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This research addresses the special relationshipbetween theexisting urban system and the expansion of its urban land use

towards the environment of ecological diversity adjacent to it,

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5

and because these environments Is spatially falls on the edge ofcities, we find it presents itselfthe relationship between urban

development and the effects of ecological diversity - to the

strategies and theexpansion of existing cities in general and thestudy area of the city of Najafin particular. The research hasdiscussed the city of Najaf, by analyzing the options of futureexpansions Scenario, then it is addressed to theSea of Najaf byanalyzing of mathematical indicators of its ecologicaldiversityas a one of the most important expansions Scenario. Because of

theecological importance of this area which is very uniquehistorically and ecologically, thaw it is so important to planning

sustainably.

Finally the research found a set of indicators for sustainable

urban planning for the city of Najaf and the Sea of Najaf.

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(Bio-Ecological

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(((Simpson Index (D

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Bio-Ecological Diversity vs

Socio-Economic Diversity January 2003,pp1-12)..)

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:-H = -sum(Pilog[Pi])

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5

(S)(H)(Eveness(E)

)

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(ELC)-Ecological

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( .pp,46-542007,Johan Colding)((ELC

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.

Bio-Ecological Diversity vs Socio-Economic Diversity''A Comparison of

Existing Measures''., Carole Maignan, Gianmarco Ottaviano,Dino Pinelli

and Francesco Rullani., January 2003,pp1-12.

Johan Colding-the Beijer international institute of ecological

economics,royal Swedis Academy Of Science ., Stockholm-Sweden,

Landscape and Urban Planning 81 -2007,pp55-46.

The Calgary Plan, \Integrate social, economic and environmentalobjectives into a coordinated decision-making process to maintain high

standards of living, social harmony and environmental quality ,

Environmental Policy by City Council., 1998.