The Egyptian and The Egyptian and Nubian EmpiresNubian Empires

Chapter 4, Section 1Chapter 4, Section 1

OpenerOpener Two empires along the Nile, Egypt Two empires along the Nile, Egypt

and Nubia, forge commercial, and Nubia, forge commercial, cultural, and political connections.cultural, and political connections.

Nomadic Invaders Rule EgyptNomadic Invaders Rule Egypt InvadersInvaders

• About 1640 B.C., Asian warriors, the Hyksos, use About 1640 B.C., Asian warriors, the Hyksos, use chariots to conquer Egypt.chariots to conquer Egypt.

Hebrews Migrate to EgyptHebrews Migrate to Egypt• Hebrews move to Egypt from Canaan around Hebrews move to Egypt from Canaan around

1650 B.C.1650 B.C.• Egyptians resent the presence of Hebrews and Egyptians resent the presence of Hebrews and

Hyksos in Egypt.Hyksos in Egypt. Expulsion and SlaveryExpulsion and Slavery

• Egyptians drive out the hated HyksosEgyptians drive out the hated Hyksos• Hebrews lose protection of Hyksos; are enslaved.Hebrews lose protection of Hyksos; are enslaved.

The New Kingdom of EgyptThe New Kingdom of Egypt Technological AdvancesTechnological Advances

• About 1570 to 1075 B.C. pharaohs About 1570 to 1075 B.C. pharaohs create the New Kingdom, a powerful create the New Kingdom, a powerful empire.empire.

• Army uses bronze weapons and chariots Army uses bronze weapons and chariots to conquer other lands.to conquer other lands.

Hatshepsut’s Prosperous RuleHatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule• Hatshepsut—pharaoh whose reign most Hatshepsut—pharaoh whose reign most

noted for her trade expeditions, not war.noted for her trade expeditions, not war.

The New Kingdom of Egypt The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued)(continued)

Thutmose the Empire BuilderThutmose the Empire Builder• Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s stepson, Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s stepson,

expands Egypt’s empire.expands Egypt’s empire.• Invades Palestine, Syria, and Nubia—Invades Palestine, Syria, and Nubia—

region around the upper Nile River.region around the upper Nile River.• Egypt is most powerful and wealthy Egypt is most powerful and wealthy

during reign of the New Kingdom during reign of the New Kingdom pharaohs.pharaohs.

The New Kingdom of Egypt The New Kingdom of Egypt (continued)(continued)

The Egyptians and the HittitesThe Egyptians and the Hittites• Around 1285 B.C. Egyptians battle the Hittites Around 1285 B.C. Egyptians battle the Hittites

in Palestinein Palestine• Egypt’s pharaoh, Ramses II, and the Hittite Egypt’s pharaoh, Ramses II, and the Hittite

king sign a peace treaty.king sign a peace treaty. An Age of BuildersAn Age of Builders

• New Kingdom pharaohs build great palaces, New Kingdom pharaohs build great palaces, magnificent temples.magnificent temples.

• Valley of the Kings near Thebes is home to Valley of the Kings near Thebes is home to royal tombs.royal tombs.

• Ramses II builds impressive temples with Ramses II builds impressive temples with enormous statues of himself.enormous statues of himself.

The Empire DeclinesThe Empire Declines Invasions by Land and SeaInvasions by Land and Sea

• ““Sea Peoples (possibly Philistines) cause Sea Peoples (possibly Philistines) cause great destruction in Egypt.great destruction in Egypt.

• Libyan raids on villages and rebellions in Libyan raids on villages and rebellions in Palestine weaken the empire.Palestine weaken the empire.

Egypt’s Empire FadesEgypt’s Empire Fades• Weakened empire breaks into smaller Weakened empire breaks into smaller

kingdoms.kingdoms.• From around 950 B.C. to 730 B.C. Libyan From around 950 B.C. to 730 B.C. Libyan

pharaohs rule Egypt and erect cities.pharaohs rule Egypt and erect cities.

The Kushites Conquer the Nile The Kushites Conquer the Nile RegionRegion

Egypt and KushEgypt and Kush• From 2000 to 1000 B.C., Egypt From 2000 to 1000 B.C., Egypt

dominates the kingdom of Kush in Nubia.dominates the kingdom of Kush in Nubia. The People of NubiaThe People of Nubia

• Live south of Egypt near division of the Live south of Egypt near division of the Blue Nile and the White Nile.Blue Nile and the White Nile.

• Nile River is a great trade route for Nile River is a great trade route for goods and ideas.goods and ideas.

• Nubians link Egypt and Mediterranean to Nubians link Egypt and Mediterranean to African interior through trade.African interior through trade.

The Kushites Conquer the Nile The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region (continued)Region (continued)

The Interaction of Egypt and NubiaThe Interaction of Egypt and Nubia• Egyptian culture influences Nubia and Egyptian culture influences Nubia and

beyond to southern Africa.beyond to southern Africa.• About 1200 B.C., Nubia gains independence About 1200 B.C., Nubia gains independence

but keeps Egyptian culture.but keeps Egyptian culture. Piankhi Captures the Egyptian ThronePiankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne

• In 751 B.C., Kushite king Piankhi conquers In 751 B.C., Kushite king Piankhi conquers Egypt, ousts Libyans.Egypt, ousts Libyans.

• Assyrians overcome Kushites and take Assyrians overcome Kushites and take Egypt.Egypt.

The Golden Age of MeroThe Golden Age of Meroëë MeroMeroëë

• Kushites settle in Kushites settle in MeroMeroë; join in trade with Africa, Arabia, ë; join in trade with Africa, Arabia, and Indiaand India

The Wealth of KushThe Wealth of Kush• MeroMeroë becomes important center of iron weapons and ë becomes important center of iron weapons and

toolstools• Iron products transported to Red Sea, exchanged for Iron products transported to Red Sea, exchanged for

luxury goods.luxury goods. The Decline of The Decline of MeroMeroëë

• MeroMeroë thrives from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150, then ë thrives from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150, then declines.declines.

• Aksum, 400 miles southeast, dominates North African Aksum, 400 miles southeast, dominates North African trade.trade.

• Askum has port on the Red Sea, and defeats Askum has port on the Red Sea, and defeats MeroMeroë in ë in A.D. 350.A.D. 350.