27-28/4/2017 rubber in...

INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NATURAL

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27-28/4/2017

MELAKA, MALAYSIA 1

P r e s e n t b y

R o n g j i C a o，P h . D

E x p e r i m e n t a l S t u d y

o n t h e N a t u r a l R u b b e r M o d i f i e d A s p h a l t

O R G A N I S E D B Y

Chief Engineer，，，，JSTI GROUP

Director，，，，National Laboratory for Advanced Road Materials

Apr. 2017

ORGANISED BY

2 0 1 7

M E L A K A , M A L A Y S I A

Backgroud1111

2222 Investigate on Preparation Process

Outline

3333 Effect of process parameters

4444Comparative study on rheological

performance

5555 Economic analysis

6666 Conclusion


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Backgroud1111

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JOINTLY ORGANISED BY

1. Background

� Challenge in Asphalt Pavement Challenge in Asphalt Pavement Challenge in Asphalt Pavement Challenge in Asphalt Pavement � Increasing traffic volume

� Truck overload

� Extreme climate

�

� Increasing Use of Increasing Use of Increasing Use of Increasing Use of PMBPMBPMBPMB� SBS、、、、SBR、、、、PE、、、、NR、、、、EVA

� Reclaim Tire Crumb Rubber

� Fiber

�


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1. Background

� SBS modified BitumenSBS modified BitumenSBS modified BitumenSBS modified Bitumen� Reclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tire

� CharactersCharactersCharactersCharacters� Improve both high temperature and low temperature performanceImprove both high temperature and low temperature performanceImprove both high temperature and low temperature performanceImprove both high temperature and low temperature performance� Change Performance Grade obviouslyChange Performance Grade obviouslyChange Performance Grade obviouslyChange Performance Grade obviously

� ProcessProcessProcessProcess� proven techniqueproven techniqueproven techniqueproven technique� Stable qualityStable qualityStable qualityStable quality

� ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication� Widely used in the worldWidely used in the worldWidely used in the worldWidely used in the world� In China ,90% of PMB is SBS In China ,90% of PMB is SBS In China ,90% of PMB is SBS In China ,90% of PMB is SBS

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1. Background

� Crumb RubberCrumb RubberCrumb RubberCrumb Rubber� Reclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tire� Component: Component: Component: Component: vulcanized rubber, carbon black,black,black,black, antiaging agent

� Asphalt RubberAsphalt RubberAsphalt RubberAsphalt Rubber� ASTM DefinitionASTM DefinitionASTM DefinitionASTM Definition

� Wet Process

� Rubber content >15%

� PavementPavementPavementPavement� ARARARAR----ACACACAC� ARARARAR----OGFCOGFCOGFCOGFC� ARARARAR----SAMISAMISAMISAMI

� ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication� USA, EuropeUSA, EuropeUSA, EuropeUSA, Europe，，，，China, South Africa, Brazil……China, South Africa, Brazil……China, South Africa, Brazil……China, South Africa, Brazil……


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1. Background

� Natural RubberNatural RubberNatural RubberNatural Rubber� Over 30 yearsOver 30 yearsOver 30 yearsOver 30 years� Type

� natural rubber latex

� rubber sheet

• block rubber (STR 20)

• Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)

• ��

� Rubber improve asphalt performance

� increasing in viscosity,

� enhance its durability

� ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication� Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……

� Challenge

� natural rubber price

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1. Background

� ObjectiveObjectiveObjectiveObjective� Natural RubberNatural RubberNatural RubberNatural Rubber

� Skim Block Rubber (Skim Block Rubber (Skim Block Rubber (Skim Block Rubber (SBR)SBR)SBR)SBR)

� Standard Standard Standard Standard Malaysian Malaysian Malaysian Malaysian Rubber (Rubber (Rubber (Rubber (SMR20SMR20SMR20SMR20))))

� Investigate on Preparation Process in Lab

� Opitimum Process Parameters

� PMB Performance Comparing

� NR, SBS, AR

� Cost Analysis


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Investigate on Preparation Process2

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2. Investigate on Preparation Process

� MaterialsMaterialsMaterialsMaterials

� Skim Block Rubber (SBR)Skim Block Rubber (SBR)Skim Block Rubber (SBR)Skim Block Rubber (SBR)

� Standard Malaysian RubberStandard Malaysian RubberStandard Malaysian RubberStandard Malaysian Rubber

(SMR20)(SMR20)(SMR20)(SMR20)

� Base Asphalt Base Asphalt Base Asphalt Base Asphalt

Penetration (25

℃℃℃℃，，，，5s ，，，，100g)(0.1mm)

Softening point

(℃℃℃℃)

Ductility (15℃℃℃℃，，，，cm)

Ductility

(10℃℃℃℃，，，，cm)

Viscosity (60℃℃℃℃,

Pa·s)

Base

Asphalt64 47.5 ＞＞＞＞100 ＞＞＞＞100 184.2

Skim Block Rubber

(SBR)

SMR20


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� Preparation Process Preparation Process Preparation Process Preparation Process

STEP 1• Masticate of natural rubber

STEP 2

• Cut the natural rubber into small pieces

STEP 3

• Shearing with original asphalt with speed of 4000rpm for 1hr

STEP 4• Curing at 150℃℃℃℃-180℃℃℃℃ for 2hr

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� Effect of Preparation TemperatureEffect of Preparation TemperatureEffect of Preparation TemperatureEffect of Preparation Temperature� Dispersible uniformityDispersible uniformityDispersible uniformityDispersible uniformity� Aging property Aging property Aging property Aging property

SBR- Asphalt SMR20 - AsphaltPrep. Temp.: 160-170℃℃℃℃

SBR- Asphalt SMR20 - Asphalt

Prep. Temp.: 160-210℃℃℃℃

The proper preparation The proper preparation The proper preparation The proper preparation temperature: 150temperature: 150temperature: 150temperature: 150℃℃℃℃----180180180180℃℃℃℃

The COMPATIBILITY between The COMPATIBILITY between The COMPATIBILITY between The COMPATIBILITY between NR and asphalt has to be NR and asphalt has to be NR and asphalt has to be NR and asphalt has to be

improvedimprovedimprovedimproved!!!!

54.5

61.0

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

Before aging After aging

So

fte

nin

g p

oin

t ( ℃℃ ℃℃

)

4% of NR by weight of base asphalt

△SP = 6.5℃


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� Effect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing Agent� SMR20 modified asphaltSMR20 modified asphaltSMR20 modified asphaltSMR20 modified asphalt

Fluorescence microscope photo

××××500, Without stabilizer

Prep.Temp.: 160-210℃℃℃℃

××××500, With stabilizer

Prep.Temp.: 160-180℃℃℃℃

3.2

1.8

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Without stabilizer With stabilizer

△△ △△S

P o

f 4

8h

r se

pa

rati

on

te

st (℃℃ ℃℃

)

Do improve Do improve Do improve Do improve the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt

4% of SMR and 3% of Stabilizer by weight

of base asphalt

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� Effect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing Agent� SBR modified asphalt SBR modified asphalt SBR modified asphalt SBR modified asphalt

Have no Have no Have no Have no obvious effect obvious effect obvious effect obvious effect

for SBR for SBR for SBR for SBR modified modified modified modified asphalt asphalt asphalt asphalt

××××200, Without stabilizer

Prep.Temp.: 160-210℃℃℃℃

××××200, With stabilizer

Prep.Temp.: 160-180℃℃℃℃

4% of SBR, Fluorescence microscope photo

4% of SBR, Without stabilizer

Prep. Temp.: 160-170℃℃℃℃

2% of SBR, With stabilizer,

Prep. Temp.: 160-170℃℃℃℃

3% of Stabilizer by weight of base asphalt


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� The suggested preparation temperature is 150The suggested preparation temperature is 150The suggested preparation temperature is 150The suggested preparation temperature is 150℃℃℃℃~180~180~180~180℃℃℃℃ to to to to

avoid materials aging. avoid materials aging. avoid materials aging. avoid materials aging.

� Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural

rubber and base asphalt is not good. rubber and base asphalt is not good. rubber and base asphalt is not good. rubber and base asphalt is not good.

� Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of

SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block

rubber and asphalt system. rubber and asphalt system. rubber and asphalt system. rubber and asphalt system.

ORGANISED BY

2 0 1 7


3 Effect of process parameters


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3. Effect of process parameters

� Effect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contents

47.5

49

50.4

51.852.4

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

0 3 4 5 6

So

fte

nin

g P

oin

t ( ℃℃ ℃℃

)

Contents of SMR20 (%)

Softening Point

184.2

322.5

432.5

530 522.5

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 3 4 5 6V

isco

sity

at

60℃℃ ℃℃

(Pa

·s)


Viscosity at 60℃℃℃℃

� 3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt

� High temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performance

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� Effect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contents� Low temperature performanceLow temperature performanceLow temperature performanceLow temperature performance� Asphalt consistencyAsphalt consistencyAsphalt consistencyAsphalt consistency� Storage stabilityStorage stabilityStorage stabilityStorage stability

100

60.951

19.324.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 3 4 5 6

Du

ctil

ity

a

t 1

0 ℃℃ ℃℃

(cm

)


Ductility at 10 ℃℃℃℃

64

67.5

72.5

62.861.2

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

0 3 4 5 6

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n a

t 2

5 ℃℃ ℃℃

(0.1

mm

)


Penetration at 25℃℃℃℃

2.4

0.7

6.8

3.8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

3 4 5 6△△ △△S

P o

f 4

8h

r se

pa

rati

on

te

st (℃℃ ℃℃

)


Separation test

3% of Stabilizer by weight of base asphalt


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� Effect of stabilizer contentsEffect of stabilizer contentsEffect of stabilizer contentsEffect of stabilizer contents

52.4

50.4

49

49.5

5050.5

51

51.5

52

52.5

53

2 3

So

fte

nin

g P

oin

t ( ℃℃ ℃℃

)

Contents of Stabilizer (%)

Softening Point

477.5

432.5

400

420

440

460

480

500

2 3Vis

cosi

ty a

t 6

0℃℃ ℃℃

(Pa

·s)


Viscosity at 60℃℃℃℃

24.8

51

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2 3Du

ctil

ity

a

t 1

0 ℃℃ ℃℃

(cm

)


Ductility at 10 ℃℃℃℃

61.6

72.5

55

60

65

70

75

2 3

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n a

t 2

5 ℃℃ ℃℃

(0.1

mm

)


Penetration at 25℃℃℃℃

4% of SMR by weight of base asphalt

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� The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase

with increasing SMR20 contents.with increasing SMR20 contents.with increasing SMR20 contents.with increasing SMR20 contents.

� The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition

of stabilizer. of stabilizer. of stabilizer. of stabilizer.

� Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt separately. separately. separately. separately.


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4Comparative study

on rheological performance

2 0 1 7



4. Comparative study on rheological performance

� MaterialsMaterialsMaterialsMaterials� AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80

� SMRSMRSMRSMR----2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer

� SMRSMRSMRSMR----3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer

� SBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of StyreneSBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of StyreneSBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of StyreneSBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of Styrene----butadienebutadienebutadienebutadiene----styrenestyrenestyrenestyrene

block copolymers. block copolymers. block copolymers. block copolymers.

� AR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubberAR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubberAR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubberAR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubber

Penetration (25

℃℃℃℃，，，，5s ，，，，100g)(0.1mm)

Softening point

(℃℃℃℃)

Ductility (15℃℃℃℃，，，，cm)

Ductility

(10℃℃℃℃，，，，cm)

Viscosity (60℃℃℃℃,

Pa·s)

Base

Asphalt64 47.5 ＞＞＞＞100 ＞＞＞＞100 184.2


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Asphalt type AC SMR-2 SBS AR

PG grade PG64-22 PG64-22 PG76-28 PG82-28

� PG gradePG gradePG gradePG grade

Asphalt type AC SMR-2Superpave

standard

DSR

Original asphalt

G*/sinδ (kPa)

64℃℃℃℃ 1.36 2.64≥1.0

70℃℃℃℃ 0.639 1.36

RTFOT

G*/sinδ (kPa)

64℃℃℃℃ 2.62 4.39≥2.2

70℃℃℃℃ 1.20 2.01

PAV

G*sinδ (kPa)25℃℃℃℃ 3612 3210 ≤5000

BBR

-12℃℃℃℃S (MPa) 239 205

S≤300

m≥0.1

m 0.327 0.313

-18℃℃℃℃S (Mpa) 466 417

m 0.250 0.249

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� High temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performance� MultiMultiMultiMulti----step creep and recovery test (MSCR)step creep and recovery test (MSCR)step creep and recovery test (MSCR)step creep and recovery test (MSCR)� AASHTO T350AASHTO T350AASHTO T350AASHTO T350

7.2

1.7

2.1

0.6

7.4

2.7

3.2

0.7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

AC SMR-2 SMR-3 SBS

Jnr

(KP

a-1

)

Jnr0.1

Jnr3.2

High temperature performance: SBS＞SMR-2＞SMR-3＞AC


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� Low temperature performance Low temperature performance Low temperature performance Low temperature performance � Bending beam Bending beam Bending beam Bending beam rheometerrheometerrheometerrheometer test (BBR)test (BBR)test (BBR)test (BBR)� AASHTO T313AASHTO T313AASHTO T313AASHTO T313

239

205

128

466

417

259

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

AC SMR-2 SBS

S (

MP

a)

-12℃

-18℃

0.3270.313

0.38

0.25 0.249

0.318

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

AC SMR-2 SBSm

-12℃

-18℃

Low temperature performance: SBS＞SMR-2＞AC

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� Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified

asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and

Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts. Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts. Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts. Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts.

� The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved

by modified with SMR to a certain degree. by modified with SMR to a certain degree. by modified with SMR to a certain degree. by modified with SMR to a certain degree.


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5 Economic analysis

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5. Economic analysis

SMR SBS AR

Raw

Materials

Base asphalt 1446.5 1446.5 1446.5

SMR20 7484.25 / /

SBS

copolymer/ 12500 /

Tire Crumb

rubber/ / 1000

Stabilizer 3125 3125 /

Others / 625 /

Products 1809 2023 1627

� Price estimationPrice estimationPrice estimationPrice estimation

Notes: The formula of each products are estimated as below:

SMR: 100% Asphalt+4% SMR20+2% Stabilizer

SBS: 100% Asphalt+4% SBS copolymer +2.4% Stabilizer+0.12% Others

AR: 100% Asphalt+18% Tire crumb rubber


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6 Conclusion

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6. Conclusion

� Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion � By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing

agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.� Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and

stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. � Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is

better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb rubber modified asphalt. rubber modified asphalt. rubber modified asphalt. rubber modified asphalt.

� The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and detail economic analysis should be further investigated. detail economic analysis should be further investigated. detail economic analysis should be further investigated. detail economic analysis should be further investigated.


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Thank you！！！！WWW.JSTI.COM

WWW.NLARM.CN

Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. RongjiRongjiRongjiRongji CaoCaoCaoCao

E-mail: [email protected]

National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Road Materials

27-28/4/2017 rubber in...

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