4th Nine weeks

Key Terms and topics

MesopotamiaMiddle Eastern Ancient civilization. Area was known as the “fertile Crescent” In biblical

account this would be considered the area where the Garden of

Eden existed. Therefore it is also referred to as

the “Cradle of Civilization”

Middle East Known for:•Oil reserves

•Wars/Conflict•Religion

Flag of Israel Very symbolic. Star of David represents their

Jewish culture and heritage. Unique

because it is a Jewish nation within the

Middle East.

AD/BC timelineAD- referring to the

year of Christ’s birth.

BC- meaning the time before Christ’s

birth.

Christian Holy BookBible

Islamic Holy BookKoran

Jewish Holy BookTorah

Feudal System/FeudalismMedieval European

political system comprised of a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior

nobility, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.

CrusadesSeries of ancient wars

fought between Christians and Muslims.

These wars fought in many locations helped

spread religion, disease, technology, new ideas,

MonasteryEarly monks living in

Monasteries contributed to the world by copying

(by hand) famous literary works and religious texts

(bible). This allowed information to travel

from the past without mechanical print.

Hieroglyphics Egyptian writing using symbols or pictures to tell a story, event, or

historical records.

Cuneiform An ancient form of

writing found in the Sumerian civilization. It

is referred to as a wedged shaped writing using pictographs to tell a story, event, historical

record.

Code of HammurabiFirst written law

code in the world. It stated many of

the basic laws that are still in modern

law today.

Imports/Exports Imports- goods or

services entering or coming into a country.

Exports- goods or services leaving or sent

outside a country.

TariffsA tax on goods entering a country. This tariff or tax

helps keep all goods competitive in a country.

Marco PoloDuring the Age of

Exploration was known and the explorer who

opened up trade routes with Asia.

•.Gunpowder•Silk

•Spices

Magellan Explorer during the Age

of Exploration who is known as the first

explorer to sail around the world

(Circumnavigate)

Columbus Explorer during the Age

of Exploration very interested in discovery of the “New World” or the

Americas.

Resources •Water•Trees•Air•Coal

•Natural Gas•Land

IrrigationA way to bring water into

an area to supply the needs of humans and/or

crops.

Terracing Carved steps into mountains or high

elevations for farming or living purposes. Makes land that is otherwise useless now useable.

DeltaArea where a river

deposits sediment into an ocean. Examples

include the Mississippi River Delta, and , the Nile

River Delta in Africa.

Latitude and Longitude

Lines on a map or globe that help find locations of specific places.

Physical Map vs. Political Map

Industrial Revolution When production of goods changed from

being made by hand to be made by machines.

Car Industry/Assembly Line

Henry Ford (Ford Motor Company)Developed a way to speed up production by using workers to specialize in one job

along a line of production.

Labor Unions Developed by

workers to ensure •Fair wages

•Safe work environments•Benefits

Strikes Effective form of protest.

Often occurs to get a message across.

Examples include:•Pickett Lines

•Sit Ins

Examples of Peaceful Protest

Picket LinesSit Ins

Boycotts

HurricanesOccur in along the

Eastern Sea Coast of the United States and along the Gulf coast (Gulf of

Mexico)

GrasslandsAreas of land in the American mid west. Often referred to as

“Americas Breadbasket”Where we see a lot of

agricultural activities take place. (Farming)

Culture It is the way a civilization

of people…•Talk•Sing

•Dance•Worship

•Recreation

Melting potE’ Pluribus Unum

“Out of many- One”

Spanish Influences to America

•Guitar•Horses•Corn

•Language•Fiesta

Canada (Bilingual)French and

English speaking citizens. It tells a

lot about their roots or origin of

their nation.

Primary Source Secondary Source

Secondary sources provide interpretation and analysis of primary sources.

Secondary sources are one step removed from the original event or "horse's mouth."

Examples of secondary sources:Britannica Online encyclopedia (online)

American National Biography (database) literary criticism analyzing a play, poem,

novel, or short story magazine or newspaper articles about

events or people political commentary analyzing an election

or politician (via Lexis-Nexis database) textbooks

A primary source is a document, speech, or other sort of evidence written, created or otherwise produced during the time under study. Primary sources offer an inside view of a particular event. Examples include:Original documents: autobiographies, diaries, e-mail, interviews, letters, minutes, news film footage, official records, photographs, raw research data, speechesCreative works: art, drama, films, music, novels, poetryRelics or artifacts: buildings, clothing, DNA, furniture, jewelry, pottery

Memorial Day Originally known as

decorative day was put in place to honor the fallen

American service members

Martin Luther King Jr. Leader of the 1964 civil

rights movement.

Pre-historic people In world history

these are the people who are before written

records. Referred to as

hunter/gatherers(Nomads)

Economic SystemsMarket- (Free Enterprise) Driven by produced supply and consumers

demand for products. (Example: United States)

Mixed- a combination of market and some command economic principals.

Traditional – where economic decisions are influenced by tradition and culture. (Example: Asian countries/China, and rice production)

Command- economic system in which the government controls how much or little of a product is made or sold. (Examples: communist

countries- North Korea)

Economic Terms•Economy

•Supply and demand•Competition

•Scarcity•Market price

Age of ExplorationAge in which exploration

occurred. Spain and Portugal were very involved seeking riches and discovery of new

lands. During this period new discoveries were made

also it was a period of diffusion or spread of technology, disease, innovation, cultural discovery, invention.

Different types of power •Solar•Wind

•Nuclear•Hydro-electric•Geothermal

Sometimes referred to as alternative power

sources.

The Great ConvergenceOccurs to America from

across the world. Groups from the 1600’s to today

include:•England•Germany•Scotland•Ireland•Mexico•China•Spain

Social Interaction The way people in a

group or civilization….•Communicate

•Participate in clubs•Athletic events

•Recreation (picnics/socials)

Social Institutions Established in societies:

•Family•Government

•Economy•Religion

•Education

Regions of Kentucky

Examples of Kentucky Culture

•Horse racing•Kentucky Fried Chicken

•Bluegrass music.•Tobacco.

Origins of the Word Kentucky

Derived from the Native Americans who lived in the lands before it

became the state of Kentucky.