26 january 2000 copyright mimos berhad 1999, 2000 internet governance the asean regional workshop on...

Copyright MIMOS Berhad 1999, 200026 January 2000

Internet Governance

The ASEAN Regional Workshop On Building Knowledge Societies (ARW)


Scope of Discussion• Introduction

– The Internet and Global Knowledge

– Impact of the Internet

– What is Internet governance?

– Why is Internet governance important?

• Elements of Internet governance– Management of Internet Names and Addresses

– Cross border issues

• Conclusion/Action points


Global Knowledge and the Internet

Introduction

Internet is a tool for communicationInternet is a tool for communication

Accessibility Accessibility to global to global

resourcesresources

Affordability Affordability of accessof access

Internet culture Internet culture of sharing of sharing

information and information and consensus consensus

buildingbuilding

Creation of knowledge in speed and Creation of knowledge in speed and reach not experienced through reach not experienced through

“traditional” forms of communication“traditional” forms of communication

Human developmentHuman development


How many online• Still growing

Introduction

1.01.0

2.02.0

3.03.0

4.04.0

% o

f T

ota

l Po

pu

lati

on

% o

f T

ota

l Po

pu

lati

on

Jan ‘9

6

Jan ‘9

6

Sept‘9

7

Sept‘9

7

Jul ‘

98

Jul ‘

98

April ‘9

9

April ‘9

9

Country

Worldwide growthWorldwide growth

Australia

China

Hong Kong

Japan

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

South Korea

Taiwan

1997 1998

6.7 24.2

0.001 0.1

7.90 13.40

6.32 11.1

0.15 0.3

9.1 15.8

0.01 0.03

1.53 3.9

5.0 12.9

% of Total Population

So

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: NU

A In

tern

et Su

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UA

Inte

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Introduction

Impact of the Impact of the InternetInternet

in both online and in both online and offline environmentoffline environment

Trade and

Commerce

Science and

Science and

Technology

Technology

Politics andGovernment

Society and

Community


Why is Internet governance important?

• Internet affects everyone, in both online and offline environments

• To maximise the benefits of the Internet for everyone by ensuring

– the stability and integrity of the Internet

–equal opportunity for participation in the development of the Internet

Introduction


Elements of Internet governance


Elements of Internet Governance

• Management of Internet Names and Addresses – What are Internet Names and Addresses (INA)

– Why INA governance issues are important

– INA governance issues and possible obstacles

• Cross-border issues – Security

> Governance issues

– Content management> Governance issues



What are Internet Names and Addresses

• “Domain names are the familiar and easy-to-remember names for Internet computers (e.g. “www.ecommerce.gov”). ….” - White Paper by US Dept of Commerce

– generic top level domain names (gTLD)

– country code top level domain names (ccTLD)



What are Internet Names and Addresses

• Internet protocol (IP) numbers -- unique numbers (e.g. 98.37.241.30) that serve as routing addresses for domain names on the Internet.

– Allocated by ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers), RIPE (Réseaux IP Européens) and APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre)

• Protocol -- Internet standards

– IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

The domain name system (DNS) translates Internet names into the IP numbers needed for

transmission of information across the network.



Why are domain names important?

Because of its:

• Impact on identity

• Commercial value

• Impact on sovereignty

• Intellectual property value

And sometimes they are in conflict

Elements of Internet governance Names and Addresses


Evolution of DNS Governance

• Internet Assigned Names Authority (IANA)

• US Government’s initiative to change the current management of Internet names and addresses– The Green Paper

> open to public scrutiny and comment

– The White Paper> "responsible private-sector action is preferable to

government control”

• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)– 25 November 1998 -- MoU signed between US Dept of

Commerce and ICANN, as the entity described in the White Paper



Current Status• Current status

– Interim ICANN board presently functioning and active

– The various components of ICANN’s structure are currently being finalised; to be resolved in year 2000

> Board of directors> At large membership> Supporting Organisations> Advisory Committees

The development is controversial and turbulent



INA Governance Issue


INVOLVEMENT•To ensure equitable representation

•To avoid dominance by a party

Non-involvement bydeveloping nations

Possible obstacles:•Cost • Technical expertise •

• Culture • Language •


Conclusion/Action points• How to raise this awareness in developing nations and

amongst the people?

– That will result in developing nations and its people making an informed decisions whether to involve themselves or not

• How to encourage involvement in the Internet governance systems and processes? – Government

– Private sector

– People

• How to facilitate cooperation amongst developing nations and its people in Internet governance matters?

Conclusion

And what are their roles?

26 january 2000 copyright mimos berhad 1999, 2000 internet governance the asean regional workshop on...

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