vaoh m

hprm`omr h a`tmdrhr hs oa+

bucohoms om bhoh oah# m`+

bf`trh`of Omus `f qufta+

oah`f m hprm`omr h rmzhr

mk drupf sâf futrhs ohs

prfpfsths of DU\.

H bf`statuaäâf of pra+

kmarf drupf DU\ fs –Uò+

katfs Msparatuhas‛# fbfr+

rmu mk :>88# khs pfr

lhvmr vèrafs a`tmrmsshofs

bf`statuau+sm uk smdu`of

drupf DU\ mk :>82# ofs

–B.Z.M.O.F. ‒ Brastf Zms+

pf`om# Mxpmrakm`th Ohr+

Clm Fuvaofs‛. Htuhckm`+

tm# fs ofas drupfs DU\ om

Cmarah sâf bfkpfstfs pfr

:? hofcmsbm`tms&gfvm`s#

bfk aohoms bfkprmm`+

oaohs m`trm fs 8: m fs 85

h`fs# quhtrf h`akhofrms

m uk hssastm`tm msparatuhc.

–^rfburh+sm hohpthr

h ca`duhdmk# fs kátfofs

m fs supfrtms bfku`abh+

baf`has î rmhcaohom om uk

hofcmsbm`tm&gfvmk oh sm+

du`oh oábhoh of sábucf\\A9 hprmsm`thr uk Omus

pròxakf# ë`takf# qum lh+

jath f fssf quftaoah`f9 cm+

vhr f hofcmsbm`tm h hprf+

u`ohr hs suhs rmchäýms

bf`sadf kmskf# bfk fs

futrfs m bfk Omus‛# hoah`+

th ha`oh Rárdaf Ef`smbh#

bffrom`hofr of prfgmtf.

Mstms fjgmtavfs bf`brmta+

zhk+sm hf cf`df om bhoh

h`f# htrhvás om rmu`aýms

qua`zm`has# qum fbfrrmk

îs smxths+marhs# ohs :>l2>

îs :2l2># `hs shchs oh bh+

tmqumsm oh Rá om Cmarah. Hs

rmu`aýms a`abahk bfk uk

gh`thr phrtaclhof# hpòs

f quhc sâf rmhcazhohs oa+

vmrshs oa`êkabhs m htava+

ohoms prmphrhohs pmcfs

h`akhofrms ,m# fbhsaf`hc+

km`tm# pmcfs hofcmsbm`+

tms&gfvm`s!# bfkf omjhtms#

trhjhclfs om drupf# htava+

ohoms c÷oabf+bucturhas# gf+

dfs# kfkm`tfs om frhäâf

pmssfhc&bf`gu`th m fram`+

thäýms om vaoh phrh f quf+

taoah`f.

Kfvakm`tf Bhtòcabf

om Mstuoh`tms

Umr# gucdhr m

hdar `f kmafmstuoh`tac

Mk 81<># Cmarah hssas+

tah hf surdakm`tf om uk

kfvakm`tf bhtòcabf# qum

varah h bhushr akphtf `f

kmaf mstuoh`tac. F Kfva+

km`tf Bhtòcabf om Mstu+

oh`tms ,KBM! surdau oh

häâf bhtòcabh m `hsbmu oh

gu`äâf oh Guvm`tuom Ms+

tuoh`tac Bhtòcabh ,GMB! m ohGuvm`tuom ]`avmrsatèrah

Bhtòcabh ,G]B!.

F KBM mstè prmsm`+

tm `h oafbmsm om Cmarah+

Eètakh# omsom 81<1# m tmk

bfkf pra`baphc kassâf h

mvh`dmcazhäâf `f kmaf ms+

tuoh`tac. Hssak# –f kfva+

km`tf prfpfrbaf`h uk

msphäf hjmrtf# om prfbu+

rh# om omjhtm m om brmsba+

km`tf bfk f futrf# tm`+

of bfkf fjgmbtavf h häâf

bf`brmth f kmaf mstuoh`+

tac‛# bfkf rmmrm Rhrh ^hu+

ca`f# bffrom`hofrh oafbm+

sh`h of kfvakm`tf# qum

sm frdh`azh mk pmqum`fs

drupfs qum rm÷`mk smkh+

`hckm`tm# smdu`of f Ká+

tfof om Zmvasâf om Uaoh

,vmr# gucdhr m hdar!. Msths rm+

u`aýms bf`thk bfk h prm+

sm`äh om gfvm`s mstuoh`+

tms omsom f m`sa`f jèsabf ,h

phrtar of 4· h`f! htá hf m`+

sa`f supmrafr# qum sâf oava+

oaofs pfr msbfchs m smtfrms.

Hcák ohs rmu`aýms smkh+

`has# mxastmk thkják m`+

bf`trfs pmrafoabfs ,om ofasfu trçs oahs m uk hbhkph+

km`tf om vmrâf bfk ourh+

äâf om ukh smkh`h!# qum

sm rmdmk smdu`of f kms+

kf kátfof# khs bughs rm+

emxýms sâf khas a`tm`shs.

–F Kfvakm`tf prfburh

qum fs gfvm`s mstuoh`tms

mstmghk htm`tfs hf qum h+

zmk# î msbfch f`om sm m`+

bf`trhk m î sfbamohom

f`om sm a`smrmk# phrh hs+

sak ohrmk f smu bf`tra+

jutf `h bf`struäâf om uk

uturf kmclfr# smdua`of

f mxmkpcf qum Gmsus Bras+

tf `fs omaxfu‛# rmmrm Rhrh

^huca`f.

Bf`erhrah @fssh Rm`lfrh

oh M`bhr`häâf

_mkpcf ofs

kachdrms om@fssh Rm`lfrh

Mk 8==?# f prakma+

rf jaspf om Cmarah# O. Erma

Jrès om Jhrrfs# kh`ofu

bf`struar ukh mrkaoh om

omvfäâf hf Hrbh`gf Râf

Dhjramc m h @fssh Rm`lf+

rh oh M`bhr`häâf. H 88 om

guclf om 8=<<# fbfrrmu fprakmarf kachdrm htrajuë+

of h @fssh Rm`lfrh. Ruzh+

`h Oahs# qum vavah m`trm+

vhoh lhvah :< h`fs# tmvm

ourh`tm uk sf`lf h vasâf

qum a`of î Bhpmch om @fs+

sh Rm`lfrh oh M`bhr`h+

äâf bhrah burhoh. Hssak

mz m ourh`tm h kassh sm`+

tau+sm burhoh. Bf`sth qum

sm prfouzarhk futrfs ka+

chdrms cfdf `f kmskf oah

m smdua`tms# bfkmäh`of h

hkh ofs kachdrms om @fs+

sh Rm`lfrh oh M`bhr`häâf

h htrhar hs pfpuchäýms ofs

hrrmofrms om Cmarah# qum

hbfrrahk mk rfkhdmk#

frdh`azh`of prfbassýms

bfk fmrths.

Hssak cfdf sm pm`+

sfu mk mrdumr uk `fvf

tmkpcf# sm`of hjm`äfhoh

h prakmarh pmorh f oah :?

om smtmkjrf om 8=<< m bf`+

bcuëof mk 85>>. Ourh`tm h

bf`struäâf fbfrrmu khas

uk kachdrm f quhc á cmk+

jrhof `h bh`thrah of Rh`+

tuèraf. Mk 8=<<# from`fu+

sm ukh Bf`rhrah# oh qu

mrh guazh O. Jratms Ch

oh Bhsh ofs Khrqum

om Uach Zmhc. H Bf`rhr

ha`oh mxastm`tm# á h m`tao

om zmchofrh oh adrmgh m

zf`h m`vfcvm`tm.

Htuhckm`tm# h Bfrhrah kh`ták vavf f b

tf h @fssh Rm`lfrh oh M

bhr`häâf# sm`of lmrom

oh trhoaäâf a`statuëoh

8=<<# tm`of bfkf fjgm

vfs prfkfvmr f buctf

Uardmk Khrah# `f Rh`tu

raf oh phorfmarh oh baoh

om Cmarah9 mstakuchr fs

kâfs î sh`taohom m su

dhr fs gè hcmbaofs9 prms

vhr tfof f phtrakò`af

Rh`tuèraf9 fkm`thr mvm

tfs om fromk rmcadafsh#

bahc m bucturhc# sò# fu

phrbmrah bfk futrhs m`

ohoms9 ohr hpfaf îs bfcm

vaohoms bfk `s sfbah

bf`bmomr jfcshs om mstu

m hguohr fs p fjrms# smk

qum smgh pfssëvmc.

Fs smus oahs mstav

sâf h M`bhr`häâf of U

jf# h := om khräf# h kmk

rah of prakmarf kachdrm

88 om guclf# h Hssu`ä

om @fssh sm`lfrh# h 8=

Hdfstf m# mk `fvmkj

fs surèdafs pmcfs arkâf

jm`matfrms hcmbaofs.

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Umgh h a`tmr`mt f *ehslkfj*

qum f KBM brafu...

,Cmah mstm bòoadfbfk h hpcabhäâfof smu tmcmkòvmc(!

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7/22/2019 4133 P3 2013-06-13

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82 om gu`lf om :>5 •

_MKH OM BH^H @H OAFBMRM ¹¹

8= m 85 om gu`lf

Kassaf`èrafs oh Jfh @fvh 

mk pmrmdra`häâfH Rfbamohom Kassaf`è+

rah oh Jfh @fvh mstè h frdh+

`azhr h suh ?4.ª ^mrmdra`häâfKassaf`èrah hf Rh`tuèraf om

Eètakh. H a`abahtavh ombfrrm+

rè `fs oahs 8= m 85 om Gu`lf m

tmrè bfkf tmkh om rmmxâf h

prfpfsth qum @fssh Rm`lfrh

om Eètakh mz hfs ^hstfra`lfs#

`h suh smdu`oh hphraäâf mk

82 om Gu`lf om 81847 –@âf tm+

`lhas kmof‛.

Zmbfrom+sm qum fs Kas+

saf`èrafs a`hudurhrhk rmbm`+

tmkm`tm f Bm`trf Ufbhbaf`hc

m Zmsaom`bahc of Blajutf# Kf+

ähkjaqum. H bmrakò`ah bf`tfu

bfk h prmsm`äh oh Rrh. Ka`as+

trh oh Kuclmr m oh Häâf Rfbahc

om Kfähkjaqum# M`dm`lmarh

Afch`oh Ba`turh Rmuh`m m RuhMxbah. f Ka`astrf oh Rfcaoh+

ramohom m Rmdurh`äh Rfbahc om

^frtudhc# Or. ^morf Kfth Rfh+

rms# m`trm futrhs hutfraohoms

bavas m rmcadafshs cfbhas.

F Bm`trf tmk bhphbaoh+

om phrh 5> hcu`fs a`tmr`fs. Gè

mstâf h u`baf`hr `f Bm`trf

hcdu`s bursfs bfkf A`frkè+

tabh# A`dcçs# Bf`thjacaohom m

Dmstâf# K÷sabh m uk Bursf

Káoaf om Hoka`astrhäâf ^u+

jcabh m Bfkárbaf.

84 om Gu`lf

Jaspfs# pfcëtabfs m mbf`fkasths

omjhtmk Ofutra`h Rfbahc 

H –mkmrdç`bah of Msthof

kfomr`f m h ofutra`h sfbahc

oh Adrmgh‛ m h –mvfcuäâf oh sf+

bamohom pfrtudumsh `f bhkpf

oh mbf`fkah `hs ÷ctakhs oá+

bhohs‛ smrâf tmkhs mk omjhtm

`hs pròxakhs Gfr`hohs ^hstf+

rhas oh Bf`mrm`bah Mpasbfphc

^frtudumsh# h rmhcazhr h oah 84#

mk Eètakh.

Râf bf`vaohofs phrh ms+

ths gfr`hohs om rmmxâf Ghakm

Dhkh# H`tò`af Jhrrmtf m Gfâf

Rhcdumarf# m`trm futrfs. H gu`+

thr+sm h mstms bf`mrm`basths#

hs gfr`hohs tmrâf ha`oh bfkf

a`tmrvm`am`tms O. Gfsá ^fca+

bhrpf# Kh`umc Jrhdh oh Bruz#

Gfâf Bhrcfs Msphoh# Zua Zh+

kfs m O. Khraf _fsf.–F pra`bëpaf oh sujsaoah+

ramohom m f vhcfr oh cajmrohom

bfkf acuka`häâf ohs u`äýms

of Msthof‛# –Ofutra`h Rfbahc

oh Adrmgh m `fvh mvh`dmcazh+

äâf‛ m –h mvfcuäâf bucturhc m

h mvfcuäâf oh sfbamohom pfr+

tudumsh‛ smrâf futrfs tmkhs h

hjfrohr `msths bf`mrç`bahs.

:> m :8 om Gu`lf

2:ª ^mrmdra`häâf ohs Efrähs

Hrkhohs m om Rmdurh`ähH Oafbmsm ohs Efrähs Hr+

khohs m om Rmdurh`äh prmph+

rh h 2:ª pmrmdra`häâf hf Rh`+

tuèraf om Eètakh. H a`abahtavh

rmpmtm+sm h`uhckm`tm omsom

81<8 m bf`bm`trh kaclhrms

om pmssfhs cadhohs îs Efrähs

Hrkhohs m îs Efrähs om Rmdu+

rh`äh# m`trm mcms hkacahrms m

hkadfs.

O. Gh`uèraf _frdhc Emr+

rmarh sujca`lfu gè pfr vèrahs

fbhsaýms qum –f omvmr ohqumcms

hdm`tms á msthr hf chof ofs qum

bf`ta`uhrâf smk msthtutf m`+

quh`tf f frduclf m f mdfëskf

frmk f bòoadf oh khafrah ofs

smtfrms of ku`of‛. –H kassâf

oh Oafbmsm# hsbaoh of bfrhäâf

om uk Omus hsshssa`hof m rm+

oavavf# `u`bh pfomrè smr phrh

oavaoar9 hf bf`trèraf# smkprm

smrè phrh u`ar m rmbf`bacahr‛#

rmhcäfu O. Gh`uèraf _frdhc

Emrrmarh# mk pmrmdra`häýms

h`tmrafrms.

@F RH@_]ÈZAF  

Kusmu om Hrtm Rhbrh m Mt`fcfdah# Eètakh

Hcu`fs mxpýmk trhjhclfs–Rm`tar# ^m`shr m Brahr‛ á f

tmkh oh mxpfsaäâf phtm`tm hf p÷+

jcabf `f Kusmu om Hrtm Rhbrh m Mt+

`fcfdah# mk Eètakh.

A`hudurhoh mk khaf `f êk+

jatf ohs bfkmkfrhäýms of Oah A`+

tmr`hbaf`hc ofs Kusmus# h mxpfsa+

äâf rmsucth om ukh phrbmrah bfk

h Cadh ofs Hkadfs of KHRM# Bm`+

trf om Mstuofs om Eètakh# Bfcádaf

om Râf Kadumc m Bfcádaf of Rhdrh+

of Bfrhäâf om Khrah.

Fs trhjhclfs sâf `h suh dm+

`mrhcaohom a`sparhofs `fs fjgmtfs

hrtëstabfs m mt`fdrèebfs ohs bf

äýms of kusmu fu mk pa`turhs

hrtasths om rm`fkm. Fs trhjhcl

omstms hcu`fs mstâf mxpfstfs

:1 om Rmtmkjrf. Htá cè# h mxpf

äâf pfom smr vasathoh ohs 8>l>>

81l>># m`bmrrh î smdu`oh+marh

Msbfchs Bhtòcabhs om Cmarah

]k hjrhäf î sfcaohramohom

Hs Msbfchs Bhtòcabhs om Cma+

rah rmspf`omrhk om frkh pfsata+

vh hf hpmcf ch`ähof pmcfs Káoabfs

of Ku`of bfk ukh khrblh sfca+

oèrah h hvfr oh pfpuchäâf vuc`m+

rèvmc om frtudhc m Kfähkjaqum.

H a`abahtavh gu`tfu hcu`fs#

phas m u`baf`èrafs oh Msbfch om

Efrkhäâf Rfbahc m Zurhc om Cmarah#

of Bfcádaf @fssh Rm`lfrh om Eèta+

kh m of Bfcádaf Bf`bacahr om Kh+

rah Akhbuchoh m`blm`of h ^rhäh

Zforadums Cfjf m ruhs barbu`oh`+

tms –om bfr m bfrhäýms‛# bfkf tmstm+

ku`lhrhk fs phrtabaph`tms.

Ourh`tm h khrblh# pmch khr+

dmk of raf Cas# fs phrtabaph`tms

trfbhrhk –bfrhäýms sfcaoèrafs‛ m

hpmchrhk î sfcaohramohom m phrta+

clh. F fjgmtavf oh htavaohom phs+

shvh pfr sm`sajacazhr hcu`fs m bf+

ku`aohom phrh h akpfrtê`bah of

mxmrbëbaf ësabf hssfbahof î sfca

ramohom. Hs oarmäýms ohs msbf

rmmrmk qum –fa ukh mxpmraçbah kuatf hdrhoèvmc m bmrthkm

tm phrh rmpmtar‛ ohof h suh a

pfrtê`bah `f –omsm`vfcvakm`

a`tmdrhc ofs hcu`fs‛. @f e`hc# gu

tf hf mstèoaf om Cmarah# hssastau

h ukh chrdhoh om pfkjfs ph

hcmdrah ofs prmsm`tms.

Mk tmkpfs om hustmraoh

msth fa h frkh ohs Msbfchs Bh

cabhs om Cmarah –hjrhährmk h sf

ohramohom‛ m –bf`trajuar phrh q

h sfbamohom# f uturf# smgh bf`

tuëoh pfr baohoâfs khas sfcaoèr

m homptfs oh gustaäh‛# rmmrmk

bfku`abhof m`vahof î rmohäâf

   O   Z

^hthahs

Emsths oh KácvfhChrdhs omzm`hs om phrfquah+

`fs phrtabaphrhk `h bmcmjrhäâf

khrah`h m `h prfbassâf om lfkm+

`hdmk h Rh`th Khrah Khohcm`h m

Râf Rmjhstaâf# ombfrraohs `h Kác+

vfh# phròquah om ^hthahs# `f phs+

shof ek om smkh`h. Mstm h`f# mpfr `âf lhvmr bfkassâf om ms+

ths# h frdh`azhäâf pmrtm`bmu h uk

drupf om lhjath`tms oh Kácvfh

qum sm gu`tfu –phrh qum h trhoaäâf

`âf tmrka`hssm‛.

@h fpa`aâf om Gfrdm Eacapm#

kmkjrf oh bfkassâf oh adrmgh# –fs

mstmgfs bfrrmrhk jmk# tm`of mk

bf`th hs oaebucohoms mbf`òka+

bhs oh pfpuchäâf‛. Mk rmsucthof

of mkpm`lf ofs trçs kmkjrfs oh

bfkassâf oh adrmgh cfbhc m om smas

kfrhofrms `h Kácvfh# ^haf# Bhshc

m Jrmga`lf# f prfdrhkh mk lf`rh

om Rh`th Khrah Khohcm`h m Râf

Rmjhstaâf prmm`blmu ofas oahs om

bhcm`oèraf.

Bf`saomrh`of smr –akpm`sè+

vmc pmromr h ohth om lfkm`hdmk

hfs `fssfs phorfmarfs‛# Gfrdm Eaca+

pm m fs rmsth`tms kmkjrfs oh bf+

kassâf oh adrmgh vmmk+sm h jrhäfs

bfk khas uk oacmkh. –F msth`+

ohrtm âf fa m`trmdum h a`duák#

fu smgh# `f pròxakf h`f tmrmkfs

qum vfcthr h hssukar h frdh`azh+

äâf ofs mstmgfs# bf`th`of bfk h

bfchjfrhäâf oh pfpuchäâf‛# mxp

bh. Mspmrh`of qum msth satuhä

om akphssm smgh uctrhphsshoh

pròxakf h`f# Gfrdm Eacapm hbrmo

–qum lhvmrè# bmrthkm`tm# hcdu

qum phrh f h`f qumarh hssuka

frkhr h suh mquaph om trhjhc

a`of jusbhr pmssfhs om bf`eh

äh hfs vèrafs cudhrms oh Kácvf

|HJ

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82 om gu`lf om :>82 •

«« @H OAFBMRM M@_ZMUAR_H

4 h 1 om Gu`lf#Bursf oh Km`shdmk om Eètakh

H km`shdmk omsvm`oh

–F trau`ef of hkfr `fs

orhkhs oh Lastòrah‛

_mrka`fu `f oah 1 f bursf sfjrm h Km`shdmk

om Eètakh. Efrhk trçs oahs om hprfu`ohkm`tf ofs

bf`tm÷ofs oh Km`shdmk oh Bfvh oh Arah m rmmxâf

sfjrm h frkh bfkf h suh vavç`bah bfkf –h`÷`baf

om mspmrh`äh phrh fs lfkm`s m kuclmrms of `fs+

sf tmkpf‛ pfom kuohr f quftaoah`f ofs brastâfs om

lfgm.

Ê`dmch Bfmclf# frkhofrh omstm bursf# kfs+

trfu+sm hdrhohvmckm`tm surprmsh pmch homsâf î a`a+

bahtavh. –Efa ukh surprmsh hdrhoèvmc# mspmbahckm`tm

pmcf a`tmrmssm qum h km`shdmk om Eètakh omspmrth

`hs pmssfhs‛# oassm hf rmbfrohr qum hs a`sbraäýms ms+

dfthrhk mk pfubfs oahs m h frdh`azhäâf tmvm om ou+

pcabhr h bhphbaohom omsth prakmarh moaäâf.

–Msthkfs `uk tmkpf ÷`abf‛# hs bfkmkfrhäýms

of bm`tm`èraf ohs hphraäýms á –ukh fpfrtu`aohom

÷`abh phrh omspmrthr phrh f qum –Omus vmaf trhzmr

î lukh`aohom of `fssf tmkpf# htrhvás om @fssh Rm+

`lfrh‛# rmvmch.

^rfkfvaof pmcf Rh`tuèraf om Eètakh# mstm bur+

sf –prmtm`om mxpfr fs mcmkm`tfs u`ohkm`thas ohs

hphraäýms oh Bfvh oh Arah# hzmr ukh sastmkhtazhäâf

ofs bf`tm÷ofs tmkètabfs m m`quhorhr tmfcfdabhkm`+

tm fs oavmrsfs hspmtfs ohs hphraäýms‛. Ê`dmch Bfmclf

cmkjrh qum msth á h fpfrtu`aohom om –hprfu`ohr

fs oavmrsfs hspmtfs tmkètabfs oh Km`shdmk om Eè+

takh m hs suhs akpcabhäýms phrh h vaoh brastâ‛ m# khas

bf`brmthkm`tm# –rmcç+ch tmfcfdabhkm`tm `f bf`tmxtf

khas hchrdhof oh km`shdmk brastâ‛.

 

@fvh moaäâf mk futujrf–Bf`erkh+sm `fvh moaäâf phrh Futujrf mk

ohth h ome`ar‛# khs prfvhvmckm`tm bfk –drupfs om

oakm`sýms smkmclh`tms ohoh h `mbmssaohom om prf+

xakaohom phrh rmmxâf sfjrm Eètakh m h suh Km`sh+

dmk‛. Arkâ Ê`dmch Bfmclf mxpcabh qum mstm trhjhclf

–mxadm ukh drh`om a`tmrhäâf m`trm fs phrtabaph`tms

qum sm pfom pmromr mk drupfs khafrms‛. H sfcuäâf

pfomrè smr –mvm`tuhckm`tm h rmpmtar `futrhs ohths‛

om frkh h pfssajacathr kfkm`tfs om hprfu`ohr m

rmmtar h frkh om –vavmr f hkfr om Khrah `f `fs+

sf oah h oah‛.

Efrkhofrh of bursf# Arkâ Ê`dmch Bfmclf á rm+

cadafsh oh Hcah`äh om Rh`th Khrah# kmkjrf oh Bf+

kassâf Frdh`azhofrh of Bm`tm`èraf ohs Hphraäýms

om Eètakh m ^fstuchofrh oh Bhush om Bh`f`azhäâf

om Erh`basbf m Ghba`th Khrtf. | RE

Rh`tuèraf om Eètakh m`blm om bfr# hcmdrah m m`tusahsk

–Omvmkfs smr h`gfs u`s phrh fs futrfs‛Rh`ora`h Ehusta`f

Khas om 2= kac brah`ähs hbfkph`lhofs om phas# hka+

dfs m bhtmquasths om tfof f phës m`blmrhk f Rh`tuèraf om

Eètakh mk khas ukh ^mrmdra`häâf ohs Brah`ähs. Mstm h`f

omoabhof hf tmkh –Bfrhäâf om Khrah rm÷daf m bhka`lf‛#

`ukh hssukaoh mvfbhäâf î Hphraäâf om 82 om Gu`lf om

8184# h pmrmdra`häâf fa prmsaoaoh pfr O. H`tò`af Kfatmarf

Zhkfs# Jaspf huxacahr om Jrhdh.

Hf cmkjrhr h msth of H`gf om ^frtudhc# O. H`tò`af

Kfatmarf Zhkfs rmmrau qum –fs h`gfs sâf hkadfs om Omus

m sâf m`vahofs pfr Omus phrh `fs hguohrmk m prftmdmrmk‛.

–_hkják `òs omvmkfs smr h`gfs# u`s phrh fs futrfs‛# oassm

`h lfkacah# ompfas om tmr cmkjrhof hs oaebucohoms mk qum

vavmk kuaths hkëcahs mk ^frtudhc m matf rmmrç`bah hf om+

sê`akf –ofs vfssfs phas qum mstâf h sfrmr bfk hcth om trh+

jhclf m oaebucohoms‛. @ukh km`shdmk pfsatavh# f jaspf

huxacahr om Jrhdh omaxfu îs brah`ähs ukh phchvrh om ê`akfm uk hpmcf î sfcaohramohom# –omvmkf+`fs hguohr h vm`bmr hs

oaebucohoms m fs prfjcmkhs oh `fssh vaoh‛.

Mk gmatf om bf`bcusâf cmkjrh f ^hph Erh`basbf# –Omus

hkh+`fs kuatf m `u`bh sm msqumbm om `òs# `òs á qum `fs ms+

qumbmkfs o‑Mcm‛ m hpmch hf Hkfr om Khrah# –tmkfs om hprm

omr h hkhr fs futrfs bfkf Khrah hkh bhoh uk om `òs‛.

@f kfkm`tf oh frhäâf ofs eáas sujarhk hf hcthr fs

sucthofs oh bhkph`lh rmhcazhoh `f kçs om khaf. Umchs

phpmc# ombfrhohs bfk hs frhäýms m bfkprfkassfs ohs brah

ähs h Omus m h @fssh Rm`lfrh qum sakjfcabhkm`tm frh

bfcfbhohs gu`tf hf bëraf# `uk htf qum –cmkjrfu h á of

taskf‛.

H pmrmdra`häâf tmrka`fu bfk h trhoabaf`hc ^rfbass

of Homus bfk cm`äfs matfs mxbcusavhkm`tm phrh h fbhsa

fmrmbaofs pmcf Rh`tuèraf om Eètakh h bhoh brah`äh qum

vfu hssak ukh rmbfrohäâf mspmbahc phrh bhsh.

–Uòs sfas uk mspmtèbucfÁ jmcf smr brastâf‛

H bf`bmcmjrhr bfk O. Kfatmarf Zhkfs mstavmrhk

O. H`tò`af Khrtf m O. Rmrhek Emrrmarh m Racvh# jaspf ta

tuchr m mkáratf om Cmarah+Eètakh# rmspmtavhkm`tm.

@uk hssukaof rmphrf î husç`bah ohs trh`skas

sýms tmcmvasavhs# O. H`tò`af Khrtf `f e`hc oh pmrmdra

`häâf mcfdafu f bfkpfrthkm`tf ohs brah`ähs oazm`of

qum sm sm tavmssmk pfrthof khc smrahk ftëbah mk tfof

f phës. F phës –prmbash om shjmr qum hs brah`ähs sm pfrth

rhk kuatf jmk‛ m qum mstâf tfofs –om phrhjá`s‛.

–Uòs sfas uk mspmtèbucf( Kuatf fjradhof pfr mstm

m`bf`trf om á# kuatf fjradhof pmch vfssh prmsm`äh hcm

drm m mstavh m tâf `ukmrfsh‛# herkfu O. H`tò`af Khr

tf hfs khas pmqum`fs qum –m`blmrhk om jmcmzh‛ f Zm

ba`tf bfk –h bfr ofs jf`ás m h hcmdrah ofs bê`tabfs‛. –Ájmcf smr brastâf‛ oassm hf mcfdahr h –hcmdrah m m`tusahs

kf‛ bfk qum fa vavaoh h bmcmjrhäâf‛ bf`bcuau# h`tms oh

jç`äâf e`hc.

^horm om Cmarah+Eètakh `fkmhof

hssastm`tm a`tmr`hbaf`hc ofs B^KF phorm Gfsá Hudustf Zfora+

dums# oarmtfr of Omphrthkm`tf om

^hstfrhc Ehkacahr oh oafbmsm om Cma+

rh+Eètakh m hssastm`tm oafbmsh`f ofs

Bm`trfs om ^rmphrhäâf phrh f Khtra+

kò`af ,B^K!# efa `fkmhof hssastm`tm

msparatuhc oh emomrhäâf a`tmr`hbaf`hc

omstm kfvakm`tf.

H hssmkjcmah dmrhc oh Emomrhäâf

A`tmr`hbaf`hc ofs Bm`trfs om ^rmphrh+

äâf phrh Khtrakò`af ,EAB^K!# rmhcazh+

oh mk Hssas# `f êkjatf oh suh ?4.ª gfr+

`hoh h`uhc# om : h = om khaf om :>82#

mcmdmu –pfr u`h`akaohom m hbchkh+

äâf‛ f phorm Gfsá Hudustf ^mrmarh Zf+

oradums# bfkf smu hssastm`tm msparatuhc

phrh uk kh`ohtf om 2 h`fs.

F phorm Gfsá Hudustf# qum hbhjh

thkják om smr `fkmhof rmatfr of Rm+

ka`èraf Oafbmsh`f om Cmarah# omsmk+

pm`lh# m`trm futrhs# hs u`äýms om oa+

rmtfr of Omphrthkm`tf Oafbmsh`f om^hstfrhc Ehkacahr m of Rmrvaäf om ^hs+

tfrhc oh Rh÷om# hssastm`tm phstfrhc oh

Msbfch om Efrkhäâf Rfbahc Zurhc om

Cmarah m hssastm`tm oafbmsh`f ofs Bm`+

trfs om ^rmphrhäâf phrh f Khtrakò`af

,B^K!.

Xuh`tf îs suhs `fvhs u`äýms

bfkf hssastm`tm a`tmr`hbaf`hc ofs

B^K# f phorm Gfsá Hudustf# qum su+

bmom f bhrdf hf phorm msph`lfc Guh`

Bumvhs# hoah`th qum –`âf vha bf`oa+

baf`hr‛ f trhjhclf qum htuhckm`tm om+

smkpm`lh `h Oafbmsm# f`om kh`ták

hs kmskhs thrmhs phstfrhas. Rad`aebh+

rè# hpm`hs# –h `mbmssaohom om hbfk

`lhr m phrtabaphr hs rmu`aýms m hä

bffrom`hohs a`tmr`hbaf`hckm`tm p

EAB^K‛# ukh kassâf qum fa thkj

hbmatm m bf`erkhoh pmcf Jaspf om C

rah+Eètakh# bf`oaäâf akpfsth pmcfs

thtutfs ohqumch momrhäâf.

CK

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82 om gu`lf om :>< •

@H OAFBMRM M@_ZMUAR_H ¹¹

H phròquah om Cmarh á thcvmz h

khas urjh`h oh oafbmsm…

Mk tmrkfs om lhjath`tms `âf á h

khafr# Khra`lh Drh`om# Khrrh+

zms m Khbmarh sâf khas pfpucf+

shs. Khs h urjh`aohom oh baohom

om Cmarah rmmtm+sm `hs pmbucahra+

ohoms oh phròquah. @ukh baohom

f`om f tmbaof urjh`ëstabf á oaspmr+

sf m omsaduhc# bfk khclhs kuatfpfpuchbaf`has m futrhs km`fs# h

baohom hbhjh pfr u`baf`hr bfkf

f bm`trf om tfoh ukh rmdaâf. ^fr

assf# h phròquah hdruph kuaths

pmssfhs qum `âf rmsaoa`of `f smu

tmrratòraf mstâf+clm cadhohs m sm`+

tmk+`h bfkf suh. _mkfs kuaths

pmssfhs qum prfburhk fs `fssfs

smrvaäfs smgh hf `ëvmc ofs shbrh+

km`tfs# jhtaskfs fu bhshkm`tfs#

smgh phrh rmqum`thr h bhtmqumsm.

_mkfs ukh hcth pmrbm`thdmk om

brah`ähs m hofcmsbm`tms qum `âf

rmsaomk `h phròquah khs qum `fs

pmomk phrh rmqum`thr msths vh+

cç`bahs.

^fr hcdukh rhzâf mspmbahc# fu

sakpcmskm`tm pfr smr khas bm`+

trhc6

Kuaths vmzms á pfr assf kmskf.

Lè ukh frtm cadhäâf ofs phas î

baohom# smghk pfr qumstýms prf+

essaf`has fu futrhs# qum cmvh qum

lhgh ukh khafr cadhäâf suh î ph+

ròquah qum sm rmmtm `fkmhoh+

km`tm hf `ëvmc oh rmquç`bah oh

bhtmqumsm.

Hcák omsth oakm`sâf# h phrò+

quah om Cmarah oasta`dum+sm pmcf

smu trhjhclf sfbahc. Xum rmspfs+

ths oè f Bm`trf Rfbahc ^hrfquahc

^hucf UA6

_mkfs mmtavhkm`tm ukh oakm`+

sâf sfbahc kuatf drh`om. Rmdu`+

of h ]`aâf Oastrathc ohs A^RR f

Bm`trf Rfbahc m ^hrfquahc ^hu+

cf UA á h khafr A^RR of oastratf

oh`of rmspfsth h vèrahs rmhcaoh+oms oamrm`tms. M`dcfjh f @a`lf#

qum tmk brmblm# ghroak a`h`tac m

H_C. Hjrh`dm f Chr Rh`th Ashjmc#

f`om hbfclmkfs km`a`hs qum `fs

sâf bf`ehohs pmcf traju`hc pmchs

khas vhrahohs rhzýms. A`bcua ha`+

oh uk smrvaäf sfbahc omsm`vfc+

vaof pfr trçs táb`abhs qum hzmk

tfof uk trhjhclf om hbfkph`lh+

km`tf sfbahc m psabfcòdabf om h+

këcahs jm`mebaèrahs of rm`oakm`+

tf sfbahc om a`tmdrhäâf m om kuaths

futrhs satuhäýms om rasbf. Râf thk+

ják mchs qum zmchk pmcf Jharrf

of ^htrakò`af qum sm m`bf`trh `h

Bruz oh Hrmah khs qum á prfpram+ohom of Bm`trf Rfbahc ^hrfquahc

^hucf UA.

_mkfs thkják h Bfku`aohom

Zuh ^hucf UA bfk rmspfsths oms+

pfrtavhs.

Msthkfs pfas h hchr om uk êk+

 jatf om htavaohom kuatf drh`om.

_mk `fäâf om quh`ths pmssfhs

hbhjhk pfr hpfahr6

Kuaths. Rò `f @a`lf tmkfs 1>

brah`ähs mk brmblm# 8:= mk ghr+

oak a`h`tac# m :> `f H_C. @f Chr

Rh`th Ashjmc tmkfs ?> km`a`hs

ofs 5 hfs :8 h`fs.

M sm tavmssmk bhphbaohom phrh

khas tmrahk khas…

@hcdu`s bhsfs sak.

Ehcm+km of Bm`trf om Hbfcla+

km`tf om Cmarah…

Hcák of bm`trf sfbahc h phròquah

tmk futrh fjrh pròprah qum á fBm`trf om Hbfclakm`tf om Cmarah.

Efa u`ohoh mk 811< phrh ohr bu a+

ohofs prakèrafs h qumk omcms `m+

bmssath.

H qum `ëvmc6

H `ëvmc om hcakm`thäâf# oh ch+

vhdmk m mvm`tuhckm`tm fr`m+

bakm`tf om rfuph m oh ladam`m

pmssfhc bfk h oaspf`ajacazhäâf m

kh`utm`äâf om a`sthchäýms phrh

f mmatf. F Bm`trf om Hbfclakm`tf

u`baf`h gu`tf hf Lfspathc O. Kh+

`umc om Hduahr# mk a`sthchäýms oh

prfpramohom oh ^R^ bmoaohs î ph+

ròquah phrh mstm ek. @mstm êk+jatf ohkfs ha`oh kuath akpfr+

tê`bah hf hpfaf táb`abf+sfbahc qum

bf`smduakfs m`bhka`lh`of pms+

sfhs phrh fs rm`oakm`tfs om a`tm+

drhäâf fu kmskf phrh smrvaäfs om

sh÷om quh`of smgh bhsf oassf.

F qum pfomk hzmr mk tmrkfs

om sh÷om6

@mstm kfkm`tf msth á ukh oa+

km`sâf kuatf akpfrth`tm. Ms+

thkfs bfk ukh pmrbm`thdmk

kuatf mcmvhoh om utm`tms bfk hc+

dukhs phtfcfdahs of frf psaquaè+

trabf pmcf qum tmkfs ukh hrtabu+

chäâf kuatf drh`om bfk f smrvaäf

om psaquahtrah of Lfspathc om Rh`+

tf H`orá. _mkfs hcdukhs pmssfhs

bfk prfjcmkhs om tfxabfompm`+

oç`bah qum tm`thkfs m`bhka`lhr

phrh smrvaäfs mspmbahcazhofs qum

fs pfsshk hguohr m`quh`tf assf#

hssukakfs h phrtm om hpfaf jè+

sabf. @f u`of# f qum hzmkfs áhbfclmr hs pmssfhs qum fu rmsa+

omk hqua fu hbhjhk pfr phrhr

pfr hqua. Cmarah hbhjh pfr smr ukh

baohom om trh`saäâf# phrh kuaths

omsths pmssfhs. ^hrh tmr ukh `f+

äâf oh oakm`sâf omsth fjrh# ms+

thkfs h ohr bmrbh om => rmmaäýms

pfr oah…

Bfkf sfjrmvavm f bm`trf# bf`+

thk bfk trhjhclf vfcu`tèraf6

Msthkfs bfk ouhs pmssfhs h tmk+

pf a`tmarf m ukh u`baf`èrah of

bm`trf sfbahc qum omoabh phrtm of

smu tmkpf hf bm`trf om hbfcla+

km`tf. H Bèraths Oafbmsh`h m hRh`th Bhsh oh Kasmrabòroah sâf

`fsshs phrbmarhs omsom h prakma+

rh lfrh# bf`trajumk km`shckm`+

tm phrh hs omspmshs of bm`trf.

M mstm hpfaf á suebam`tm6

F Bm`trf om Hbfclakm`tf `âf tmk

quhcqumr hpfaf msththc. Uavm bfk

f bf`trajutf oh bfku`aohom. Rmgh

h bfku`aohom brastâ qum bf`tra+

jua pfr mxmkpcf `fs fmrtòrafs

`hs kasshs oh smkh`h# qum `hs

futrhs phròquahs âf bfstukh lh+

vmr m òs sò hzmkfs phrh mstm ek

mspmbëebf. Rmghk hs pmssfhs q

a`oavaouhckm`tm qumrmk ohr

smu bf`trajutf. _mkfs ha`oh d

ähs h Omus# futrhs a`statuaäýms q

sm`sajacazhohs vâf bf`trajua`of

^fomkfs uturhkm`tm hz

ukh rmpfrthdmk hf smrvaäf6

Rak. Rmrah uk trhjhclf kuatf

tmrmssh`tm. ^mäf á buaohof bfkpravhbaohom ofs `fssfs utm`

qum pfr rmdrh `âf dfsthk ku

om smr ftfdrhhofs.

Hbrmsbm`tf ha`oh qum tmkfs u

drupf om smrvaäf om vfcu`thrah

sfbahc bf`statuëof `h phròquah

bmrbh om ofas h`fs. @f êkjatf

quhc braèkfs uk u`of sfcaoè

phrfquahc.

Bfkf `hsbm msth a`abahtavh6

@hsbm pfrqum `fs hpmrbmjmk

qum lhvah `h phròquah pmssf

qum prmbashvhk om hguoh kf`

tèrah mk kfkm`tfs kuatf pf

tuhas# fssm phrh phdhr ukh rmoh fu ukh hturh om cuz fu dès

burafsf qum hs hguohs h mssm u

of tçk va`of h hukm`thr sad

ebhtavhkm`tm. Bf`mssf qum t

hcduk rmbmaf qum msth a`abahta

vamssm om hcduk kfof bfcfbhr m

rasbf hs hguohs phrh f bm`trf

hbfclakm`tf. Khs msthvh mrrh

Á bfk kuath hcmdrah qum bf`st

qum bf`smduakfs kh`tmr hs ou

rmhcaohoms.

@mstm bm`èraf om hovmrsaoho

m kuath a`sthjacaohom `ftfu k

Df`ähcf Oa`az# pèrfbf om Cmarah# mk m`trmvasth

Cmarah á ukh phròquah pcurhc# dm`mrfsh momsmgfsh om hprfu`ohr h suh áRm puomssm fmrmbmrah –ukh a`gmäâf om á‛ hfs smus phrfquah`fs pfrqum –f prakmarf rutf oh á

á prmbashkm`tm h hcmdrah‛ oaz Df`ähcf Oa`az# pèrfbf om Cmarah. Bf`sbam`tm of akpfrth`tm phpmc

sfbahc omsm`vfcvaof `h suh phròquah m hdrhombaof î bfku`aohom pmch suh dm`mrfsaohom á bfk

mkfäâf qum oaz fthr –ukh sm`sajacaohom khafr ohs pmssfhs phrh fs prfjcmkhs sfbahas‛.

tmxtf m eftfs7

Rh`ora`h Ehusta`fsh`ora`h.ehusta`fNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt

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82 om gu`lf om :>82 •

«« M@_ZMUAR_H K]@OF

oh`ähs `fs lèjatfs ofs smus ph+

rfquah`fs6

F qum tmk lhvaof á ukh sm`saja+caohom khafr ohs pmssfhs phrh fs

prfjcmkhs sfbahas. Bchrf qum astf

tmk saof thkják rmsucthof om uk

trhjhclf om kuath sm`sajacazhäâf

oh fssh phrtm.

Bfkf hzmk h sm`sajacazhäâf6

^moakfs îs pmssfhs qum `fs hgu+

omk. Ehzçkf+cf om vèrafs kfofs#

htrhvás of gfr`hc phrfquahc# `fs

vèrafs drupfs m m`bf`trfs# `h oa+

vucdhäâf qum sm vha hzm`of `fs

hvasfs# hs kasshs…

Hs pròprahs frdh`azhäýms vâf

sm`sajacazh`of…

Bchrf m vâf kmskf brah`of hssuhs pròprahs oa`êkabhs. ^fr

mxmkpcf mk rmchäâf hf Bm`trf om

Hbfclakm`tf ezmkfs uk mxpfsa+

tf qum tmk msthof `h Rá. Htá smr

vh`ohcazhof# lè bmrbh om uk kçs#

fa uk kmaf kuatf jfk phrh hs

pmssfhs pmrbmjmrmk of trhjhclf

qum sm vha hzm`of m ohs rmhcaoh+

oms oh phròquah.

M pmrbmjm`of om bfkf pfomk

bfchjfrhr pfrqum kuaths vm+

zms qumr+sm hguohr m `âf sm shjm

bfkf…

^rmbashkm`tm. _mkfs taof dmstfs

kuatf jf`atfs om pmssfhs qum pfr

mxmkpcf `fs fmrmbmk h prakma+

rh rmfrkh phrh hcdukhs omsths

fjrhs. @mstm @hthc tavmkfs pms+

sfhs qum fmrmbmrhk f smu sujsë+

oaf mk sa`hc om sfcaohramohom.

Á bfkfvm`tm…

Rak# á om hbtf jf`atf shjmr qum h`fssh mvh`dmcazhäâf tfbh f bfrh+

äâf ohs pmssfhs.

M khrbh fs smus oahs …

Mxhthkm`tm# m bfk dmstfs kuatf

bf`brmtfs.

M fs gfvm`s# bfkf mstâf mcms m`+

vfcvaofs h vaoh oh phròquah6

H `ëvmc phrfquahc `âf tmk saof è+

bac f trhjhclf bfk fs gfvm`s. @f

m`th`tf tmkfs taof hcdu`s ru+

tfs pfsatavfs. _mkfs ofas hdruph+

km`tfs om msbutmarfs h u`baf`hr#

f oh Rá m f om Rh`tf Hdfsta`lf m#

`f h`f phsshof brafu+sm uk dru+pf om gfvm`s. F DU\ mxastm lè

ofas h`fs# mstè kuatf cadhof î mspa+

ratuhcaohom a`hbah`h# hfs gmsuëths.

Kuatfs `âf sâf rmsaom`tms `h ph+

ròquah mkjfrh kh`tm`lhk ukh

cadhäâf î vaoh phrfquahc.

^m`sf qum f m`vfcvakm`tf ofs gf+

vm`s ha`oh á pfjrm# pfomrah m om+

vmrah smr kuatf khafr khs# h vmr+

ohom á qum msthkfs a`smraofs `uk

tmrratòraf bfk ukh pfpuchäâf

kuatf m`vmclmbaoh. Ourh`tm f oah

tmkfs akm`sfs gfvm`s î `fssh vfc+

th# khs âf rmsaomk bè.

Xuhc f phpmc oh suh phròquah `h

Oafbmsm6

H phròquah om Cmarah á ukh phrò+

quah bfkf futrh quhcqumr. _mk h

phrtabuchraohom oh suh adrmgh ph+

rfquahc smr hf kmskf tmkf h Rá oh

Oafbmsm m# pfr assf# tmr ukh kassâf

mspmbahc ohof qum á h adrmgh of Jas+

pf Oafbmsh`f m á hqua qum hz hssuhs bmcmjrhäýms pra`baphas.

Á# pfas# hqua qum mstè bhsh of Jas+

pf…

^rmbashkm`tm. ^fr assf h phrò+

quah tmk ukh cadhäâf mspmbahc m

om khafr prfxakaohom hf jaspf

oafbmsh`f. Lè hturhckm`tm ukh

khafr cadhäâf oh bfku`aohom om

Cmarah bfk f smu Jaspf# pfr fräh

ohs barbu`stê`bahs. Om rmstf# msth

phròquah `âf oamrm ohs rmsth`+

tms. Á ukh bfku`aohom brastâ qum

bfk hs suhs bhrhbtmrëstabhs prò+

prahs vha vavm`of h suh á a`smraoh

`h Adrmgh oafbmsh`h m u`avmrshc.

Rm tavmssm ukh fpfrtu`aohom

mspmbahc# f qum fmrmbmrah î suh

phròquah6

]kh a`gmäâf om á. ^frqum# `f

u`of# quh`of h á a`u`oh fs bf+

rhäýms ohs pmssfhs assf rmmtm+sm

`hs suhs vaohs m `h suh mcabaoh+

om. F prakmarf rutf oh á á prm+

bashkm`tm h hcmdrah# h bhphbaohom

om vavmr `f kmaf ohs satuhäýms è+

bmas m oaëbmas# m h hjmrturh phrh h

rmchäâf bfk fs futrfs m bfk h sf+

bamohom. ^fr assf f ^hph Jm`

\UA omoabfu mstm h`f î á. Á h

vç`bah oh á qum sm bf`brmtazh

kfof mspmbahc f m`bf`trf pmss

bfk Omus. Á ohë qum quhcqumr p

sfh pfom tarhr f sm`taof prfu`

phrh h suh vaoh m phrh h suh m`t

dh hfs futrfs.

Khas of qum ukh sfcuäâf ph

hs oaebucohoms of quftaoah`mssh á smrah f bhka`lf phrh

mcabaohom a`oavaouhc m oh bfk

`aohom…

Rmk o÷vaoh. M mssm á f sm`taof

smrkfs Adrmgh… phrh h`u`bah

mvh`dmclf. Kmskf `h suh vhr

ohom om rmspfsths f ek á smkpr

h`÷`baf of mvh`dmclf pfrqum#

bh`of f bfrhäâf ohs pmssfhs trh

frkh+hs m trh`sfrkh`of+sm

pmssfhs trh`sfrkhk+sm hs mst

turhs oh sfbamohom. @âf pfomk

qumrmr trh`sfrkhr hs mstrutu

oh sfbamohom smk trh`sfrkhr

pmssfhs. Mstfu bf`vm`baof qum

h`÷`baf of mvh`dmclf hjrm upmrspmtavh om vaoh oamrm`tm m q

pfssajacath ukh vaoh khas mca

khas sfcaoèrah.

Bf`smduarah bhrhbtmrazhr

smus phrfquah`fs mk trçs ph

vrhs6

@âf f pfssf hzmr# mcms thkj

tçk f oarmatf om hvhcahr f pèrfb

Yrasfs[… Khs# sm tavmr om bhrhbtm

zhr h phròquah om Cmarah# oarah q

á pcurhc# dm`mrfsh m omsmgfsh

hprfu`ohr h suh á.

á jf`atf shj

qum h `fssh mvh`dmcazhäâ

tfbh f bfrhäâf ohs pmssfh

quh`of h á a`u`o

fs bfrhäýms ohs pmssfh

assf rmemtm+sm hs suhs vaoh

m `h suh mcabaoho

7/22/2019 4133 P3 2013-06-13

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82 om gu`lf om :>8> •

M@_ZMUAR_H K]@OF ^HËR

Bupâf om hssa`hturhA`struäýms7 Zmbfrthr m prmm`blmr f bupâf bfk cmtrh cmdëvmc m ohofs bfrrmbtfs m bfkpc

tfs. M`vahr phrh7 ^ZMRM@_M Cmarah+Eètakh# Rmka`èraf Oafbmsh`f om Cmarah# :?8?+>88 CMAZ

x Omsmgf smr hssa`h`tm of gfr`hc . ^hrh f mematf m`vaf fs kmus oh

ofs bfrrmbtfs m bfkpcmtfs.

@fkm

Ohth om @hsbakm`tf @· Bf`trajua`tm

+ +

Kfrhoh ,Zuh# `· oh pfrth# cudhr!

Bòoadf ^fsthc

+

_mcmef`m _mcmkòvmc

Mkhac

 

^hròquah

^rmäf hssa`hturh@hbaf`hc7 :>#>> ₣ • Murfph7 2=#>> ₣ • Zmstf of Ku`of7 =>#>> ₣

^hdhkm`tf ,smcmbaf`hr fpäâf!

 Blmqum fu vhcm pfsthc

 _rh`semr. jh`bèrah phrh f @AJ >>8>>>>>?1?12<=>>>881,h`mxhr bfkprfvhtavf!

 Oájatf jh`bèraf ,prmm`blmr hutfrazhäâf om phdhkm`tf qum sm smdum!7

Mx.kfs Rr.s# sfcabatf qum# pfr oájatf `h ka`lh bf`th om ompòsatf h smduomsbrath pfsshk smr ematfs fs phdhkm`tfs ohs sujsbraäýms qum efrmk from`hohs pfr Eu`ohäâf Rad`as Msth trh`semrç`bah kh`tmr+sm+è htá a`oabhäâf mbf`trèraf.

Jh`bf Jhcbâf

@AJ

_atuchr oh bf`th

Ohth Hssa`hturh

+ +

Bf`thtfs7 :?? <:8 8>> | prmsm`tmNgfr`hcprmsm tm.p

^hph Erh`basbf bmcmjrfu lfkacah

`h Bhpmch oh Bhsh om Rh`th Khrth

–Ëofcfs‛ qum akpmomkhprfxakhäâf bfk Omus

@ukh lfkacah prfmraoh `h

bhpmch oh Bhsh om Rh`th Khrth# f

Uhtabh`f# `h phsshoh qua`th+marh#

oah 5# f ^hph Erh`basbf oassm qum

bhoh pmssfh tmk om omskhsbhrhr

fs –ëofcfs‛ qum h akpmomk om sm

hprfxakhr om Omus. –Uavmkfs pm+

qum`hs fu drh`oms aofchtrahs# khs

f bhka`lf qum cmvh h Omus phssh

pmcf hkfr mxbcusavf pfr Mcm# bfkf

Gmsus `fs m`sa`fu‛# ombchrfu. H

a`tmrvm`äâf phrtau om ukh phs+

shdmk of Mvh`dmclf `h quhc Gm+

sus á qumstaf`hof sfjrm quhc smrah

f prakmarf kh`ohkm`tf pfr hc+

duák –bugh a`tm`äâf `âf smrah tâf

a`fbm`tm‛.

–_fofs tmkfs fs `fssfs ëof+

cfs msbf`oaofs‛# hovmrtau Erh`bas+

bf# hch`of `uk mspëratf ku`oh+

`f qum cmvh h mssh aofchtrah. –Fs

ëofcfs msbf`oaofs hzmk bfk qum

`òs `âf smghkfs áas `f hkfr. F

bhka`lf phrh smduar mk rm`tm

`f Zma`f om Omus á uk bhka`lf

om omcaohom qum sm hssmkmclh hf

hkfr `upbahc‛# hbrmsbm`tfu. Gmsus#

sujca`lfu f ^hph# prfpým –uk bh+

ka`lf om omcaohom‛ qum `âf phs+

sh pmcf –hkfr hf mspëratf of ku`+

of‛.

Jaspfs ajárabfs

rm÷`mk `h Bhthcu`lh

Gfr`hcasthsrmbf`lmbaofs

Hs bfkassýms mpasbfphas

ohs bfku`abhäýms sfbahas om

^frtudhc m Msph`lh mstavm+

rhk rmu`aofs `h Bhthcu`lh

phrh hjfrohr qumstýms bfkf

hs rmoms sfbahas bfkf `fvfs

kmafs om mvh`dmcazhäâf. @f +

`hc of m`bf`trf# mk bfku`a+

bhof# fs jaspfs ajárabfs hr+

khk+sm sfcaoèrafs bfk fs

gfr`hcasths hmthofs pmch brasm

mbf`òkabh m hdrhombmrhk f smu

msfräf mk –jusbh oh vmrohom‛.

@f kmskf bfku`abhof# oavuc+

dhof pmch Zèoaf Zm`hsbm`äh# fs

jaspfs kh`amsthrhk h a`tm`+

äâf om omsm`vfcvmr –mstrhtádahs

om bfchjfrhäâf‛ bf`gu`th qum

pmrkathk tfr`hr h prmsm`äh oh

Adrmgh `f ku`of oadathc khas

htrhtavh smk# `f m`th`tf pmr+

katar qum f ku`of vartuhc sm

sujstatuh hf rmhc. –Rm f hkjam`+

tm oadathc á uk cudhr homquhof

phrh f m`bf`trf# phrh f oaècfdf

m phrh f h`÷`baf oh shcvhäâf

om Gmsus Brastf# f cudhr om rm+

mrç`bah khas prfpëbaf phrh bm+

cmjrhr mssh shcvhäâf á h bfku+

`aohom bf`brmth# qum sm rm÷`m

phrh rmzhr# bmcmjrhr fs shbrh+

km`tfs m vavmr h bhraohom‛# rm+

mrau h Zèoaf Zm`hsbm`äh.

= om gu`lf# oah ku`oahc of kmaf Hkjam`tm

^hph bf`om`h omspmroëbaf@h huoaç`bah dmrhc om quhrth+

marh# oah =# f ^hph Erh`basbf brata+

bfu f omspmroëbaf hcakm`thr. –H bf+kaoh qum omathkfs frh á rfujhoh

oh kmsh om qumk á pfjrm# om qumk

tmk fkm‛# rmmrau f ^hph bathof

pmch Zèoaf Zm`hsbm`äh.

–H bucturh of omsbhrtèvmc

tfr`fu+`fs a`sm`sëvmas hf caxf m

hf omspmroëbaf hcakm`thr# qum sâf

ha`oh khas chkm`tèvmas quh`+

of mk tfohs hs phrtms of ku`+

of# a`mcazkm`tm# kuaths pmssfhs

m hkëcahs sfrmk om fkm m suj+

`utraäâf. F bf`sukaskf cmvfu hs

pmssfhs h lhjatuhrmk+sm hf su+

páreuf m hf omspmroëbaf oaèraf omhcakm`tf‛# oassm.

F ^hph pmoau ha`oh qum `âf

sm msqumäh qum f vhcfr oh vaoh

lukh`h omvm msthr smkprm hba+

kh ofs a`tmrmssms mbf`òkabfs. Rm

uk –smk+hjradf kfrrm om raf `h

ruh `âf á `ftëbah. ^mcf bf`trèraf#

ukh qumoh om 8> pf`tfs mk jfc+

shs om hcdukhs baohoms á ukh trh+

dáoah‛# chkm`tfu Erh`basbf. –Hs+

sak# hs pmssfhs sâf omsbhrthohs.

@òs# hs pmssfhs# sfkfs omsbhrth+

ohs# bfkf sm ÿssmkfs omspmroë+

baf‛# prfssmduau.Zmbfroh`of f cmkh of oah

ku`oahc of kmaf hkjam`tm –pm`+

shr.bfkmr.bf`smrvhr‛# f ^hph bf`+

vaofu h kuctaoâf oh ^rhäh om R.

^morf –h uk sáraf bfkprfkassf

`f sm`taof om sm rmspmathr m duhr+

ohr h brahäâf# smr sfcëbatf pfr bhoh

pmssfh m bfkjhtmr h bucturh of

omsbhrtèvmc m of omspmroëbaf bfk

ukh bucturh oh sfcaohramohom m of

m`bf`trf‛.

H`ofrrh

Jaspf mcfdah pfrtudumsms

O. Gfh` M`rab Uavms# jaspf om

]rdmcc m bfprë`bapm om H`ofrrh#

kh`amstfu+sm –kuatf drhtf î bf+

ku`aohom pfrtudumsh‛ qum bf`+

saomrh –trhjhclhofrh# mk jusbh

om trhjhclf# phrh kmclfrhr h suh

vaoh m m`bf`trhr fpfrtu`aohoms#

mk phrtabuchr phrh hs brah`ähs‛#

`ftabah h Hdç`bah Mbbcmsah.

Chkm`th`of –qum sm tm`lh

taof om m`bmrrhr h Mkjhaxhoh om

^frtudhc mk H`ofrrh‛# f jaspf rm+

mrau qum hs phròquahs of pra`ba+

phof tçk –kuatfs pfrtudumsms

bfk vf`thom om kh`tmr h suh á‛.

–Á ukh bfku`aohom kuatf mrvf+

rfsh# bfk drh`om omvfäâf î Rm+

`lfrh om Eètakh‛# oassm O. Gfh`

M`rab Uavms mspmrh`of qum smgh

pfssëvmc qum h Bf`mrç`bah Mpas+

bfphc ^frtudumsh omsta`m uk sh+

bmroftm phrh h bfku`aohom mka+

drh`tm mk H`ofrrh# om frkhxh# `ukh bhpmch`ah m bfchjfrh`+

of `futrhs htavaohoms.

H bfku`aohom pfrtudumsh

cfbhc á bfkpfsth pfr khas om 8>

kac pfrtudumsms frau`ofs om tfof

f tmrratòraf `hbaf`hc.

   H   d    ç   @   b   A   H    M

   b   b   C   M   R   A   H

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82 om gu`lf om :>82 • 8

K]@OF ^HËR CA_]ZDAH

Rh`tf H`tò`af#uk lfkmk ofku`of

@f kçs mk qum sm bmcmjrh

Rh`tf H`tò`af# f Bm`trf om Mstu+

ofs om Eacfsfh m h ^rfvë`bah ^fr+

tudumsh oh Fromk Erh`basbh`h

prfkfvmk uk smka`èraf om a`+

vmstadhäâf# h rmhcazhr oah :8 omstm

kçs# `f Bm`trf Bucturhc Erh`bas+

bh`f# mk Casjfh# bugf tmkh bm`trhc

á h prmsm`äh of rh`basbh`askf h

cfsfh pfrtudumsh.

Msth a`abahtavh prmtm`om ohr

h bf`lmbmr –durhs rh`basbh`hs

fu pm`shofrms mk bugh fjrh f rh`basbh`askf mstmgh prmsm`tm‛.

M`trm mcms Rh`tf H`tò`af# bugh vaoh# mxpmraç`bah m cmdhof# sâf

ukh fräh a`sparhofrh phrh `òs. Of`f om ukh drh`om bucturh#

cmbaf`fu mk u`avmrsaohoms athcah`hs m rh`bmshs m fa uk ofs a`+

tmcmbtuhas khas `ftèvmas om ^frtudhc of pmrëfof prá+u`avmrsatè+

raf. Efa kassaf`èraf mk Èrabh# vavmu m kfrrmu mk Atècah ,82 om gu+

`lf om 8:28!# m omaxfu+`fs ukh bfcmäâf om smrkýms msbratfs qum

hzmk omcm ukh rmmrç`bah a`tmcmbtuhc oh ápfbh.

Omoabfu h suh vaoh hfs khas omshvfrmbaofs# m sâf mcms qum f

vm`mrhk m clm rmbf`lmbmk hs quhcaohoms# mstmgh`of+f om frkh

pfpuchr f oah 82 om gu`lf# oah oh baohom om Casjfh# f`om hsbmu#

mk 8= om hdfstf om 881=.

Mxpfsaäâf Micfdah blmdh h Casjfh

Efa a`hudurhoh `f oah = `f ^hvaclâf Khbhu of ^hrqum ohBaohom# mk Casjfh# h mxpfsaäâf kuctakáoah m a`tmrhtavh Micfdah

‒ Miicmsah# Cfdfs# Mbfcfdah# oh rmspf`shjacaohom oh Rfbamohom Jë+

jcabh# h Hssfbahäâf «H Zfblh¹ m h Bêkhrh Ku`abaphc om Cfurms.

Mstm á uk prfgmtf –a`fvhofr m `mbmssèraf‛# qum tmk bfkf fj+

gmtavf sm`sajacazhr m kfjacazhr –hs bfku`aohoms brastâs m fs baoh+

oâfs mk dmrhc phrh h prfjcmkètabh oh brasm hkjam`thc h phrtar om

ukh rmvasathäâf ofs vhcfrms u`ohofrms oh `fssh aom`taohom bf+

kuk‛# pfom cmr+sm `h pèda`h oh Micfdah.

]kh bhrhvh`h mstè h pmrbfrrmr 8> baohoms pfrtudumshs#

,Cmarah `âf mstè a`bcuëoh!# tm`of `f bm`trf ukh mxpfsaäâf sfjrm f

tmkh oh hchvrh m oh mbfcfdah ,^ch`mth hzuc# hchvrh vavh# Adrmgh

vmrom!# bfkpcmkm`thof pfr ukh sáram om a`abahtavhs om h`akhäâf

jëjcabh m bucturhc m om moubhäâf hkjam`thc phrh pmssfhs# hkëcahs

m bfku`aohoms brastâs. Msths a`abahtavhs prmtm`omk prfkfvmr f

omjhtm m h rmemxâf sfjrm h tmkètabh# hssak bfkf uk fclhr rm`f+

vhof sfjrm h `hturmzh m ukh `fvh htatuom phrh bfk h kmskh. ^]J 8&<

Eu`mrhas# Brmkhäýms# _rh`schohäýms# Mxukhäýms

RMZUAÄF OFKABACAÈZAF ^MZKH@M@_M H@_MR M H^ÒR F E]@MZHC

_rhthkm`tf drhtuathkm`tm om tfofs fs sujsëoafs h qum mstâf sugmatfs fs ehkacahrms

O. Gfâf om Fcavmarh Khtfs ,8<41+815:!#

 jaspf huxacahr oh Duhroh

Jaspf pfrtuduçs h bhka`lfoh jmhtaebhäâf

F ^hph Erh`basbf hprfvfu h

pujcabhäâf of ombrmtf qum rmbf+

`lmbm hs –vartuoms lmròabhs‛ om

O. Gfâf om Fcavmarh Khtfs ,8<41+815:!# jaspf huxacahr oh Duhroh#

qum rmbmjm hssak f tëtucf om –vm+

`mrèvmc‛. H `ftëbah fa ohoh pmch

Zèoaf Zm`hsbm`äh qum mxpcabh

qum msth á ukh hsm of prfbms+

sf qum cmvh î prfbchkhäâf om uk

bhtòcabf h jmhtf# pm`÷ctakh mthph

phrh h ombchrhäâf oh sh`taohom.

O. Gfâf om Fcavmarh Khtfs u`ofu

h Cadh ofs Rmrvfs om Gmsus# ukh

a`statuaäâf qum rm`fvfu h oafbmsm

oh Duhroh# htrhvás oh frkhäâf

om kaclhrms om cmadfs. Î Zm`hsbm`+

äh# O. H`tò`af Kfatmarf Zhkfs#

vabm+pfstuchofr oh bhush oh bh+

`f`azhäâf# mxpcabh qum á msth Cadh#

fa h drh`om khrbh omaxhoh pmcf

h`tadf jaspf huxacahr oh Duhroh.–Efa ukh hssfbahäâf om cmadfs qum

mcm u`ofu mk 81:? bfk h `hca+

ohom om gu`thr fs cmadfs oh oafbm+

sm‛# rmmrm î Zèoaf Zm`hsbm`äh f

vabm+pfstuchofr oh bhush oh bh`f+

`azhäâf hf mxpcabhr qum O. Gfâf om

Fcavmarh Khtfs –pm`shvh qum mrh

`mbmssèraf hssfbaè+cfs phrh clms

ohr frkhäâf# qumr phstfrhc qumr

msparatuhc# m thkják phrh fs hzmr

bfchjfrhofrms khas oarmtfs of pè+

rfbf‛. O. H`tò`af Kfatmarf Zhkfs

oaz ha`oh î Zm`hsbm`äh qum –`fs

prakmarfs := h`fs# h Cadh mz khas

om kac rmtarfs# pfr f`om phsshr

bmrbh om := kac pmssfhs‛.

   O   Z

:: om gu`lf# `f _mhtrf _avfca mk Casjfh

Kusabhc cmkjrh Gfâf ^hucf AA

A`tmdrhof `f h`f bfkmkfrh+

tavf H`f oh Eá m of Bm`tm`èraf of

`hsbakm`tf of phorm Tmrm`ramo#

u`ohofr of kfvakm`tf# h Eu`+

ohäâf Hguoh î Adrmgh qum Rfrm fr+

dh`azh uk kusabhc a`tmarhkm`tm

omoabhof h Gfâf hucf AA.

F –Kusabhc Tfgtych‛ rmhcazh+

+sm h :: om gu`lf# pmchs 85l>># `f

_mhtrf _avfca mk Casjfh. Jhsmhof

`ukh –vaoh qum a`sparfu kuaths

vaohs‛ f mspmtèbucf bf`th –a`spa+

rhr‛ tfofs fs prmsm`tms.

Zmbfrom+sm qum mk :>88# pfr

fbhsaâf oh jmhtabhäâf of ^hph

Gfâf ^hucf AA# h Eu`ohäâf Hguoh î

Adrmgh qum Rfrm hssfbafu+sm h mstm

prfgmbtf om lfkm`hdmk# `uk ms+

pmbtèbucf kuctakáoah mchjfrhof

h phrtar om tmstmku`lfs om vaohs

qum kuohrhk fu frhk tfbhohs

pfr Gfâf hucf AA.

M`tâf# bfkf hdfrh f fjgmb

vf á cmkjrhr –f ^hph# f lfkmk

Rh`tf‛ Gfâf ^hucf AA.

Fs a`tmrmsshofs pfomrâf m

bf`trhr jaclmtms mk www.tab

tca`m.pt# `hs cfghs E@HB# Hjr

Uahdm`s m Tfrtm` fu ha`oh `f

Bfrtm A`dcçs.

Hs rmsmrvhs pfomk smr ma

pmcf tmcmf`m 4>4 :2? :2?. | RE

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82 om gu`lf om :>8: •

Bfkm`tèraf

Fushr tfbhr f Rh`tëssakf

Gfsá Erhzâf Bfrrmah# sgshbmroftm gmsuëth

Mas bfkf sm `fs mxpým f Rh`tëssakf.Mk bhsh of ehrasmu Rakâf# ukh ku+

clmr pmbhofrh vmk hf m`bf`trf om Gmsus.@âf clm bf`lmbmkfs f `fkm# hpm`hs h kèehkh. _rhz bf`sadf uk vhsf om pmreukm.Rmk oazmr `hoh# burvh+sm m# hssak# thcvmz om

 gfmclfs# chvh fs pás of Kmstrm bfk hs cè+drakhs qum clm bfrrmk of rfstf. M`xudh++fs bfk fs pròprafs bhjmcfs. Jmagh+fs bfkh suh jfbh m u`dm+fs bfk fs hrfkhs qum

trfuxmrh `hs suhs kâfs. _uof `msth kuclmrphrmbm mxbmssavf# quhsm akp÷oabf. F htrmva+km`tf oh htatuom. H cajmrohom ofs dmstfs.H efräh oh bf`h`äh. Fush tfbhr f shdrh+of# bfkf qum efräh`of f shdrhof h tfbè++ch. M `hoh oaz# omaxh`of msphäf phrh qum#sm quasmr# smgh Gmsus h oazmr h phchvrh qum a`+tmrmssh fuvar.

Mxbmssavf m omsbf`bmrth`tm á# aduhc+km`tm# Gmsus qum sm omaxh tfbhr m jmaghr mpmreukhr. –Khs bfkf‛# pmrdu`th Rakâf# m`òs bfkf mcm# quh`of `fs phrmbm qum# omOmus# gè shjmkfs tuof m# of hctf oh `fs+sh arrmprmm`sajacaohom kfrhc# `fs tfr`hkfs

 guëzms a`sm`sëvmas6 –Bfkf á pfssëvmc qum f

^urf sm omaxm tfbhr pmcf akpurf m f Rh`+tf pmcf pmbhofr m f Gustf pmcf ëkpaf. Hl#sm Gmsus efssm ^rfemth# shjmrah qumk á msthkuclmr qum f tfbh m# smdurhkm`tm# `âf smomaxhrah tfbhr pfr mch‛. frqum âf mstè prm+

vastf qum Omus smgh hssak# jfk phrh khus#sm`sëvmc h akpurfs# omoabhof h pmbhofrms.^fr assf# sm Gmsus `âf á a`tfbèvmc# `âf pfomvar om Omus. Rm `âf vavm smphrhof oh kasá+rah lukh`h# `âf á Rh`tf.

Ea`hckm`tm# Gmsus rfkpm f sacç`baf phrhehchr h Rakâf hbmrbh ofs dmstfs oh ku+clmr. Fs kmskfs qum clm pmrkatmk oazmrqum á Omus «a`takaohom th`dëvmc¹. Bf`th+clm h lastòrah om uk brmofr qum pmrofh =>>om`èrafs h uk omvmofr m => h uk futrf.Bfkf mpëcfdf# h pmrdu`th qum qumr cmvhrRakâf h omaxhr+sm tfbhr pmcf ofk akmrmba+of m khas of qum mbmssèraf om Omus. –Xuhcofs ofas omvmofrms bhrè khas rmbf`lmba+of hf smu brmofr6‛ –@hturhckm`tm# f pra+

kmarf‛# rmspf`om. M`tâf# vfcth`of+sm phrhh kuclmr ofs dmstfs fushofs# Gmsus rmstatuaRakâf hfs smus dmstfs mk ehcth. –H èduh mf jmagf m f pmreukm qum `âf km omstm# ef+rhk+km ohofs pfr mch# phrh cè of omvaofm of `mbmssèraf‛. Ompfas# h bf`bcusâf. Kua+tf á pmrofhof h qumk kuatf hkh m kuatfhkhrè hqumcm h qumk kuatf efr pmrofhof.^fr assf# –vha# h tuh eá tm shcvfu‛. Hs phchvrhsoaths î kuclmr# gè shcvh pmch eá# phrmbmk smroaths# aduhckm`tm# h Rakâf# phrh qum blm+dum h smr tfbhof pmch eá qum shcvh. ^fom+rè blmdhr# thkják mcm# h tfbhr f Rm`lfr#quh`of sm omaxhr tfbhr pfr Mcm.

Á tfbh`tm# mstm tmxtf om Cubhs. ^fr mcm#

bfkprmm`omkfs# thcvmz# kmclfr h hrkh+äâf omsbf`bmrth`tm om Gfâf7 «F Umrjf em+z+sm bhr`m¹. Omus `âf á ukh vmrohom hjs+trhbth qum sm hprm`om. @âf á uk prmbmatfrëdaof qum sm bukprm. @âf á f hjsfcutf sm+

phrhof om tuof m om tfofs# qum sm jhsthh sa kmskf# smk hembtfs `mk rmchäýms. MkGmsus# Omus á f ^ha qum `fs tfbh m`quh`+tf sm qumr omaxhr tfbhr# sfjrmtuof pmcfs a`+tfbèvmas omstm ku`of ‒ pfjrms# ofm`tms#khrda`hcazhofs# pmbhofrms. F Rh`tëssakfmxpým+sm+`fs `h pfjrm bustòoah oh `fsshlukh`aohom emraoh. Hë# ombchrh f Rmu hkfr#hbfclm`of h drh`omzh ofs dmstfs oh ku+clmr pmbhofrh# omsmgh`of burhr f bfrhäâfsmbf of ehrasmu Rakâf. M `òs sfkfs h ku+clmr. @òs sfkfs Rakâf. Oah`tm of Rm`lfr#hssak mxpfstf# tm`lhkfs uk bfrhäâf lu+kh`f phrh `fs omaxhrkfs tfbhr pmcf hembtfbfk qum f ^ha `fs tfbh mk Gmsus.

H`f B • _mkpf Bfkuk • Ofka`df \ACmaturh A   Rhckf   Cmaturh AA   Hcmcuah Mvh dmclf

^HËR CA_]ZDAH7 85 om gu`lf F^A@AÂF

Cmaturh of Rmdu`of Cavrf om Rhkumc

@hqumcms oahs# oassm @htâ h Ohvao7 «Hssak

hch f Rm`lfr# Omus om Asrhmc7 ]`da+tm bfkf

rma om Asrhmc m cavrma+tm ohs kâfs om Rhuc. M`+

trmduma+tm h bhsh of tmu sm`lfr m pus+tm `fs

jrhäfs hs suhs kuclmrms. Oma+tm h bhsh om As+

rhmc m om Guoè m# sm astf `âf á suebam`tm# ohr+

tm+ma kuatf khas. Bfkf fushstm omsprmzhr

h phchvrh of Rm`lfr# hzm`of f qum á khc h

smus fclfs6 Khthstm î msphoh ]rahs# f latath9

tfkhstm bfkf mspfsh h suh kuclmr# ompfas

om f tmrms matf phsshr î msphoh pmcfs hkf+

`aths. Hdfrh h msphoh `u`bh khas sm hhs+

thrè oh tuh bhsh# pfrqum Km omsprmzhstm m

tfkhstm h mspfsh om ]rahs# f latath# phrh h+

zmrms omch tuh kuclmr¹. M`tâf Ohvao oassm

h @htâ7 «^mquma bf`trh f Rm`lfr¹. @htâ rms+

pf`omu+clm7 «F Rm`lfr pmroffu f tmu pmbh+

of7 @âf kfrrmrès¹. ^hchvrh of Rm`lfr.

: Rhk 8:# 4+8>.82

^mrofha# Rm`lfr#

ka`lh bucph m kmu pmbhof.

Emcaz ohqumcm h qumk fa pmrofhoh h bucph

m hjsfcvaof f pmbhof.

Emcaz f lfkmk h qumk f Rm`lfr

`âf hbush om a`aquaohom

m mk bugf mspëratf âf lè m`dh`f.

Bf`mssma+vfs f kmu pmbhof

m `âf msbf`oa h ka`lh bucph.

Oassm7 Ufu bf`msshr hf Rm`lfr h ka lh hcth

m cfdf km pmrofhstms h bucph of pmbhof.

Uòs sfas f kmu rm÷daf# omm`oma+km ofs pmradfs#

hzma qum î ka lh vfcth sò lhgh la fs om vatòrah.

Hcmdrha+vfs# gustfs# m rmdfzagha+vfs f Rm`lfr#

mxuctha vòs tfofs fs qum sfas rmbtfs om bfrhäâf.

Rhckf 28 ,2:!# 8+:.=.4.88 ,Z. be. =b!

Cmaturh oh Mpëstfch of hpòstfcf Râf ^hucf

hfs Dèchths

Arkâfs7 Rhjmkfs qum f lfkmk âf á gus+

taebhof pmchs fjrhs oh Cma# khs pmch á mk

Gmsus Brastf9 pfr assf hbrmoatèkfs mk Bras+

tf Gmsus# phrh smrkfs gustaebhofs pmch á

mk Brastf m âf pmchs fjrhs oh C ma# pfrqum

pmchs fjrhs oh Cma `a`duák á gustaebhof.

Om hbtf# pfr kmaf oh Cma# kfrra phrh h Cma#

h ek om vavmr phrh Omus. Bfk Brastf mstfu

brubaebhof. Gè âf sfu mu qum vavf# á Brastf

qum vavm mk kak. Rm ha`oh vavf ompm`om`+

tm om ukh hturmzh bhr`hc# vavf h`akhof

pmch á f Eaclf om Omus# qum km hkfu m Rm

m`trmdfu pfr kak. @âf qumrf tfr`hr a`÷+

tac h drhäh om Omus# pfrqum# sm h gustaebhäâf

vamssm pfr kmaf oh Cma# m`tâf Brastf tmrah

kfrraof mk vâf.

^hchvrh of Rm`lfr.

Dhc 8# 88+81

Omus hkfu+`fs m m`vafu f smu Eaclf

bfkf vëtakh om mxpahäâf pmcfs fssfs pmbho

8 Gf ?# 8

Mvh`dmclf om @fssf Rm`lfr Gmsus Brastf

smdu`of Râf Cubhs

@hqumcm tmkpf# uk hrasmu bf`vaofu Gmsu

phrh bfkmr bfk mcm. Gmsus m`trfu mk bhsh

of hrasmu m tfkfu cudhr î kmsh. M`tâf# uk

kuclmr ‒ ukh pmbhofrh qum vavah h baoh

om ‒ hf shjmr qum Mcm msthvh î kmsh mk bhs

of hrasmu# trfuxm uk vhsf om hchjhstrf bf

pmrukm9 pÿs+sm htrès om Gmsus m# blfrh`+

of kuatf# jh`lhvh+Clm fs pás bfk hs cèdr

khs m m`xudhvh+Clfs bfk fs bhjmcfs# jmag

vh+fs m u`dah+fs bfk f pmrukm. Hf vmr as

f hrasmu qum ta`lh bf`vaohof Gmsus pm`+

sfu bf`sadf7 «Rm mstm lfkmk fssm prfmth

shjmrah qum h kuclmr qum F tfbh á ukh pm

bhofrh¹. Gmsus tfkfu h phchvrh m oassm+clm

«Rakâf# tm`lf ukh bfash h oazmr+tm¹. Mcm rm

pf`omu7 «Ehch# Kmstrm¹. Gmsus bf`ta`ufu7

«Bmrtf brmofr ta`lh ofas omvmofrms7 uk om

vah+clm qua`lm`tfs om`èrafs m f futrf ba`+

qum`th. Bfkf âf ta`lhk bfk qum phdhr

pmroffu h hkjfs. Xuhc omcms ebhrè khas s

hkadf6¹. Zmspf`omu Rakâf7 «Hqumcm ‒ sup

`lf mu ‒ h qumk khas pmroffu¹. Oassm+clm

Gmsus7 «Gucdhstm jmk¹. M vfcth`of+Rm phrh h

kuclmr# oassm h Rakâf7 «Uçs msth kuclmr6 M

trma mk tuh bhsh m `âf Km omstm èduh phrh

fs pás9 khs mch jh`lfu+Km fs pás bfk hs c

drakhs m m`xudfu+fs bfk fs bhjmcfs. @âf

Km omstm f òsbucf9 khs mch# omsom qum m`tr

`âf bmssfu om jmaghr+Km fs pás. @âf Km omrhkhstm òcmf h bhjmäh9 khs mch u`dau+Km

fs pás bfk pmrukm. ^fr assf tm oadf7 Râf+c

pmrofhofs fs smus kuatfs pmbhofs# pfrqum

kuatf hkfu9 khs hqumcm h qumk pfubf sm

pmrofh# pfubf hkh¹. Ompfas oassm î kuclm

«Fs tmus pmbhofs mstâf pmrofhofs¹. M`tâf

bf`vavhs bfkmährhk h oazmr m`trm sa7 «Xu

á mstm lfkmk# qum htá pmrofh fs pmbhofs6

Khs Gmsus oassm î kuclmr7 «H tuh á tm shc+

vfu. Uha mk phz¹. hchvrh oh shcvhäâf.

Cb 4# 25

:2 om gu`lf | Ofka`df \AA

M`trhohHprfxakha+vfs of Rm`lfr E. Rh`tfs

Bf`ehrma f kmu Omus H. Mspa`fsh

RhckfH ka`lh hckh tmk smom om Uòs K Cuës

Hprmsm`thäâf ofs of`sBh`tha hcmdrmkm`tm hf Rm`lfr K. Cuës

Brmkfs mk Uòs ò Omus C. Khsf`

Bfku`lâf

Oha+km Rm`lfr uk bfrhäâf purf K. Cuë

Mu sfu f jfk phstfr B. Racvh

^òs+bfku`lâf

Kmu Rm`lfr mu Ufs hkf H. Bhrthdm`f

Ka`lh cuz m shcvhäâf O. Gucam`

Ea`hc

Cfuvhof smgh f kmu Rm`lfr G. Rh`tfs

^fvfs oh tmrrh cfuvha K. Rakýms

sudmstâf om bê`tabfs

       O       Z

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82 om gu`lf om :>82 • 8

]k brahofr

om mspmrh`äh@f h`f om 81>2 `hsbm uk lfkmk qum

khrbfu ombasavhkm`tm h rmdaâf# pmchs suhsaomahs# brm`ähs m efräh om bhrèbtmr. Xums+taf`hof pfr u`s m hkhof pfr futrfs# hbh+jfu pfr omaxhr uk cmdhof h tfofs fs qumhbrmoathk `h omvfäâf h Omus# bf`drmdh`+of h bfrhdmk om akpcmkm`thr mstruturhs#

`uk pmrëfof lastòrabf om m`frkms oabuc+ohoms mbf`òkabhs m sfbahas.

H suh Fjrh á drh`oafsh7 efa f eu`ohofrof gfr`hc H Ufz of Ofka`df# oh Drèbh om

Cmarah m oh Msbfch om Efrkhäâf Rfbahc Zu+rhc om Cmarah. F smu fkm6 Kf`sm`lfr GfsáDhchkjh om Fcavmarh.

Bf`saomrh`of f msthof htuhc of phës ápfssëvmc bf`sththr qum hs prmfbuphäýms omKf`sm`lfr Gfsá Dhchkjh om Fcavmarh# cm+dhohs pmch suh Ufz# bf`ta`uhk aduhckm`+tm h a`quamthr fs lmromarfs m dmstfrms ofsmu phtrakò`af.

Hs kuoh`ähs ombfrraohs hpòs h suhkfrtm# fs khas oavmrsfs ofkë`afs# âf hc+tmrhrhk h oájac rmhcaohom of bf`tmxtf `h+

baf`hc m cfbhc. ^fubf kuofu… Rmcmbaf`maofas mxbmrtfs tmxtuhas oh suh hutfrah qumrmvmchk f smu mspëratf vasaf`èraf# f prakma+rf# m h suh bf`sbaç`bah prètabh m rmhcasth# fsmdu`of# h shjmr7 «H bhoh h`f qum tmrka+`h á ukh `fvh f`oh om oapcfkhofs bfkbursfs supmrafrms qum `âf tçk f`om dh+

`lhr ombm`tmkm`tm f pâf om bhoh oah`÷kmrf om omsmkprmdhofs a`tmcmbtuhukm`th hssusthofrhkm`tm.¹ ,81?8# a`Ufz of Ofka`df! Y…[ «_rèdabh acusâf. ^msfu+sm# ourh`tm kuatfs h`fs# qum# h Msbch ^rakèrah m `h Rmbu`oèrah# fs hcu`fs armbmjmr efrkhäâf brastâ. Xum rmsth# lfom tuof assf6 Kuatfs hcu`fs `âf ermqumthk hs huchs. Futrfs vâf cè# shjm Omus bfqum oaspfsaäâf.¹ ,814?# a` H Ufz of Oka`df!.

F orhkh qum quâf acustrm pmrsf`hcaoom sfcubaf`fu# fu tm`tfu mcaka`hr# sâf kachrms hfs oh bf`tmkpfrh`maohom.

F pfrquç omsth lukacom rmemrç`bahuk lfkmk qum omoabfu h suh vaoh î fjom Omus m cutfu bfk h suh phchvrh# mhjf`f ofs omsvhcaofs6

Râf lfkm`s sfcaoèrafs m bf`vabtfs akpcmkm`thr aomhas om ë`ofcm bfku`arah qum a`brmkm`thk h moabhäâf om u

ku`of vmrohomarhkm`tm omsm`vfcvaKf`sm`lfr Gfsá Dhchkjh om Fcavmarh# ac

trm pmrsf`hcaohom# bf`ta`uh h smr mxmkpm kfomchr phrh qumk aduhckm`tm omsefkm`thr msefräfs bf`oubm`tms î prfkäâf oh a`tmdraohom sfbahc m sujsmqum`km`tm of prfdrmssf bucturhc.

Bhjm+`fs bf`ta`uhr h prhtabhr vhcfqum sm hssukmk bfkf efrtu`h lukh`h

H Eá qum

hbf`tmbmH hrkhäâf `ubcmhr om Gmsus om qum h

suh prmsm`äh bfrpfrhc á h efrkh om fs Lf+km`s puomrmk a`tuar h mssç`bah om OM]R#`âf pfom smr omkf`strhoh om kfof fj+

 gmtavf m `âf rmsucthrè om uk msefräf oha`tmcadç`bah. @h ka`lh cmaturh rhbaf`hc# hhbmathäâf omsth hrkhäâf tmrè om smr uk

hbf`tmbakm`tf pmssfhc# hbf`tmbmrè `h hu+tfbf`sbaç`bah om bhoh uk m omsad`h+smpfr eá.

Mu z msth hbmathäâf bfkf ukh htatuom

km`thc9 qum `âf á arrhbaf`hc. Á ukh a`tua+äâf. Rmkprm h bf`saomrma bfkf thc.

@âf bf surprmm`oaof bfk hs a`vmsta+dhäýms oh `murfjafcfdah kfomr`h sfjrm hbfd`aäâf a`tuatavh m h suh akpfrtê`bah `hmstruturhäâf ofs bfkpfrthkm`tfs a`oava+ouhas. M hbfkph`lf fs rmsucthofs qum vâfsm`of pujcabhofs. ^frqum smkprm pm`smaqum# sm phrh h eá hbf`tmbmr efssm prmbasfcmr h Rukh _mfcòdabh om _fkès om Hqua`f#

 gè `âf lhvmrah `a`duák bfk eá. Fu smgh# sòfs a`tmcmbtuhas om bucturh supmrafr pfom+

rahk hsbm`omr hf bf`lmbakm`tf pmrematf mrhbaf`hc om Omus.

H pmrkh`ç`bah h eá âf á eèbac pfrqumhs a`tuaäýms `âf sâf uk supfrtm homquh+of phrh h vmrohom fjgmtavh. M h jusbh ohvmrohom# bfkf bfd`aäâf bmrth m smdurh# áukh mxadç`bah oh a`tmcadç`bah ofs lukh+`fs.

M`tâf# f msefräf rhbaf`hc om qumk tmvmh rmvmchäâf a`tuatavh oh Eá mk Gmsus# bfkf

kh`aemsthäâf a`tmcadëvmc oh _rh`sbm`oç`+bah# á uk trhjhclf om rmmxâf pmrkh`m`tm

sfjrm fs eu`ohkm`tfs `fs quhas sm hpfahh suh htatuom km`thc om eá. ^hrh h `murf+jafcfdah kfomr`h# h a`tuaäâf `âf á ukhacuka`häâf s÷jath# smk kftavhäâf# khs á#h`tms# ukh bmrtmzh# qum sm hpfah mk bf`+tm÷ofs km`thas a`tmr`fs `âf bf`sbam`tms#khs tfofs rmsucth`tms oh mxpmraç`bah omvaoh om bhoh uk …

Mstms bf`tm÷ofs bfd`atavfs pfomkhpfahr fu bf`trhrahr h pmrsastç`bah oh Eá.Futrfrh# fs h`hbfrmths# rmbmjaoh h acuka+`häâf a`tuatavh oh Eá# rmtarhvhk+sm phrh fomsmrtf# phrh qum `hoh of ku`of mxtmrafrpuomssm hkmhähr h bmrtmzh oh suh a`tua+äâf. Lfgm# `òs vavmkfs `f ku`of m á ofku`of qum rmtarhkfs fs hrdukm`tfs phrhsustm`thr h vmrohom oh `fssh a`tuaäâf. Ms+th`of# mk pmrkh`ç`bah# htm`tfs h tuof fqum î `fssh vfcth hbf`tmbm.

M`tâf# f trhjhclf a`oavaouhc oh Eá ápmrkh`m`tm. @âf `fs oè omsbh`sf `mk

uk sò oah. _mkfs om vmr# cmr m pm`shr. _m+kfs om omsbfjrar fs sa`has sfj hs hphrç`+bahs. M tmkfs om hkhr fs arkâfs pfrqummssh á h vmrohomarh mssç`bah om AHUÁ# thcbfkf Gmsus mxpcabfu `f smu tmkpf m h suhAdrmgh mxpcabh# lfgm# hfs lfkm`s om jfhvf`thom bhphzms om sm hjrarmk î _rh`s+bm`oç`bah.

Mk vmrohom# á jmk khas oaeëbac tmr Eáof qum smr htmu.

f trhjhclf a`oavaouhc oh Eá á pmrkh`m`+

tm. @âf `fs oè omsbh`sf `mk uk sò oah._mkfs om vmr# cmr m pm`shr.

Râf lfkm`s sfcaoèrafs m bf`vabtfs m

akpcmkm`thr aomhas om ë`ofcm bfku`at

rah qum a`brmkm`thk h moaebhäâf om u

ku`of vmrohomarhkm`tm omsm`vfcvao

Oh`amc Rmrrâfkáoabf

^hucf Bcmkm`^rfms

CA_]ZDAH F^A@AÂF ×_AC

]k sh`tf pfpuchr ofs jmjás m kâms drèvaohsHarms Dhkmarf

@mstm kçs ofs sh`tfs pfpuchrmshdrhoh+km msbfclmr R. Gfâf Jhptasth. Ftmòcfdf Rh`tf H`tò`af m f phph R. ^m+orf `âf vâf cmvhr h khc. F oah ku`oahcoh brah`äh ,8om gu`lf!9 h pmrmdra`häâfohs brah`ähs h Eètakh# ,8> om gu`lf!9 m foah of smu hsbakm`tf ,:?! hssak f hbf`+smclh m pmomk. Fs jmjás h`tms om `hs+bmrmk m hs suhs kâms drèvaohs prmbashkkmskf of phtrf`f R. Gfâf Jhptasth phrhomem`omr h oad`aohom omssms smrms pm+qum`a`fs m om suhs kâms# qum á f eu`oh+

km`tf ofs oarmatfs om hkjfs m om `òstfofs.

Msthvh mu bfk msths rmmxýms kftavh+of pfr uk bfcmdh qum km pmoau phrh eh+chr sfjrm mstm sh`tf pfpuchr `h suh emsth#

quh`of km surdau `f bfkputhofr uk ca+vra`lf a`mspmrhof f`+ca`m# mk ouhs cë`+duhs a`tatuchof –Zatf oh Jç`äâf om ukhbrah`äh `f vm`trm khtmr`f‛. Á pujcabh+of pmcfs jaspfs bhtòcabfs hkmrabh`fs mhprfvhof pmch Bfkassâf of Buctf Oava+`f. H jç`äâf pfom smr bmcmjrhoh `h kas+sh fu efrh oh kassh mk bmcmjrhäâf oh h+chvrh. Jç`äâf kuatf jf`ath m blmah omsm`taof. ^mom prftmäâf phrh f jmjá `hs+baturf# bf`efrtf phrh h kâm# rmspf`shja+caohom phrh f pha# hkfr phrh tfoh h eh+këcah m omcaohom hfs m`sa`hkm`tfs of

Mvh`dmclf. ]khs ohs cmaturhs sudmraohs

mk prakmarf cudhr sâf prmbashkm`tm hoh vasathäâf m m`bf`trf ohs ouhs kâmdrèvaohs# @fssh Rm`lfrh of jmjá Gmsusm Rh`th Ashjmc of sh`tf pfpuchr R. GfâfJhptasth. ^fom smr bmcmjrhoh phrh ukhfu drupfs om kâms. M h prfpòsatf# fs cmatfrms gè mstm h`f cmrhk h vaoh om hcduksh`tf bh`f`azhof# pfpuchr fu futrf6. qum `âf sm pfom msqumbmr qum fs sh`tfsâf kmstrms –mxpcabhofrms‛ oh vaoh om Gm

sus. Kuatf prètabfs. H cmaturh oh vaoh omuk sh`tf om vmz mk quh`of prmphrh+`fphrh f mxhkm oh vaoh m h prètabh oh eá mk

Gmsus Brastf.

       O       Z

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82 om gu`lf om :>8? •

_mcmef`ms

:?? <2: :55 Bhrtòraf oh phròquah om Cmarah:?? <2: 45> Rmka èraf Oafbmsh f:?? <?= >2> Dhja mtm Mpasbfphc:?? <:2 51: Bèraths Oafbmsh h om Cmarah:?? 8>2 <85 Bm`trf om Efrkhäâf m Bucturh:?? <2: =21 Blh`bmchrah ,Bêkhrh Mbcmsaèstabh!:?? <2: 45> Bfkassâf om Jm`s Bucturhas:?? <2: 225 Drèbh om Cmarah:?? <:= 85< Rmrvaäf Oafbmsh f om Bhtmqumsm:?? <2: 45> _raju`hc Mbcmsaèstabf

futrfs bf`thbtfs# vmr www.cmarah+ehtakh.pt 

Lfrèraf oh Kasshs Ofka`abhas^hròquah om Cmarah

Rèjhofs81l>> Rá81l2> Erh basbh fs

Ofka`dfs><l2> Mspëratf Rh`tf>1l>> Erh basbh fs>1l?= ^hucf UA8>l>> R. Erh basbf

8>l>> R. Zfkâf8>l2> Erh basbh fs88l>> Rh`tf Hdfsta`lf88l2> Rá m Rmka`èraf8<l2> Rá81l2> Erh basbh fs:8l2> @ª Rr.ª M bhr`häâf

HDM@OH   CAUZF oh smkh`h  

_raju`hc Guoabahc om Furák

8· GuëzF

^rhäh oF ku abë^aF + :?1>+?11 Furák

_mcme7 :?1=?>:>> ehx7 :?1>1> a >1 khac7 Furmk._bN_raju`has.Frd.^_

h`×`baF,:ª ^ujcabhäâF • ^rmsm`tm Cmarah+Eètakh# `.· ?822# 82.>5.:>82!

^rfbmssf7 888?&8:.>_JU@FOavòrbaf Rmk Bf`sm`takm`tf of Futrf Bÿ`gudmHutfr7 Jru`f Uamarh OmcdhofZáu7 H`hjmch om Fcavmarh ^morfsh Cfurm`äf@fs hutfs hbakh aom`tabhofs# bfrrmk áoatfs om 2> oahs# bf`thofs oh ohth oh sm+

du`oh m ÷ctakh pujcabhäâf of h`÷`baf# bath`of f,h! rá,u! H`hjmch om Fcavmarh ^morfshCfurm`äf# bfk ÷ctakh rmsaoç`bah bf`lmbaoh mk ofkabacaf7 Zuh oh Ef`tm# @f =1# Hzhju+blf# :?8>+>:8 Cma ah# phrh `f prhzf om 2> oahs# ombfrraof qum smgh f ofs áoatfs# bf`+tmsthr# qumrm`of# h prmsm`tm hbäâf# bfk h a`oabhäâf om qum h ehcth om bf`tmsthäâf`âf akpfrth h bf`ssâf ofs ehbtfs hrtabuchofs pmcf,s! hutfr,ms! m qum mk sujstê +bah f pmoaof bf`sastm# tuof bfkf kmclfr bf`sth of oupcabhof oh pmtaäâf a`abahc qum smm`bf`trh msth Rmbrmthrah# î oaspfsaäâf of bath`of.

Eabh hovmrtaof om qum á fjradhtòrah h bf`statuaäâf om kh`ohtèraf guoabahc.Furák# 88+>2+:>82@&Zmemrç`bah7 :?4:28?F Guaz om Oarmatf# Or,h!. ^htrëbah Dfkms Jmr`hrofF Fbahc om Gustaäh# Hurfrh Cmf`fr Ehra`lh

Rò f pfjr

sm ehz pâ

om Bhrcfs Khrah H`tu`

*H cmaturh om uk jfk cavrf á uk oaè

df a`bmssh`tm7 f cavrf ehch m h h ckh rmspfom.* ,H`orá Khurfas!

Á om uk cavrf bhphz om fs ehzmr tmr moaècfdf qum lfgm msbrmvf7 Rò f ^fjrm sm ehz ^âf. M`trmbzh`of gmguk# a`tmrafraohom m bfkphaxâf# om Bhrcfs KhH`tu`ms# kf`dm pfrtuduçs# `f Kfstmarf Bastmrbam`sm Rh`th Khrah om Rfjrhof# `h Dhcazh# pujcabhof pmchs ^hca`hs.

^fom bhushr surprmsh trhzmr f tmkh of gmguk phrh hcáoh ápfbh h qum lhjatuhckm`tm sm f hssfbah7 h Xuhrmsk+ –F gmguk# `f smu sm`taof khas hkpcf# khas of qum uprètabh pf`tuhc bf``hoh h omtmrka`hofs oahs ‒ ha`oh qmsth smgh akpfrth`tm bfkf khrbh qum hssa`hch uk bhk

`lf +# bf`statua+sm `uk bf`vatm h buctavhr uk mstacf om vasòjraf.‛ ‒ khs efa mstm uk ofs hspmtfs qum htrhau h ka`htm`äâf.

Râf k÷ctapchs hs rmemrç`bahs jëjcabhs om Gmsus î kmbfk fs hkadfs m msth aomah om qum h erhtmr`aohom sm m`sî kmsh á rmcmvh`tm. Khs f bhka`lf hpf`th phrh phrtar kmsh# hjrar tfohs hs pfrths# omaxhr+sm bf`ouzar pmcf MspërRh`tf m omsbfjrar f omsmgf prfeu`of qum mk bhoh uk ljath. M rmefräh h aomah om qum sò ehzm`of+sm gmguk om sa ppraf ,tfr`h`of+sm pfjrm!# sm pfom smr pâf phrh fs futrpfrqum sò hssak sm mstè cajmrtf phrh phrtaclhr. H sfjramoh

om vaoh qum sm prfpým rfkpm bfk f msqumkh om vaoh bf

sukasth oh `fssh sfbamohom m# bfkmäh`of bfk mssm –rfpakm`tf‛# f gmguk tmk f smu cudhr.

Khs `hoh astf rmtarh# `hturhckm`tm# sm`taof hf gmgtrhoabaf`hc# h`tms f rmbm`trh `h vaoh om bhoh brastâf.

Á uk cavrf qum sm hbfkph`lh bfk ehbacaohom# `âf smof om tfof cadmarf. Á uk cavrf qum `fs ehch m h qum hckh rm

pf`om# pmrkata`of f thc oaècfdf. ]kh cmaturh h pÿr `h casKhrah Lmcm`h Mspëratf Rh`

  ^mrmdra`häâf A`tmr`hbaf`hc H`avmrsèrah h

Eètakh

 Kfvakm`tf ofs Bursfs om Brasth`ohom7 Zm+

u`aâf om @÷bcmf Bm`trf ,Bfakjrh!

 Hbäâf Bhtòcabh Zurhc7 Zmu`aâf om omcmdhofs

î Hssmkjcmah @hbaf`hc H`avmrsèraf `hthcëbaf m om from`häâf mpas+

bfphc om O. RmrhkCmdaâf om Khrah7 Zmu`aâf Bfkatauk

Bursfs om Brasth`ohom7 M`bmrrhkm`tf oh Ms+

bfch KBB

Uaoh Hsbm`om`tm7 Zmu`aâf om Drupf ,Cmarah!

Zmu`aâf oh Mquaph Rmrvaäf hstfrhc Cat÷rdabh

m K÷sabh Rhbrh ,R^CKR!

Zmu`aâf oh mquaph shbmrofthc oh vadhrhrah

oh Jhthclh

Zmu`aâf oh mquaph shbmrofthc oh vadhrhrah

om Kf`tm Zmhc

Zmu`aâf oh mquaph shbmrofthc oh vadhrhrah om Kf`tmZmhc

Zmu`aâf oh mquaph shbmrofthc oh vadhrhrah om ^frtf

om Kòs

B@M + HBHBA^

B^K + M`bf`trf om @favfs ,Rá!

Zmu`aâf ofs Zmspf`sèvmas Oafbmsh`fs oh

Bhtmqumsm ,R@MB!

B@M + HBHBA^

B^K + M`bf`trf om @favfs ,Jhgfubh!

CK + ^hssmaf&^mrmdra`häâf h uk sh`tuèraf

khrah`f

  B@M + HBHBA^

BUR + M`bmrrhkm`tf om hbtavaohoms

M`bmrrhkm`tf om htavaohoms ,^E# M@R# B^K!

82qua`th

 gu`lf

8?smxth

 gu`lf

85ofka`df

 gu`lf

84smdu`oh

 gu`lf

8<tmräh

 gu`lf

81quhrth

 gu`lf

:>qua`th

 gu`lf

:8smxth

 gu`lf

::sèjhof

 gu`lf

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 gu`lf

E. Bfsth ^mrmarhKáoab Mpmbaa Omä o jb m omm

Zuh Gfâf om Omus# :=+ 8· Ot. + CMAZAH

Bf`sucths BfK Lfrh KhrBhOh

:ª# ?ª m =ª7 88l+82l m 8=l+81l# 2ª7 8>l+82l m 8=l+81l

_mc. :?? <2:?>5

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^]J 8&<

bhr_òraF `F_hrahc om cmarah h bhrdF oF `F_èraF ^morF _hvhrms

Bmrtabf# phrh `s om pujcabhäâf# qum mstm Bhrtòraf m `f Cavrf om @fths phrh Ms +braturhs Oavmrshs `· :2: ‒ H om efclhs tra`th m smtm h efclhs tra`th m fatf vmrsf sm m` +bf`trh mxhrhoh ukh msbraturh om Gustabhäâf @fthrahc f oah t rçs om Gu`lf om :>82.

Futfrdhoh pfr7 Khrah Hcjmrta`h om Gmsus Duaclmrka`f# sfctmarh# khafr# `hturhc omRh`th Bhthra`h oh Rmrrh# Cmarah# rmsaom`tm `h Zuh @ª Rª oh Duah `· :15# Uhcm Hctf# Ka`+om# Hcbh`m`h# `ae 8?: :2= <1> `h quhc oassm of`h m cmdëtakh pfssuaofrh ofs smdua` +tms akòvmas7

uk7 práoaf r÷stabf# bfkpfstf pfr tmrrm`f om m`bfsth m khtf bfk fcavmarhs# bfk hèrmh om smas kac trmzm`tfs m fatm`th kmtrfs quhorhofs# h bf`erf`thr of frtm bfk Cuësoh Racvh Zajmarf# suc Khxaka`f ofs Rh`tfs# hsbm`tm Gfsá mrmarh Khrta`lf m pfm`tm bh+ka`lf# satf mk Futmarf of Kfa`lf# `h ermdumsah om Rh`th Bhthra`h oh Rmrrh of bf` +bmclf om Cmarah# `âf omsbratf `h Bf`smrvhtòrah of Zmdastf ^rmoahc omstm bf`bmclf# a`s+bratf `h khtraz sfj f hrtadf :?8# bfk f vhcfr phtrakf`ahc trajutèraf om =2#>=₣# aduhchf htrajuëof9

ofas7 práoaf r÷stabf# bfkpfstf pfr tmrrh om bucturh bfk fcavmarhs# bfk h èrmh omkac m quhtrfbm`tfs kmtrfs quhorhofs# h bf`erf`thr of `frtm bfk bhka`lf# suc H`tò+`af Duaclmrka`f# `hsbm`tm Gfsá ofs Rh`tfs Racvh m pfm`tm H`tò`af Eacapm oh Racvh# satfmk Chdfa`lh fu Futmarf Hctf# h ermdumsah om Rh`th Bhthra`h oh Rmrrh of bf`bmclf omCmarah# âf omsbratf h Bf`smrvhtòrah of Zmdastf rmoahc omstm bf`bmclf# a`sbratf h kh+traz sfj f hrtadf ??:4# bfk f vhcfr phtrakf`ahc trajutèraf om ::>#58₣# aduhc hf htrajuëof9

Xum fs práoafs vamrhk h pfssm oh rmprmsm`thoh pfr phrtaclh kmrhkm`tm vmrjhc pfrvfcth om kac `fvmbm`tfs m smtm`th m quhtrf pfr òjatf ofs phas Gfsá ofs Rh`tfs Duaclmr+ka`f m M`bhr`häâf om Gmsus.

Xum# hssak# mch vmk pfssua`of mssms práoafs bfkf smus# lè khas om va`tm h`fs#bfkf prfpramtèrah m `h bf`vabäâf om f smr# buctavh`of+fs m bfclm`of fs smus erutfs#bukpra`of hs fjradhäýms sbhas h mcms rmchtavhs# pfssm qum vmk mxmrbm`of a`a`tmrrupth

m fstm`savhkm`tm# bfk bf`lmbakm`tf om tfoh h dm`tm m smk fpfsaäâf om qumk qumrqum smgh# hssak om kfof phbëbf# bf`të`uf# p÷jcabf m om jfh eá# pmcf qum hoquarau pfrusubhpaâf h prfpramohom sfjrm fs a`oabhofs akòvmas.

Xum ohoh h efrkh om hquasaäâf frada`èrah âf tmk ofbukm`tfs qum h bfkprfvmk.Xum phrh suprar thc tëtucf vmk# mk `fkm oh rmprmsm`thoh# pmch prmsm`tm msbraturh

prmsthr msths ombchrhäýms om gustabhäâf bfk f k om fjtmr `f rmdastf prmoahc h pra+kmarh a`sbraäâf om hquasaäâf ofs rmemraofs práoafs.

Uha bf`efrkm hf frada`hc h phrtm eftfbfpahoh âf lhvm`of h phrtm fkataoh hohqum hkpcam rmstra`gh# kfoaqum fu bf`oabaf`m h phrtm eftfbfpahoh.

Khrah Cmf`fr om Hckmaoh mrmarh# eu`baf`èrah of Bhrtòraf mk mpëdrhem# f usf ombfkpmtç`bah bugh hutfrazhäâf pmcf @ftèraf rmspmbtavf efa pujcabhof fs tmrkfs oh Cmasfj f ÷kmrf 8:<&2 h 28&>8&:>88# mk Cmarah# trçs Gu`lf om ofas kac m trmzm.

H Eu`baf`èrah ,hssa`hturh acmdëvmc!^rmsm`tm Cmarah+Eètakh# `.· ?822# 82.>5.:>82

_raju`hc Guoabahc om cmarah

?¾ GuëzF bëvmc

chrdF sh`_h`h# 8? + :?>>+::2 cmarah

_mcme. :??<?=22>&2=: • ehx7 :??<?<<11 • khac7 cmarah._bN_raju`has.Frd.^_

h`×`baF,8ª ^ujcabhäâF • ^rmsm`tm Cmarah+Eètakh# `.· ?822# 82.>5.:>82!

^rfbmssf7 28>&8:.?_JCZH Häâf om ^rfbmssf RukèrafHutfr7 Hkárabf Cfpms om Ehrah m futrf,s! ...Záu7 H`h ^huch Jhdhrrâf Lm`raqums m futrf,s! ...@&Zmemrç`bah7 <8>1:>1Ohth7 :>+>=+:>82@fs hutfs hbakh aom`tabhofs# bfrrmk áoatfs om 2> oahs# bf`thofs oh ohth oh smdu`+

oh m ÷ctakh pujcabhäâf of h`÷`baf# bath`of7Záu7 ^hucf Gfsá oh Racvh ^a`lmarf# clf om Gfsá Zhkfs ^a`lmarf m om Khrah Mkëcah oh

Racvh Bhrrmarh ^a`lmarf# msthof bavac7 Rfctmarf ,rmdakm7 Rfctmarf!# @AE + :?855:?=8# ofkabë+caf7 Xua`th oh Hcähoh# Ct. ?: ‒ A· Msq·.# Khrrhzms# :?8=+=51 Cmarah

bfk ÷ctakh rmsaoç`bah bf`lmbaoh h kfrhoh a`oabhoh phrh# f prhzf om :> oahs# om+

bfrraof qum smgh f ofs áoatfs# bf`tmsthr# qumrm`of# h häâf# bfk h bfka`häâf om qum hehcth om bf`tmsthäâf akpfrth h bf`ssâf ofs ehbtfs hrtabuchofs pmcfs hutfrms m qum mksujstê`bah f pmoaof bf`sastm mk qum fs ráus smghk bf`om`hofs h phdhr sfcaohrahkm`+tm î hutfrh # h akpfrtê`bah tfthc om ₣ 8=.:1< ,qua`zm kac ouzm`tfs m `fvm`th m fatf mu +rfs!# hbrmsbaoh om gurfs î thxh cmdhc# h bf`thr oh bathäâf htá a`tmdrhc phdhkm`tf# tuofbfkf kmclfr bf`sth of oupcabhof oh pmtaäâf a`abahc qum sm m`bf`trh `msth Rmbrmthrah# îoaspfsaäâf of bath`of.

F prhzf hbakh a`oabhof suspm`om+sm# f m`th`tf# hs eárahs guoabahas.Eabh hovmrtaof om qum á fjradhtòrah h bf`statuaäâf om kh`ohtèraf guoabahc.H Guaz om OarmatfOr,h!. H`h Cëoah Fcavmarh BhomtmH Fbahc om Gustaäh#Khrdhraoh Kfomr`f

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82 om gu`lf om :>82 • 8

Obfj h eh fo`h`of h cth]GRRM RM_È BF@FF@RB

@]FOHX MLC KAFRM^O ^ZOMÂF 

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A`tuäý.]h hp`h f `÷kf o > h 1.

 Hoabaf`h`of f ÷kf o bhoh ca`lh lf+azf`thc f `÷kf o bhoh ca`lh vtabhc

`bf`thè f `÷kf qu `bf`th `feak o bhoh bfcu`h.

f `÷kfohphbaof

]k cavf áukh bfkph`lah

k eak H catuh `âf á ò uk htf bhtavf# á thkják uk a`tuk`tfeu`ohk`thc phh vav k fbaoho.

@bsathkf o c `h kha oavh babu`tê`bah# oo hbfah kha akpc# bfkf quh`of vhkf hf upkbhof qu+kf hj f päf# fu quh`of tkf o pm`bl akpsffeabaha. H catuh thz f j`eëbaf o `f a`tdh kclf `fku`of qu `f foah.

Bfkbkf pch phchvh9 quh`tf kha ckf# khaf kha a bfè f `fsf vfbhjucèaf. M bf`lb futh phchvh pkat+`f utacazè+ch oh efkh kha hoquhoh bf`fh`t h atuhäâfk qu thkf. Kuath vz# h efkh bfkf oahcfdhkf `fxpshkf vjhck`t `âf pkat qu f futf `t`ohk fqu qukf bfku`abh# pfqu âf uèkf h phchvh bfrth.

F bf`lbak`tf qu hoquaakf bfk h catuh# cvhk+`f ha`ohh o`vfcv futh bhhbtëtabh bfkf á bhf oh bath ofpëatf bëtabf. Hguoh+`f h p`h ecta fj f ku`of# ho`vfcv h `fsh bahtavaoho# ta`h f bájf o`vfcv h`fsh bhphbaoho phh htavaoho qu bsathk o bfkpm`âf bf`b`thäâf.

@k kp á eèbac `bf`th cavf qu `f kftavk h c oefkh hphaxf`hoh# kh h jajcaftbh p÷jcabh âf uk bufpbaff `s hptf. @h uh th`t `bf`thkf pfth phhfutf ku`of# pfqu h catuh `âf phtabh ò hthvá ofcavf# pfokf c thkják gf`ha vath htá fuva latòah.

 H bhphbaoho o akhda`h f`lh ehz pht of lukh`f# hcatuh pfo cvh+`f h futf ku`of# kh f kha akpfth`t áqu uk cavf u`bh f oaxh fza`lf# h catuh á ukh bfkph`lahk eak.

Cacah`h Df`ähcv

Rvaäf Oafbh`f oh Bhtqu# `f bhcof Eth oh Eá

 H hv tuh bf`ta`uh]kh oh htavaoho kha phtabaphoh `h Eth oh

Eá tv bfkf pfthdf`ath bah`äh gfv` qu  gu`thhk hf Rvaäf Oafbh f o Bhtqu k tf`foh hv`tuh –@h pdhoh oh Eá*. _ka`hoh h eth# hhv`tuh bf`ta`uh# hdfh k tf`f oh phtaclh.

F Rvaäf Oafbh`f o Bhtqu pfpý h tf+of f qu phtabaphhk `h Eth oh Eá ukh phtaclhkhsavh o eftfdheah ttku`lf dathof `h–pdhoh‛. H a`t`äâf á kftavh î phtaclh bf`tajuaphh h bahäâf o uk hquavf bfk tfof f khtahabfclaof.

Kha# bhoh dupf á ha`oh oheahof h bf`thbhquc bugh –pdhoh‛ tfux bf`adf. H aoah á pfkv uk khaf bf`lbak`tf `t psfh dupf Oafb bf`ta`uh h kftavh î phtaclh.

Ea`hck`t tâf tfof bf`vaohof h `vah h apsý fpa`aý fj h xpaç`bah vavaoh ` a`t`f eak o kh`h. H a`t`äâf á ehz uhvhcahäâf d`áabh pbj pf`tf h kclfh pphhäâf o htavaoho eutuh akach.

_fof t khtaha ovâf `vahof ph`h.pdhoh.oh.eNdkhac.bfk. | e

]k o`lf phh bfcfafu# qua# kh`oh+`f f o`lf qu eaz

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Á a`bf`tfr`èvmc qum vavmkfs lfgmtmkpfs om brasm m qum# pmcf km`fs hburtf prhzf# `âf sm vascukjrh f smu k.

F ^hph Erh`basbf# `f phsshof oah 4 om gu`lf# quh`of ehchvh phrh khas om `fvmkac pmssfhs qum rmbmjmu `f Uhtabh+`f# oassm qum –tfof f ku`of mstè h va+vmr uk kfkm`tf om brasm# khs á `mbms+sèraf shjmr cç+ch# pfrqum á# omsom cfdf#ukh brasm of vhcfr ofs smrms lukh`fs‛.

M hbrmsbm`tfu# h mstm prfpòsatf7 –H brasmqum msthkfs h vavmr á h brasm oh pmssfh#qum gè `âf bf`th# sò f oa`lmarf bf`th‛.

Bfkf brastâfs# sfkfs blhkhofs h rm+mtar smrahkm`tm `msths phchvrhs# h sm`tar

f blhkhkm`tf om vavmrkfs mstms kf+km`tfs oaeëbmas `h omcaohom î vfbhäâf

jhtaskhc m h smrkfs trh`skassfrms ohEá. Khs# `âf pfomkfs trh`skatar hqua+cf qum `âf vavmkfs. @âf pfomkfs smr

prfemths# sm `âf bf`erf`thrkfs f `fssfquftaoah`f bfk f Mvh`dmclf. Rò h bf+ku`lâf bfk f ^ha# mk Gmsus Brastf m `hdrhäh of Mspëratf Rh`tf# `fs pfom ak+pucsaf`hr h oaeu`oar h Eá qum prfemssh+kfs. H Eá vavm+sm `f Hkfr# qum sm omvm

trhouzar khas mk fjrhs of qum mk ph+chvrhs. H mxmkpcf ohs prakmarhs bfku+`aohoms brastâs# sfkfs bf`vaohofs î

–u`aâf erhtmr`h# î erhäâf of pâf m îs

frhäýms…‛# thc bfkf cmkfs `f bhpëtu+cf smdu`of of cavrf ofs Htfs ofs Hpòs+tfcfs. _m`lhkfs# pfas# h huoèbah om vavmr

`f `fssf oah h oah fs vhcfrms of Mvh`+dmclf m tç+cfs bfkf bratáraf ohs `fsshsfpäýms. @âf pfomkfs bhr a`oaemrm +

tms hfs qum sfermk hf `fssf chof. Gm+sus Brastf á ef`tm om mspmrh`äh qum om+vmkfs bfku`abhr hfs lfkm`s qum omch

tçk mbmssaohom phrh vavmr.

Bfkmähkfs bfk msth moaäâf ukh

vasath îs phròquahs oh `fssh oafbmsm#

sm`of Cmarah h prakmarh. Xumrmkfs sm`+tar mk bhoh bfku`aohom oh `fssh Adrmgh

phrtabuchr f pucshr oh mxpmraç`bah vavaoh

of Mvh`dmclf m fs erutfs oh häâf of smu

h`÷`baf. _hkják âf puomkfs omaxhr

om msthr `h pmrmdra`häâf ohs brah`ähs h

Eètakh# `fs phsshofs oahs 1 m 8> om gu+

`lf. Mchs sâf f euturf omsth Adrmgh h qum

`fs frduclhkfs om pmrtm`bmr

Bhrcfs Khdhclâms om BhrvhclfoarmtfrNgfr`hcprmsm`tm.pt 

moatfrahc

*Hpfstha sfjrm fs drh`oms aomhas# sfjrm hs

bfashs drh`oms. @òs# brastâfs# `âf efkfs

msbfclaofs pmcf Rm`lfr phrh bfasa`lhs

pmqum`hs# aom smkprm khas hcák# rukf îs bfashs

drh`oms. Gfvm`s# gfdha h vaoh pfr drh`oms aomhas(

^hph Erh`basbf

OAFBMRM OM CMAZAH+EÈ_AKH | Dhja`mtm of Jaspf Oafbmsh`f

@fkmhäýms mk gu`lf om :>82

F Jaspf om Cmarah+Eètakh# Rm`lfr O.

 H`tò`af Khrtf# tfr`h p÷jcabhs hs smdua`+

tms fkmhäýms7

F ^. Or. Gfsá Hudustf ^mrmarh Zf+

oradums á `fkmhof Zmatfr of Rmka`èraf

 Oafbmsh`f om Cmarah m Oarmtfr of Bm`trf

 ^hstfrhc Oafbmsh`f. Kh`ták hs u`äýmsom Oarmtfr of Omphrthkm`tf om ^hstfrhc

 Ehkacahr# Oarmtfr of Rmrvaäf om ^hstfrhc oh

Rh÷om m Hssastm`tm ^hstfrhc oh Msbfch om

 Efrkhäâf Rfbahc Zurhc om Cmarah. Omaxh hs

 u`äýms om Uadèraf ^hrfquahc om Cmarah m oh

Bruz oh Hrmah.

F Ofutfr Khrbf Oh`amc Bhrrf+

ch Ouhrtm á `fkmhof Oarmtfr of Omphr+

thkm`tf om ^htrakò`af Bucturhc m phssh h

a`tmdrhr f Bf`smclf om Bffrom`häâf ^hs+

tfrhc. F Ofutfr Khrbf Oh`amc Ouhrtm á Oa+

rmtfr of Kusmu of Rh`tuèraf om Eètakh m

rmspf`sèvmc pmch Rmbäâf om Hrtm m ^htra+

kò`af of kmskf Rh`tuèraf. Á cabm`bah+

of mk Lastòrah# ofutfrhof mk Lastòrah oh

 Hrtm m kmkjrf oh Hbhomkah ^frtudumshoh Lastòrah.

F Ofutfr ^morf Kadumc Oush+

jhkhlfrf Uhca`lf Dfkms á `fkmhof

 Oarmtfr of Bm trf om Efrkhäâf m Bucturh m

 phssh h a`tmdrhr f Bf`smclf om Bffrom`h+

äâf ^hstfrhc. F Ofutfr ^morf Dfkms á hs+

smssfr `h ^fstuchäâf Erh`basbf m Ghba`th

 Khrtf m ofbm`tm `f A`statutf ^fcatáb`abf om

 Cmarah. Á cabm`bahof mk _mfcfdah m Ofutfrh+

of mk Eacfsfeh.

F ^. Or. Kh`umc Lm`raqum Dhkma+

rf om Gmsus á fkmhof Mbò`fkf of Rmka+

`èraf Oafbmsh`f# Oarmtfr of ^rá+Rmka`è+

raf# Oarmtfr of Bm`trf om Hpfaf hf M`sa`f

Rupmrafr m Hssastm`tm Oafbmsh`f of Kf+

vakm`tf Bhtòcabf om Mstuoh`tms. Hbuku+

ch bfk hs u`äýms om Oarmtfr of Rmrvaäf

 Oafbmsh`f om ^hstfrhc Guvm`ac m Hssastm`tm

 Oafbmsh`f of Kfvakm`tf ofs Bf`vëvafs

 Erhtmr`fs. Omaxh f smrvaäf phstfrhc hs bh+ pmch`ahs kacathrms oh Jhsm Hármh om Kf tm

 Zmhc m of Zmdakm`tf om Hrtaclhrah om Cmarah

m f smrvaäf om Bhpmcâf of Kfstmarf om Rh`+

th Bchrh# mk Kf`tm Zmhc.

F ^. Asaorf oh ^amohom Hcjmrtf á

`fkmhof ^èrfbf om Hkfr. Hbukuch bfk

h phrfquahcaohom om Zmdumarh om ^f`tms m

bfk hs u`äýms om Hssastm`tm Zmdaf`hc oh

 Hssfbahäâf Bhtòcabh om M mrkmarfs m ^rf+

 essaf`has om Rh÷om ‒ Oarmäâf Zmdaf`hc om

 Cmarah.

F ^. Or. H`orá H`tu`ms Jhtas+

th á `fkmhof ^èrfbf om Hzfah m om Jh+

rfsh. Omaxh hs u`äýms om Oarmtfr of ^rá+

Rmka`èraf m om Mbò`fkf of Rmka`èraf

 Oafbmsh`f. Bf`ta`uh bfkf Zmspf`sèvmcohs Bmcmjrhäýms Oafbmsh`hs m Kmstrm om

Bmrakò`ahs oh Oafbmsm.

F ^. Or. Kh`umc Hrka`of ^mrma+

rh Gh`marf á `fkmhof ^èrfbf om @fssh

Rm`lfrh oh ^amohom# mk Furák. Omaxh hs

 u`äýms om Zmatfr of Rmka`èraf Oafbmsh+

`f# Oarmtfr of Bm`trf om Efrkhäâf m Buc+

turh m Oarmtfr of Omphrthkm`tf om ^htra+

kò`af Bucturhc.

F Or. Bhrcfs Kh`umc Khdhclâms

om Bhrvhclf fa `fkmhof# pfr kh`ohtf

of Rm`lfr Jaspf om Cmarah+Eètakh# Oarmtfr 

of gfr`hc oafbmsh`f –^rmsm`tm Cmarah+Eèta+

kh‛. F Or. Khdhclâms om Bhrvhclf á cabm`+

bahof mk Oarmatf# mxmrbm hovfbhbah m bfch+

jfrh bfk oavmrsfs smrvaäfs m a`statuaäýms

oafbmsh`fs.

F ^. H`tò`af oh ^amohom Jm`tf á

oaspm`shof# h smu pmoaof oh phrfquahcaoh+

om om @fssh Rm`lfrh oh ^amohom# mk Fu+rák# phssh`of î satuhäâf om gujachof. Á 

`fkmhof Bhpmcâf of Kfstmarf om Rh`th

Bchrh# mk Kf`tm Zmhc# m bfchjfrhrè phstf+

rhckm`tm `h phròquah om Hkfr.

F ^. Gfhquak Ofka`dums Dhsphr#

htá 81.>=.:>82 Oarmtfr of gfr`hc –H Ufz of

 Ofka`df‛# phssh î satuhäâf om gujachof m

bf`ta`uh h bfchjfrhr phstfrhckm`tm `h

 phròquah om Kf`tm Zmof`of.

F ^. Kh`umc ^morfsh Kmcquëhoms á

oaspm`shof# h smu pmoaof# oh phrfquahcaoh+

om om Hkfr# phssh`of î satuhäâf om gujach+

of. Bfchjfrhrè phstfrhckm`tm bfkf Uadè+

raf ^hrfquahc `h phròquah oh Jhgfubh.

F ^. Gfrdm Ofka`dums om Fcavma+

rh omaxh h smu pmoaof# h phrfquahcaohom om Hzfah m om Jhrfsh. Zmdrmssh phrh f smrvaäf

oh Bf`drmdhäâf ofs Kassaf`èrafs Bfkjf+

`ah`fs of Bfrhäâf om Gmsus.

 Hs tfkhohs om pfssm smrâf `f a`ëbaf

of pròxakf h`f phstfrhc.

Cmarah# 82 om gu`lf om :>82#

Emsth om Rh`tf H`tò`af om Casjfh.

Uëtfr Bfuta`lf#

Blmem om Dhja`mtm of Jaspf Oafbmsh`f

Zmeª7 JO:>82M+>>:

BFK]@ABHOF

^hrh f pròxakf h`f phstfrhc

O. H`tò`af Khrtf h`u`bah `fkmhäýms