37165086 trade union ppt for clg (2)

8/8/2019 37165086 Trade Union Ppt for Clg (2)

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CHANCHAL CHAUDHARY

SEM III


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` INTRODUCTION

` EVOLUTION OF TRADE UNION IN INDIA

` FEATURES

` OBJECTIVES` FUNCTIONS

` REASONS FOR JOINING TRADE UNION

` STRUCTURE OF TRADE UNION

` PROBLEMS AND WEAKNESSES FACED BY

TRADE UNIONS


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Section 2(h) of the Trade Unions Act, 1926 hasdefined a trade union as

Any combination, whether temporary or permanent,formed primarily for the purpose of regulating therelations between workmen and employers, or

between workmen and workmen, or betweenemployers and employers, or for imposingrestrictive conditions on the conduct of any tradeor business, and includes any federation of two ormore trade unions.


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1. All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)2. Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)3. Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)4. Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMKP)5. Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)

6. Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions(IFFTU)7. Indian National Trade Union Congress

(INTUC)8. National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)

9. National Labor Organization (NLO)10. Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC)11. United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) and12. United Trade Union Congress - Lenin Sarani

(UTUC - LS)


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` It is an organization formed by employees orworkers.

` It is formed on a continuous basis. It is apermanent body and not a casual or temporary

one.

` It is formed to protect and promote all kinds ofinterests economic, political and social-of itsmembers. The dominant interest with which a

union is concerned is, however, economic.

` It achieves its objectives through collective actionand group effort


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Emergence of TU in India can be defined in

three phases:

` The first phase falls between 1850 and 1900during which the inception of trade unions took

place. During this period of the growth of Indian

Capitalist enterprises, the working and living

conditions of the labor were poor and their workinghours were long.


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` Capitalists were only interested in their

productivity and profitability. In addition to long

working hours, their wages were low and general

economic conditions were poor in industries. Inorder to regulate the working hours and other

service conditions of the Indian textile labourers,

the Indian Factories Act was enacted in 1881

` As a result, employment of child labour wasprohibited. Mr. N M Lokhande organized people

like Rickshawalas etc., prepared a study report on

their working conditions and submitted it to the

Factory Labour Commission.


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` The Indian Factory Act of 1881 was amended in

1891 due to his efforts. Guided by educated

philanthropists(generous donors) and socialworkers like Mr. Lokhande, the growth of trade

union movement was slow in this phase. Many

strikes took place in the two decades following

1880 in all industrial cities. These strikes taught

workers to understand the power of united action

even though there was no union in real terms.

Small associations like Bombay Mill-Hands

Association came up.


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` The second phase of The Indian trade union

movement falls between 1900 and 1947. this

phase was characterized by the development oforganized trade unions and political movements of

the working class. It also witnessed the

emergence of militant trade unionism.

`

The First World War (1914-1918) and the Russianrevolution of 1917 gave a new turn to the Indian

trade union movement and organized efforts on

part of the workers to form trade unions.

`

In 1918, B P Wadia organized trade unionmovements with Textile mills in Madras.


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` He served strike notice to them and workers

appealed to Madras High Court because under

Common Law, strike is a breach of law.

` In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi suggested to let

individual struggle be a Mass movement. In 1920,

the First National Trade union organization (The

All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)) wasestablished. Many of the leaders of this

organization were leaders of the national

Movement. In 1926, Trade union law came up with

the efforts of Mr. N N Joshi that became operative

from 1927.


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` The third phase began with the emergence of

independent India (in 1947), and the Government

sought the cooperation of the unions for planned

economic development. The working class

movement was also politicized along the lines of

political parties. For instance Indian national trade

Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union arm of

the Congress Party. The AITUC is the trade union

arm of the Communist Party of India. Besides

workers, white-collar employees, supervisors and

managers are also organized by the trade unions,

as for example in the Banking, Insurance and

Petroleum industries.


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` Wages salaries

` Working conditions

` Discipline

` Personnel policies

` Welfare

` Employee-employer relation

` Negotiating machinery

` Safeguarding organizational health and interest ofthe industry


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CONT.

` EDUCATION AND TRAINING.

` LEGAL ASSISTANCE.` FINANCIAL DISCOUNTS.

` WELFARE BENEFITS.


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` Functions of trade union can be broadly classified

into :

` MILITANT FUNCTIONS.

` FRATERNAL FUNCTIONS.


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One set of activities performed by trade unions leadsto the betterment of the position of their members inrelation to their employment. The aim of such activitiesis to ensure adequate wages, secure better conditionsof work and employment, get better treatment from

employers, etc. When the unions fail to accomplishthese aims by the method of collective bargaining andnegotiations, they adopt an approach and put up afight with the management in the form of go-slowtactics, strike, boycott, gherao, etc. Hence, these

functions of the trade unions are known as militant orfighting functions. Thus, the militant functions of tradeunions can be summed up as:


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CONT

` To achieve higher wages and better working

conditions

` To raise the status of workers as a part of industry

` To protect labors against victimization and

injustice


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` Another set of activities performed by trade unions

aims at rendering help to its members in times of

need, and improving their efficiency. Trade unions

try to foster a spirit of cooperation and promotefriendly industrial relations and diffuse education

and culture among their members. Thus, the

fraternal functions of trade unions can be summed

up as:


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CONT.

` To take up welfare measures for improving the

morale of workers

` To generate self confidence among workers

` To encourage sincerity and discipline amongworkers

` To provide opportunities for promotion and growth

` To protect women workers against discrimination


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` GREATER BARGAINING POWER

` MINIMIZE DISCRIMINATION

` SENSE OF SECURITY

` SENSE OF PARTICIPATION` SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS

` PLATFORM FOR SELF EXPRESSION

` BETTERMENT OF RELATIONSHIP


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` GREATER BARGAINING POWER

The individual employee possesses very little

bargaining power as compared to that of hisemployer. If he is not satisfied with the wage andother conditions of employment, he can leavethe job. It is not practicable to continually resignfrom one job after another when he is

dissatisfied. This imposes a great financial andemotional burden upon the worker. The bettercourse for him is to join a union that can takeconcerted action against the employer. Thethreat or actuality of a strike by a union is a

powerful tool that often causes the employer toaccept the demands of the workers for betterconditions of employment.


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` MINIMIZE DISCRIMINATION

The decisions regarding pay, work, transfer,promotion, etc. are highly subjective in nature.The personal relationships existing between thesupervisor and each of his subordinates mayinfluence the management. Thus, there are

chances of favoritisms and discriminations. Atrade union can compel the management toformulate personnel policies that press forequality of treatment to the workers. All the labordecisions of the management are under close

scrutiny of the labor union. This has the effect ofminimizing favoritism and discrimination.


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` SENSE OF SECURITY

The employees may join the unions because oftheir belief that it is an effective way to secureadequate protection from various types ofhazards and income insecurity such as accident,

injury, illness, unemployment, etc. The tradeunion secure retirement benefits of the workersand compel the management to invest in welfareservices for the benefit of the workers.


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` SENSE OF PARTICIPATION

The employees can participate in management

of matters affecting their interests only if theyjoin trade unions. They can influence the

decisions that are taken as a result of collective

bargaining between the union and the

management.


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` SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS

Many employees join a union because their co-

workers are the members of the union. At times,

an employee joins a union under group

pressure; if he does not, he often has a verydifficult time at work. On the other hand, those

who are members of a union feel that they gain

respect in the eyes of their fellow workers. They

can also discuss their problem with the tradeunion leaders.


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` PLATFORM FORSELF EXPRESSION

The desire for self-expression is a fundamentalhuman drive for most people. All of us wish to shareour feelings, ideas and opinions with others.Similarly the workers also want the management tolisten to them. A trade union provides such a forumwhere the feelings, ideas and opinions of the

workers could be discussed. It can also transmit thefeelings, ideas, opinions and complaints of theworkers to the management. The collective voice ofthe workers is heard by the management and givedue consideration while taking policy decisions by

the management.


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` BETTERMENT OF RELATIONSHIP

Another reason for employees joining unions isthat employees feel that unions can fulfill the

important need for adequate machinery for

proper maintenance of employer-employee

relations. Unions help in betterment ofindustrial

relations among management and workers by

solving the problems peacefully.


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` Plant level Unions: The first level in the structurefrom below is the plant level union. This comprisesthe unions in one organization or factory. Onlyseven members are required to form a union. This

has lead to multiple unions in one factory.` Local Level federations. This is the second level

in the structure from below. The local trade unionfederation holds together the plant level unions atthe local level in a particular craft and industry.

These local level federations might be affiliated toeither some regional level or national levelfederation or these may be independent.


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CONT.` Regional level federations. These are the

organizations of all the constituent unions in aparticular state or region.

` National federations. These are national levelbodies to which plant level unions, local unions orregional level unions may get affiliated. These are

the apex bodies at the top of the structure. Theyact as coordinating bodies. These nationalfederations may have their own regional or statelevel coordinating bodies to which the plant levelunions may get affiliated.


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` Uneven Growth. The trade unionism in India ischaracterized by uneven growth, both industry-wise andarea-wise. Trade unions are popular in big industries andthe degree of unionization varies widely from industry toindustry. Besides, trade union activities are concentrated ina few states and in bigger industrial centers mainly due toconcentration of industries in those places.

` LimitedMembership. The number of trade unions in Indiahas increased considerably. But this has been followed bythe declining membership per union.

` Multiplicity ofUnions. There exist several trade unions inthe same establishment. The law permits and givessanctity to small unions. Any seven persons can form aunion under the Trade Unions Act, 1926. This Act confers

rights on such a union. It is allowed under the Act to raisedisputes, file suits, go to conciliation and even bargain withemployers. Therefore, small sections of workers areencouraged to form separate Unions. There is norestriction on the number of unions to be registered in oneestablishment.


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CONT.Outside Leadership. Trade unions in India are led largely by

people who themselves are not workers. These outsiders

are politicians, intellectuals and professionals having noexperience of work in industry. Outsiders continue todominate the trade unions to advance their personalinterests.

Financial Problems. The financial position of the tradeunions is weak because their average yearly income is

very low and inadequate. The subscription rates are verylow. Under conditions of multiplicity of unions, a unioninterested in increasing its membership figures keeps thesubscription rate unduly low. As a result, the funds with theunions are inadequate and they cannot undertake welfareprograms for their members. Another reason for the weak

financial position of union is that large amounts ofsubscription dues remain unpaid by the workers. Besidesthis, unions do not have proper staff and organization tocollect subscriptions.


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` IndifferentAttitude of Workers. In India, a largenumber of workers have not joined any union.Moreover, all the members of the trade unions donot show interest in their affairs. The attendance

at the general meetings of the unions is very low.Under such circumstance, trade unionism cannotbe expected to make much progress.


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37165086 trade union ppt for clg (2)

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