3341903 tom lab_manual_prepared by mvp & vhh

LAB

MANUAL

Prepared By

Mr. Mehul V. Patel

Mr. Vipul H. Hingu

THEORY OF MACHINES SUBJECT CODE :- 3341903

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC

LAB PRACTICAL LIST S.B. POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI TOM (3341903)

Prepared By MVP & VHH

LAB PRACTICAL LIST

Practical No. Aim of Practical

1 Preparatory Activity

2 Velocity and Acceleration

(Draw Sheet)

3 Cam Profile (Draw Sheet)

4 To study about Clutch (Single & Cone Clutch)

5 To study about

Power Transmission Systems

6 Balancing (Draw Sheet)

7 Tutorials based on Friction, Power

transmission, Flywheel and Governor.

8 Mini Project and Presentation

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC

EXPERIMENT NO. 1 S.B. POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI TOM (3341903)

Prepared By MVP & VHH Page 1 of 5

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

AIM: - Preparatory Activity

Introduction

“A machine is a device which receives energy and transforms it into some useful Work.” A

machine consists of a number of parts or bodies. In this chapter, we shall study the mechanisms of

the various parts or bodies from which the machine is assembled. This is done by making one of

the parts as fixed, and the relative motion of other parts is determined with respect to the fixed

part.

Various courses related to S.I units

1) Fundamental units

2) Derived units

3) C.G.S units

4) F.P.S units

5) M.K.S units

1) Fundamental units

Physical quantities is one of the most important operations in engineering

Every quantity is measured in terms of some arbitrary, but internationally

accepted units called fundamental units. All physical quantities, met within this

subject, are expressed in terms of the following three fundamental quantities .

a) Length (L or l)

b) Mass (M or m)

c) Time (t)

2) Derived Units

Some units are expressed in terms of fundamental units known as derived

units e.g., the units of area, velocity, acceleration, pressure, etc.

3) C.G.S Units

In this system, the fundamental units of length, mass and time are

centimetre, gram and second The C.G.S. units are known as absolute units or

physicist's units.

4) F.P.S units

In this system, the fundamental units of length, mass and time are foot,

pound and Second respectively.

5) M.K.S Units

In this system, the fundamental units of length, mass and time are meter,

kilogram and Second respectively. The M.K.S. units are known as gravitational units

or engineer's units.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



International System of Units (S.I. Units)

The 11th general conference* of weights and measures have recommended a unified

Systematically constituted system of fundamental and derived units for international use. This

system is now being used in many countries. In India, the standards of Weights and Measures Act,

1956 (vide which we switched over to M.K.S. units) has been revised to recognise all the S.I. units in

industry. In this system of units, the fundamental units are metre (m), kilogram (kg) and second (s)

respectively. But there is a slight variation in their derived units.

The derived units, which will be used in this practical, are given below

TABLE NO. – 1.1

QUANTITY UNITS

Mass density Kg/m3

Force N or KN

Pressure Pa (Pascal) or N/m2 ( 1 Pa=1 N /m2)

Work energy 1 J = 1 N-m

Power W

Absolute viscosity Kg*m/s

Kinematic viscosity M2/s

Velocity M/s

Acceleration M /s2

Angular acceleration Rad/s2

Frequency Hz

Meter

The international meter may be defined as the shortest distance (at 0°C)

between the two Parallel lines, engraved upon the polished surface of a platinum-

iridium bar, kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sevres

near Paris.

Kilogram

The international kilogram may be defined as the mass of the platinum-

iridium cylinder, which is also kept at the International Bureau of Weights and

Measures at Sevres near Paris.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC


Prepared By MVP & VHH Page 1A

(Fig. No. 1.1) (Fig. No. 1.2)

Vector quantities Vector & Scalar quantities

(Fig. No. 1.3)

Representation of Vector Quantities

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



Second

The fundamental unit of time for all the three systems, is second,

Which is 1/24 × 60 × 60 = 1/86 400th of the mean solar day. A solar day may

be defined as the interval of time, between the instants, at which the sun crosses a

meridian on two consecutive days. This value varies slightly throughout the year. The

average of all the solar days, during one year, is called the mean solar day.

Rules for S.I. Units

The eleventh General Conference of Weights and Measures recommended only the

fundamental and derived units of S.I. units. But it did not elaborate the rules for the usage of the

units. Later on many scientists and engineers held a number of meetings for the style and usage of

S.I. units. Some of the decisions of the meetings are as follows:

1) For numbers having five or more digits, the digits should be placed in groups of three

separated by spaces* (instead of commas) counting both to the left and right to the

decimal point.

2) In a four digit number, the space is not required unless the four digit number is used

in a column of numbers with five or more digits.

3) A dash is to be used to separate units that are multiplied together. For

example, newton meter is written as N-m. It should not be confused with mN, which

stands for mill newton.

4) Plurals are never used with symbols. For example, metre or metres are written as m.

5) All symbols are written in small letters except the symbols derived from the proper

names. For example, N for newton and W for watt.

6) The units with names of scientists should not start with capital letter when written in

full. For Example, 90 newton and not 90 Newton. At the time of writing this book,

the authors sought the advice of various international, subtracting vector quantities,

their directions are also taken into account.

Scalars and Vectors

Scalar quantities are those quantities, which have magnitude only, e.g. mass, time, volume,

density etc. Show Fig. No. 1.2.

Vector quantities are those quantities which have magnitude as well as direction e.g.

velocity, acceleration, force etc. Show Fig. No. 1.2.

Since the vector quantities have both magnitude and direction, Show Fig. No. 1.1, therefore,

while adding or subtracting vector quantities, their directions are also taken into account.

Representation of Vector Quantities

The vector quantities are represented by vectors. A vector is a straight line of

a certain length possessing a starting point and a terminal point at which it carries an

arrow head. This vector is cut off along the vector quantity draw parallel to the line

of action of the vector quantity, so that the length of the vector represents the

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 1.4) - Four bar chain

(Fig. No. 1.5) - Single Slider Crank Chain

(Fig. No. 1.6) - Double Slider Crank Chain

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



magnitude to some scale. The arrow head of the vector represents the direction of

the vector quantity Show Fig. No. 1.3.

Kinematic Chains

Kinematic Chain

A Kinematic Chain is defined as an assemblage of links and joints,

interconnected in a way to provide a controlled output motion in response to

a supplied input motion.

Mechanism

When one of the links of a kinematic chain is fixed, the chain is known

as mechanism. It may be used for transmitting or transforming motion e.g.

engine indicators, typewriter etc.

Types of Kinematic Chains

The most important kinematic chains are those which consist of four lower

pairs, each pair being a sliding pair or a turning pair. The following three types of

kinematic chains with four lower pairs are important from the subject point of view:

1) Four bar chain or quadric cyclic chain,

2) Single slider crank chain,

3) Double slider crank chain.

These kinematic chains are discussed, in detail, in the following articles

1) Four bar chain or quadric cyclic chain

We have already discussed that the kinematic chain is a combination of

four or more kinematic pairs, such that the relative motion between the links

or elements is completely constrained. The simplest and the basic kinematic

chain is a four bar chain or quadratic cycle chain, as shown in Fig. No. 1.4.

It consists of four links, each of them forms a turning pair at A, B, C and D.

The four links may be of different lengths. According to Grashof 's law for a

four bar mechanism, the sum of the shortest and longest link lengths

should not be greater than the sum of the remaining two link lengths if

there is to be continuous relative motion between the two links. Other links.

The mechanism in which no link makes a complete revolution will not be

useful. In a four bar chain, one of the links, in particular the shortest link, will

make a complete revolution relative to the other three links, if it satisfies the

Grashof's law. Such a link is known as crank or driver. Show in Fig. No. 1.4

AD (link 4) is a crank. The link BC (link 2) which makes a partial rotation or

oscillates is known as lever or rocker or follower and the link CD (link 3) which

connects the crank and lever is called connecting rod or coupler. The fixed

link A B (link 1) is known as frame of the mechanism.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



When the crank (link 4) is the driver, the mechanism is

transforming rotary motion into oscillating motion.

2) Single Slider Crank Chain

A single slider crank chain is a modification of the basic four bar chain. It

consist of one sliding pair and three turning pairs. It is, usually, found in

reciprocating steam engine mechanism. This type of mechanism converts

rotary motion into reciprocating motion and vice versa. Show in Fig. No. 1.5

3) Double Slider Crank Chain

A four bar chain having two turning and two sliding pairs such that two

pairs of the same kind are adjacent is known as double slider crank chain.

Show in Fig. No. 1.6

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



EXPERIMENT NO. 2

AIM: - Velocity and Acceleration:

Prepare sheets on velocity and acceleration diagram for given mechanisms.

Draw following Problem in Drawing Sheet.

(1) Three masses 5 Kg, 6Kg and 8Kg are revolving about an axis in the same plane at the radii of 0.12m, 0.1m, and 0.15m respectively. The angle between 5 Kg and 6 Kg mass is 600 and 6 kg and 8 Kg mass is 1650. Determine magnitude and position of the balancing mass at the radius of 0.14 m for the state of balance.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(2) For a four bar mechanism ABCD, AD = 3.5m is a fixed link. Driving link AB = 0.5m, driven link CD = 1.5m, link BC = 3m and Angle BAD = 600. Link AB rotates at 20 RPM in clock wise direction. Use relative velocity and acceleration method. Determine

i. Angular velocity of link BC. ii. Linear velocity of point E lying on link BC at 2.25 m from B.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(3) In a Steam engine, the Crank and connecting rod are 300mm and 1500mm long respectively. Draw the Velocity diagram when crank has rotated in clock wise direction for 500 from I.D.C. Find the engine speed when the velocity of piston is 4.9 m/s. Use Klein’s construction method.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(4) In a four bar linkage ABCD, AD = 3.6m is fixed link, driving link AB =0.6m, driven link CD =

1.6m. And link BC = 3m. Angle BAD = 600. Link AB rotates at 40 RPM in clockwise direction,

Use relative velocity and acceleration method. Determine

i. Angular velocity of link BC

ii. Linear acceleration of point E lying on link BC at 2.5m from B.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



EXPERIMENT NO. 3

AIM: - Cam Profile:

Prepare sheets on construction of cam profile for given data.

Draw following Problem in Drawing Sheet.

(1) Draw the profile of a cam operating a knife-edge follower with the following data. Least radius of a cam = 25 mm.

Lift of the follower = 50 mm.

The cam lifts the follower for 1500 with SHM followed by a dwell period of 300.Then

follower lowers down during 1200 of cam rotation with uniform Acceleration and

deceleration followed by a remaining dwell period. Assume Clockwise rotation of a cam.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(2) Draw the profile of the cam that gives a lift of 40 mm to a roller follower, dia.15 mm. The axis of the follower is 15 mm eccentric on right side of the center of the cam. The cam rotates in clockwise direction. The minimum radius of the cam is 30 mm. The follower is to be lifted with simple harmonic motion during 1200 of cam rotation, dwells for 300 of the cam rotation in the lifted position, Returns to initial position during 900 of cam rotation with uniform velocity motion, and dwells for remaining degree of cam rotation.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



EXPERIMENT NO. 4

AIM: - To study about Clutch:

To study about Single plate clutch & Cone clutch and their assembly.

Single Plate Clutch

This is a plate or disc type friction clutch where single plate with friction lining material on

one side or both side is used. Fig. No. 4.1 show the single plate clutch used in automobile-car with

friction lining material on both sides of the friction plate.

A is the driving shaft on which the flywheel B is mounted. Friction D is attached to hub H

which rotates along with driven shaft E & can also slide axially on the shaft E. The friction plate D is

lined with friction rings plate C on the both the sides of the plate. The clutch plate F rotates freely

on the drive shaft and provided with a hub on the other side which receives the end of the lever G

in the grove provided on the hub. Number of pins are fixed on the flywheel on which the helical

compression springs are placed, pressing the pressure plate to keep the clutch in the engaged

position. When clutch paddle G is passed, the sleeve (integral with pressure plate) moves away

from the friction plate, the clutch is disengaged and the springs are further compressed. The gap is

created between friction plate and pressure plates and there is no axial force between the friction

plate & the pressure plate hence the driving shaft keeps rotating but the driven shaft does not

rotate.

Cone Clutch

As the shape of the surfaces in contact is conical in this clutch. The member C having

internal conical surface is fixed with the driving shaft A. The driven shaft B has external splines and

the driven member D is assembled with the driven shat B and free to slide axially on the splines of

the driven shaft and rotate along with the shaft. Compression spring S is placed between the collar

on the shaft and the sleeve initial with the driven cone D. The initial compression in the spring

keeps the cone D in the contact with the member C. Thus the power /torque is the transmitted

from driving to the coaxial driven shaft. The grove in the sleeve accommodates the end of

operating lever G. When the force is applied on the paddle of the lever G the spring S is further

compressed & the sleeve moves on the right side creating a gap between driving & driven cone will

not rotate &power is transmitted. In the cone clutch the wedging action due to conical surfaces

results in to consideration normal pressure & friction force with small engaging force. Cone clutch

has large torque capacity for smaller axial force compared to plate clutch. Show Fig. No. 4.2

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 4.1)

Single Disc or Plate Clutch

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 4.2)

Cone Clutch

(Fig. No. 4.3)

Angle of Repose

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



Define Following

1) Co-efficient of Friction

It is defined as the ratio of limiting friction, F to the normal reaction Rn. It is denoted

by µ. Mathematically, coefficient of friction.

µ =F/Rn.

2) Limiting Friction

The maximum value of friction force which is just overcome by external force &

cause the body just to move is known as Limiting friction.

3) Angle of Repose

If the angle of inclination α in such that the body begin to move downward without

applying external force, then that angle α is known as an Angle of Repose. Show Fig. No. 4.3

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



EXPERIMENT NO. 5

AIM: - Power Transmission Systems

Identify various power transmission systems by observing different machines and

equipment used in mechanical engineering workshop.

Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a location

where it is applied to perform useful work.

Types of power transmission

1) Belt drive

2) Gear drive

1) Belt drive

The belts or ropes are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by

means of pulleys which rotate at the same speed or at different speeds. A belt is a

looped strip of flexible material used to mechanically link two or more rotating

shafts. A belt drive offers smooth transmission of power between shafts at a

considerable distance. Belt drives are used as the source of motion to transfer to

efficiently transmit power or to track relative movement.

The amount of power transmitted depends upon the following factors:

1) The velocity of the belt.

2) The tension under which the belt is placed on the pulleys.

3) The arc of contact between the belt and the smaller pulley.

4) The conditions under which the belt is used. It may be noted that,

a. The shafts should be properly in line to insure uniform tension

across the belt section.

b. The pulleys should not be too close together, in order that the

arc of contact on the smaller pulley may be as large as

possible.

c. The pulleys should not be so far apart as to cause the belt to

weigh heavily on the shafts, thus increasing the friction load

on the bearings.

Advantages of belt drives

1) Belt drives are simple are economical.

2) They don’t need parallel shafts.

3) Belts drives are provided with overload and jam protection.

4) Noise and vibration are damped out. Machinery life is increased

because load fluctuations are shock-absorbed.

5) They are lubrication-free. They require less maintenance cost.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 5.1)

Types of Belts

(Fig. No. 5.2)

Types of Belts

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



6) They are very economical when the distance between shafts is very

large.

Disadvantages of belt drives

In Belt drives, angular velocity ratio is not necessarily constant or equal to

the ratio of pulley diameters, because of slipping and stretching.

Heat buildup occurs. Speed is limited to usually 35 meters per second.

Power transmission is limited to 370 kilowatts.

Operating temperatures are usually restricted to –35 to 85°C.

Some adjustment of centre distance or use of an idler pulley is necessary

for wearing and stretching of belt drive compensation.

Types of Belt used

a) Flat belt

The flat belt, as shown in Fig. No. 5.1 & 5.2, is mostly used in the

factories and workshops, where a moderate amount of power is to be

transmitted, from one pulley to another when the two pulleys are not more

than 8 metres apart.

b) V belt

The V-belt, as shown in Fig. No. 5.1 & 5.2, is mostly used in the

factories and work-shops, where a moderate amount of power is to be

transmitted, from one pulley to another, when the two pulleys are very near

to each other.

c) Circular belt

The circular belt or rope, as shown in Fig. No. 5.1 & 5.2, is mostly used

in the factories and workshops, where a great amount of power is to be

transmitted, from one pulley to another, when the two pulleys are more than

8 meters apart.

d) Toothed belt

Timing belts as shown in Fig. No. 5.1 & 5.2, are toothed belts that use

their teeth for power transmission, as opposed to friction. This configuration

results in no slippage, and therefore, the driving and driven shafts remain

synchronized. It’s more expensive to manufacture due to complexity of the

belt and pulley shapes.

Difference between Flat Belt Drive And V-Belt Drive

Flat Belt V-Belt

Flat belt has a rectangular cross section.

V-belts are characterized by their trapezium shaped cross section. Two or more straps can be used on pulleys with multiple grooves.

Simple design, inexpensive and require Construction of V-belt and V-groove

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 5.3)

Open belt drive

(Fig. No. 5.4)

Crossed belt drive

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



little maintenance. pulleys is complicated and expensive compared to the flat belt.

Precise alignments of shafts and pulleys are not as critical with flat belts

Require precise alignment for uniform tension across the section.

Friction engagement at the outer pulley surface.

Frictional engagement between lateral wedge surfaces of the belt.

The Slip may occur. Slip is negligible due to wedging action between the belt and V-groove pulley.

Low-velocity ratio. High-velocity ratio.

Power transmission capacity is low. V-belt can transmit more power for the same coefficient of friction.

V-belt can transmit more power for the same coefficient of friction.

The centrifugal tension limits the speed of V-belt between 5m/s to 50m/s.

Power transmission capacity is low. V-belt can transmit more power for the same coefficient of friction.

Slip in belt drive and the effect of slip in Velocity Ratio

Slip of belt drive is the firm frictional grip between the belt and pulley

causes the movement of the belt on the pulley without slipping. If the frictional

grip is in-sufficient, some forward motion of pulley will take place without

carrying the belt with them. This is known as slip of belt. Thus the difference

between the linear speed of the rim of the pulley and belt on it is known as slip

of the belt drive. The result of the belt slipping is to reduce the velocity ratio of

the system. As the slipping of the belt is a common phenomenon, thus the belt

should never be used where a definite velocity ratio is importance

Types of Belt drive

1) Open belt drive

In such drives the driving and the driven shafts are parallel to

each other and they rotate in same direction. Show in Fig. No. 5.3.

2) Crossed belt drive

In crossed belt drive the driven pulley rotates in the opposite

direction to that of driven pulley. Show in Fig. No. 5.4.

3) Compound belt drive The compound belt drive is used when the distance between input

and output shaft is large and also when the high velocity is required. Show

in Fig. No. 5.5.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 5.5)

Compound belt drive

(Fig. No. 5.6)

Simple gear train

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



2) Gear drives

A gear train is the combination of gear wheels which is used to transmit

motion from one shaft to another.

Types of Gear drives

1) Simple gear train

The simple gear train is used where there is a large distance to

be covered between the input shaft and the output shaft. Each gear in

a simple gear train is mounted on its own shaft.

When examining simple gear trains, it is necessary to decide

whether the output gear will turn faster, slower, or the same speed as

the input gear. The circumference (distance around the outside edge)

of these two gears will determine their relative speeds Show in Fig.

No. 5.6.

2) Compound gear train

In a compound gear train at least one of the shafts in the train

must hold two gears. Compound gear trains are used when large

changes in speed or power output are needed and there is only a

small space between the input and output shafts.

The number of shafts and direction of rotation of the input

gear determine the direction of rotation of the output gear in a

compound gear train. The train in Figure has two gears in between

the input and output gears. These two gears are on one shaft. They

rotate in the same direction and act like one gear. There are an odd

number of gear shafts in this example. As a result, the input gear and

output gear rotate in the same direction. Show in Fig. No. 5.7.

3) Reverted gear train

A reverted gear train is very similar to a compound gear train.

They are both used when there is only a small space between the

input and output shafts and large changes in speed or power are

needed.

There are two major differences between compound and

reverted gear trains. First, the input and output shafts of a reverted

train must be on the same axis (in a straight line with one another).

Second, the distance between the centres of the two gears in each

pair must be the same. Show in Fig. No. 5.8.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 5.7)

Compound gear train

(Fig. No. 5.8)

Reverted gear train

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



4) Epicyclic gear train

In simple gear train and compound gear train the axes of the shaft

are fixed. Where as in the epicyclic gear train the axes of the shaft on which

the gear train are mounted may have the relative motion between them.

Show in Fig. No. 5.9. Gear A and arm C have common axis O1 about which they can

rotate gear B meshes with gear A and has its axis O2 and can also revolves

along with the arm about the axis O1. When the arm is fixed the gear train

where gear A or gear B or vice versa. But if gear A is fixed and the arm C is

rotate about the axis of gear A than the gear B is forced to rotate upon and

around gear A. such motion is called epicycle.

And the gear train arranged in such a manner is known as epicycle

gear train. Epicycle gear train may consist of simple, compound or reverted

gear train. Epicycle gear train are also known as planetary gear train as the

motion of the gear are like sun and planet.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(Fig. No. 5.9)

Epicyclic gear train

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



EXPERIMENT NO. 6

AIM: - Balancing

Prepare sheet on balancing using graphical and analytical method for a given data.

Balancing Of the Several Masses Rotation in the Same Plane:

Masses m1, m2, m3, m4 are attached to the shaft in the same plane and rotating

about the axis of the shaft passing through the point `O’. The masses are rotating at the

angular speeds of ω rad /sec and have their C.G at a distance of r1, r2, r3 and r4 from the axis

of the shaft respectively .The angular position of the masses m1, m2, m3, m4 with respect

to `OX’ is Θ1, Θ2, Θ3, Θ4 respectively. When the shaft rotates the centrifugal force acts on it

radially outwards through each mass centre. Each of these forces will be proportional to the

corresponding products m*r Show Fig. No. 6.1.

There are two method of Balancing of several masses.

1. Analytical Method.

2. Graphical Method.

(Fig. No. 6.1)

Balancing Of the Several Masses Rotation

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



Problems

(1) Three masses 5 Kg, 6Kg and 8Kg are revolving about an axis in the same plane at the radii of 0.12m, 0.1m, and 0.15m respectively. The angle between 5 Kg and 6 Kg mass is 600 and 6 kg and 8 Kg mass is 1650. Determine magnitude and position of the balancing mass at the radius of 0.14 m for the state of balance.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



(2) Three masses 7kg, 4kg, 9kg are revolving about an axis in the same plane at radii of 0.10m, 0.18m and 0.14m respectively. The angle between 7kg and 4kg mass is 500 and 4kg and 9kg mass is 1600. Determine magnitude and position of a balance mass at a radius 0.22m for complete dynamic balancing.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



EXPERIMENT NO. 7

AIM: - Tutorials:

Write a tutorial based on

Friction,

Power transmission,

Flywheel and Governor.

Solve following Examples.

(1) A belt having 1 gm/cm3 density has maximum permissible stress of 2.2 N/mm2. The width & thickness of the belt is 250 mm & 11 mm respectively. If the ratio of the belt tension is 2, find the maximum power that can be transmitted by the belt.

(2) The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to the following scale. Turning moment scale, 1cm =5586 Nm, Crank angle scale, 1cm = 300. The turning moment diagram repeats itself at every half revolution of the engine crank shaft and the areas above and below the mean torque line taken in order are 2.95, 6.85, 0.4, 3.4, 9.6 and 2.7 sq.cm. The rotating parts are equivalent to 40 kg at a radius of 1.8 m. Determine the coefficient of fluctuation of speed when the engine runs at 1500 rpm.

(3) An engine rotating at 110 rpm produces 330 KW power, Co-efficient of fluctuation of energy is 0.2 and its speed has to be maintained within 6% of mean speed. Find out the mass of the flywheel having radius of gyration of 2.0 m.

(4) Find the necessary width and initial tension in the belt from the following details for the open flat

belt drive.

Diameter of pulley = 550 mm.

Arc of contact = 3 rad.

Co-efficient of friction = 0.4

Power transmitted at 400 rpm = 4.0 KW.

Safe tension for belt [T] = 10N/mm width.

(5) A compound gear train consist of 6 gear A,B,C,D,E and gear F. Gear A, B, C, D & E have 80, 40, 50, 25 and 50 teeth respectively. If the gear A and F have speed of 40 rpm and 400 rpm respectively. Find the number of teeth of gear F and draw neat sketch of the gear train.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC



EXPERIMENT NO. 8

AIM: - Mini Project and Presentation:

(A) Compile information from internet related to various mechanisms/elements like piston,

crank, connecting rod, cam, clutch, brake, flywheel, governor, or animation of mechanism

etc. along with functions of each.

(B) Select any one mechanism (preferably that which is NOT Part of syllabus) from mechanical

laboratory/workshop/real life. Sketch the same. Take photograph of the same. Also record

the movie of its working.

(C) Prepare subject related mechanism simple model. This has to be proposed by student/s and

has to be approved by teacher.

(D) Present the experience with power point presentation and model prepared at c above. This

has to include:

Compiled information as per above.

Explain the mechanism selected at b above. Use photographs and movie recorded.

Explain the working of model prepared at c above.

Photographs/movie of students working on project.

Present student activities also.

S.B. P

OLYTECHNIC

3341903 tom lab_manual_prepared by mvp & vhh

Engineering