3fl10472acaawbzza2

8/3/2019 3FL10472ACAAWBZZA2

1/121

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

Introduction to GPRS/EGPRS

TRAINING MANUAL3FL10472CAAAWBZZA ed 2

March 2006


2/121

2Introduction to GPRS/EGPRS


Nt of the page

To see the content of the page

Use the comment view

1


3/121





2


4/121





3


5/121





4


6/121All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

1 What is GPRS ?


7/121



1 What is GPRS ?Session presentation

> Objective: to be able to identify the technical

and commercial benefit of GPRS.> Program:

1.1 Definition

1.2 General architecture

1.3 MS Class 1.4 MS Multislot Class

1.5 GPRS Main Concepts

1.6 GPRS Benefits

1.7 EGPRS

1.8 Quality of Service profile

1.9 Services


8/121



1 What is GPRS ?1.1 Definition

> Definition (3GPP TS 22.060)

GPRS provides data transfer capabilities between a sendingentity and one or more receiving entities.

These entities may be an MS or a Terminal Equipment, thelatter being attached either to a GPRS network or to anexternal data network.

The base station provides radio channel access for MSs to theGPRS network.


9/121



1 What is GPRS ?1.2 General architecture

GPRSCore Network

IPGb

NSSA PSTN

Gi

PDNIP / PPP

RADIOACCESSNETWORK

BSS

Packetswitching

circuitswitching


10/121



1 What is GPRS ?1.3 MS Class

> Class A Operates GPRS and other GSM services simultaneously.

> Class B

Monitors control channels for GSM GPRS and other GSM

services simultaneously,

but can only operate one set of services at one time.

> Class C

Exclusively operates GPRS services.


11/121


12/121



PDN

PS

GSMnetwork

CS

1 What is GPRS ?1.5 GPRS Main Concepts (1/5)

> Use of radio resources in case of circuit switching

Fixed Rate

Radio timeslot

Radio interface

Access nodeCS PS


13/121



GPRS

network

PS

PDN

PS


> Use of radio resources in case of packet switching

Radio timeslot

Radio interface

Variable Rate


14/121




>Radio resource assigned according to requirement Radio resource shared between users

Various radio channel coding schemes are specified to allowbit rates from 9 to more than 150 kb/s per user (accordingalso to the quality of radio transmission and the modulationused)

High bit rates if several channels are assigned to one MS

Low bit rates if one channel is shared by several MSs.

> Optimized use of the radio resource

Use of the radio resources only when data is transferred

Uplink and downlink resources reserved separately


15/121




> Dynamic allocation and sharing of radio resources

User 1

User 2

User 3User 4

User 5

1 RESOURCE SHARED BY X USERS (PDCH)

User 1

USER1 USES 3 RESOURCES (3 PDCH)

1 RESOURCE USED BY ONE USER NOT SHARED TCH

User 1

Number of resources according to the capability of the MS


16/121



> Variable useful transmission rate per Radio resource

Maximum security

Channel Transmission rateabout 22 k with GMSKabout 60k with 8PSK (Edge)

minimum throughput

Minimum security

Maximum throughput

When the radio transmission has a good quality the security can be reduced inorder to increase the useful transmission rate



17/121



1 What is GPRS ?1.6 The benefits of GPRS

> GPRS benefits

BSS hardware (included OMC-R) is re-used from GSM

Smooth GPRS introduction

Higher data throughput thanks to EGPRS (EDGE)

Data transfers can billed by volume instead of time

An MS can exchange data by GPRS in parallel with aconventional GSM call (if MS Class A)


18/121



1 What is GPRS ?1.7 EGPRS

> EGPRS is an enhancement of GPRS

allows higher bit rates on the radio interface

achieved by using

a new modulation (8-PSK)

and new coding schemes (MCS-1 to MCS-9) in the MS and theBSS.

>The same set of services provided by GPRS is available inEGPRS.


19/121



Precedence Classrelative importance of service under congestion3 classes

Delay Classtotal delay measured between R or S point and Gi4 classes

Reliability Classacknowledgement of packets5 classes

Peak throughput Class

Mean throughput Class

the maximum data rate allowed to the user

maximum data rate during a period

Throughput class

19 classes

9 classes

1 What is GPRS ?1.8 Quality of service profile


20/121



1 What is GPRS ?1.9 Services

Always-on

Mobile OfficeVoice (!)E-mailAgenda IntraNet/InterNetCorporate ApplicationsDatabase Access

Verticalapplication

TrafficManagement

Automation

Mobile branchesHealth

Locationservices

Traffic Conditions ItinerariesNearest Restaurant,

Cinema, Chemist,Parking;, ATM ...

FunGames (Hangman, Poker, )Screen SaverRing ToneHoroscopeBiorhythm

Media

Transportation

Flight/trainSchedulereservation

MusicDownloading of

music files orvideo clips

News(general/specific)International/National NewsLocal NewsSport NewsWeatherLottery ResultsFinance News

DirectoriesYellow/White Pages International DirectoriesOperator Services

M-commerce

Physicalon-line shoppingon-line food

Nonphysical

on-line BankingTicketingAuctionGambling.


21/121



True or False ?

GPRS is a circuit switching technology The GSS is an IP network Data transfers are often conducted at variable bit rates With a class B mobile, a web page can be downloaded while speaking Billing by volume allows subscribers to be permanently on line

Several channels can be assigned to a MS One channel is shared by several MSs EGPRS is GPRS with better Throughput The useful transmission rate depends on the radio quality

Time allowed :

5 minutes

1 What is GPRS ?Exercise


22/121



Thank you for answering

the self-assessmentof the objectives sheet

1 What is GPRS ?Evaluation

> Objective : to be able to identify the

technical and commercial benefit ofGPRS


23/121


2 GPRS Operation


24/121



2 GPRS OperationSession presentation

> Objective: to be able to describe the organization of a

GPRS network architecture, interfaces and protocols.> Program:

2.1 Main Entities

2.2 MS Mobility Management States

2.3 MS Radio Resource Operating Modes 2.4 Basic Procedures

2.5 Charging

2.6 Security


25/121



2 GPRS Operation2.1 Main Entities

> Overview

CELLS

BTS BSC

BSS RADIO ACCESS NSS CALL PROCESSING

circuits

To PSTN

GPRS

N7

AUC EIR

HLR

IP

SGSN

SGSN

NTP DNS

DHCP

To IP NetworkGGSN

BG To other operatorIP Networks

PCU included

in BSS

MSC

VLR

2 G S O i


26/121



GSS


> SGSN and GGSN

IPbackbone

GGSN1

IPnetwork 1

IPnetwork 1

GGSN2

IPnetwork 1

GGSN3

IPnetwork 1

IPnetwork 1

SGSN1

SGSN2

SGSN5

SGSN3

SGSN4

2 GPRS O ti


27/121




> Servers

GPRS

BACKBONE

SGSN GGSN

NTP

DNS DHCP

IP add256.167.123.34

Alcatel.fr

2 GPRS O ti


28/121



MS

SGSNBSS VPLMN

BG

VISITED PLMN

GGSN


> Border gateway

INTER PLMN

NETWORK

HPLMN GGSN PDN

BGHOME PLMN

2 GPRS O ti


29/121



A


Gn

Signaling + data

Signaling

MobileGPRS

Gd

Um

GPRS network

Gb

BSS

Gc

GsGr

GiPDN

SGSN

SGSN GGSN

HLRMSC SMS-GMSC

> Interfaces

2 GPRS Operation


30/121



2 GPRS Operation2.2 MS Mobility Management States

Idle

Ready

Stand-by

> MS MM states

GPRS Detach

PDU transmission

READYtimer expiry

GPRS Attach

Location atCELL level Location at

RA level

Autonomous cell reselection NCOOr controled by network NC 2( In paquet transfert mode )

Autonomous cell reselection

2 GPRS Operation


31/121



2 GPRS Operation2.3 MS Radio Resource Operating Modes

Packet

transfer mode

Packet

idle mode

Packet

idle mode

Ready Standby

RR

MM

> Packet transfer mode

In packet transfer mode, the mobile station is allocated radio resource providing aTemporary Block Flow (TBF) on one or more physical channels. Continuous

transfer of one or more LLC PDUs is possible. Concurrent TBFs may be establishedin opposite directions. Transfer of LLC PDUs in RLC acknowledged or RLCunacknowledged mode is provided.

> Packet idle mode

In packet idle mode no Temporary Block Flow. Upper layers can require thetransfer of a LLC PDU which, implicitly, may trigger the establishment of TBF andtransition to packet transfer mode.

> MS RR operating modes vs MS MM states

2 GPRS Operation


32/121



Routers

IP network

2 GPRS Operation2.4 Basic Procedures

ipip ipip ip

http httpftp ftpsmtp smtp

1tcp1tcp

wap wap

gtp

SGSN

GGSN

> IP overview

2 GPRS Operation


33/121



nK bytes MESSAGE

4K bytes PACKET 4K bytes PACKETTCP

TCPIP IP IP

TCPIP Z Ethernet 1.5k frames

Y Datagrams IP

TCP

x 4k TCP packets

L4

L 3

L2


2 GPRS Operation


34/121



DATASHEADER

456

HEADER

57 X 8456

DATASHEADERIP / X25

HEADER DATASSNDCP

SNDCP

DATASHEADER

LLC

RLC/

PCU

AIR INTERFACE

57 57

Max1600Bytes SGSN to MSCRC

TRE / CCU


2 GPRS Operation


35/121




>Transmission plane

TCP HTTP FTP SMTP

Physicallayer

Physicallayer

Physicallayer

Physicallayer

Physicallayer

Physicallayer

Physicallayer

L2

IP

UDP

GTP

IP

L2

MAC

L2

IP

UDPLLC

GTP

BSSGP

(FrameRelay)

(FrameRelay)

LLC

Um Gb Gn Gi

MSBSS

(with PCU) SGSN GGSN

Application

RLC

MAC

RLC

MAC

IPIP

relay

relay

BSSGP

SNDCPSNDCP

2 GPRS Operation


36/121




NSAPI

NSAPITLLITLLI

Radio layers

LLC

GMM/SM SMS

SNDCP

IP

NSAPIi

> MS high protocol layers

2 GPRS Operation


37/121




NMC-NSS

HPLMN

HLRMS

APN accessible through FPLMN-GGSN ?

etc ...

& MSISDNIMSI

network access mode :

For each MS

GPRS | NSS | both subscribed PDP contexts (maximum of n):

PDP type :

[PDP address (IP@) ]

Access point name (APN) or * (= wild card)

QoS profile

IP | PPP

ntimes

> HLR GPRS data

2 GPRS Operation


38/121




> GPRS attachment

BSS

Authent_

info_req()

Authent_info_

respq)

|

Update_loc_req()

}

Insert_subs_data()

Update_loc_ack()

~

PLMN

Attach-Request(IMSI)

Attach_resp (P_TMSI)

Attach_complete ()

MS_authentication_procedure GPRS IPbackbone

GGSN

SGSN

N7

HLR

2 GPRS Operation


39/121



GPRS - CN


LLC layer

TLLI1

GPRS IPbackbone

> GPRS attachment

After a GPRS_Attach procedure The mobile is connected to the serving SGSN

SGSN

1

SGSN

2

GGSN1

GGSN2 PDN 2

PDN 1

2 GPRS Operation


40/121




> PDP context activation

GPRS Core Network

GPRSbackbone

PDN1

SGSN

DNS

GGSN

GGSN PDN2

DHCP

BSS

PLMN

TLLI1

4

2

3Create_PDP_req (PDN2)

5 Create_PDP_resp (@IP_MS)

Activate_PDP_req (PDN2)

Activate_PDP_resp(@IP_MS)

2 GPRS Operation


41/121



p2.4 Basic Procedures


BSS

PLMN

TLLI1

GPRS Core Network

GPRSbackbon

e

SGSN

DNS

GGSN

GGSN

2

3Create_PDP_req (PDN2)

6 Create_PDP_resp (@IP_MS)

Activate_PDP_req (PDN2)

Activate_PDP_resp(@IP_MS)ISP

INTRANET

DHCP

RADIUS

5

Authentication andaccounting

Address allocation

4

2 GPRS Operation


42/121





LLC layer

GPRS - CN

TLLI1

GPRS IPbackbone

SGSN

1

SGSN

2

GGSN1

GGSN2 PDN 2

PDN 1TID 1 = IMSI + NSAPI 1

TID2=IMSI+NSAPI2

by the GTP layer

after PDP_context_activation procedures

2 GPRS Operation


43/121





LLC layer

GPRS - CN

TLLI1

GPRS IPbackbone

SGSN

1

SGSN

2

GGSN1

GGSN2 PDN 2

PDN 1TID 1 = IMSI + NSAPI 1

TID2=IMSI+NSAPI2

by the GTP layer

after PDP_context_activation procedures

ul/dl data_transfers

2 GPRS Operation


44/121



SGSN GGSN

within the MS

MS

over the Gn interface

over the Gi

interface

@ MS@server

U-data

@sgsn@ggsn

GTPheader

UDPheader

@ MS@server

U-data

@ MS@server

U-data

@server@ MS U-data

server

PDN

@ggsn@sgsn

GTPheader

UDPheader

@server@ MS

U-data

@server@ MS U-data

2.4 Basic Procedures

> User data transfer

2 GPRS Operation


45/121



2.5 Charging

> Charging process

MS

PDNGPRSBACKBONE

GGSNSGSNBSSTLLI

CCBS

CG

Attachment

M_CDR

PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION AND DATA TRANSFERT

S_CDRG_CDR

FTP

GTP

2 GPRS Operationh i


46/121



2.5 Charging

> Charging process

INTER PLMN NETWORK

HPLMN GGSN PDN

BGCCBS

CG

S_CDRHOME PLMN

MS

SGSN

BSS

TLLI VPLMN

BG

CG CCBS

VISITED PLMN

G_CDR

2 GPRS Operation2 6 S i


47/121



Public Internet

2.6 Security

1- Secured network access Authentication of MSs and confidentiality of

their identity Possibility of encrypting user data Possibility of verifying IMEI with an EIR (Gf)

2- Secured backbone IP network

Firewall = application-level filtering

Filtering by access lists (in the GGSNs)

GPRS Network

3- Secured intranet accessAPN with mandatory subscriptionAPN with access listsAPN with tunneling on Gi (IPsec)

2 GPRS OperationE i (1/3)


48/121



Time allowed :

5 minutes

Exercise (1/3)

True or False?

The GGSN reads the header of user packets arriving from thePDN

The GPRS HLR knows the location of an MS to the nearest RA

With each web page downloaded, a new PDP context must be

activated

A CDR is generated for each packet sent or received

The SGSN can be considered as PMSC and PVLR

A TLLI is a virtual connection between a GPRS attached mobileand the GGSN

2 GPRS OperationE i (2/3)


49/121



Time allowed :

5 minutes

Exercise (2/3)

True or False ?

The Charging gateway provides a single interface towards the billingcenters

No need for paging to send a packet to a mobile in the "Ready" state

Attachment to the network does not involve GGSN

2 GPRS OperationE ercise (3/3)


50/121



Time allowed :

5 minutes

Exercise (3/3)

What interfaces of the GPRS NSS does a packet cross from a PDN to an

MS?

Why , theoretically, is an RA smaller than an LA?

2 GPRS OperationEvaluation


51/121




the self-assessmentof the objectives sheet

Evaluation

> Objective : to be able to describe the

organization of a GPRS network :architecture, interfaces, protocols,


52/121


3 The Base Station Subsystem

3 The Base Station SubsystemSession presentation


53/121



Session presentation

> Objectives :

To be able to briefly describe the datainterchange mechanisms through the BSS

> Program :

3.1 3GPP Position

3.2 Alcatels Choice

3.3 Layered Model

3.4 Gb Interface

3.5 Radio Interface

3 The Base Station Subsystem3 1 3GPP Position


54/121



3.1 3GPP Position> PCU function

BSSBTS

CCU PCU

BSC SGSN

BSSBTS

CCU

BSC SGSN

PCU

BSSBTS BSC SGSN

CCU PCU

3 The Base Station Subsystem3 2 Alcatels Choice


55/121



3.2 Alcatel s Choice> PCU function

BTS

CCU

BSC SGSNMFS

Abis Ater Gb

GSL

LLC Transmission check between SGSN and MS

RLC Transmission check between PCU and MS

GCH transmission check between PCU and TRE

MFS is just the name of therack containing PCU functions

PCU

BSS

3 The Base Station Subsystem3 3 Layered Model


56/121



3.3 Layered Model

BTS MFS SGSNMS

BSS

GP

Gb

Physical

layer

Frame

relay

RLC

MAC

RLC

Physical

layer

Frame

relay

BSSGP

Um Abis/Ater

PCU

IP

LLC

GMMSM

relay

LLC

GMM SNDCPSM

relayPhysical

layer Physicallayer L2-GCHL1-GCHL2-GCH

L1-GCH

MAC

SNDCP

> User plane

3 The Base Station Subsystem3 3 Layered Model


57/121



BSC MFSBTSMS

3.3 Layered Model

Gb

L2-GSL

L1-GSL

BSCGP

BSCGP

L2-GSL

L1-GSL

physicallayer

RRM

AterUm

relay

Abis

relay

physicallayer

RRM

> Signaling plane

3 The Base Station Subsystem3 4 Gb Interface


58/121



NSE2

SGSN

NSE1NSE1

NSE2

F.RF.RNetworkNetwork

PCM

3.4 Gb Interface

PCM

PCM

BVCI=2

BVCI=1

BVCI=3

BVCI=5

BVCI=6

BVCI=4

BSC1

BSC2

GPRS Core Network sideBSS side

BC PCMBCPVC

BC BCPVC

NSVC1

NSVC2

PCM

PCM

PCM

BC PCMBCPVC

BC BCPVC

NSVC3

NSVC4

BVCI=2BVCI=2

BVCI=1BVCI=1

BVCI=3BVCI=3

BVCI=5BVCI=5

BVCI=4BVCI=4

BVCI=6BVCI=6

> Managed entities

3 The Base Station Subsystem3.4 Gb Interface


59/121



3.4 Gb Interface

GPRS Core Network sideBSS side

> Protocols

SGSNPacket Control Unit function(PCU)

BSS GPRS Protocol

(BSSGP)BSS GPRS Protocol

(BSSGP)

Network Service Control

(NSC)Network Service Control

(NSC)

BVCI=2

BVCI=1

BVCI=3

BVCI=5

BVCI=6

BVCI=4

BSC1

BSC2

Sub-Network Service

(SNS)

Physical layer

Sub-Network Service

(SNS)

Physical layer

Frame Relay

BVC

NS-VC

NSE

PVC

PCM PCM

BC

3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio Interface 1/8


60/121



3.5 Radio Interface 1/8

> GPRS / EGPRS throughput

Coding Scheme ModulationMaximum rate

per PDCH (kb/s)

CS2

CS1

GMSK

GMSK

13.4

9.05

CS4

CS3

GMSK

GMSK

21.4

15.6

GPRS

MCS9MCS8

8-PSK8-PSK

59.254.4

MCS7

MCS6

MCS5

MCS4

MCS3

MCS2MCS1

8-PSK

8-PSK

8-PSK

44.8

29.6 / 27.2*

22.4

17.6

14.8 / 13.6*

11.28.8

GMSK

GMSK

GMSKGMSK

* in case of padding

EGPRS



61/121



> Coding schemes

Bad radio conditionMax security

Good radio conditionMin security

Maximum number of bits tohave security

Max number of bits foruser data

POOR USER BIT RATE BETTER USER BIT RATE

CS2CS1 CS3CS4

/



62/121



/

> GMSK / 8-PSK modulations

GMSK

8-PSK

1 0 1 1

001 101 011 001

GMSK270 kb/s

8-PSK810 kb/s

Gross bit rate

per carrier1 bit per

Symbol

3 bitS per

Symbol

8 PSK has 3times more capacity than GMSK

One TS 142 symbols

142 BitsONE TSOne TS 142 symbols

426 BitsONE TS



63/121



>Transmission Rate with 8 PSK modulation

MCS9

59,2k

MCS8

54,4k

CHANNEL

MCS7

44,8k

MCS6

29,6k

MCS5

22,4k

MCS4

17,6k

MCS3

14,8k

MCS2

11,2k

MCS1

8,8k

Maximum number of bits to have security Max number of bits for user data

Bad radio condition Good radio condition



64/121



> Impact of EGPRS (Edge) on terrestrial transmissions in BSS

Extra capacity Extra capacity

Abis Ater GMSk and Not agood transmission

CS1 about 9K

MCS9 ABOUT 59K

8PSK goodtransmission


MFS

PCUBTS

TRXBSCrelay

PDCH

BTS

TRXBSCrelay

MFS

PCU16k resource 16k resourcePDCH





65/121



> Resources allocation according to the MCS

QUALITY OF TRANSMISSION LOT OF BITS LOST

INCREASE SECURITY DECREASE USEFUL TRANSMISSION RATE


MCS n


MFS

PCUBTS

TRXBSCrelay

PDCH


MCS n-1

PDCH



MFS

PCUBTS

TRXBSCrelay


Can be allocated to

another PDCH

Can be allocated to

other PDCH

3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio interface 7/8


66/121



network

MS

start

of TBF1end of

TBF1

TBF2 TBF3 TBF4

timefULi

Packet Channel Request

Packet Resource Assignment(list of PDCHi, token=T,TFIk)

MS starts listening to all DL blocks token value on the allocated PDCHi

SEND on block b+1 (TFIk)

in block btoken =T?

Y

N

T T T T T T DL PDCHi

? TFIk TFIk TFIk TFIk TFIk TFIkUL PDCHi

> UL transfer

PCU

TBF MAC

3 The Base Station Subsystem3.5 Radio interface 8/8


67/121



PS PagingPaging Request ("packet")

Packet Paging Response

Packet Resource Assignment

(list (PDCHj),TFIz)

The MS consumes the content of block b

in block b, TFI=TFIz?

Y

N

PCU SGSN

UL TBF: refer to

previous slide

MS PDU

MS starts listening to all DL blocks TFI value on the allocated PDCHj

Z Z Z Z ZDL PDCHj

> DL transfer

MS IN STANB BYMODE

MS IN READYMODE

3 The Base Station SubsystemExercise (1/2)


68/121



Time allowed :

5 minutes

True or False?

The SGSN is linked to the BSS by an interfacebased on the Frame Relay protocol

For each cell, the number of channels which canbe used for GPRS traffic is operator-configurable

If a user packet is lost at the Gb interface, it canbe recovered using frame relay protocolmechanisms

The LLC protocol is independent of the type of

BSS employed

3 The Base Station SubsystemExercise (2/2)


69/121



Time allowed :

5 minutes

True or False?

In a cell, a TRX can carry eight PDCHs

One PDCH can be allocated in its entirety to a singleuser

If necessary, blocks on different PDCHs can beallocated to a single user

The NSEI is the identifier used by the SGSN to indicatethe destination cell of a LLC frame to the MFS

The same quantity of PVCs is declared on the MFS andSGSN sides

3 The Base Station SubsystemEvaluation


70/121




the self-assessment

of the objectives sheet

> Objective : To be able to brieflydescribe the data interchange

mechanisms through the BSS


71/121


4 Alcatel Solution

4 Alcatel SolutionSession presentation


72/121



> Objectives: to be able to characterize the solutionoffered by Alcatel

> Program:

4.1 GPRS Network Overview

4.2 Alcatel 9135 MFS

4.3 Packet Switched Core Network

4.4 GPRS Network Management 4.5 Alcatel QoS Offer

4 Alcatel Solution4.1 GPRS Network Overview

Radio subsystem


73/121



GPRS Core Network

BSS1

BSC

BTS

BTS

BSS--

BSC

BT

S

BT

S

A9135

MFS

BSS2B

TS

BT

S

BSC

A9135

MFS

GSM/GPRS common servers

HLRSMS-CMSC

GPRS IPbackbone

Radio subsystem

FrameRelay

network

Border

Gateway Inter-PLMNbackbone

Internet

Intranet

SGSN

SGSN

accessrouter

SCP

CAMEL & IP basedPrepaidServices

Firewall

Charging Gateway

OMC-CN

iGGSN

4 Alcatel Solution4.2 Alcatel 9135 MFS

F i l hi


74/121



Telecom Subsystem

Control Subsystem

Gb ifA-ter if

BSC1

BTS

BTS

> Functional architecture

GPU1PCU

GPU2PCU

S

G

S

N

LAN x 2

OMC-R

M

F

S

BSC2

BT

S

BTS

GPU1PCU

GPU1PCU

120 CICs TC SM

4 Alcatel Solution4.2 Alcatel 9135 MFS CONNECTIONS


75/121



PCU

PCU

PCU

PCU

PCU

SGSN

PMSCPVLR

MFS

FRAME

RELAY

120 CICs

120 GICs 16K

TC SM

PVC

BEARER CHANNEL

Muxed ATer

A Interf

Gb

BSC

BSC

BSC

BSC

BSC

MSC

4 Alcatel Solution4.2 Alcatel 9135 MFS

> R k l t


76/121



1 BSXTU11 GPU (+1)

maxi

1 BSXTU11 GPU (+1)

maxi

1 BSXTU11 GPU (+1)

maxi

1 BSXTU11 GPU (+1)

maxi

2 DS 10Control

sub-rack

2 DS 10Control

sub-rack

2 or 4

Switches3 COM 3300

+ IOLAN module

2 or 4

Switches3 COM 3300

+ IOLAN module

> Rack layout

4 Alcatel Solution4.2 Alcatel 9130 MFS (1/3)


77/121



ATCAshelf

ATCAshelf



78/121



ATCAshelf

ATCAshelf

MFS

LIU LIU

MFS

MFS

O

M

C

P

S

S

W

S

S

W

O

M

C

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

G

P

General Option 1 Option 2ATCA shelf content



79/121



GPGPGPGPGP

GP

GPGPGPGP

M

U

X

OMCP

M

U

X16 LIU X 16 E1

LIU

E1 connections

Abis

LI

U

Ater

OMCP

S

S

W

S

S

W

MFS

9 PCU + 1SPARE

4 Alcatel Solution4.3 Packet Switched Core Network

towards Prepaid Servers


80/121



> iGGSN

GPRSsignaling & user

Plane Blades

GPU

Gb

Ethernet LAN (internalcom.) Switching &Routing

O&M,Charging

SS7 Blades

Pilot Blades> SGSN

Vigilon

Senteon

WN

PDN1

PDN2

GPRS IPBackbone

OMC-CNChargingGateway

Intra-PLMNDNS

O&M &serviceprovisioning

sessioncontrol logic

GTP control& userplanes

WN

Gr, Gs,

Gd, Ge

4 Alcatel Solution4.3 Packet Switched Core Network

b kb k


81/121



SGSN rack iGGSN rack

WN1200

Senteon 1&2

GPU boards

Ethernet

switch/routers

Ethernetswitch/routers

pilot blades

SS7 blades

GPRS control

& user planeblades

ATCA platform

Internal control LAN

backbone rack

NS500

NS500

Firewalls

external DNS

NTS150NTS150 NTP Servers

Intra-PLMN

DNS/DHCP

border router

access router

Gn switches

4 Alcatel Solution4.4 GPRS Network Management

> Dedicated OMCs


82/121



NMCQ3

MFS

SGSN

NTPDNS/DHCP BG

BT

S

BTS

BSC1

BTS

BSC2

OMC-

CN

Core Network part

Radio part

OMC-

R

Charging

Gateway

> Dedicated OMCs

iGGSN

4 Alcatel Solution4.5 Alcatel QoS offer

> R97/98 QoS compliance


83/121



ETSI R97/98 QoS attributes Alcatel Offer

Precedence class Mean throughputclassDelay class Resulting QoS class

(4) Best Effort

1, 2 or 3

1, 2 or 3

1, 2 or 3

1, 2 or 3

any

(3) Low priority

Normal, High priority

(2) Normal priority

(1) High priority

any

any

Best Effort

specified, except BE

specified, except BE

Best-Effort

Best-Effort

Best-Effort

Normal

Premium

Reliability class: as required by the MS

> R97/98 QoS compliance

4 Alcatel Solution4.5 Alcatel QoS offer

> R97/98 QoS mapping into R99 QoS


84/121



Traffic handling priorityR99 Traffic class R97/98 Bearer QoS class

Premium

Premium

Premium

Normal

Normal

conversational

streaming

interactive

interactive

interactive

-

-

1

2

3

Best Effortbackground -

> R97/98 QoS mapping into R99 QoS

4 Alcatel SolutionExercise (1/2)

True or False?


85/121



Time allowed :

5 minutes

Implementing GPRS in the BSS simplyentails adding A9135 or A9130 MFSservers

The iGGSN is an Alcatel proprietaryequipment

The SGSN server is an Alcatel proprietaryequipment based on IT devices

The DNS/DHCP servers used in the GPRSCore Network are IT standard servers

4 Alcatel SolutionExercise (2/2)

True or False?


86/121



Time allowed :

5 minutes

GPRS Core Network equipments are managedfrom an OMC- CN

GPRS radio subsystem (BSS) equipments aremanaged from an OMC-R

Alcatel GPRS network handles simultaneously theUMTS QoS classes (R99 QoS parameters) and theGPRS QoS profiles (R97/98 QoS attributes)

4 Alcatel SolutionEvaluation

> Objective : to be able to characterize


87/121




the self-assessment

of the objectives sheet

Objective : to be able to characterizethe solution offered by Alcatel


88/121


5 Annex and Glossary

5 Annex 1Coding Schemes : CS1 -> CS4


89/121



0

5

10

15

20

0 10 20 30

Chan

nelrate(kbps)

C/I (dBm)

CS4

CS3

CS2

CS1

BACK

5 Annex 2GPRS compared to other technologies


90/121



UMTS

2 Mbps384 Kbps

EDGE

GPRS

160 Kbps

64 Kbps

HSCSD

Bit rate

CS data - SMS, 9.6Kbps

9.6 Kbps

Technology


91/121

LLC Ch k th t i i b t SGSN d MS

5 Annex 4PCU concept


92/121



PDCH

PCU

Gb

LLC Checks the transmission between SGSN and MS

RLC checks the trans between PCU and MS

n RLC

blocks

LLC blocks

RLC blocks- token- Data- radio security

TRE /BTS

CCU


93/121

5 Annex 6GPRS channels

> Master and Slave PDCHsPDCH MASTER PDCH


94/121



B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

PDCHDOWN/UPLINK

All blocs can

be used as- PDTCH- PACCH

B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

MASTER PDCHDOWN /UPLINK

B0

B1

B2

All blocs canbe used as

- PRACH- PDTCH- PACCH

Blocs which

can be usedas- PBCCH

Blocs whichcan be usedas

- PAGCH- PDTCH- PACCH

Blocs whichcan be usedas- PPCH

- PAGCH- PDTCH- PACCH

TFI 1

5 Annex 7PDCH ,TBF, MAC concepts


95/121



B1

u3

B2

B1

un

B5

u3

B2

u3

B3

u3

B4

u3

B6

u3

B7

u3

B8

u3

B9

u6

B10

u6

B11

u2

B12

u2

B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B1

TBF from server 1

TBF from server 2

TBF from server 3

TBF from server 4

TFI 1

TFI 5

TFI 3

TFI 6

TBF server 5

TBF to server 7

TBF to server 6TFI 2 USER 3TFI 7 USER 6

TFI 6 USER 2

UP

DOWN

> PCM E1 and Bearer Channel uses and concepts

5 Annex 8Different uses for E1


96/121



TS 1 16K X 4

TS 3 64K 64K X 1

TS 2 32K X 2

TS 4

TS 5

128K 64K X 2

TS 3

TS 28

TS 31

TS 29 192K 64K X 3

2

M

B

E

1

TS 1TS 2TS 3TS 4

TS 15

TS 17

TS 31

TS 18TS 19TS 20

BEARER CHANNEL =960K

BEARER CHANNEL=960K

2

M

B

E

1

TS 1 64K

TS 2 64K

TS 3 64K

TS 4 64K

TS 5 64K

TS 3 64K

TS 28 64K

TS 31 64K

TS 29 64K

2

M

B

E

1

5 Annex 9FRAME RELAY and PVC concepts


97/121



Node

15

6

9

27

PVC y

PVCn

12

5

16

DLCI Number

FRAME RELAY

PCUMFS

SGSN

5 Annex 10PVC and NSVC concepts


98/121



Permanent VirtualConnection

FRAME

RELAY

NSVC Transmission check end to end

SGSNPCU

MFS

PCM E1

BEARER

CHANNEL

PCM 1

5 Annex 11TDMA and PDCH


99/121



P

C

U

BC 1

BC 2

BC1

PCM 1

NSE NSEIx

PVC / NSVC

PVC / NSVC

PVC / NSVC

There is One PVC/NSVC per Bearer Channel

There is one NSE for all the PVC of one PCUPCM 2

BC 3

5 Annex 12Network Mode of Operation I with Master Channel

CCCH


100/121



BSC

CCCH

PCCCH

PACCH

Um

MSCVLR

SGSN

A

Gb

Gs

CS paging for GPRS-attached MS in idle state (a), or in data transfer state (b)

CS paging for non GPRS-attached MS GPRS paging

(a)

(b)

5 Annex 13MOBILE ONE PHASE ACCESS ON PCCH (Master PDCH)

NETWORK


101/121



Packet channel request PRACH

Packet UL assignment + polling

indication PAGCH

Usf Scheduling

Packet Control ACK PACCH

RLC data bloc PDTCH

TFIPDCHUSFTA

Packet UL ACK NACK PACCH

5 Annex 14MOBILE ONE PHASE ACCESS ON CCCH (no master PDCH)

NETWORK


102/121



Usf Scheduling

RLC data bloc PDTCH

Packet UL ACK NACK PACCH

Channel request RACH

Immediate assignment AGCH

Packet uplink assignment + polling

indication PACCH

TFI PDCH USF TA

TFI PDCH USF

Packet control ACK PACCH

5 Annex 15MOBILE ORIGINATING DATA TRANSFERT

BSS SGSN


103/121



STAND BY

READY

PACKET DOWNLINK ASSIGNEMENT

UL UNIDATA

RLC PDU

Paquet channel request

Paquet UL assignement

UL TBF

Establishment

RLC PDU

RLC PDU

PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK

RLC PDU

RLC PDU

RLC PDU

UL UNIDATA

UL TBFRelease

5 Annex 16MOBILE TERMINATING DATA TRANSFERT

BSS SGSN


104/121



STAND BY

READY

LLC PDU

DL UNIDATA

UL UNIDATA

PACKET DOWNLINK ASSIGNEMENT

PAGING PSPacket Paging Request

channel request

Paquet UL assignement

UL TBF

DL TBF

5 Annex 17GMM - Combined GPRS and NSS attach with Gs (1)

HLR

SGSN


105/121



Attach_request (IMSI) Triplet request ( rand kc sres )

AuthenticationUpdate_location

IMSI current SGSNInsert_subscriber_data

Update_location_ack

IMSITLLI+ current RA + subscription dataAttach_accept (TLLI)

MS TLLI

TLLI Established

5 Annex 18GMM - Combined GPRS and NSS attach with Gs (2)

HLRSGSN MSC/VLR


106/121



Location_Update_req (IMSI, LAI)

Insert_subscriber_data

Update_location_ack

Location_Update_accept

Update_ location (IMSI, @VLR)

IMSI current VLR

5 Annex 19GMM - RA update Inter-SGSN (1)

newSGSN

oldSGSN

GGSN


107/121



Routing_Area_update_req (RA1)

SGSN_context_req (RA1, TLLI, @SGSN2)

SGSN_context_resp(MM_ctxt, PDP_ctxt)

Update_PDP_context_req(TID, @SGSN2

)

Update_PDP _context_resp

transfer of stored packets

SGSN_context_ack

SGSN SGSN

5 Annex 20GMM - RA update Inter-SGSN (2)

newSGSN

oldSGSN

HLR


108/121



cancel_location (IMSI)

cancel_location_ack

Update_location (IMSI, @SGSN2)

Update_location_ack

insert_subscriber_data (+ack)

Routing_Area_update_accept (TLLI)

Routing_Area_update_complete

SGSN SGSN HLR

5 Annex 21SMS-MT on GPRS -Gd interface-

SGSN HLR

SMSGMSC

SMSSC


109/121



SM transfer

SRI_for_SM ([GPRS supported])

forward_SM (SM)

SM transfer

report

SRI_for_SM_res (MSC@ and/or SGSN@)

forward_SM_res

report

5 Annex 22"Mobile User Activity" Procedure

SGSN HLR

SMSGMSC


110/121



GPRS_Attach_request

Ready_for_SM (IMSI)If MNRG=1MNRG 0

Alert_Service_Center

Alert_Service_Center_ack

5 Annex 23SM - PDP context activation review

NSAPI1 + PDP context1IMSI TLLI

- @ MS + IP/X25

- APN


111/121



NSAPI2

+ PDP context2

IMSI TLLI - APN- QoS

(NSAPI1 + PDP context1 + @ of GGSN1)IMSI TLLI + current RA+ subscription data (NSAPI2 + PDP context2 + @ of GGSN2)

SGSN

TID1 + PDP context1IMSI @ current SGSNGGSN

IMSI @ current SGSNHLR

5 Annex 24The Gb interface - Frame Relay overview

User connected to the frame relay network through a synchronous access lineBased on

semi-permanent connection, PVC


112/121



p

A PVC is identified on each end by a local connection identity : DLCI possible control of

data loss (use of CRC)

User to network signaling is carried by a specific PVC tagged with the DLCI 0

Frame RelayFrame Relay DLCIb

access line

DLCIm DLCIp

PVC 1

DLCI=0 (Sig)

DLCIp

DLCIm

DLCIa PVC 2

access line

PVC 3

DLCIb

BSSGPBSSGP

PCU1

5 Annex 25The Gb interface - physical layer


113/121



FrameFrame

RelayRelay SGSN

Gb

Physicallayer

SNS

BSSGP

NSC

Gb

FrameRelay

Physical

layer

SNS

NSC

Physicallayer

SNS

BSSGP

NSC

PCU2

BC1 = TSa, TSb,...BC2 = TSu, TSv,

Bearer Channel

BC3 = TSi, TSj,

BC4 = TSx, TSy,

BCa = all TS

BCb

PCM2

PCMa

PCMb

PCM

PCM1

BSSGP

PCU1

5 Annex 26The Gb interface - SubNetwork Service layer


114/121



Gb

SGSN

Physicallayer

SNS

BSSGP

NSC

Gb

Frame Relay

Physicallayer

SNS

NSCBC1

Bearer Channel

BC4

BCa

Physical

layer

SNS

BSSGP

NSC

PCU2

FrameFrame

RelayRelayPVC2

PVC3 PVC4

DLCIo

DLCIr

PVC

PVC1

DLCIm

DLCIp

5 Annex 27The Gb interface - Network Service Control layer

BSSGP

PCU1


115/121



Gb SGSN

Physicallayer

SNS

BSSGP

NSC

Gb

Physicallayer

SNS

NSC

Physicallayer

SNS

BSSGP

NSC

PCU2

FrameFrame

RelayRelay

NS-VCI=12

NS-VCI=13

NS-VCI=14

NS-VC

NS-VCI= 11BSC1

BSC2

NSEI x

NSEI y

NSE

PCU1 NSEBVCcellBVCI=i

BVCI=j

5 Annex 28The Gb interface - BSS GPRS Protocol


116/121



Physicallayer

SNS

NSC

SGSN

Physicallayer

SNS

NSC

Gb

Physicallayer

SNS

NSC

PCU2

BSC1BVCI=k

BSC2

BVCI=m

BVCI=p

BVCI=n

BSSGP

BVCI=i,BVCI=j,BVCI=k

BVCI=m,BV

CI=n,B

VCI=p

5 Annex 29R97/98 QoS attributes

Precedence Precedence Name Interpretation

1 High priority Service commitments shall be maintained ahead of precedence classes 2 and 3.

2 Normal priority Service commitments shall be maintained ahead of precedence class 3.


117/121



3 Low priority Service commitments shall be maintained after precedence classes 1 and 2.

ReliabilityClass

GTP Mode LLC FrameMode

LLC DataProtection

RLC BlockMode

Traffic Type

1 Acknowledged Acknowledged Protected Acknowledged Non real-time traffic,error-sensitiveapplication that cannotcope with data loss.

2 Unacknowledged Acknowledged Protected Acknowledged Non real-time traffic,error-sensitive

application that cancope with infrequentdata loss.

3 Unacknowledged Unacknowledged Protected Acknowledged Non real-time traffic,error-sensitiveapplication that cancope with data loss,GMM/SM, and SMS.

4 Unacknowledged Unacknowledged Protected Unacknowledged Real-time traffic, error-sensitive application thatcan cope with data loss.

5 Unacknowledged Unacknowledged Unprotected Unacknowledged Real-time traffic, error

non-sensitive applicationthat can cope with dataloss.

5 Glossary of abbreviations usedA to L

> ALMAP: ALcatel MAnagement Platform> APN: Access Point Name> AS: Alpha Server (Compaq)

> DLCI= Data Link Connection Identifier> DNS: Domain Name System> EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM


118/121



> AS: Alpha Server (Compaq)

> BG: Border Gateway> BSC: Base Station Controller> BSS: Base Station Subsystem> BSCGP: BSC-GPRS Protocol> BSSGP: BSS-GPRS Protocol> BVCI: BSSGP Virtual Connection Identifier

> CCBS: Customer Care and Billing Center> CCU: Channel Codec Unit> CDR: Call Detail Record> CG: Charging Gateway> CS: Circuit Switching> DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol> DL: Down Link

> EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM

Evolution> FUMO : Frame Unit Module> FR: Frame Relay> GPRS: General Packet Radio Service> GGSN: Gateway GSN> GMM: GPRS Mobility Management> GR: GPRS Register> GSL: GPRS Signaling Link> GSM: Global System for Mobile

communication> GSN: GPRS Support Node> GSS: GPRS Sub-System> GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol>

HLR: Home Location Register> HSCSD: High Speed Circuit-Switching Data

5 Glossary of abbreviations usedM to R

> IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity> IP: Internet Protocol> ISDN : Integrated Service Digital Network

> NSS: Network Sub-System> NS-VC: Network Service- Virtual Circuit> NTP: Network Time Protocol


119/121



>ISP: Internet Service Provider> LAN: Local Area Network

> LLC: Logical Link Control> MAC: Medium Access Control> MFS: Multi-Bsc Fast packet Server> MNRG: Mobile Not Reachable for Gprs> MS: Mobile Station> MSC: Mobile Switching Center

> MT: Mobile Terminal> NDL :> NE: Network Element> NMC: Network Management Center> NNM: Network Node Manager> NRPA : Network Requested PDP Context Activation> NSAPI: Network Service Access Point Identifier

> NSC: Network Service Control layer> NSEI: Network Service Entity Identifier

>DB : On Demand Bandwidth> OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center

> OS: Operation System> PAGCH: Packet- Access Grant Channel> PCCCH: Packet- Common Control CHannel> PCO: Protocol Configuration Options> PCU: Packet Control Unit> PDCH: Packet Data CHannel

> PDN: Packet Data Network> PDP: Packet Data Protocol (IP or X25)> PDU: Protocol Data Unit> PPCH: Packet- Paging CHannel> PRACH: Packet- Random Access CHannel> PS: Packet Switching

5 Glossary of abbreviations usedR to Z

P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile SubscriberIdentity

> PVC: Permanent Virtual Circuit> P VLR: Packet Visitors Location Register

> SNMP: Simple Network ManagementProtocol

> SNS: Sub-Network Service layer> TBF: Temporary Block Flow


120/121



> P-VLR: Packet- Visitors Location Register

> QoS: Quality of Service> RA: Routing Area> RIP : Routing Information Protocol> RLC: Radio Link Control> RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial In Use

Service> RRDTUF : Roaming Restriction Data Towards

Unknown Foreign PLMN> RRM: Radio Resource Management> RSZ : Regional Subscription Zone> SGSN: Serving GSN> SM: Session Management | Short Message> SMS: Short Message Service

> SMS-C: SMS-Center> SNDCP: Sub Network-Dependent Convergence

Protocol

p y

> TC: Trans Coder> TCH: Traffic CHannel> TCP: Transmission Control Protocol> TDMA: Time-Division Multiplexing Access> TFI: Temporary block Flow Identifier> TID: Tunnel IDentity> TLLI: Temporary Logical Link Identity> TMN: Telecommunication Management

Protocol> TS: Time Slot> UDP: User Datagram protocol> UL: Up Link> UMTS: Universal Mobile Transmission

System> WAP: Wireless Application Protocol> WAN: Wide Area Network

5 Main GPRS Standards

> EN 301 344 (GSM 03.60)GPRS Service description stage 2

>TS 101 350 (GSM 03.64)Overall description of the GPRS radio interface, stage 2

> GSM 04 60 GPRS MS BSS interface RLC/MAC protocols


121/121



> GSM 04.60 GPRS MS-BSS interface. RLC/MAC protocols

>TS 101 351 (GSM 04.64)MS-SGSN Logical Link Control layer

>TS 101 297 (GSM 04.65)MS-SGSN Sub-Network-Dependent Convergence Protocol layer

>TS 101 356 (GSM 07.60) MS supporting GPRS

> GSM 08.18 BSS-SGSN BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)

>EN 301 347 (GSM 09.60)GPRS Tuneling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface

> TS 101 348 (GSM 09.61) GPRS inter-working between PLMN and PDN

> TR 10.18 (GSM 10.18) O&M in GPRS

> TS 101 393 (GSM 12.15) GPRS charging

3fl10472acaawbzza2

Documents