4 th grade life science food chains and ecosystems
TRANSCRIPT
4th Grade Life Science
Food Chains and Ecosystems
Food Chains
All ecosystems contain food chains. Each food chain contains both
predators and prey.
A food chain shows the order in which animals eat plants and other
animals.
Each part of a food chain is a link connected to other links.
Food chains show what eats what in order to gain the energy it needs to live.
Food chains use arrows to show what eats what.
Eaten by: Eaten by:
Plants Plants are at the beginning of virtually
EVERY food chain They are PRODUCERS and use
sunlight to make sugar in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS
These sugars are stored in their leaves, stems, fruits, and roots
Review Question #1Which organism in this food chain is the
producer?A The bunny
B The owl
C The flowers
D The sun
Answer Question #1
C The flowers are a producer because they can make their own food using sunlight. Remember, mushrooms are decomposers. They break down the tissues of dead plants and animals.
Animals are consumers.
Some consume plants to get the energy they need to live.
Others consume other animals.
Herbivores Herbivores are animals that only eat plants. Herbivores are found at the beginning of the food
chain because they eat the producers (plants)
Review Question #2Which organism in this food chain is the
herbivore?A The bunny
B The owl
C The flowers
D The sun
Answer Question #2
A The bunny is an herbivore. It is the only organism in the food chain that is a plant eater.
Carnivores Carnivores are
animals that eat meat.
Carnivores will also eat animals that eat plants.
They never eat producers and are usually at the top of food chains.
Omnivores Omnivores will
eat both plants and animals.
Some animals eat both plants and meat.
Most people are omnivores
Food Webs Food webs show how the many
different food chains in an ecosystem are connected.
Food Web Most organisms eat more the JUST one
organism Food webs are more complex than food
chains and involve lots of organisms
Review Question #3The diagram below shows a food web. Which
animal is an omnivore?
owl red fox black bear rabbit deer berries
A owl
B rabbit
C deer
D black bear
Answer Question #3
D The black bear is an omnivore because it eats both berries (plant) and rabbits (meat). The red fox is also an omnivore. The rabbit and deer are herbivores and the owl is a carnivore.
Competition Animals may compete with others in
an ecosystem for the same resources. For example, off the coast of
Washington, sea lions and fishermen both want to catch salmon. This leads to competition between the two groups.
Review Question #4The diagram below shows a food chain
Which of following animals might compete with the bird in this food chain?
A deer C lizard
B grasshopper D lion
Answer Question #4C The lizard would compete with the
bird because they both eat the same food: insects.
Decomposers
Decomposers break down dead and decaying matter, including poop, and return the nutrients to the soil
Bacteria
Mushrooms
Certain Insects
Are ALL examples of DECOMPOSERS
Review Question #5
Which of the following organisms is a decomposer?
A Turtle
B Millipede
C Flower
D Spider
Answer Question #5
B A millipede is an example of a decomposer. Flowers are producers and turtles eat living things like plants and insects. Spiders are carnivores. They eat bugs.
All ecosystems have the same parts: They can be
characterized by their Living Factors Nonliving Factors
Nonliving FactorsThe nonliving parts of an ecosystem
include:
Water Soil
Minerals
Sunlight
Air
Living FactorsThe living parts of an ecosystem.
They include the producers like plants and consumers like herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers.
Review Question #6
Which of the following choices contains two nonliving factors in an ecosystem?
A air and plants
B animals and water
C plants and animals
D air and water
Answer Question #6
D Nonliving factors are things in an ecosystem that are NOT living, like air and water.
AdaptationAnimals and plants have special
features that allow them to survive well in particular environments.
For example, the thick fur of the polar bear allows it to survive in the Arctic.
An iguana, with no fur, would not survive the harsh Arctic climate.
Food webs and ecosystems can be affected by changes in animal
populations.
If a disease killed all the birds in this ecosystem, then the population of horseshoe crabs would increase because there are no birds to eat them, and the population of razor clams would decrease because all the horseshoe crabs would be eating them.
Review Question #7
What would happen right away to the rat population if all the coyotes were shot by hunters?
A their population would increaseB their population would decreaseC there would be no change in their
populationD they would all get sick
Answer Question #7
A If all the coyotes were gone, the rats would have no predators and their population would increase.
Plants and animals depend on each other
Plants need animals, like birds and insects for
pollination.
Plants and animals depend on each other
Plants also need animals to disperse their seeds. Animals can eat the seeds and pass them out later in their waste, or seeds might stick to an animal’s body
Plants and animals depend on each other
Animals depend on plants for food and for shelter
© Alex Wild 2008
Review Question #8Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms. Why do the flowers have
such a sweet smell?
A to create nice-smelling flower arrangements
B to attract bees for pollination
C to scare away predators
D to protect the tree from disease
Answer Question #8B Plants depend on animals for pollination.
Bees are great pollinators. The sweet smell of the flowers and fruits attracts the bees to the tree.
Microorganisms
Microorganisms are organisms that you need a microscope to see.
They can HELP you and HURT youHelpful: Harmful:1. Bacteria in yogurt 1. Viruses cause
illnesses2. Fungi to make antibiotics 2. Bacteria can spoil
food3. Bacteria that decompose 3. Mold can grow on dead matter food, like bread,
and ruin it
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