3 work charting_methods
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Work Charting Methods
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Objective
• Objectively document the work task or process for analysis
• Many methods are available
• New ones are invented regularly
• Break down the job into sub-components or tasks
• Describe the tasks in a meaningful way King Saud University
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Pareto Chart
• Items of interest are identified and measured on a common scale
• Then ordered in ascending order, creating a cumulative distribution
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Pareto Chart
• Pareto principle: 80% of the total activity can be found in the first 20% of the items.
• Goal is to identify the appropriate 20% for analysis.– 80% of inventory is associated with 20%
of the parts.– 80% of the injuries are associated with
20% of the jobs.King Saud University
College of Engineering Department of Industrial Engineering
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Fishbone Diagram (Cause-Effect)
• Identifies components lead to undesirable (desirable) event in a process
• Principle event is identified at the fish head
• Associated contributing factors are identified using a tree type structure.
• Closely related to many different charts used in safety analysis (Fault-Tree method)
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Example
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Operations Process Charts
• Represents the chronological sequence of: – operations, – Inspections, – Time allowances, and – materials used in a process
• from the arrival of raw material to the packaging of the finished product.
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Operations Process Charts
• Focuses on products and/or facilities
• Two symbols are used in the chart:– Operations are denoted using a
small circle– Inspections are denoted using a
small square
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Operations Process Charts
• Vertical lines indicate general flow of the process as work is completed
• Horizontal lines feeding into vertical lines are for parts or subassemblies.
• Lines should not cross in the chart.
• Time values are assigned to operations and inspections on the chart.
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Flow Process Charts
• Identify operations, inspections, materials, moves, storages, and delays involved in making a part or completing a process.
• Show all events in the correct sequence.
• Show the relationship between parts and fabrication complexity.
• used for workers, components, or sub-assemblies.
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Flow Process Charts
• Distinguish between produced and purchased parts.
• Provide information on the number of employees utilized and the time required to perform each operation and inspection.
• More details than operations process charts
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Flow Process Charts
• Two types are commonly used:– Product or material– Operative or person
• Help identify nonproduction hidden costs such as distances traveled, delays, and temporary storage.
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Flow Diagrams
• Supplement to Flow process charts to indicate process flow
• Overhead pictorial plan of the facility.
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Worker and Machine Process Charts
• Show time relationship between the working cycle of a person and the operating cycle of a machine(s) at a single workstation.
• Machine times and operator times must be known for each element
• Chart drawn vertically to scale.
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Worker and Machine Process Charts
• Solid lines represent productive time,
• Breaks indicate idle time,
• Dotted lines represent non-productive time.
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Gang Process Charts
• Worker and Machine Process charts showing many workers are called Gang Process Charts.
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Gang Process Charts
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Gang Process Charts
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Two-Handed Process Chart
• Left-hand / right-hand chart
• Operator process chart.
• Is a flow process chart directed at an operator
• Each hand is documented separately.
• Useful when doing work methods analysis.King Saud University
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