optimizing bioenergy supply chains: the bewhere model · optimizing bioenergy supply chains: the...

Optimizing bioenergy

supply chains:

the BeWhere model

P.Patrizio, S.Leduc, S.Mesfun, P.Yowargana, F.Kraxner

Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM)

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Outline

• Background

• Model description

• Input data

• Example of case studies

• Online application

• Capacity building

2

Background

• Bioenergy is promoted as a key to reach the 2020

renewable targets

• Biofuels currently constitute the major option regarding

renewable energy in transport.

• Increased use of biofuels is not without complications:

uncertainties regarding CO2 mitigation potential and

issues related to ecosystem conservations

3

4

Background: Economy of Scale

Reference

systemDemandNew bioenergy

plants

Existing

industries

Biomass

Heat

& power

Transport fuel

Fossil fuel

Forest

industries

Biomass

import

Sawmill

residuals

Domestic

biomass

General BeWhere structure

Biofuel

Import

CHP

Optional flows

Existing flows

5

Environmental constraint

BeWhere Model

• Techno-economical model, geographic explicit

• Spatially explicit - 0.2 ˚ to 0.5˚grid cell

• Mixed integer linear program (GAMS)

• Static - yearly basis, with fluctuation of heat demand over the year

• Minimize the total cost of the whole supply chain for

the region’s welfare

min [ Cost + Emissions * (Carbon Tax) ]

• Does not maximize the profit of a plant6

BeWhere answers…

Size and locations

Technology mix

Biomass flow

Biofuel trade

Total costs and emissions

7

Economic incentives

Carbon penalty

RES potential

Economic potential

Policy tool

Input Data

Feedstock

Distribution

Production sites

Distribution

Demand

Availability

Location

Cultivating

costRoad network

Train network

Transport cost

Fossil fuel price

Emission factors

Technical param.

Setup costs

O&M costsRoad network

Train network

Energy-

infrastructure

Transport cost

Existing plantProtected areas

Heat

Transport

Electricity

8

GIS data: feedstock availability

9Karthikeyan et al. (2014)

GIS data: transport network

10Karthikeyan et al. (2014)

Techno-economic data

11

BeWhere Applications

12


13


14


15

16

Forest resources

Crop residuals

Algae

MSW

Solar

Wind

Hydro

Biofuel

Heat

Power

Power to liquid/gas

Biogas

Fertilizers

Biochar

Co-firing

Ecosystem services

BECCSGeothermal

The BeWhere Umbrella

Electrobus

Results

17

Sweden: Biofuel production target 2 TWh/y 4 TWh/y 6 TWh/y

18Wetterlund et al. (2013)

Sweden: Ethanol Production Cost (€/GJ)

19Leduc (2009)

EU: Optimal methanol production

20Wetterlund et al. (2012)

Latest BeWhere Version

• Alpine regions:

- optimal localization of bioenergy production plants, solar PV plants, wind parks,

and hydropower stations

- Eco- system services protection

• EuropePlus (28 + Balkans regions)

- 18 technologies for heat/power and biofuel production

- 15 type of agricultural feedstock

• BECCS in INDONESIA

• Electro-bus in Stockholm:

- optimal distribution of charging infrastructure for electric bus

- exploring synergies with biofuels currently in use and different bus charging

technologies.

21

Alpine case study

22

National Park

Legend

National Park

DESIGN_ENG

National Park

National Park - Buffer zone/Area of adhesion

National Park - Core Area

National Park - Integrale Reserve

Swiss National Park

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend

National Park

DESIGN_ENG

National Park




Swiss National Park

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend

National Park

DESIGN_ENG

National Park




Swiss National Park

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

23Serrano León et al. (2015)

Nature Reserve

Legend

Nature Reserve

DESIGN_ENG

National Nature Reserve

State Nature Reserve

Nature Reserve

Natural reserve

Regional/Provincial Nature Reserve

Regional Nature Reserve

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend

Nature Reserve

DESIGN_ENG

National Nature Reserve

State Nature Reserve

Nature Reserve

Natural reserve

Regional/Provincial Nature Reserve

Regional Nature Reserve

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend

National Park

DESIGN_ENG

National Park




Swiss National Park

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia


Natural Park

Legend

Natural Park

DESIGN_ENG

Nature Park

Regional Nature Park

Regional/Provincial Nature Park

Regional Park

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend

Natural Park

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia


Particular Protection

Legend


DESIGN_ENG

Biosphere Park

Biosphere reserves

Biotope Protection Order

Dry Grasslands

Ecological Important Area

Emerald Sites

Federal Hunting Reserves

Federal Inventory of Alluvial Zones of National I*

Federal Inventory of Amphibian Spawning Areas of *

Federal Inventory of Dry Grasslands and Pastures *

Federal Inventory of Fenlands of National Importa*

Federal Inventory of Raised and Transitional Mire*

Federal Inventory of Reserves for Waterbirds and *

Fenlands of National Importance

Flora Protection Area

Forest Biological Reserve

Forest Reserve

Horticultural Monument

Land acquired by Conservatoire du Littoral (natio*

Land acquired by a regional conservatory of natur*

Landscape Park

Landscape Protection Area

Landscapes and Natural Monuments of National Impo*

Mire Landscapes of National Importance

National Hunting and Wildlife Reserve

Natural Monument

Natural Monument or Site

Other Protected Natural Regional Areas

Particular protection

Protected Area

Protected Forest

Protected Habitat

Protected Landscape Section

Protected Natural Objects of local importance

Raised and Transitional Bogs of National Importan*

Rest Area

Sites for compensation of losses during use of us*

Specialy Protected Area

regional protected areas

special conservation areas

townscape protected area

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia



Legend


DESIGN_ENG

Biosphere Park

Biosphere reserves


Dry Grasslands


Emerald Sites











Forest Reserve




Landscape Park





Natural Monument




Protected Area

Protected Forest

Protected Habitat




Rest Area






Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend


DESIGN_ENG

Biosphere Park

Biosphere reserves


Dry Grasslands


Emerald Sites











Forest Reserve




Landscape Park





Natural Monument




Protected Area

Protected Forest

Protected Habitat




Rest Area






Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia


Natura 2000

Legend

Natura 2000

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Natura 2000


UNESCO Protection

Legend

UNESCO WH + BR

iucn_prote

UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

UNESCO World Heritage

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

UNESCO Protection


IUCN CategoriesInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Legend

National Protection Designation

IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Ia – Strict Nature Reserve

Ib – Wilderness Area

II – National Park

III – Natural Monument or Feature

IV – Habitat/Species Management Area

V – Protected LandscapeVI – Protected Area with Sustainable

Use of Natural Resources

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27


31

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27








Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend

UNESCO WH + BR

iucn_prote



Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend

Natura 2000

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

IUCN CategoriesInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Sources: combined from EEA - European Environment Agency, WDPA - World

Database on Protected Areas, and ALPARC.

32

Harmonized Protected Areas

Scenario 1 –

General protection

level

Legend

Prot_scenarios_class

Sc1_medium

0

30

50

100

Production restrictions

High protection

Medium protection

Low protection

Serrano León et al. (2015)

IUCN Categories

33

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27








Legend


IUCN Categories

Ia

Ib

II

III

IV

VI

V

UA

NA

Alps Convention

EU27

Legend

UNESCO WH + BR

iucn_prote



Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

Legend

Natura 2000

Alps Convention

EU27

Croatia

JECAMI

http://www.jecami.eu

34

http://www.jecami.eu

35

Fossil fuel factor vs Carbon cost

BECCS in Indonesia

36

Biomass and managed forest

• Produced from G4M

• Harvest potential per year

• 10% used for biofuel production

Feedstock Assumptions

– Only forest biomass used

– Competition with pulp & paper mills

– Wood demand for pulp = 40 Mm3/a to be met first

– Max allowed fraction of increment to be used 20% or 50%

– Natural parks and protected areas are excluded.

PJ Mm3

Managed 8,537 923

Unmanaged 4,594 497

Total Forest Biomass in Indonesia

Pulp & Paper Mills

CHP - only

managed

20% increment

# plants with

suitable storage

access

Captured CO2 at

80% capture

efficiency

Carbon benefit @

5 US$/ton

1,185 MW 2.5 Mt CO2/yr 12.5 mill. US$

Only a small fraction of Indonesia‘s emission reduction target, but much bigger if

allowing for bundling, taking into account other feedstocks (only managed forest

used now) and adding other technologies (relatively low cooling demand now).

Electro-bus in Stockholm

41

Bus electrification: a challenge

d1 d2

S1 S2 S3

42

11,436 stations

43

526 lines

Electro-bus

ElectricConductive

Inductive

Biodiesel

Bus station…as biomass terminals?

d1 d2

S1 S2 S3

44

Ter1

Ter2

Plant

45

S2

S1

S3

S4

S5

Bus station…as biomass terminals?

BeWhere and YSSP

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2014

2015 2015 2015 462016 2016 2016

BeWhere ThesisLeduc, S. (2009)

Development of an optimization model for the

location of biofuel production plants.

Schmidt, J. (2009)

Cost-effective CO2 emission reduction and

fossil fuel substitution through bioenergy

production in Austria: a spatially explicit

modeling approach.

Wetterlund, E. (2012)System studies of forest-based biomass

gasification.

Khatiwada, D. (2013)Assessing the sustainability of bioethanol

production in different development contexts –

a systems approach.

Slegers, PM (2014) Scenario studies for algae production.

Campana, PE (2015) PV water pumping systems for agricultural

applications.

Patrizio, P (2016) Prospects for agricultural biogas as a vehicle fuel

in Northern Italy

Mesfun, S (2016)Process integration to increase woody biomass

utilization for energy purposes

Karthikeyan, K (2016) Potential of forest based bioenergy in Finland.

47

2016

www.iiasa.ac.at/bewhere

48

Thank you!

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