3.0 existing conditions

York Region | Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Elgin Mills Road and 19th Ave Class Environmental Assessment Study

MMM Group Limited | September 2015 |

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3.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS

3.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The Study Area is bounded by Elgin Mills Road on the south, 19th Avenue to the north, Leslie Street to the

west and Woodbine Avenue / Woodbine Bypass to the east. The Study Area is shown in Exhibit 1-1.

3.1.1 Existing and Future Land Uses

City of Markham

East of Highway 404, lands are under the jurisdiction of the City of Markham. Existing land uses per City

of Markham Official Plan, 2013 (see Exhibit 3-1) illustrates that the land uses included a mix of retained

Greenbelt, residential development and commercial development to the east of Woodbine Avenue. Between

Woodbine Bypass and Woodbine Avenue, lands are part of the Cathedral Town subdivision and consist

largely of detached residential houses. Residential development from Elgin Mills Road to approximately

600 m north of Elgin Mills Road is part of the Cathedral Community Planning District. To the west of

Woodbine Bypass (i.e. northeast quadrant of Highway 404 and Elgin Mills Road), lands are currently vacant

but are designated for future business development.

From approximately 600 m north of Elgin Mills Road, lands are within the Highway 404 North Planning District.

Lands between Woodbine Bypass and Woodbine Avenue are residential use (i.e. continuation of the

Cathedral Community). Besides this area, the remaining lands within the Highway 404 North Planning District

are designated for Business Park / Employment uses. Existing employment uses include the Honda Canada

campus (office and training facility) and Enbridge Gas (office and training facility). A warehouse facility in the

northwest quadrant of Woodbine Bypass / Honda Boulevard is being constructed and will be occupied by

Mobis, a division of Hyundai. Lands immediately south of 19th Avenue include industrial uses (an industrial

yard/operation just east of Highway 404), Fletcher’s Field (a rugby stadium), farming uses, as well as utilities

such as Hydro One corridor and Trans Canada Pipeline station. Other remaining lands with the Highway 404

North Planning District are currently vacant but will be developed in the future for business/employment uses.

The existing development and active development that are being reviewed / approved within the Highway 404

North Planning District became one of the key constraints in the EA Study when identifying suitable location

for the proposed road crossing.

Areas immediately east of Woodbine Avenue (i.e. east of the study area of the EA Study) are being planned

for future urban uses. In the December 9, 2014 City of Markham Development Services Committee Report,

staff provided an update on the “Future Urban Area – Conceptual Master Plan Process” (i.e. lands bounded

by Major Mackenzie Drive to the south, Woodbine Avenue / Hydro Corridor to the west, northerly City Limit /

Elgin Mills Road to the north and Robinson Creek to the east) (see Exhibit 3-2). As urban development

continues north of Elgin Mills Road, the plan for additional east-west linkages to support anticipated growth is



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being considered. Various transportation network scenarios will be developed and analyzed based on the

proposed land use identified in the Future Urban Area.

Town of Richmond Hill

West of Highway 404, lands are under the jurisdiction of the Town of Richmond Hill. In the northeast

quadrant of Elgin Mills Road and Leslie Street intersection, there are large stores uses such as Home

Depot, and Costco, as well as restaurants and medical buildings. Access to this development is from

Leslie Street and Elgin Mills Road, as well as from a local road – John Birchall Road (approximately

300 m east of Leslie Street and extend northerly from Elgin Mills Road).

The York Centre (a mental health services facility for children and families in York Region) is located at

11225 Leslie Street (approximately half way between 19th Avenue and Elgin Mills), on the east side of

Leslie Street.

Otherwise, lands in the Study Area within the Town of Richmond Hill are largely rural with some farming

operation. Future land uses are shown in the North Leslie Secondary Plan (Town of Richmond Hill Official

Plan 2010, As Partially Approved By Order of the Ontario Municipal Board July 4, 2014) which illustrates that

the land uses include a mix of retained natural heritage system, residential development and commercial

development in addition to the Richmond Green recreational facility and secondary school that also serves

residents in Markham (see Exhibit 3-3). Parts of this area are difficult to access and service with respect to

infrastructure due to the abundance of natural features associated with the Rouge River.

There are multiple active residential development applications for the North Leslie Secondary Plan that are

within the study area of the Class EA Study. The future residential subdivisions would include low and

medium density development (i.e. detached homes and townhouses). A draft Master Environmental

Servicing Plan (i.e. the assessment and planning in areas such as natural environment, cultural environment,

drainage, geotechnical, hydrogeology, noise, urban design guideline, etc.) has been prepared as part of the

development process and is currently being reviewed by relevant technical agencies including the Town of

Richmond Hill. As part of the EA Study, the Project Team met with relevant property owners and technical

agencies about progress of the North Leslie Secondary Plan in order to find a best balanced solution

between the proposed road crossing over Highway 404 and the future development in this Secondary Plan

area. Information in the draft Master Environmental Servicing Plan was reviewed by specialists on the

Project Team of the Class EA Study; relevant information has been taken into consideration in the respective

specialty areas.



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Exhibit 3-1: City of Markham Land Use – Official Plan Map 3 Land Use

Source: City of Markham Official Plan 2014 (Map 3 – Land Use)



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Exhibit 3-2: City of Markham Land use (Future Urban Area)

Source: City of Markham Development Services Committee Report – December 9, 2014

Exhibit 3-3: Town of Richmond Hill, North Leslie Secondary Plan Land Use

Source: Town of Richmond Hill Official Plan 2010, As Partially Approved By Order of the Ontario Municipal

Board July 4, 2014 (Schedule A)



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3.2 TRANSPORTATION

3.2.1 Existing Road Network

The existing road network in the Study Area consists of the following:

Elgin Mills Road – under the jurisdiction of York Region with up to 36 m right-of-way within the

Study Area (east of Woodbine Avenue, Elgin Mills Road is under the jurisdiction of the City of

Markham). Elgin Mills is a 4-lane urban road between Woodbine Bypass and Leslie Street. East

of Woodbine Bypass, Elgin Mills Road narrows to a 2-lane urban road. The roadway is illuminated

with a posted speed of 60 km/h. There are sidewalks on Elgin Mills Road through the residential

subdivision east of Woodbine Bypass. There is an interchange with Highway 404 on Elgin Mills

Road.

19th Avenue – under the jurisdiction of the City of Markham (east of Highway 404) and the Town

of Richmond Hill (west of Highway 404) with a 20-25 m right-of-way. 19th Avenue is a 2-lane rural

road with intermittent rural residential properties with direct access to the roadway. The roadway is

not illuminated with a posted speed of 60 km/h. There are no sidewalks on 19th Avenue.

19th Avenue crosses over Highway 404. A future interchange with Highway 404 is identified in the

York Region Transportation Master Plan (2009) although not yet a Regional road and still requiring

the start of an EA Study.

Woodbine Bypass – under the jurisdiction of York Region with up to 36 m right-of-way.

Woodbine Bypass is a 4-lane urban road from Major Mackenzie Drive and connects to Woodbine

Avenue approximately 1 km south of 19th Avenue. The roadway is illuminated with a posted speed

of 70 km/h. There are sidewalks on both sides of the roadway.

Woodbine Avenue – under the jurisdiction of the City of Markham with 24.5 m right-of-way

between Major Mackenzie Drive and approximately 1 km south of 19th Avenue, where Woodbine

Avenue connects with Woodbine Bypass; it is a parallel north-south facility to Woodbine Bypass.

Through this section of Woodbine Avenue, it is a 2-lane semi urban/rural road with on-street bike

lane on the east side (rural side) and sidewalk on the west side (urban side). The posted speed is

50 km/h. There are intermittent rural residential properties with direct access to Woodbine Avenue

on the east side, and on the west side are residential houses that are part of the Cathedral

Community with no direct access to Woodbine Avenue. There is no illumination through this

section of Woodbine Avenue. Approximately 1 km south of 19th Avenue, Woodbine Avenue

connects with Woodbine Bypass and continues northerly as Woodbine Avenue. This section of

Woodbine Avenue is a 2-lane rural road with no sidewalks but is illuminated. The posted speed is

80 km/h.

Leslie Street – under the jurisdiction of York Region with up to 43 m right-of-way. It is a 2-lane

rural road, except immediately north of Elgin Mills Road where it is a 4-lane urban road. A

sidewalk is provided on the east side where the road is urban (i.e. north of Elgin Mills Road),



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otherwise, there are no sidewalks on the road. There are intermittent rural residential property and

field accesses from Leslie Street. The roadway is not illuminated with a posted speed of 60 km/h.

3.2.2 Future Road Network

Planned improvements in the transportation network in the study area include the widening of Leslie Street

to 4 lanes, extension of Honda Boulevard to 19th Avenue and the 19th Avenue interchange with

Highway 404. Each will require EA studies prior to construction.

3.2.3 Transit

Currently, York Region Transit services the area north of Elgin Mills Road, west of Woodbine Avenue through

the operation of Route 224D which runs on Woodbine Bypass and Honda Boulevard (see Exhibit 3-4). York

Region Transit in continuing to expand services in new communities throughout the Region. New

communities are being established in the City of Markham and the Town of Richmond Hill within the study

area of the EA Study, and key destinations also include Richmond Green (recreational complex).

Exhibit 3-4: York Region Transit within Study Area

Class EA Study Area

Source: www.yorkregiontransit.com

3.2.4 Pedestrian and Cycling Facilities

Currently, the only pedestrian facilities are sidewalks that are provided on Woodbine Bypass, Honda

Boulevard, within the subdivision of Cathedral Town (and Elgin Mills Road), as well as a short section of

Leslie Street and Elgin Mills Road in the proximity of the Home Depot/Costco commercial plaza. Overall,



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there are limited pedestrian or cycling facilities on Elgin Mills Road, 19th Avenue, Woodbine Avenue and

Leslie Street.

York Region, the City of Markham and the Town of Richmond Hill are promoting the use of active

transportation through the planning and implementation of pedestrian and cycling facilities throughout the

Region. Within the study area, sidewalks are being proposed on both sides on Elgin Mills Road (a portion

of which has already been implemented as described in this section), and bike lanes are proposed on 19th

Avenue and Woodbine Avenue / Woodbine Bypass as part of the York Region Pedestrian and Trail Master

Plan (2008). City of Markham’s Pathways and Trails Master Plan (2009) also identified road cycling routes

on Woodbine Bypass and also within the local road network of the Highway 404 North Planning District,

such as Honda Boulevard and other future roads. In addition, Town of Richmond Hill’s Pedestrian and

Cycling Master Plan (2010) identified proposed bike lane on the proposed crossing of Highway 404 north

of Elgin Mills Road.

3.3 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

As part of the Highway 404 road crossing between Elgin Mills Road East and 19th Avenue Class EA Study,

the ecological implications of the proposed roadway were assessed. The first stage of this assessment

involved recording and documenting existing fish and fish habitat and terrestrial conditions, as

documented within Section 3.3 of the Environmental Study Report (ESR). This assessment incorporated a

comprehensive review of background information and multi-year (2013 to 2015) field studies. As outlined,

there were, however, several ‘Permission To Enter’ (PTE) restrictions that limited some of the field data

collection to a certain extent.

The background information encompassed database sources and agency input, as well as several existing

studies. Key among them were the thorough Master Environmental Servicing Plan (MESP) for North

Leslie Secondary Plan Area completed by The Municipal Infrastructure Group Ltd. (TMIG), Phase 1

(March 2012) and by Cole Engineering Group Ltd. (CEG) Phase 2 (August 2014). These studies include

the collection of natural environment field survey information within the Town of Richmond Hill, which

include the lands west of Highway 404 to Bayview Avenue, and south of 19th Avenue to Elgin Mills Road

East. At the time of preparation of this ESR, the final approval of the MESP is still pending.

Relevant portions of these natural environmental survey findings have been used as the primary source of

information for this Class EA, as requested by the reviewing agencies. Information was extracted from

these studies to cover the current study areas, between Highway 404 and Leslie Street and 19th Avenue to

Elgin Mills Road East. The above-noted PTE limitations meant that not all of the lands within the overall

study area were granted PTE during the three-year window of field study. At the time of preparation of this

ESR, the final approval of the MESP is still pending. Therefore, there are some elements that may still be

refined that could have specific implications on some of the recommendations.



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As defined in Section 1.1, the study area includes land within both the Town of Richmond Hill and the City

of Markham. Specific details about survey type and location (dependent on PTE) are described in

Section 3.3.1. Existing environmental designation areas are shown on Exhibit 3-5.

This information collected through review of background resources and field surveys was then used to

assess the potential impacts of the proposed improvements and develop preliminary mitigation

recommendations to minimize those impacts.

3.3.1 Review of Background Information and Field Review

Background information sources were reviewed to develop an understanding of the general character of the

natural features in the study area, identify potential constraints and sensitivities, and assess the general

connectivity of natural features in the study limits to features within the surrounding landscape. As noted,

the sources available in this case provided a solid understanding given the comprehensiveness of the

studies undertaken recently that encompassed this study area.

Background natural environment information collection included the following sources:

Topographic mapping and Google satellite mapping;

Liaison with the Aurora District Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) and Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) staff to gather and confirm existing natural environment information in the vicinity of the study area, including information concerning Species At Risk (SAR) presence / potential;

MNRF’s Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) database;

Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) SAR habitat mapping;

North Leslie Secondary Plan Area: MESP Phase 1 (The Municipal Infrastructure Group Ltd.; March, 2012), specifically Section 2: Natural Environment and Appendix A: Natural Environment and Natural Heritage System (Beacon Environmental Ltd.);

North Leslie Secondary Plan Area: MESP Phase 2 (Cole Engineering Group Ltd.; August, 2014), specifically Chapter 3: Environmental Study (Beacon Environmental Ltd.);

OPA 149 – Highway 404 North Secondary Plan Area (Cunningham Environmental Associates & SCS Consulting Group Ltd.; April, 2008 (Revised December 2010));

Aquatic Survey Approach

Aquatic surveys were conducted by MMM within the study area, as property access permitted, on June 13,

2013, December 2, 2014, June 24, 2015, and July 3, 2015. As outlined, the compiled background

information, and most particularly information detailed from the MESP (TMIG 2012), provided the basis for

the field surveys. As listed in Section 3.3.6, Species At Risk (SAR) information was obtained from a variety

of background information sources including personal communication with agency staff, MESP Phases 1 &

2 Reports, DFO’s Distribution of Fish SAR Mapping and the NHIC database.



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Field data collection focused on the stream reaches crossed by the alternative road alignments, with

general assessment up and downstream again subject to PTE, to provide context. Fish community

sampling was not undertaken as permission from the MNRF was not granted due to the presence of

sensitive aquatic species.

Habitat surveys were conducted within the road alignments of the alterative road right-of-way crossings, as

well as approximately 50 m to 100 m upstream and downstream of the crossings, where access was

permitted. Information collected encompassed the following aquatic habitat parameters:

Aquatic habitat mapping;

Channel dimensions, general gradient and profile, bank character (e.g. height and erosion);

General flow characteristics (permanent, intermittent, dry, pooling) including evidence of groundwater discharge;

General morphology (flats, pools, riffles);

Substrates;

Instream / overhead cover opportunities (e.g. woody debris, undercut banks, boulders, vegetation);

Riparian vegetation;

Physical barriers to fish movement;

Identification of potential critical or specialized habitat areas or features (e.g. potential spawning areas, nursery cover);

Observations of habitat alterations / land use (e.g. channel modification, potential pollutant point sources);

Potential habitat enhancement opportunities.

All crossings assessed were documented and photographs were taken. Refer to Appendix C for site

photographs; additional representative photographs are on file with MMM.

Vegetation Survey Approach

Vegetation surveys were conducted by MMM within the study area, as property access was permitted, on

June 13, 2013, July 10, 2014, and June 26, 2015. These surveys documented the characteristics of the

natural and culturally influenced vegetation communities occurring within the study area, with a focus on the

natural features along and adjacent to the alternative road alignments. Street trees and planted landscape

features were not assessed by the ecologists specifically during these field visits, but will be addressed by

the project landscape architects during detail design.

Vegetation field work and associated data assessment involved:

Preparing a working vascular plant species list;



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Classifying and mapping vegetation communities according to the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) System for Southern Ontario (Lee et. al., 1998). Where previous ELC mapping was documented by others, that information was reviewed and updated where property access was permitted (e.g., TMIG 2012, CEG 2015, Cunningham Environmental Associates 2010);

Evaluating the sensitivity and significance of vegetation species and vegetation communities using the MNRF’s NHIC database and SAR websites (updated periodically), the TRCA L Ranks (TRCA 2003 and TRCA 2010), the York Region rare species list from The Distribution and Status of the Vascular Plants of the Greater Toronto Area (Varga et al. 2000), and the Natural Heritage Resources of Ontario: Vegetation Communities of Southern Ontario (Bakowsky 1996);

Evaluating habitat potential for vegetation Species of Conservation Concern (SCC), and in particular, SAR known or thought to exist in the general vicinity of the study area; and

Noting general vegetation characteristics including age, general habitat features, drainage conditions, as well as any anthropogenic disturbance.

All terrestrial natural areas with landowner permission to access were documented and photographs were

taken. Refer to Appendix C for site photograph; additional representative photographs are on file with

MMM.

Wildlife Survey Approach

Wildlife surveys were conducted by MMM within the study area, as property access permitted, on June 13,

2013, June 17, 2015, and July 5, 2015. In 2013, property access was only available for portions of the

study area west of Highway 404; for the June 17, 2015 survey, property access was only available for the

southern edge of Wildlife Survey Unit (WSU) 1/ Woodlot 2 and WSU 4; and for the July 5, 2015 survey,

additional property access was granted for WSU 5, 6 and the SWM Pond. Targeted, species specific

surveys were not undertaken; however, Ecologists are trained to look for wildlife in appropriate habitats. All

wildlife sightings and wildlife signs, including browse, track / trails, scat, nests, burrows, tree cavities,

excavated holes and vocalizations were recorded during the field investigations, and habitat conditions

documented. Although PTE was limited both overall and to specific periods for field visits, field surveys of all

natural features within or adjacent to the proposed crossing locations were undertaken at least once. For

areas with no PTE on individual survey dates, surveys were completed from the nearest road.

An initial survey was conducted on June 13, 2013 to assess general wildlife and breeding birds and confirm

and/or update findings from the Phase 1 MESP (TMIG 2012). General wildlife surveys were completed in

combination with breeding bird surveys on June 17, 2015 and July 5, 2015.

Wildlife habitat features west of Highway 404 include: Woodlands 2 and 3 (WSU 1 and 2), and the riparian

corridor along Major Tributary 1-M (WSU 3 and 4); these features are part of the Rouge PSW Complex and

Greenbelt NHS. East of Highway 404, the wildlife habitat features are comprised of: the SWM Pond; a

small isolated patch of forest surrounded by agricultural fields and an active construction zone (WSU 5); a



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patch with a mixture of re-generating thicket, forest and cattail marsh (WSU 6); and a 10 m wide hedgerow

adjacent to the Honda facility (WSU 7).

Breeding bird surveys were undertaken by qualified, experienced staff, using protocols established in the

Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas (OBBA) (Cadman et.al. 2007; Bird Studies Canada 2001). The breeding bird

surveys were completed during appropriate weather conditions (low wind, no precipitation) and timing (two

visits during the breeding bird season, beginning at dawn). The study area was thoroughly surveyed using

wandering transects through or at the perimeter of features, with frequent listening / observation stops at

appropriate locations. All avifauna species and their abundance, location and level of breeding evidence

were recorded. Locations of species were noted according to Wildlife Survey Units (WSU 1-7 and SWM

Pond; see Exhibits 3-6a to 3-6e).

Wildlife field investigations also included assessing the various habitats present in relation to their potential

to support Species At Risk (SAR) and/or Species of Conservation Concern (SCC), as discussed further in

Section 3.3.6. For the purposes of this report, the term SAR refers to those species listed under the Species

at Risk Act (SARA) and/or listed on the Species At Risk in Ontario (SARO) List (Ontario Regulation 230/08)

and protected under Ontario’s Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA 2007). To further clarify, SAR includes

those species designated as Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern, under federal and provincial

legislation. The term SCC encompasses: both SAR and additional species designated by the Committee

on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) and/or species designated by the Committee

on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO), as well as provincially rare species (MNRF S-

Rank of S1 to S3), MNRF “Area Sensitive” species, and locally / regionally significant species (TRCA rank

of L1 to L3) and MNRF R-ranked species (Varga 2000 & 2002). Specific targeted surveys for SCC were

not undertaken as part of the project scope. Based on background information and existing habitat

characteristics, recommendations for targeted SCC surveys during the Detail design phase are discussed in

Section 6.2.2.3.

The wildlife survey results are presented by area (WSU 1-7 and SWM Pond) in Appendix C, and displayed

in Exhibits 3-6a to 3-6e.

3.3.2 Existing Conditions

Existing environmental designation areas are shown on Exhibit 3-5 and natural environmental features

(both aquatic and terrestrial) are shown on Exhibits 3-6a to 3-6e. In order to streamline the descriptions

of the natural features under existing conditions, this section is written with a focus in the context

of the conceptual corridor alternatives – see Section 5.1, Exhibits 5-2 to 5-4, namely Alternatives 1A,

1Bi and 1Bii (Northerly corridor) and Exhibit 5-5 Alternative 2 (Southerly corridor). The outlines of



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these alignment alternatives are also shown in Exhibits 3-5 and 3-6a to 3-6e for illustrative

purposes.

3.3.2.1 Environmental Designations

There are several environmental designations identified within the study area. A majority of these natural

features are located west of Highway 404, surrounding a broader landscape of predominately agricultural

fields. The natural features include wetlands, forests and riparian corridors around the watercourses. The

area east of Highway 404 is predominately an industrial landscape mixed with residential communities. The

Oak Ridge Moraine is located outside of the study area, north of 19th Avenue. A brief summary of identified

designations is provided in this section.

Rouge River Headwater Provincially Significant Wetland Complex (Rouge PSW Complex) – This wetland complex is associated primarily with headwater tributaries of the Rouge River. The portions of the Rouge River PSW Complex located within the study area are two ‘riverine’ wetland features associated with the two small streams that flow generally north-south through the west portion of the study area. The wetland components are referred to as Rouge PSW Complex Unit #33 and #34 on Exhibit 3-5. Their characteristics are described in Section 3.3.5.

Greenbelt Plan Area – The Greenbelt designation that encompasses the west portion study area is ‘Protected Countryside’. The Protected Countryside contains a “Natural System that provides a continuous and permanent land base necessary to support human and ecological health in the Greenbelt and beyond” (The Greenbelt Plan 2005). The Natural System designated as Protected Countryside within the study area consists of the lands surrounding the tributaries of Rouge River (Major Tributaries 1-M and 2-M) as well as the two Rouge PSW Complexes (Rouge PSW Complex #33 and #34) and Woodlots 2, 3, 8 and 9.

Natural Heritage System – The York Region Official Plan, the City of Markham Official Plan and Town of Richmond Hill Official Plan classify several features within the study area as part of a Natural Heritage System (NHS); these features are ultimately components of the Greenlands System. The components are the key natural heritage features and key hydrologic features. The municipal policies require that their form and functions be protected, and where possible, enhanced. The key features within the study area are: significant habitat of endangered species, threatened species and special concern species; fish habitat; wetlands; significant woodlands; significant wildlife habitat; permanent and intermittent streams; and seepage areas. The purpose of the Greenlands System policies are to maintain and enhance an interconnected system of natural open space, agricultural lands and enhancement areas and linkages that will preserve these areas of significant ecological value. In turn, these policies provide opportunities to improve biodiversity and connectivity of natural features as well as ecological function.

Rouge North Management Plan (2001) – The study area is situated in the western upper reaches of the Rouge North Management Plan area (Rouge Park 2001) and the Middle Reaches Study Area. The Rouge Park North designation is applied to lands in public ownership within the corridor of the Rouge River and its tributaries located within the Rouge Park North Study Area. These lands are managed by the municipality or Conservation Authority in consultation with the Rouge Park Alliance. As such, there should be ongoing consultation with TRCA during detail design to discuss the implications of the Rouge North Management Plan on the detail design.

Conservation Authorities Act (1990) - Portions of the lands in the study area are partially regulated by the TRCA under Ontario Regulation 166/06 – Regulation of Development, Interference with Wetlands and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses. The regulation limits are outlined



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on Exhibit 3-5. Generally, the regulation applies to the tributaries and wetland features present within the study area. To ensure that development has regard for natural hazard features and the natural environment, while conforming to watershed development policies, the TRCA is authorized under Section 28 of the Conservation Authorities Act to implement and enforce their own regulation. Under the regulation, no person shall undertake development or permit another person to undertake development in or on the areas within the jurisdiction of a Conservation Authority. A permit to undertake development within the regulated area may be granted by the governing Conservation Authority.

Fisheries Act (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1985) – The focus of the Fisheries Act is to protect

the productivity of recreational, commercial and Aboriginal fisheries by focusing protection on real and significant threats to the fisheries and the habitat that supports them. The Act sets clear standards and guidelines for routine projects. This applies to work being conducted in or near waterbodies that support fish that are part of or that support a commercial, recreational or Aboriginal fishery. All work proposed in or near watercourses in the study area should be reviewed in relation to the requirements of the Fisheries Act. Major Tributary (1-M) supports fish direct; Minor Tributaries (1-1 and 2-1) as well as Reach RR1-3 provide contributing habitat.

Endangered Species Act (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2007) –

Species at Risk (SAR) are species designated as Extirpated, Endangered (END), Threatened (THR) or Special Concern (SC) under the provincial Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA) and are protected through provisions of the designations. All species listed as SAR have protection from being killed, harmed, or harassed. Species listed as Endangered or Threatened also have habitat protection. This habitat protection is either “regulated” or “general” and is determined by the Committee on the Status for Species At Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) on a species by species basis and is published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) on their website and in regulations tied to the ESA. Major Tributary (1-M) supports Redside Dace (Clinostoma elongatus), a species listed as Endangered under the Act. Redside Dace are discussed further in Section 3.3.7.

3.3.3 Fisheries and Aquatic Habitat

The study area is located within portions of two catchment areas, one west of Highway 404 draining to

tributaries of the Rouge River, and the other, east Highway 404, draining to tributaries of Berczy Creek. As

outlined in Section 3.3.1, habitat surveys were conducted within as well as approximately 50 m to 100 m

upstream and downstream of the alternative road alignments of the tributaries. Habitat conditions are

described for each of the proposed crossing alternatives. The watercourse naming convention and detailed

reach naming convention for the tributaries of the Rouge River are consistent with that of the North Leslie

MESP (TMIG 2012).

3.3.3.1 Area in the Northerly Conceptual Corridor

The northerly alternative corridor (Alternatives 1A, 1Bi and 1Bii in Exhibits 5-2 to 5-4) crosses two

watercourses identified as reach RR1-3 and Major Tributary 1-M, which are located west of Highway 404 as

shown on Exhibits 3-6a – 3-6e. These alternatives cross Major Tributary 1-M on a slight skewed angle and

Tributary RR1-3 perpendicularly.



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Tributary RR1-3

This tributary of Rouge River consists of a north-south draining field swale that supports ephemeral flow fed

by surface runoff from adjacent farm fields. The crossing reach of RR1-3 is bound by active agricultural

fields on both the east and west, and riparian habitat consists of a 10 - 15 m wide hedgerow with a canopy

of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), ash (Fraxinus sp.), Basswood (Tilia sp.), and cultural meadow old field

species. Based on background information, RR1-3 supports an aquatic linkage to Rouge PSW Complex

Unit #32 upstream and through agricultural fields to Rouge PSW Complex #33 (TMIG 2012).

As RR1-3 approaches the north limit of Rouge PSW Complex Unit #34, it veers east along the wetland for

approximately 250 m to its outlet at a farm lane crossing. It flows through a concrete culvert under the farm

road crossing, eventually drains into Major Tributary 1-M approximately 30 m to the east. There is no

channel definition associated with the swale, and no flow was noted during MMM’s visit in June 2013 or

during Beacon’s assessment in May and November of 2011. The swale is an approximately 3 m wide band

of Reed-canary grass and other grasses between the riparian hedgerows.

Based on the general flow characteristics of RR1-3, it does not support direct fish habitat, however it would

be considered indirect habitat such that it contributes allochthonous inputs to fish habitat further

downstream (Major Tributary 1-M). Furthermore, this habitat is occupied by Redside Dace and regulated

under the ESA (2007). The proposed crossing alternatives traverse RR1-3 perpendicularly.

Major Tributary 1-M

The ‘major tributary of Rouge River’ consists of a north-south flowing watercourse that supports permanent

flow through the study area reaches. It originates within wetlands of the Oak Ridges Moraine north of 19th

Avenue and flows southerly into the study area, where it receives flows / allochthonous inputs from several

intermittent / ephemeral tributaries (RR1-3, 1-1, RR1a-2, RR1a-3, RR1a-1, RR2-1) as well as surface runoff

from the surrounding active agricultural fields. It outfalls to Major Tributary 2-M approximately 300 m

upstream of Elgin Mills Road. Habitat mapping completed by MMM in June, 2013, and the descriptions in

the section, encompass the reach south of the culvert crossing at 19th Avenue to the south to a point just

downstream of the concrete culvert that conveys the tributary under the farm lane (UTM 17T 629164E,

4863443N).

Immediately south of 19th Avenue, Major Tributary 1-M exhibits a low gradient channel with a relatively high

width to depth ratio. The wetted width of the channel averages 2 m and morphology is dominated by riffle /

pool / run complexes with depths ranging between 0.1 and 0.3 m. Bed substrate and bank materials

consist mainly of gravel, sand and clay. The banks are vegetated with old field / cultural meadow species

and are relatively low with only minor areas of erosion.



3-21

Instream cover is provided by pools and minor amounts of woody debris; no instream vegetation was noted

within this reach. The overhead canopy consists of Sugar Maple, willow and other deciduous trees, with an

understory consisting of buckthorn and hawthorns. A seasonal barrier resulting from a debris jam of leaf

litter and woody debris is present where a property line fence crosses the watercourse perpendicularly

(UTM 17T 629077E, 4863652N). Fish were noted throughout this reach.

Minor Tributary 1-1 (RR1-1) outfalls to Major Tributary 1-M approximately 130 m upstream of the Alignment

1A crossing, and approximately 150 m upstream of Alignment 1Bi and 1Bii.. Minor Tributary 1-1 is a small

ditch originating from drainage associated with a linear stormwater facility within the Highway 404 right-of-

way (TMIG 2012). Fish were noted in Minor Tributary 1-1.

Downstream of the Minor Tributary 1-1 (RR1-1) outfall, Major Tributary 1-M flows through a Reed Canary

Mineral Meadow Marsh community. Within this reach, the channel exhibits a low gradient channel with a

relatively low width to depth ratio. The wetted width of the channel averages 0.5 m and morphology is

dominated by pool / run complexes with depths ranging between 0.4 and 0.5 m. Substrate consists mainly

of silt, sand and clay with some gravel. The banks are vegetated with Reed Canary Grass and [are] almost

vertical with minor areas of erosion in the form of undercut banks. Instream cover is provided by pools and

overhanging vegetation; no instream vegetation was noted within this reach. The overhead canopy is

sparse, with occasional deciduous trees.

The northerly corridor (namely Alternatives 1A, 1Bi and 1Bii as shown in Exhibits 5-2 to 5-4) would cross

reach of Major Tributary 1-M which is located within active agricultural fields on both the east and west, with

broad bands of riparian habitat on both sides consisting of Dry-Moist Old Field Meadow community with

occasional deciduous trees. During the field survey in June 2013, a beaver dam was present at the

proposed crossing location, measuring approximately 1 m in width with a 0.5 m drop (UTM 17T 629147E,

629147N). As a result of the flow impoundment by the dam, channel characteristics were altered such that

immediately upstream of the dam the wetted width widened to 2 m for a section of the upstream reach.

Although beaver dams are transient in nature, the dam acts as a barrier to fish movement upstream at

present, impounding flow and capturing sediment / downstream moving bedload. No fish were observed

within this reach.

Downstream of the beaver dam, Major Tributary 1-M continues through a Reed Canary Mineral Meadow

Marsh community. The channel characteristics are similar to those of the upstream narrow reach with

respect to dimensions, morphology, substrates, banks and riparian cover. As Major Tributary 1-M flows

through the concrete culvert at a farm road crossing (associated with the RR1-3 outfall as described in this

section), the channel widens at the inlet and outlet (1.5 – 2 m). Substrates are dominated by clay, muck,

sand and silt. The channel exhibits a low gradient and a high width to depth ratio. The banks are vegetated



3-22

with grasses and riparian cover is provided by willow thickets. No fish were observed within this reach and

no barriers to fish movement were noted.

Based on background information, the permanency of the watercourse, and the observation of fish by MMM

in June, 2012, Major Tributary 1-M does support direct fish habitat and as noted, is regulated and managed

by MNRF as occupied habitat for Redside Dace. MNRF emphasized during meetings that the study

reaches are part of a habitat zone extending from Stouffville Road to Major MacKenzie that is considered to

support a “stronghold population” of Redside Dace; these reaches have been identified as a Conservation

Reserve in the Rouge River Fish Management Plan (2011 working draft). MNRF has not provided

information about the distribution of Redside Dace or relative habitat quality within this broader zone.

Tributary of Berczy Creek

A small portion of the tie-in connection in the southwest quadrant of 19th Avenue and Woodbine Avenue

falls within TRCA’s regulated area for the West Tributary of Berczy Creek. It appears that the tributary runs

north along the east ditch line of Woodbine Avenue from where it then crosses into the study area

approximately 200 m north of the tie-in connection. Although the tie-in connection lies within the regulatory

area and presumably supports local hydrologic features, it does not support direct fish habitat within the

study area. Since the tributary lies with the study area, field survey or habitat mapping was completed.

In addition, a small portion of the tie-in connection between the Alternative 1Bii and Woodbine Avenue in

the City of Markham falls within TRCA’s regulated area for a tributary to the West Tributary of Berczy Creek.

Based on aerial mapping, information in the Highway 404 North Secondary Plan Area (Cunningham

Environmental Associates 2010), as well as confirmation from MMM field survey, a small wetland feature

(Cattail Mineral Marsh) is present within the study area along the east edge of the alternative crossing

location. This feature was surveyed to assess potential connectivity with the tributary east of Woodbine

Avenue.

During the field survey in July, 2015, there appeared to be no direct connection with the Cattail Mineral

Marsh and the culvert at Woodbine Avenue. Minor flow was observed to be coming from behind the

property to the south (not associated with the Cattail Mineral Marsh); as access to that property was not

granted, the origin could not be determined. Flow moves in a northeast direction along a 0.45 m wetted

wide, cattail choked channel, with a wetted depth at the time of survey measuring 0.05. Substrates consist

of muck, detritus and sand. However, the flow quickly dissipated approximately 10 m from the south edge

of the property into the surrounding Dry Moist Old Field Meadow community.

At the Woodbine Avenue crossing, the end of a semi-crushed CSP was identified on the west. Standing

water was present in the form of a pool 2 m x 3 m and 0.1 m deep during the June 24 and July 3 surveys.

Substrates are predominately sand and gravel and the water was cloudy; no instream vegetation was



3-23

present. Along the east side of the road, a series of in-tact gabion baskets have been placed parallel to the

road, within the embankment, however a culvert was not evident. There was a pool of water approximately

2 m x 2 m and 0.4 m deep along the face of the gabion baskets, that would appear to reflect the flow path of

this drainage feature. Substrates consist of mainly sand with some muck and organic matter. Abundant

instream vegetation was present consisting of submergent plants and some filamentous algae.

This stagnant pool appears to be connected to a large Cattail Mineral Marsh community which continues to

the east of the crossing. According to mapping and Cunningham Environmental Associates (2010), the

wetland connects to the West Tributary of Berczy Creek. The area beyond the right-of-way was not

assessed by MMM as this was beyond the study area and PTE was not granted. However, Cunningham

Environmental Associates (2010) states that this tributary and the West Tributary of Berczy Creek are

intermittent watercourses that are managed as coldwater and are contributing habitat to Redside Dace

(which are found in main Berczy Creek).

Numerous fish fry, tadpoles, fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae) and bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) were

observed within the pool on the east side of Woodbine Avenue during MMM survey on July 3, 2015. It

appears that when the gabion baskets were installed, the culvert was not replaced, so there is no longer a

drainage connection to the west side of Woodbine Avenue. Cunningham Environmental Associates (2010)

also indicated that the wetland feature (identified as the Cattail Mineral Marsh within the parcel of land west

of the Woodbine Avenue) is classified as a Class 2 feature with no permanent water or fish and does not

provide fish habitat. Based on these observations, there is no fish use present within the study area.

However, during rain events, there may be some flow inputs to reaches east of the study area via the

culvert and through the gabions at Woodbine Avenue.

3.3.3.2 Area in the Southerly Conceptual Corridor

The southerly conceptual corridor (Alternative 2 in Exhibit 5-1) crosses Major Tributary 1-M (reaches RR1a

and RR2) located west of Highway 404, refer to Exhibits 3-6a – 3-6e. The alternative road alignment

crosses Major Tributary 1-M on a slight skewed angle.

Reach RR1-a within Major Tributary 1-M

As discussed above, this permanently flowing tributary of the Rouge River flows north-south through the

study area. It receives flows / allochthonous inputs from several intermittent / ephemeral tributaries (RR1a-

3, RR1a-1, RR2-1), as well as runoff from the surrounding active agricultural fields, before converging with

Major Tributary 2-M approximately 300 m upstream of Elgin Mills Road East. Habitat mapping by MMM in

June, 2015, and the descriptions in this section, includes the reach east of Woodlot 3 (RR1-a), southerly, to

100 m downstream of the Alternative 2 crossing location (RR2). Within the entire assessed reach, flow was

turbid.



3-24

As the watercourse flows south along the edge of Woodlot 3 (see Exhibit 3-6b), it receives drainage from a

wetland associated with a Mineral Cultural Woodland community as well as an ephemeral tributary (RR1a-

1). During the June 24, 2015 field survey, standing water measuring 0.2 m deep was observed within this

community. Numerous tadpoles and fish fry were also observed. Substrates are dominated by muck,

organic matter and some silt and instream cover was provided by small woody debris and filamentous

algae.

Along the main reach of RR1-a, the channel exhibits a low gradient and a relatively low width to depth ratio.

The wetted width of the channel averaged 1 m at the time of survey. Morphology is predominantly pools

and runs, with wetted depths ranging between 0.3 and 0.6 m deep at the time of survey. Substrates and

bank materials consist mainly of silt, sand and clay with some gravel. The banks are vegetated with Reed

Canary Grass and are almost vertical with minor areas of erosion. Instream cover is provided by pools and

minor amounts of woody debris. Abundant fish fry were noted through this reach.

The watercourse veers slightly to the east to drain through a Willow Mineral Deciduous Swamp community

where it widens out substantially as a result of a beaver dam (UTM 17T 629314E, 4863137N;

approximately 50 m upstream from the Alternative 2 crossing). It appears the beaver dam has flooded out

the riparian vegetation immediately upstream so that the channel exhibits a high width to depth ratio and

shallow slopping banks consisting of muck and silt. Substrates consist of muck, silt and some gravel.

Instream cover is provided by small woody debris; no instream vegetation was noted. The overhead

canopy was moderate and dominated by willow species. Although beaver dams are transient in nature, the

dam acts as a barrier to fish movement upstream presently, and impounds flow and captures bedload. The

impounding also appears to have widened the natural channel.

Immediately downstream of the beaver dam, the channel narrows substantially and riparian cover becomes

more open. The channel exhibits a tighter width to depth ratio through the Reed Canary Grass Mineral

Meadow Marsh community for approximately 50 m, along the reach located immediately upstream of the

Alternative 2 crossing. The wetted width of the channel averaged 0.75 m at the time of the June 24, 2015

survey. Morphology is predominately runs / pools. Substrates consist of gravel and silt with some muck and

detritus. The wetted depth averaged 0.3 deep with steep banks vegetated with Reed Canary Grass. Minor

erosion in the form of undercut banks is present. Instream cover is provided by submergent grasses, pools

and overhanging vegetation.

Fish fry were observed throughout and there were no barriers to fish movement noted.

Reach RR2 within Major Tributary 1-M

As the channel continues south, a damaged concrete culvert supporting a narrow farm lane has blocked

stream flow and impounds it upstream. The majority of the flow drains around the culvert across the farm



3-25

lane, as described as follows. Alternative 2 crosses Major Tributary 1-M at this location, and is used as the

reach break between RR1-a (terminates) and RR2 (begins). This has resulted in the creation of two

permanent barriers to fish movement upstream, consisting of two drops within the channel each of

approximately 0.5 m in height with a pool separating the two. The left bank exhibits active erosion. The

overhead canopy cover is moderate and consisted of mainly willow species.

Immediately downstream of the collapsed farm lane culvert, RR2 continues as a low gradient channel,

however it exhibits a high width to depth ratio as compared to the reach further upstream of the

Alternative 2 crossing. The wetted width of the channel averaged 2 – 2.5 m at the time of survey.

Morphology is dominated by runs / riffles, with wetted depths ranging between 0.2 and 0.4 m deep.

Substrates consist mainly of coarse materials such as gravel, cobble with occasional boulders, muck and

silt.

The banks are vegetated with Reed Canary Grass, old field meadow species and some scattered trees.

The left bank was steep with areas of erosion noted throughout. The overhead canopy is moderate and

dominated by green ash and silver maple. Approximately 20 m downstream of the collapsed culvert, an

intermediate tributary, Minor Tributary 2-1 (RR2-1), outfalls to Major Tributary 1-M.

This tributary appears to originate from a stormwater management pond outflow channel east of Highway

404 and drains west into the study area. It is confined between agricultural fields to the north and south

and consists of a dense cattail swale. Flowing water was noted within the channel at the time of survey,

and baitfish were noted approximately 5 m from the confluence point with Major Tributary 1-M. Flow was

clear, a unique condition of all of the watercourses during the various field surveys. Downstream of RR2-1,

Major Tributary 1-M exhibited the same general channel characteristics as described upstream of the

confluence point. Baitfish and fish fry were noted throughout the downstream reach, and no other fish

barriers were observed.

3.3.4 Fish Community

As discussed in Section 3.3.1, no fish sampling was conducted by MMM for this Class EA. MNRF staff had

indicated that there was fish community data available from background resources and more specifically

that no sampling was permitted in watercourses identified as occupied Redside Dace habitat (e.g. any

watercourses within the Class EA study area). The North Leslie lands have a long history of anticipated

development, and as such, there have been a series of studies completed as part of the North Leslie

Development Process. The fish community information presented in Table 3-1 and the following is a

summary of species listed in the MESP Phase 1 (TMIG 2012). It is a compilation of older data from

background resources, specifically, electrofishing surveys completed in 1993 by Dillon Consulting at

watercourses along Elgin Mills Road East, and in 1996 and 2003 (data collected by unknown authors) at



3-26

Minor Tributary 2-1 and 2-2 (both west of this Class EA study area), and in Major Tributary 1-M including

Minor Tributary 1-1. As indicated by Beacon (TMIG 2012), Redside Dace was captured in some of these

watercourses (locations not specified) and as such no further electrofishing surveys were conducted at the

request of MNRF.

Included within Table 3-1, are also fish community data identified in the Lands Information of Ontario (LIO)

Database (retrieved by MMM on July 21, 2015). The list of species generated from the database appears

to be a summary of all fish species within the tributary of the Rouge River and presumably in portions

surrounding the study area (e.g. not specific to a particular watercourse). Also included within Table 3-1, is

a list of species identified as present within the West Tributary of Berczy Creek.

Again, it should be noted that the list of species in Table 3-1 represents a compilation of species from all

sampling within all the watercourses noted above, and are not specific to any particular watercourse or the

study area reaches per se.

Table 3-1: Fish Species Identified in the Study Area

Common Name Species Name Tributaries of

Rouge River

West Tributary of

Berczy Creek2

American Brook Lamprey Lampetra appendix X1,2

Blacknose Dace Rhinichthys atratulus X1,2 X

Bluntnose Minnow Pimephales notatus X2 X

Brassy Minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni X2

Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans X1,2

Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis X1,2

Common Shiner Luxilus cornutus X1,2

Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus X1,2 X

Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas X1 X

Goldfish Carassius auratus X

Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum X1 X



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Common Name Species Name Tributaries of

Rouge River

West Tributary of

Berczy Creek2

Longnose Dace Rhinichthys cataractae X1,2

Mottled Sculpin Cottus bairdii X2

Rainbow Darter Etheostoma caeruleum X1,2

Redbelly Dace Chrosomus eos X1 X

Redside Dace Clinostomus elongatus X1,2 X

Rock Bass Ambloplites rupestris X2

Tadpole Madtom Noturus gyrinus X2

White Sucker Catostomus commersonii X1,2

1 Source: (TMIG 2012) 2 Source: LIO Database (2011)

Most of the fish species identified are associated with cool / warmwater thermal regimes, with the

exception of Brook Trout, American Brook Lamprey and Mottled Sculpin, which are associated with

coldwater habitat conditions. The coldwater species, and some of the coolwater species such as Redside

Dace and Rainbow Darter, are more sensitive to disturbances such as changes to turbidity, temperature

and other water quality and habitat parameters.

During MMM’s field survey in June, 2015, abundant fish fry (species unknown) were noted throughout

Major Tributary 1-M (RR1-a and RR2) and Minor Tributary 2-1 (RR2-1), as well as several baitfish

(including darters). Given these observations, it is assumed that some portions of these reaches support

spawning / rearing habitat for various bait / forage fish, as well as general foraging habitat.

3.3.5 Vegetation and Flora

On the west side of Highway 404, natural vegetation communities are primarily associated with the

tributaries of the Rouge River, and two forested wetlands (Rouge PSW Complex Unit #33 and #34).

These natural features are located within a matrix of agricultural fields with intervening hedgerows. East of

Highway 404, natural vegetation communities are primarily limited to an upland deciduous forest (FOD5-1:

Sugar Maple Deciduous Forest), a small, narrow deciduous forest fragment, and a cultural woodland and

cultural meadow mosaic with a small cattail marsh. The remaining lands are transitioning from a former

agriculture land use to urban development, with some remnant hedgerows. Some early successional



3-28

meadows are also present on lands that are undergoing development (e.g. they have been graded and left

fallow for a few years).

Details of the vegetation species and communities in the study area are presented in the following

sections, and detailed in Appendix C.

Flora Overview

A vascular plant species checklist of the species recorded during MMM’s surveys is provided in

Appendix C, Table 1. In addition, a copy of the species list compiled by Beacon during their investigations

for the North Leslie MESP (TMIG 2012) is also provided in Appendix C (entitled Appendix A-1a-Floral

Inventory). Based on the information gathered through MMM field surveys conducted in 2013, 2014 and

2015, a total of 105 plant species have been identified by MMM within the study area. Four additional

records were identified to genus only.

Of the 105 species recorded by MMM, 40 (38%) are non-native species. Many of these non-native

species are typical of old field and disturbed areas. All of the native species have a provincial ranking of

S4 or S5 (apparently secure (S4) or secure (S5) in Ontario).

Of the two datasets of native species recorded during MMM’s and/or Beacon’s (TMIG 2012) field surveys,

29 are considered locally rare (L1 to L3) in TRCA’s jurisdiction (per TRCA 2003) and/or regionally rare [per

MNRF (Varga 2000 and 2002)]. These species are listed and locations are described in Section 3.3.6.

Vegetation Communities Overview

Vegetation communities on the west side of Highway 404 mapped by Beacon (TMIG 2012) were updated

to reflect some minor changes based on MMM’s field work. Vegetation communities on the east side of

Highway 404 where property access was not available were mapped by MMM based on field

investigations and background information for sites (Cunningham Environmental Associates 2010).

Twenty-one vegetation community types as classified by the ELC system were delineated within the study

area, as shown in Exhibits 3-6a – 3-6e.

None of these community types are provincially rare (Bakowsky 1996). TRCA (2010) ranks nine of the

communities as L5 (generally secure throughout the jurisdiction, including the urban matrix), 11 as L4

(generally secure in the rural matrix, of concern in urban matrix) and one as L+ (exotic). The 21

community types delineated in the study area are listed below followed by the corresponding TRCA L

rank.

CUM1-1 – Dry-Moist Old Field Meadow (L5)

CUP3 – Coniferous Plantation (L5)



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CUT1 – Mineral Cultural Thicket (L5)

CUT1-5 – Raspberry Cultural Thicket (L4)

CUW1 – Mineral Cultural Woodland (L4)

FOC4-1 – Fresh-Moist White Cedar Coniferous Forest (L4)

FOD5-1 – Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple Deciduous Forest (L5)

FOD5-2 – Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple-Beech Deciduous Forest (L5)

FOD5-4 – Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple – Ironwood Deciduous Forest (L5)

FOD7-2 – Fresh-Moist Green Ash Lowland Deciduous Forest (L5)

FOD8-1 – Fresh-Moist Poplar Deciduous Forest (L5)

FOM2-2 – Dry-Fresh White Pine-Hardwood Mixed Forest (L4)

FOM7-2 – Fresh-Moist White Cedar-Hardwood Mixed Forest (L4)

MAM2-10 – Forb Mineral Meadow Marsh (L5)

MAM2-2 – Reed Canary Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh (L+)

MAS2-1 – Cattail Mineral Shallow Marsh (L4)

SWD2-2 – Green Ash Mineral Deciduous Swamp (L4)

SWD3-2 – Silver Maple Mineral Deciduous Swamp (L4)

SWD4-1 – Willow Mineral Deciduous Swamp (L4)

SWM1-1 – White Cedar-Hardwood Mineral Mixed Swamp (L4)

SWT2-2 – Willow Mineral Thicket Swamp (L4)

A description of the vegetation communities crossed by or within approximately 100 m of the proposed

crossings is provided as follows.

Woodland 2

This woodland is almost exclusively composed of White Cedar-Hardwood Mineral Mixed Swamp (SWM1-

1) with a small Reed Canary Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM-2-2), and a narrow band of Fresh-Moist

White Cedar-Hardwood Coniferous Forest (FOM7-2) along the eastern perimeter. The wetland

communities are part of Rouge PSW Complex Unit #33.

The unit is dominated by mid-aged to mature Eastern White Cedar with Green Ash, American Elm and

Trembling Aspen. Common Buckthorn was common along the edges of the unit and was also scattered

within the unit. A relatively high diversity of fern and sedge species was present Spinulose Woodfern,

Lady Fern, Sensitive Fern, Bulblet Fern, Ostrich Fern and Clinton’s Fern (TMIG 2012).

Woodland 3

This feature is composed of Silver Maple Mineral Deciduous Swamp (SWD3-2), White Cedar-Hardwood

Mineral Mixed Swamp (SWM1-1), Fresh-Moist White Cedar Coniferous Forest (FOC4-1), Green Ash



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Mineral Deciduous Swamp (SWD2-2), Fresh-Moist Poplar Deciduous Swamp (FOD8-1), Fresh Moist

Green Ash Lowland Deciduous Forest (FOD7-2), and Cultural Woodland (CUW1), and Willow Mineral

Deciduous Swamp (SWD4-1). The wetland communities are part of Rouge PSW Complex Unit #34.

This unit is composed of mid-aged to mature forest with Silver Maple, Bur Oak, Ironwood, American

Beech, Reddish Willow, White Birch and Green Ash. The ground flora contains Scouring Rush, Poison Ivy

and a diversity of ferns and sedges (similar to Woodland 2) (TMIG 2012).

Major Tributary 1-M (RR1) – in the vicinity of the northerly crossing locations; approximately 500 m south

of 19th Avenue

This area is crossed by the northerly conceptual corridor approximately 500 m south of 19th Avenue. This

is approximately 60 m wide vegetation corridor that encompasses the approximately 30 m wide band of

riparian and wetland vegetation along Major Tributary 1-M (RR1). It is composed of Reed Canary Grass

Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) adjacent to the watercourse, with Cultural Meadow (CUM1-1) on either

side. There is also a small Willow Mineral Thicket community (SWT2-2) in the southern limit of this

segment.

The Reed Canary Grass Meadow Marsh is dominated by Reed Canary Grass with Canada Anemone,

Field Horsetail, Orange Jewelweed, Purple-stemmed Goldenrod and Spotted Joe-pye Weed. Shrubs and

small trees are scattered throughout and include a diversity of willows (e.g., Peach-leaved Willow, Heart-

leaved Willow, Pussy Willow, Sandbar Willow, Meadow Willow), Trembling Aspen, Common Buckthorn

and Red Osier Dogwood. The adjacent Cultural Meadow is composed of common species typical of

disturbed habitats.

Major Tributary 1-M (RR1a) – in the vicinity of the southerly crossing location; approximately 1 km south

of 19th Avenue

This area is crossed by the southerly crossing concept; approximately 1 km south of 19th Avenue and

includes the zone within approximately 100 m north and 100 m south of the crossing locations. This area

includes Reed Canary Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2), Cultural Meadow (CUM1-1), Cultural Woodland

(CUW1), and Willow Mineral Deciduous Swamp (SWD4-1).

The Reed Canary Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh community comprises the riparian vegetation along both

sides of Major Tributary 1-M. It is dominated by Reed Canary Grass with frequent Water Smartweed,

Field Horsetail, Spotted Joe-pye Weed, Orange Jewelweed, Canada Anemone, Fringed Loosestrife,

Purple-stemmed Aster, and Small-fruit Bulrush. This unit also has a Narrow-leaved Sedge Mineral

Meadow Marsh (MAM2-5) inclusion that was dominated by Woolly Sedge. There was also one small



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stand of Common Reed (~5m x 5m), an aggressive invasive species, near the south end of this unit on the

west side of the watercourse (UTM 17T 629345E, 4863075N).

The Cultural Meadow on the west side of the watercourse has developed on recently cleared land. There

were several buildings at this location that were removed and the ground was leveled. The vegetation on

this site is composed of common, disturbance tolerant species.

The Cultural Woodland is primarily composed of Black Walnut with White Cedar along the eastern edge.

A few Norway Maple are present upslope close to the abandoned residence. The understory is sparse

with some Green Ash saplings, Red-berried Elderberry and Choke Cherry. The ground flora is primarily

composed of Orange Jewelweed, White Avens, Field Horsetail, Lance-leaf Aster, Thicket Creeper, Tall

Goldenrod and Wild Mock-cucumber. There are also a few large patches of Japanese Knotweed, an

invasive species, near the abandoned house, along the northern edge of the unit and a few patches

scattered throughout.

The Willow Mineral Deciduous Swamp is composed of mid-aged and mature White Willow, Black Walnut,

and Silver Maple, with Green Ash abundant in the sub-canopy. The understory is primarily composed of

Green Ash and Common Buckthorn. The ground flora is primarily composed of Orange Jewelweed, Field

Horsetail, Tall Buttercup, Herb-robert, Enchanter’s Nightshade, Canada Anemone, with Forget-me-not

abundant along the watercourse edge.

Woodland 13

This is a very small remnant woodland located on the east side of Highway 404. Property access was not

permitted during MMM’s field surveys. Field investigations were previously completed in this feature by

Cunningham Environmental Associates (2010) and it was classified as a Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple-Ironwood

Deciduous Forest (FOD5-4). It was described as a “small upland stand of hardwoods dominated by sugar

maple and ironwood. Other woody associated included scattered white pine, white elm, black cherry, and

basswood, with a shrub stratum of choke cherry, common buckthorn and wild red raspberry. The sparse

groundcover contained enchanters nightshade, wild sarsaparilla and blue cohosh” (page 29, Cunningham

Environmental Associates 2010). Since the time of this survey, the northern half of this unit has been

removed for development.

Cultural Woodland / Cultural Meadow / Cattail Shallow Marsh

This unit corresponds with WSU 6, between Honda Boulevard and Woodbine Avenue Bypass. It includes

a Cultural Woodland (CUW1) that is composed of a stand of primarily planted non-native trees and is

dominated by Little-leaf Linden with occasional White Poplar and White Elm. There is also a Cultural



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Meadow (CUM1-1) that includes scattered trees and shrubs of Norway Maple, Green Ash, Manitoba

Maple, Trembling Aspen, Common Buckthorn and Chokecherry. The Cultural Meadow ground flora was

primarily composed of Smooth Brome, Tall Goldenrod, Yellow Bedstraw, Kentucky Bluegrass, Tufted

Vetch, Timothy and Tall Buttercup. There is also a small Cattail Shallow Marsh (MAS2-1) towards the

east side of this unit that is dominated by Broad-leaved Cattail.

3.3.6 Wildlife

Habitat features present within the study area and broader landscape include urban / sub-urban

environments, agricultural fields, semi-natural vegetation features (e.g., cultural meadows, thickets and

hedgerows) and natural vegetation features (e.g., riparian corridor, forested areas); however, the

landscape is dominated by urban / sub-urban and agricultural land uses. Habitats within the study area

show varying levels of human maintenance and history, providing habitat conditions that are more

dynamic in nature, as regenerating areas advance in age, or are periodically managed. The suite of

wildlife species typically found in such habitats is usually ‘opportunistic’, typical of open field habitats and

smaller, more isolated natural / semi-natural forest patches. The portion of the study area west of Highway

404 contains more natural habitat features, while the area east of Highway 404 is more developed (Honda

and Enbridge facilities).

A total of 52 wildlife species were observed directly or identified indirectly through sign (e.g., auditory,

track evidence) during MMM’s field investigations (2013 and 2015), and an additional six species were

observed by Beacon in 2011 (grand total 2011-2015 = 58 species). The observed wildlife species were

made up of 45 birds, four amphibians and nine mammals. These species are listed in Appendix C,

Table 3 and discussed in the subsequent sections.

Two SAR birds were recorded, Barn Swallow (Riparia riparia) and Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus

virens), as discussed as follows. All other wildlife species recorded are considered common or secure /

apparently secure (S-Ranks of S5, S5B, S5N, S4, or S4B).

A key Significant Wildlife Habitat feature in WSU 1 is the heronry, which was found to contain 62 Great

Blue Heron nests in 2014 (CEG 2014). The heronry and appropriate buffers are discussed further in this

section, and in Section 6.2.2.5.3. No other Significant Wildlife Habitat features were identified by MNRF or

confirmed in the field, however, potential for at least one other is noted in this section.

Other notable wildlife habitat features include:

Two beaver dams: one located in WSU 3 near the Alternative 1A, 1Bi and 1Bii crossing of Major Tributary 1-M and one 50 m upstream of the Alternative 2 crossing of Major Tributary 1-M. The dam in WSU 3 appeared to be non-active during 2015 field investigations;



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Potential SAR bat roosting and/or maternity colony habitat in WSU 4, consisting of a barn, abandoned house and riparian forest area (although none were observed during the field surveys, it is possible that tree cavities are present). If habitat use by bats was confirmed in accordance with MNRF’s definitions4, such habitat would be considered Significant Wildlife Habitat;

Rock / concrete debris piles and abandoned structures in WSU 4 that provide suitable habitat for Milksnake; however, no potential reptile hibernacula features were observed;

A pair of Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) seen perched in the same location (northern edge of WSU 4) during the two 2015 field surveys. No stick nests were observed, but it is likely they are nesting nearby; and,

Small cattail marsh in WSU 6 and vernal pools / forested swamp in WSU 1 and 2 that are suitable for amphibian breeding habitat.

Birds

Birds species recorded in the study area are typical and commonly found in forest edge, agricultural,

cultural meadow and urban / semi-urban areas. Most of the recorded bird species are tolerant of urban /

semi-urban disturbance, such as American Robin (Turdus migratorius), Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile

atricapillus), American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis), Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) and European

Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Other species observed are associated with wetland, marsh and riparian

habitats, including Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Willow Flycatcher (Agelaius phoeniceus)

and Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas).

The greatest avian diversity was found in WSU 4 with 26 species; this is expected given the mixture

habitats, including riparian forest and meadow, adjoining woodland (connected with WSU 1), and open /

regenerating areas surrounding the abandoned farmhouse.

Two of the birds recorded are deemed “area sensitive” by the MNRF (2000): White-breasted Nuthatch

(Sitta carolinensis), found in WSU 6, and Savanah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), found in the

agricultural fields surround WSU 5 and 7.

Two SAR birds, Barn Swallow and Eastern Wood-Pewee, were recorded by both Beacon in 2011 and

MMM in 2013 and 2015. Barn Swallows were seen foraging in agricultural fields throughout the study

area and 13 nests were found in the barn located in WSU 4 (UTM 17T 629297E, 4863016N); this barn is

within approximately 50 m of the Alternative 2 road alignment. Eastern Wood-pewee was detected with a

4 Significant Wildlife Habitat (SWH) is defined as >10 Big Brown Bats or >5 Silver-Haired bats found roosting in a tree cavity or structure. However, if 1 SAR bat was identified in a tree cavity or structure, then most likely that habitat would be classified as SAR habitat and not SWH.



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‘Probable’ level of breeding evidence in the wooded area at the southern edge of WSU 4 and in the largest

woodland (WSU 1).

The study area has a low to reasonable potential for supporting a number of other SAR birds; potential for

SAR is assessed further in the habitat screening as discussed in Section 3.3.6.

Mammals

Six mammal species were recorded by MMM in 2013 and 2015 and additional three species were

recorded by Beacon (TMIG 2012): Beaver (Castor canadensis, non-active dam in 2015), Coyote (Canis

latrans), Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus), Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Meadow Jumping

Mouse (Zapus hudsonius), Woodland Jumping Mouse (Napaeozapus insignis), Raccoon (Procyon lotor),

Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Habitat conditions are likely to support a number of other mammal species commonly found in this region,

Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), Striped Skunk

(Mephitis mephitis), Woodchuck (Marmota monax), and small mammals such as Meadow Vole (Microtus

pennsylvanicus), White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and Deer Mouse (Peromyscus

maniculatus).

None of the recorded mammal species are SCC and all have a provincial S-Rank of 5 (Secure). The study

area has potential to support SAR mammals, including Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) and Northern

Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis), as discussed further in Section 3.3.6.

Herpetiles

The woodlands found in the study area (WSU 1 and 2) are part of the Rouge PSW Complex and contain

vernal pools that provide suitable amphibian breeding habitat. The floodplain areas surrounding Major

Tributary 1-M, as well as a small marsh in WSU 6 also have potential to support common amphibian

species. During the amphibian calling surveys undertaken by Beacon (TMIG 2012), three amphibian

species were recorded in the study area: American Toad (Bufo americanus) Western Chorus Frog

(Pseudacris triseriata) and Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica). Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) was seen

by MMM in WSU 6. Given the habitat conditions, it is likely that two other species commonly found in this

region are present: Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans) and Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer).

No snake or turtle species were recorded by Beacon or MMM during field surveys. However, the study

area and broader landscape habitats provide potential to support common reptile species, including

Eastern Gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis), Dekay’s Brownsnake (Storeria dekayi) and Red-bellied

Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata).



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One herpetile SAR was confirmed in the study area: Western Chorus Frog (Great Lakes / St. Lawrence -

Canadian Shield population) was heard in reach RR-1 and is designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and

protected under SARA (Schedule 1). In addition, the habitats within the study area and broader landscape

could potentially support several herpetile SAR: Eastern Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis sauritus), Milksnake

(Lampropeltis triangulum), and Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentine), as discussed further in

Section 3.3.6.

3.3.7 Designated Natural Features and Species of Conservation Concern

Prior to field surveys, a list of SCC with potential to be present within the study area was generated by

compiling a ‘long list’ of SCC known to be present in the general vicinity based on background resources

(e.g., previous reports from the area, NHIC records, MNRF Regional SAR species lists and MNRF / TRCA

consultation). This long list was then screened in relation to the habitats present in the study area to

exclude those species with no potential to be present. Observations by MMM during 2013, 2014 and 2015

either confirmed presence of these SCC and/or augmented the list. SCC that were not confirmed, but for

which study area habitats provided potential, were also noted.

All SCC found during the field surveys were recorded and are listed in this section.

SCC Confirmed in the Area

Field surveys by MMM in 2013, 2014 and 2015, and Beacon (TMIG 2012) confirmed the presence of 39

SCC within the study area:

Three SAR:

o Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) – Designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and COSSARO; protected under SARA and ESA (2007). Nesting confirmed in WSU 4 barn and the “Children’s Aid” Building on Leslie Street adjacent to WSU 1 (2015). Seen foraging over agricultural fields throughout site (observed by MMM in 2013 / 2015).

o Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) – Listed as Special Concern by COSEWIC and COSSARO, and listed under the ESA (2007) Probable level of breeding evidence for WSU 1 and 4 (2011 and 2015)

o Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata) – The Great Lakes / St. Lawrence - Canadian Shield population of this species is designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and protected under SARA (Schedule 1). Beacon (2012) reported calling in reach RR-1 (north of Alternative 1A, 1Bi and 1Bii crossing of Major Tributary 1-M)

Two bird species are considered ‘Area Sensitive’ by MNRF (2000):

o Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). Probable level of breeding evidence in agricultural fields within / adjacent to WSU 5 and 7 (2015)

o White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis). Possible level of breeding evidence in WSU 6 (2015)

Six wildlife species are listed as Species of Concern (L1-L3) by the TRCA (regional significance):



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o Great Blue Heron (Ardea Herodias) – L3. Annual monitoring by Beacon has documented growth of the heronry in WSU 1 from 36 active nests in 2011 to 62 active nests in 2014; nesting activity was re-confirmed in 2015 by MMM (no detailed nest counts completed).

o Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) – L3. Possible level of breeding evidence in WSU 1 (2015).

o Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) – L3. Observed by MMM in suitable breeding habitat in WSU 6.

o Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) – L2. Recorded by Beacon during amphibian calling surveys in WSU 1 (TMIG 2012).

o Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius) – L3. Observed by Beacon in WSU 1, 2 and 4 (TMIG 2012).

o Woodland Jumping Mouse (Napaeozapus insignis) – L2. Observed by Beacon in WSU 1, 2 and 4 (TMIG 2012).

23 plants species are listed as Species of Concern (L1-L3) by the TRCA (TRCA 2003):

o Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum opulus var. americanum) – L2. Observed by MMM in the Cultural Woodland (CUW1) community along Reach RR1.

o Wild Leek (Allium triccocum) – L3. Observed by MMM in PSW Unit #33 / Woodland 2.

o Water Smartweed (Persicaria amphibia) – L3. Observed by MMM in the Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) community along Reach RR1a, upstream of the confluence with Reach RR2-1. Also observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 8.

o Meadow Willow (Salix petiolaris) – L3. Observed by MMM in the Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) community along Reach RR1a, between Rouge River Tributary (1-1) and Reach 1-3.

o Beaked Sedge (Carex utriculata) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in PSW Unit 33.

o Multi-coloured Blue-flag (Iris versicolor) – listed as L3 by TRCA. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in PSW Unit 33.

o Michigan Lily (Lilium michiganense) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodlands 3, 8, and 9.

o Great Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 8 and PSW Unit 33.

o Naked Miterwort (Mitella nuda) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 3.

o Smaller Forget-me-not (Myosotis laxa) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 2 and 3.

o Woolly Sweet-cicely (Osmorhiza claytonia) - L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 3.

o White Spruce (Picea glauca) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodlands 8 and 9.

o Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) – L1. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 8.

o Hairy Solomon’s-seal (Polygonum pubescens) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 3.

o Old-field Cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 3.

o Bristly Buttercup (Ranunculus pensylvanicus) – L3 by TRCA and Rare (R7) by Varga (2002). Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in PSW Unit 33.

o Wild Red Current (Ribes triste) – listed as L3 by TRCA. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in PSW Unit 33.

o Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella) – listed as L3 by TRCA. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodlands 2 and 3.



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o Great Water Dock (Rumex orbiculatus) – listed as L3 by TRCA. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in PSW Unit 33.

o Hard-stemmed Bulrush (Scirpus acutus) – listed as L3 by TRCA and Rare (R5) by Varga (2002). Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 8.

o Wool-grass (Scirpus cyperinus) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodlands 2 and 3.

o Purple Trillium (Trillium erectum) – L3. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 3.

o Downy Arrow-wood (Viburnum rafinesquianum) – listed as L3 by TRCA and Rare (R3) by Varga (2002). Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodlands 2 and 9.

Eight plant species are regionally rare (R-Rank) by MNRF (Varga 2000 & 2002) (2 of these plants overlap with the TRCA Species of Concern listed above).

o Old-field Cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex) – R1. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in Woodland 3.

o Woolly Sedge (Carex pellita) – R8. This species was observed by MMM and dominated a vegetation inclusion within the north extension of the Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) community along Reach RR1a, upstream of the confluence with Reach RR2-1.

o Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua) - R7. Observed by MMM in the Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) community along Reach RR1a, between Rouge River Tributary (1-1) and Reach 1-3.

o Virginia Stickseed (Hackelia virginiana) – R5. Observed by MMM in the Cultural Woodland (CUW1) and the Willow Deciduous Swamp (SWD4-1) adjacent to the confluence of RR2 and RR2-1.

o Small-fruited Bulrush (Scirpus microcarpus) – R10. Observed by MMM in the Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) community along Reach RR1a, upstream of the confluence with Reach RR2-1.

o Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) - R. Observed by MMM in the Cultural Woodland (CUW1) and the Willow Deciduous Swamp (SWD4-1) adjacent to the confluence of RR2 and RR2-1. Appears to have been planted in CUW1.

o Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides) – R3. Observed by Beacon in Woodland 3.

o Bristly Buttercup (Ranunculus pensylvanicus) – R7. Observed by Beacon (TMIG 2012) in PSW Unit #33.

Redside Dace

MNRF and TRCA indicated that Major Tributary (1-M) is currently regulated and managed as occupied

habitat for Redside Dace and Minor Tributaries (1-1 and 2-1) are managed as contributing habitat for

Redside Dace. The West Tributary of Berczy Creek, in the eastern portion of the study area, is also

contributing habitat for Redside Dace. Redside Dace is designated as Endangered by the COSEWIC, but

remains listed as Special Concern under the SARA, pending up-listing. Redside Dace is listed as

Endangered under the ESA (2007).

The DFO SAR distribution mapping also shows that all three of these tributaries as supporting potential

habitat for either American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) or Redside Dace. American Eel is designated as

Threatened by COSEWIC, and listed as under consideration by SARA. Through correspondence with

MNRF, it was confirmed that American Eel is not known to occur in these tributaries (SAR screening; pers.

comm. MNRF Aurora Assistant SAR Biologist, April 2013) and the mapped species is therefore Redside



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Dace. As mentioned in Section 3.3.1, no fish sampling could be conducted on any of the watercourses

within the study area.

There are only a few small sections within Major Tributary 1-M that appear to present themselves as ideal

habitat for this species e.g., tight width to depth ratio, low gradient stream with abundant overhanging

vegetation and undercut banks. During MMM field surveys, less than ideal habitat conditions were

recorded at both the alternative road crossings, but in particular at Alterative 2. These conditions include

flooded channel sections (due to the beaver dams), very turbid water (indicating high sediment transport),

permanent barriers to fish movement, and in many sections only gently sloping banks and shallow depths,

apparently reflecting lateral widening. The permanent barrier at the Alternative 2 crossing would prevent

any seasonal movement of Redside Dace upstream between habitat elements.

During an agency meeting with the MMM project team held on November 5, 2013, it was noted by TRCA

staff that substantial research on Redside Dace has been conducted within the Rouge River Tributaries of

the study area. This research was conducted in collaboration with MNRF and TRCA. Information collected

/ analyzed includes distribution, habitat element use and seasonal migration patterns of Redside Dace.

MNRF did not provide these specific data in relation to Redside Dace distribution or relative habitat quality

along the subject reaches to that this information could not be incorporated into the evaluation process for

the alternative alignments. As noted, MNRF did emphasize that the study reaches are part of a habitat zone

extending from Stouffville Road to Major MacKenzie that is considered to support a “stronghold population”

of Redside Dace; these reaches have been identified as a Conservation Reserve in the Rouge River Fish

Management Plan (2011 working draft). However, at this juncture, they have not distinguished relative

habitat quality within this broader zone as input to this project.

SAR with Potential to Occur

A review of background information sources (OBBA, NHIC and MNRF Regional SAR Lists) in combination

with the assessment of the available habitat indicated there is potential for several additional SAR to occur

within the study area or in the vicinity of the study area. None of these species were recorded in the study

area during either MMM’s or Beacon’s field surveys. As noted earlier, the only SAR wildlife species

recorded during field surveys were Barn Swallow, Eastern Wood-Pewee and Western Chorus Frog.

However, given the habitat characteristics present in the study area and occurrences of these species in the

broader landscape, the following SAR have a low to reasonable likelihood of occurring in the study area:

Bobolink – designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and listed as Threatened under the ESA (2007). Unlikely to breed in the study area, but may occur as migrant/visitor. No suitable nesting habitat was observed on-site; no large grassland, pasture or hayfields and most agricultural fields were planted with row or speciality crops. Fields surrounding WSU 5 were planted with wheat (marginally suitable nesting habitat); however, these fields are disturbed by Highway 404 traffic and urban development.



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Eastern Meadowlark – designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and listed as Threatened under the ESA (2007). Unlikely to breed in the study area, but may occur as migrant/visitor. No suitable nesting habitat was observed on-site; no large grassland, pasture or hayfields and most agricultural fields were planted with row or speciality crops. Fields surrounding WSU 5 were planted with wheat (marginally suitable nesting habitat); however, these fields are disturbed by Highway 404 traffic and urban development.

Red-headed woodpecker – designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and listed as Special Concern under the ESA (2007). Unlikely to breed in the study area (no records in OBBA) and more likely ‘migrant/visitor’ use only, but known to inhabit a variety of open woodland and woodland edge habitats, which are present within the study area.

Wood Thrush – designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and listed as Special Concern under the ESA (2007). Reasonable likelihood to breed in the study area. Detected north of the study area by Beacon (TMIG 2012). Known to inhabit mid-aged to mature deciduous forest, which is present within the study area; however, Wood Thrush prefers large, upland forests with a well-developed understory, which is not present in the study area.

Little Brown Bat, Small-Footed Myotis and Northern Long-eared Bat – all listed as Endangered under the ESA (2007); Little Brown Bat and Northern Long-eared Bat designated as Endangered by COSEWIC. Reasonable likelihood of occurring in the project area. Not detected during field surveys; however, targeted acoustic monitoring/exit surveys were not completed. Suitable roosting and/or maternity colony habitat may be present in tree cavities, barns or abandoned buildings (WSU 1 and 4).

Eastern Ribbonsnake – designated as Special Concern by COSEWIC and listed as Special Concern under the ESA (2007) and Schedule 3 of SARA. Reasonable likelihood to occur in the study area; suitable habitat is present in wet grassy areas along the riparian corridor (WSU 3 and 4).

Milksnake – designated as Special Concern by COSEWIC and listed as Special Concern under the ESA (2007) and Schedule 1 of SARA. Reasonable likelihood to occur in the study area; known to inhabit a variety of habitats in rural areas and surrounding old structures (barn, abandoned building and rock / concrete debris piles in WSU 4).

Blanding’s Turtle – designated as Threatened by COSEWIC and listed as Threatened under the ESA (2007) and Schedule 1 of SARA. Unlikely to ‘reside / use habitat in the study area since no slow-flowing rivers or wetland habitat of sufficient size and depth for overwintering habitat are present on-site. But may pass through study area along the riparian corridor (known to travel up to 2 km between habitats).

Snapping Turtle – designated as Special Concern by COSEWIC and listed as Special Concern under the ESA (2007) and Schedule 1 of SARA. Unlikely to ‘reside / use habitat in the study area given absence of generally suitable habitat, however known to travel through or periodically use a variety of wetland and stream habitats. Marginally suitable overwintering habitat is present in the SWM Pond (soft bottom with water greater than 1 m depth); however, this feature is isolated from other natural features by roads, buildings and silt fencing. Therefore, Snapping Turtles may travel along the Rouge River Tributary; however, they are unlikely to nest or overwinter here due to insufficient depth, basking sites and foraging opportunities.

Monarch – designated as Special Concern by COSEWIC and listed as Special Concern under the ESA (2007) and Schedule 1 of SARA. Reasonable likelihood to occur in the study area; Common Milkweed found in the study area (WSU 4 and 6).

Butternut – designated as Endangered by COSEWIC and listed as Endangered under the ESA (2007) and Schedule 1 of SARA. This species was not recorded by MMM or Beacon within the Highway 404 Crossing study area. There is some potential for it to occur in areas removed from the Alternative Alignments where thorough surveys were not completed or where surveys could not be completed due to lack of property access (e.g., in hedgerows along Alternative Alignment 1A, east of Highway 404, although habitat here is marginal).



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3.4 DRAINAGE and FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY

MMM has obtained relevant drainage-related information, reports, contour map, flood plain mapping and

hydraulic model from the Regional Municipality of York (hereafter referred to as “Region”) and the Toronto

and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). The list of reports reviewed for the background use in the

drainage assessments of this study are provided in the Drainage and Stormwater Management Report,

which can be found in Appendix F.

Field investigations of the study area and existing drainage features were conducted by MMM Group in

June 2013 and July 2015. Photographic inventory of the site investigations is provided in the Drainage and

Stormwater Management Report, provided in Appendix F.

3.4.1 Existing Land Use, Drainage and Hydrology

The study area lies within the watershed of the Rouge River Tributary. The predominant soil types in the

study area are Tecumseth sandy loam and Milliken loam. Topography is gently sloping toward the south.

There is an existing collapsed culvert in the Rouge River Tributary valley, approximately 1 km south of 19th

Avenue, which was used as farm crossing (i.e. 11221 Leslie Street). The upstream side of the culvert could

not be located and is assumed to be buried. On the downstream side, the culvert measured 750 mm

diameter. Some flow was observed through the culvert but most of the flow was draining from the farm

track.

On the west side of Highway 404, in the Town of Richmond Hill, runoff from the farmland drains overland to

the Rouge River Tributary. On the east side of Highway 404, runoff from the study area drains overland to

the existing SWM Pond L1. Pond L1 was designed in 2008 by 404 North Developers Groups for the 404

North Secondary Plan (OPA 149).

SWMHYMO was used to generate the flow rates. For the Rouge River watershed, the AES storm

distribution is the governing storm event, as per the TRCA guideline. However, the 12-hour SCS storm

distribution was used on the east side of Highway 404 (City of Markham) for designing the existing SWM

Pond L1 and for the stormwater management design of the Rice Commercial Group’s current development

site. Therefore, both the 12-hour AES storm distribution and the 12-hour SCS storm distribution were used

to generate the pre-development flows for the 2-year to 100-year storm events for comparison purpose. The

12-hour SCS storm distribution generated higher flow values, and therefore, the SCS storm distribution

used for the design. This is consistent with the storm distribution used for the SWM Pond L1 and the Rice

Commercial Group’s development site. Table 3-2 provides the pre-development flows based on the SCS

storm distribution.



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Table 3-2: Pre-development Conditions Flows (12-hour SCS Storm Distribution)

Catchment ID / HYD #

Flows (m3/s)

2-year 5-year 10-year 25-year 50-year 100-year

110 0.008 0.013 0.017 0.023 0.027 0.032

120 0.017 0.027 0.036 0.049 0.059 0.070

500 (AddHyd 100+120) 0.021 0.033 0.044 0.060 0.072 0.085

130 0.007 0.010 0.014 0.019 0.022 0.026

140 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.022 0.026 0.030

510 (AddHyd 130+140) 0.014 0.022 0.029 0.040 0.048 0.056

150 0.013 0.020 0.026 0.035 0.041 0.048

160 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.054 0.063 0.074

A1 0.023 0.035 0.045 0.061 0.072 0.085

Catchments 110 to 150 are located on the west side of Highway 404, and Catchments 160 and A1 are

located on the east of Highway 404. Catchment A1 is the roadway area located to the east of Pond L1,

which was included in the Rice Commercial Group’s development report. The summary output files of the

pre-development hydrological modelling are provided in the Drainage and Stormwater Management Report,

provided in Appendix F.

3.4.1.2 Hydraulic Assessment

The HEC-RAS hydraulic model of the Rouge River Tributary was obtained from TRCA. The existing

conditions hydraulic model was revised by adding new cross-sections and editing cross-sections both on

the upstream and downstream sides of the proposed roadway alignment. The cross-sections were obtained

from the latest topographic survey along the proposed roadway alignment of the Rouge River Tributary

crossing.

A comparison of the results between the existing model and the revised existing model shows that the

water levels of the revised existing model at Sections 7101.14, 7101.15 and 7101.16, located upstream of

the farm track along the Rouge River Reach RR1A. The revised existing model is considered as the base

for comparison purpose with the proposed model.

The HEC-RAS cross-section locations and summary output files are provided in the Drainage and

Stormwater Management Report in Appendix F.



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3.4.2 Fluvial Geomorphology

3.4.2.1 Background

As part of the EA Study, an investigation was carried out to assess options and geomorphic impacts

associated with a new crossing over a tributary to the Rouge River (Rouge River East Branch 1-M). The

study area lies within the jurisdiction of the TRCA. The assessment focused on two areas where the

crossing of Rouge River Tributary per the conceptual crossing location in Chapter 5 of the Environmental

Study Report – i.e. approximately 0.5 km south of 19th Avenue and approximately 1 km south of 19th

Avenue. Exhibits 5-2 to 5-5 present the crossing locations of the alternative design concepts.

The meander belt represents the limits in which a river is likely to meander over time. The belt width is an

important tool which can be used to plan for and mitigate the risk of erosion to infrastructure and to provide

sufficient space around watercourses to allow natural geomorphic processes to occur. In the case of the

Rouge River Tributary, a meander belt assessment is required for the Ministry of Natural Resources and

Forestry (MNRF) approval of new watercourse crossings.

Previous meander belt studies completed by others gave a range of meander belt widths from 16 m to

49 m at the northerly crossing location (i.e. Alternatives 1A, 1Bi and 1Bii as shown Exhibits 5-2 to 5-4), and

from 24 m to 59 m at the southerly crossing location (i.e. Alternative 2 as shown in Exhibit 5-5). The

smaller belt widths were determined using a map-based procedure. The larger values were determined

using the empirical model presented in the TRCA Belt Width Delineation Procedure (2004) because it was

determined that the map-based belt width procedure could not be followed due to vegetative cover and

channel modification. Following the TRCA belt width delineation procedure and using various empirical

relationships, MMM also calculated a wide range of meander belt widths at the proposed crossing location.

As well it was noted that these methods are intended for naturally functioning channels that meander

across their floodplains and are less reliable for modified headwater systems. Therefore, the Project Team

sought TRCA input to determine the most suitable methodology in determining meander belt width. The

TRCA requested that MMM prepare a technical memorandum justifying an alternative approach. The

baseline conditions and the meander belt assessment of the Rouge River Tributary are provided in

Appendix F.

3.4.2.2 Site Assessment Summary

In 2013, 2014 and 2015 MMM completed a geomorphological site investigation of the Rouge River

Tributary between 19th Avenue to approximately 1.4 km downstream of 19th Avenue. The site walk

extended to reaches upstream and downstream of the proposed creek crossing locations. Reaches had

been previously delineated on the watercourse in the Master Environmental Servicing Plan (2000 and

2013). In the course of the site assessment reaches RR1 and RR1-A were subdivided into RR1, RR1-A

RR1-B and RR1-C due to differences in channel form and management history. Reach locations are

presented in Figure 1 of the Meander Belt Technical Report in Appendix F.



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The initial site investigation was completed in July of 2013. This included reaches RR1 to the upstream

portion of RR1-C, as permission to enter was not granted in the middle portion of the block. The site

assessment of reaches RR1-C and RR2 and a spot check on RR2-1 (Minor Tributary 2-1) were completed

in December 2014 and July of 2015. During the July 2013 and 2015 site visits, weather conditions were

dry and flows were below bankfull. During the December 2014 site visit the channel was partially frozen

and flows were out of bank in reach RR1-C.

Reaches within the study area are located within a deciduous riparian buffer strip surrounded by actively

managed agricultural fields. There is no distinct valley from 19th Avenue to the failed farm lane crossing at

the RR1-C and RR2 reach break. In this area an extensive floodplain is present on either side of the

channel, but floodplain connectivity varies among reaches. Downstream of the failed farm crossing in

RR2, there is a low valley slope west of the channel and an extensive floodplain east of the channel.

Throughout the study area the channel slope is low to moderate and substrate consists primarily of sand

with some silt, gravel and cobble. All reaches appear to have been partially or wholly modified in the past

and are currently in adjustment.

Reaches characteristics are summarized as follows:

Reach RR1 has a straightened planform and modified cross-section. The reach is Transitional (RGA score = 0.24) and the dominant process is lateral adjustment.

At the time of MMM’s site investigation, reach RR1-A was flooded by beaver dams and there was no formal channel present.

Reach RR1-B has a mildly sinuous planform and a fairly natural cross-section with steep to undercut banks. The reach is Transitional (RGA score = 0.22) and the dominant process is lateral adjustment.

Reach RR1-C consists of stretches which retain a modified cross-section interspersed with shorter sections which have a more natural cross-section. In areas the channel is locally backed up and widened by small debris jams. In the downstream portion of the reach a beaver dam forms a 0.5 m drop, which acts as a grade control and may contribute to the maintenance of the willow mineral deciduous swamp located upstream. The reach is Transitional (RGA score = 0.32) and the dominant process is narrowing with lateral adjustment. The downstream reach break is defined by a collapsed farm crossing culvert. This backs up flow and causes the downstream portion of the reach to act as a sediment sink.

In reach RR2 the collapsed farm crossing culvert forms a drop in bed elevation of approximately 1 m. Downstream of the crossing the channel has a straightened planform and modified cross-section. In areas a more natural bankfull cross-section has recovered. The reach is Transitional (RGA score = 0.21) and the dominant process is lateral adjustment.

A spot check was conducted on RR2-1 (Minor Tributary 2-1) from the confluence to the fence line. The tributary has a modified planform. The channel is poorly defined in the upstream part of the reach. A knickpoint is located approximately 20 m from the confluence. The channel downstream of the knickpoint is well-defined and entrenched.

A summary of bankfull characteristics for reaches assessed on the Rouge River Tributary is given in

Table 3-3.



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Table 3-3: Representative Channel Bankfull Dimensions

Reach Bankfull width (m) Bankfull depth (m)

RR1 2.5 0.5

RR1-A N/A N/A

RR1-B 1.5 0.6

RR1-C 3.0 (modified)

1.8 (adjusted)

0.5 (modified)

0.5 (adjusted)

The longitudinal profile of the channel is influenced by two important grade controls located in reaches

RR1-C and RR2. The first of these is the beaver dam located in reach RR1-C. The break down or

removal of the dam could result in a change in bed elevation and local flow characteristics of the area

upstream. This in turn could affect the willow mineral deciduous swamp located along the channel.

At the collapsed farm crossing which marks the start of reach RR2 there is ongoing erosion and risk

potential headcutting. Under existing conditions the collapsed culvert blocks sediment transport

downstream. A channel has formed over the collapsed crossing which has unvegetated vertical bank that

appear to be actively eroding. Continued erosion and transport of the failed fill material poses a risk of

knickpoint migration over time. Knickpoint migration would cause incision within reach RR1-C and a

release of sediment into reach RR2 and would consequently change the channel profile, cross-section and

geomorphic processes as the system adjusts.

Detailed reach descriptions are included in Appendix B of the Meander Belt Width Technical Report

included in Appendix F of this ESR.

3.4.2.3 Approach to Meander Belt Assessment

A multi-pronged approach was used to estimate the meander belt width. The premise is to obtain a range

of belt width measurements and calculations using both map-based and empirical methods. These were

verified in the field and the range of values has collectively informed a final judgment based on expert

opinion.

The approaches used in the assessment include:

Review of the regulatory floodplain extent to confirm that the meander belt is not confined.

Examination of contemporary satellite imagery, historic aerial photographs from 1946 and 1978 and a historic map from 1878.

Measurement of the amplitude and radius of curvature of suitable reference meanders.

Calculation of a range of empirical relations from the literature.

Site validation.



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Based on the historic images, the channel appears to have been straightened by 1946, which is the oldest

historic aerial photograph available. As such, the map-based procedures outlined in the TRCA belt width

delineation procedure (2004) could not be applied. When there is no historic evidence of the natural

planform on the study reaches or on the adjacent reaches, the TRCA Belt Width Delineation Procedure

(2004) recommends using a reference reach as a surrogate. However, most reaches near the study area

possess modified or partially modified planforms. In the absence of ideal reference reaches, the

characteristics of individual reference meanders measured in multiple reaches inform the minimum

meander belt width.

The empirical relations considered the most appropriate for the system were used to calculate a range of

predicted meander belt widths. However, all empirical relations should be used with caution. All empirical

relations are strongly dependent on the dataset from which they were derived and as such are not

applicable to all watercourses. Few relations have been developed specifically for Southern Ontario

streams or for small headwater channels.

Empirical relations based on channel dimensions were not calculated for reach RR1 because the channel

is too modified to represent either a natural or recovered condition, or for reach RR1-A which lacks a

defined channel. Relations based on channel dimensions were calculated for reach RR1-B because the

channel appears to have a more natural cross-section based on field observations. In reaches RR1-C and

RR2 the relations were calculated for the adjusted bankfull channel rather than the modified (overwidened)

channel.

3.4.2.4 Results of the Meander Belt Assessment

The Rouge River Tributary within the potential crossing areas appears to have been straightened, and as

such standard map-based belt width delineation could not be undertaken. The extent of modification

differs among reaches: reach RR1 has a modified channel cross-section, reach RR1-A is located in a

wetland and lacks a defined channel, reach RR1-B appears to have fairly natural or well-recovered

channel cross-section, and reaches RR1-C and RR2 are modified but contain areas that are well-

recovered.

The northerly crossing (i.e. Alternatives 1A, 1Bi and 1Bii as shown in Exhibits 5-2 to 5-4) is located in RR1-

A, which is a wetland with no defined channel. The meander belt width of RR1-B is used as a reference

for this reach because it appears to have a fairly natural or well-recovered channel cross-section. The

southerly crossing (i.e. Alternative 2 as shown in Exhibit 5-5) is located at the reach break between RR1-C

and RR2. The meander belt width of reach RR1-C can be used to inform the span of the southerly

crossing because the energy potential at that location is associated with the upstream reach rather than

the downstream reach. The meander belt will not migrate upstream, and the amount of discharge passing

below the structure is as upstream. Should the crossing location be moved, the further downstream it is

shifted, the more the larger meander belt width associated with RR2 should be considered.



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Table 3-4: Summary of Meander Belt Assessment

Alternative lines of evidence were used to estimate a meander belt width giving a range of results. These

include visual observation of a historic map, measurement of individual reference meanders and empirical

modelling. A historic map dated 1878 was provided to MMM which indicates that the watercourse was

fairly straight throughout the study area in that year. Based on 2006 maps, the maximum amplitude of

reference meanders measured within the study area and from surrounding reaches was 20.7 m. Of the

reference meanders measured, most had a ratio of radius of curvature to bankfull width (Rc/w) of over 2,

which indicates that they are tight and potentially unstable. As a result, and to account for potential

differences between the reference locations and study reaches, the maximum meander amplitude is

considered only a guide to the minimum potential meander belt width.

A range of empirical models were calculated. The TRCA Procedure 5 model was not a factor in final belt

width recommendation because the channel is modified; the model is based on a regression of meander

belt width and the two year flow, but the two year flow is well out of bank in this watercourse. As well,

there is uncertainty associated with the accuracy of the slope information available for its calculation.

Excluding these values appears to be appropriate based on historic mapping. The map from 1878

indicates that the sinuosity and lateral extent of the channel was limited at that time, and as there has

been little notable change in planform shape in the intervening 137 years. Based on the foregoing, it is

concluded that the actual meander belt widths are less than the values predicted by the TRCA model.

Due to the nature of the Williams (1986) equations reviewed, the relation considered most suitable for this

watercourse, which is a narrow headwater channel, is the equation based on channel cross-sectional

area. As the bankfull channel dimensions are very similar between reaches RR1-B (1.5 m wide, 0.6 m

deep, vertical banks, 0.9 m2 area) and the well-adjusted channel cross-sections in RR1-C (1.6 m wide, 0.5

m deep, vertical banks, 0.8 m2 area), the meander belt widths predicted by this equation are very similar.

The belt widths are adjusted to increase downstream to reflect slight increase in drainage area and

discharge. This also follows the typical pattern in unconfined river systems.

Data source Reference Reach RR1-B RR1-C RR2

Northerly Crossing Southerly Crossing

Regulatory floodplain width (m) 150-200

Not a controlling factor

150-300

Not a controlling factor 38-78

TRCA empirical model + 1 std dev. (m) 42.1* 50.4* 55.5*

Williams (1986) area-based equation + 10% factor of safety (m)

18.5 17.1 18.5

Maximum amplitude of reference meanders (including bankfull width) (m)

20.7

Average Rc/w ratio of reference meanders 3.3 (unstable)

Recommended meander belt width (m) 25 30 35

*Based on available slope information. Detailed survey not available.



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Given these considerations the recommended meander belt widths are informed by the maximum amplitude

of reference meanders, the Williams (1986) area equation, field observations of the channel and floodplain,

and the downstream increase in drainage area. Based on this analysis, the meander belt width is 25 m at the

northerly crossing location (i.e. Alternatives 1A, 1Bi and 1Bii) and 30 m at the southerly crossing location (i.e.

Alternative 2). Should more detailed survey or modelling information become available, the meander belt

widths presented here should be reviewed and revised if necessary at detail design.

3.5 HYDROGEOLOGY

An overview of the hydrogeology conditions was prepared at the onset of the EA Study and is summarized

in a memo in Appendix G. The memo summarized background information such as regional

physiography, site-specific physiography and drainage, regional geology, site specific hydrogeology,

aquifer properties as interpreted from MOECC well records, and site-specific groundwater quality. Other

discussion in the memo includes description of environmentally sensitive features in the study area,

baseline surface water quality, groundwater use, and environmental data base query (Ecolog ERIS).

As per the Toronto and Region Authority (TRCA) (2007), the Project Study Area is within the Rouge River

Watershed, whereby the Rouge River drains into Lake Ontario. There are four major physiographic

regions within the Rouge River Watershed, as per Chapman & Putnam (1984): Oak Ridges Moraine, Peel

Plain, South Slope, and Lake Iroquois Sand Plain.

In terms of site specific physiography, within the study area, the ground surface ranges from a low of 225

meters above mean sea level (m AMSL), where the Rouge River flows beneath Elgin Mills Road, to 245 m

AMSL, or top of a drumlin hill, 500 m west of Highway 404 and 900m north of Elgin Mills Road. A similar

topographic high point (245 m AMSL) is reached at the corner of Leslie Street and Elgin Mills Road.

The ground surface generally slopes from north-northwest to south-southeast, towards Lake Ontario.

There is a local relief in the form of gently sloping drumlin hills, and incised creek valleys, whereby the

Rouge River valley floor is up to five meters below the surrounding table land areas. The topography and

drainage in this area has been modified in order to better suit agricultural practices (channelizing smaller

creeks, drainage and construction of dugout ponds), rural residences, road and highway interchanges, and

newer urban developments.

Extensive site grading has been done in the newer residential and commercial developments along Elgin

Mills Road, as well employment lands, including the Honda Canada Corporate office facility located on

Honda Boulevard, east of Highway 404. Many smaller drainage features have been diverted into storm

sewers and storm water management ponds have been constructed. There is one such storm-water

management pond on the east side of Highway 404 south of the Honda Canada complex.

In terms of regional geology, the study area is located within the central-west portion of the Rouge River

Watershed. The Quaternary Geology of in the vicinity of the project site consists of the following

overburden stratigraphic units overlying bedrock (from oldest to youngest) (TRCA, 2007): Scarborough



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Formation, Sunnybrook Drift, Thorncliffe Formation, Newmarket (Northern) Till, Oak Ridges Moraine

Deposits, Halton Till, Glaciolacustrine Deposits (Glacial Lake Peel) and recent alluvial deposits. It is noted

that many of the overburden stratigraphic units, which are found in the Rouge River watershed, are also

found in the adjacent Don River Watershed, which was evaluated in detail by TRCA (2009). In terms of

site specific physiography, the near surface geology within the site area is interpreted to be composed of:

Halton Till, recent Glaciolacustrine Deposits, Alluvial deposit (along the Rouge River and its tributaries),

and organic deposits, also generally in valley lands and low-lying areas.

Regarding regional hydrogeology, groundwater in the Rouge River Watershed generally flows in a south to

southeast direction towards Lake Ontario; however localized groundwater flow is towards drainage

features, such as creeks and rivers (TRCA, 2007). Hydrogeological studies carried out by the TRCA

(2007) indicate the following overburden aquifers in the Rouge River Watershed (from youngest to oldest):

Shallow Aquifer, Oak Ridges Aquifer (Upper Aquifer), Thorncliffe Aquifer (Middle Aquifer), and

Scarborough Aquifer (Lower Aquifer).

According to the TRCA (2007), localized shallow aquifers occur in deeper pockets of sandy

glaciolacustrine deposits as well as within localized sand lenses in the Halton Till, whereas the regionally

extensive Oak Ridges Moraine Aquifer Complex occurs within the Oak Ridges Moraine deposits and the

Mackinaw Interstadial deposits (Tunnel Channels). According to TRCA (2007), the groundwater in the

unconfined shallow aquifer flows horizontally and is generally controlled by the surface topography

because the Halton Till limits downward infiltration. The Thorncliffe Aquifer is located below the

Newmarket Till within the Thorncliffe Formation and the Scarborough Formation is found below the

Sunnybrook Drift aquitard (TRCA, 2007). TRCA (2007) reports that the Oak Ridges Aquifer, Thorncliffe

Aquifer and the Scarborough Aquifers are all confined by units of low hydraulic conductance, except for

regions where these aquifers outcrop. The Oak Ridges Aquifer outcrops on the Oak Ridges Moraine

whereas the Thorncliffe Aquifer and the Scarborough Aquifer only outcrop in deeply incised creek valleys,

and in the shoreline bluffs in the southern portion of the Rouge River Watershed (TRCA, 2007). The

Scarborough Aquifer has greater thickness in select locations where bedrock valleys are present,

particularly the upper reaches of the Rouge River Watershed, as per TRCA (2007).

In terms of site specific hydrogeology, there are two aquifers near the surface in study area, as follows: ·

Surface Aquifers, and Oak Ridges Moraine Aquifer Complex.

As per Morrison Environmental Limited (2000), most of the surficial soils in the study area are fine-grid

and, as such, groundwater recharge rates are interpreted as low to moderate. The Municipal Infrastructure

Group (2012); however, notes that near-surface overburden deposits are commonly weathered, permitting

low to moderate amounts of groundwater infiltration and flow.

Localized surficial aquifers occur within sand and gravel lenses within the glaciolacustrine sediments or

Halton Till deposits. The Groundwater flow in these aquifers is interpreted to reflect the topographic

gradient of the ground surface, and flow towards localized streams (Morrison Environmental Ltd., 2003).



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This same study reported that localized shallow surficial aquifers may cause difficulties during road or

infrastructure construction; however, this problem can be resolved through trenching and sumping.

The Oak Ridges Moraine Aquifer Complex is the upper confined aquifer present within the study area.

Groundwater in this aquifer is reported by Morrison Environmental Limited (2003) to flow in a south-

southeast direction reflecting the regional topographic slope. They also report that there are above ground

artesian conditions present within this aquifer in select areas within the project site, however, despite these

artesian conditions, there is not a significant increase in the base flow to creeks, indicating that these

artesian conditions are contained. A more significant area of artesian conditions is interpreted to be found

immediately north of 19th Avenue, near Leslie Street. According to Morrison Environmental Limited

(2000), due to the drop in topography from the Oak Ridges Moraine, artesian conditions occur in the Oak

Ridges Moraine Aquifer and the Thorncliffe Aquifer in an area immediately north of 19th Avenue. The

Municipal Group (2012) also interprets areas north of 19th Avenue, as well as an area near Elgin Mills

Road and Leslie Street, where these are below ground confined aquifers under artesian pressure,

however, they are largely beyond the Class EA study area.

3.6 CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOUCES

3.6.1 Built Heritage Resources

A Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes Report has been completed and can be

found in Appendix D of the ESR. Of the 21 sites identified with heritage significance, most are located

along the boundaries of the study area; except 11221 Leslie Street where the building of the property is

located approximately 250 m west of Highway 404.

3.6.2 Archaeology

A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment has been completed and can be found in Appendix E of the ESR.

Findings indicated that the Study Area is in close proximity to areas with archaeological potential. A

Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment should be carried out before construction proceeds.

3.7 MAJOR UTILITIES

The TransCanada Pipeline easement runs east-west approximately 400 m south of 19th Avenue through

the study area and continues easterly and westerly beyond the study area boundary. There is a

TransCanada Pipeline station located approximately 400 m west of Woodbine Avenue and 500 m south of

19th Avenue. There are no other existing utilities through the vacant lands within the study area.

A hydro tower corridor is located on the east side of Woodbine Avenue and crosses to the west side of

Woodbine Avenue approximately 800 m south of 19th Avenue. There are existing hydro poles on Elgin

Mills Road, 19th Avenue, Leslie Street, Woodbine Bypass, Woodbine Avenue and Honda Boulevard.

3.0 existing conditions

Documents