35.2: Nutrition

What substances are essential for body function?

CarbohydratesFatsProteinsMineralVitaminswater

What is a carbohydrate?

Carbohydrates are starches and sugarsQ: What is the difference between the

two?A: starches are complex (takes longer to

break down), ex. Bread, potatoes, rice, corn, beans, pasta. Sugars are simple carbohydrates, ex.: mostly found in fruits such as plums, strawberries and bananas.

Are there indigestible

carbohydrates?Yes! Cellulose is a complex

carbohydrate found in plants. Ex. Bran and spinach

Q: Why would we eat something we can’t digest?

A: It aids in waste elimination.

FATS,..Who needs ‘em?

EVERYONE!Fats are essential for cellular

structure and many chemical processes, including hormone production.

Q: Which fats are the “good” fats?A: Any that are found in natural

foods, avocado, nuts, and meats.

Proteins

Q: For what does the body use proteins?

A: enzymes, hormones, and antibodies are all types of proteins. They are also used for digestion, part of muscle, and cell structures.

Q: What foods contain proteins?A: meats, nuts, beans, eggs

Minerals and Vitamins

Mineral: an inorganic substance that serves as a building material or takes part in a chemical reaction. 4% of your total body weight (mostly in your skeleton). NOT an energy source.

Vitamin: Organic nutrients required to maintain growth and metabolism. Two kinds fat soluble (stored in liver, too much = TOXIC) and water soluble (can’t store, need on daily basis)

WATER

Drink it! Lots of it! At least 8-16oz. glasses per day.It makes up 60% of RBC and 75% of muscle cells.

Q: What does it do?A: Allows body to perform chemical

reactions, digest food, maintain body temperature.

Q: How much do you lose per day?A: 2.5 L through exhalation, sweat, and

urine

What is a calorie?

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1mL of water by 1degree Celsius. A Calorie raises 1L of water 1 degree Celsius

1 g of fat contains 9 caloriesQ:How do you gain weight? A: Consume more Calories than you burn off.Q: How do you lose weight?A: Burn more Calories than you consume.