24th semcon - aalborg universitet · 24th semcon december 21th, 2011 aalborg university 09.10 –...

24TH SEMCON SCIENTIFIC METHODS AND COMMUNICATION (SMAC)

DECEMBER 21th, 2011

AALBORG UNIVERSITY

FREDERIK BAJERS VEJ 7

AALBORG Ø

DENMARK

FINAL PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS

SMAC FINAL PROGRAM 2011

24th SEMCON December 21th, 2011 Aalborg University

List of Abstracts 2011

Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (Sundhedsteknologi, ST)

11gr770 Contralateral spinal excitability after unilateral locomotor training

Jon Ingi Bergsteinsson, Federico Bolner, Maciej Plocharski,

Rasmus Stengaard Sørensen

11gr771 Model based prediction of interstitial fluid glucose using a Kalman filter

Camilla Steenvinkel, Juri Osmolovski, Rikke Mortensen, and Peter Lund

11gr772 Assessment of feedback combined with modified PAS to induce neuroplasticity in

motor cortex

Jesper Rasmussen, Søren Dueholm, Rune Poulsen, Na Li

11gr773 Day-to-day prediction of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease based on telecare

M.A. Boysen, J.B. Nielsen, I.P. Peña and V. Rohu

11gr774 An in vitro pig nerve model for evaluation of stimulation selectivity of the

transverse intrfascicular multichannel electrode

Martina Corazzol, Anthony Bao Huy Ngo, Ditte Johanne Haulrich , Piotr Plocharski



Sport science (Idræt, IDR)

11gr900 Effects of school-based physical activity programs on concentration and physical

health.

Jacobsen J.R., Klug C., Sørensen J.F., & Sørensen B.S.

11gr901 Which exercise induces the highest ratio in abductor hallucis compared

to the calf muscles in 21-35 year old athletes?

René Børge Korsgaard Brund and Morten Tipsmark Sigaard

11gr903 Pressure pain sensitivity of adolescent male football players:

Effects of location and turf type.

Per Krogh Mikkelsen and Brian P. Hoej

11gr904 Motivation parameters as the coaches in Sport 2 Go use

Rikke Vandvig

11gr905 Peer feedback as a motivator in physical education

Mikkel Curth

11gr906 Physical education in the common gymnasium – status?

Malene Stensgaard Pedersen

11gr907 Age-related training progression in physical training for youth ice hockey players.

Nicholas Krobath Olesen



Oral Session 8 minutes for presentation and 2 minutes for discussion

Room A4-106

Conference Opening and Welcome

Conference Chair: Ole K. Andersen Co- chairs: Mark De Zee **Oral presentation *Poster presentation

08.15 – 08.20 Conference Opening

08.20 – 08.30 IDR-900: Effects of school-based physical activity programs on

concentration and physical health.


08.30 – 08.40 ST-770: Contralateral spinal excitability after unilateral locomotor

training

Jon Ingi Bergsteinsson*, Federico Bolner, Maciej Plocharski**,


08.40 – 08.50 IDR-901: Which exercise induces the highest ratio in abductor hallucis

compared to the calf muscles in 21-35 year old athletes?

René Børge Korsgaard Brund** and Morten Tipsmark Sigaard*

08.50 – 09.00 IDR-903: Pressure pain sensitivity of adolescent male football players:


Per Krogh Mikkelsen** and Brian P. Hoej*

09.00 – 09.10 Break



09.10 – 09.20 ST-771: Model based prediction of interstitial fluid glucose using a

Kalman filter


09.20 – 09.30 IDR-904: Motivation parameters as the coaches in Sport 2 Go use

Rikke Vandvig*,**

09.30 – 09.40 ST-772: Assessment of feedback combined with modified PAS to induce

neuroplasticity in motor cortex


09.40 – 09.50 IDR-905: Peer feedback as a motivator in physical education

Mikkel Curth*,**

09.50 – 10.00 Break

10.00 – 10.10 IDR-906: Physical education in the common gymnasium – status?

Malene Stensgaard Pedersen*,**

10.10 – 10.20 ST-773: Day-to-day prediction of exacerbations in patients with chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease based on telecare

M.A. Boysen**, J.B. Nielsen*, I.P. Peña and V. Rohu

10.20 – 10.30 IDR-907: Age-related training progression in physical training for youth

ice hockey players.

Nicholas Krobath Olesen*,**



10.30 – 10.40 ST-774: An in vitro pig nerve model for evaluation of stimulation

selectivity of the transverse intrfascicular multichannel electrode

Martina Corazzol*, Anthony Bao Huy Ngo, Ditte Johanne Haulrich , Piotr

Plocharski**

10.40 – 11.00 Break



Poster Session 5 minutes for presentation and 5 minutes for discussion

Room: A4-106 Chairman: Ole K. Andersen

11.00 – 11.10 IDR-900: Effects of school-based physical activity programs on

concentration and physical health.


11.10 – 11.20 ST-770: Contralateral spinal excitability after unilateral locomotor

training

Jon Ingi Bergsteinsson*, Federico Bolner, Maciej Plocharski**,


11.20 – 11.30 IDR-901: Which exercise induces the highest ratio in abductor hallucis

compared to the calf muscles in 21-35 year old athletes?

René Børge Korsgaard Brund** and Morten Tipsmark Sigaard*

11.30 – 11.40 IDR-903: Pressure pain sensitivity of adolescent male football players:


Per Krogh Mikkelsen** and Brian P. Hoej*

11.40 – 11.50 ST-771: Model based prediction of interstitial fluid glucose using a

Kalman filter


11.50 – 12.00 IDR-904: Motivation parameters as the coaches in Sport 2 Go use

Rikke Vandvig*,**

Conference closure



Poster Session 5 minutes for presentation and 5 minutes for discussion

Room: A4‐108 Chairman: Mark De Zee

11.00 – 11.10 ST-772: Assessment of feedback combined with modified PAS to induce

neuroplasticity in motor cortex


11.10 – 11.20 IDR-905: Peer feedback as a motivator in physical education

Mikkel Curth*,**

11.20 – 11.30 IDR-906: Physical education in the common gymnasium – status?

Malene Stensgaard Pedersen*,**

11.30 – 11.40 ST-773: Day-to-day prediction of exacerbations in patients with chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease based on telecare

M.A. Boysen**, J.B. Nielsen*, I.P. Peña and V. Rohu

11.40 – 11.50 IDR-907: Age-related training progression in physical training for youth

ice hockey players.

Nicholas Krobath Olesen*,**

11.50 – 12.00 ST-774: An in vitro pig nerve model for evaluation of stimulation

selectivity of the transverse intrfascicular multichannel electrode

Martina Corazzol*, Anthony Bao Huy Ngo, Ditte Johanne Haulrich , Piotr

Plocharski**

Conference closure



List of Abstracts 2011

Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (Sundhedsteknologi, ST)

11gr770 Contralateral spinal excitability after unilateral locomotor training

Jon Ingi Bergsteinsson, Federico Bolner, Maciej Plocharski,


Introduction: Recently, studies regarding the central pattern generator (CPG) in the human have

received more attention due to its potential to improve rehabilitation training for spinal cord

injured patients [1]. There is evidence of a spinal rhythm generating system in cats, but in contrast

to animal studies, indirect evidence from reflex studies has to be used in order to evaluate the

contribution of a possible CPG to human movements. The H-reflex has been shown to be a

valuable tool in assessing modulation of monosynaptic reflex activity in the spinal cord and can be

used to assess the response of the nervous system to different neurologic conditions. An

investigation of the possible connections of spinal circuits contributing to locomotion was

performed by altering the walking pattern of one leg and observing possible excitability changes in

the spinal circuits controlling the contralateral limb, represented by H-reflex modulation.

Methods and Materials: Subjects (n=21) performed 16 minutes of unilateral backward walking

training. The H-reflex peak-to-peak values have been recorded before and after training from the

contralateral soleus muscle, both during unilateral and bilateral walking.

Results: The results show that the training does not significantly affect the H-reflex neither during

unilateral (p=0.464) nor during bilateral walking (p=0.573).

Discussion: The results did not show a significant change in the H-reflex. However, evidence

supports extensive adaptive plasticity in human muscle afferent pathways in the form of

locomotion training, which could result in increased or reduced H-reflex amplitude [2]. While the

adaptation time range for adaptive plasticity in cutaneous pathways is uncertain [2], one could

suggest that after a different type of training (e.g. more intense and/or longer sessions) a change

could be observed in the soleus H-reflex. However, our study did not show any significant changes

in the H-reflex mean peak-to-peak values after contralateral backwards training.

References:

[1] Marder E, Bucher D, Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements.

Current biology, 2001, Vol 11 No 23, R986-R996.

[2] Zehr E, Training-induced adaptive plasticity in human somatosensory reflex pathways. Journal

of Applied Physiology, 2006, Vol 101, 1783-1794.



11gr771 Model based prediction of interstitial fluid glucose using a Kalman filter


Background

Hypoglycaemia presents a significant fear among people with Type 1 diabetes, leading to poor

glycaemic control and an increased risk of complications. Prediction of the capillary glucose

concentration can potentially help preventing hypoglycaemia. Prediction of the Interstitial Fluid

(ISF) glucose is a step towards prediction of hypoglycaemic episodes. The latest technological

progress has made Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) possible. It was the aim of this study to

develop a mathematical model that can predict glucose concentration in ISF thirty minutes ahead.

Methods

Accessible data was used to develop a mathematical model. A Kalman filter was used to predict

glucose concentration in ISF. A Linear Autoregressive model (AR) was used for parameter

estimation needed for the Kalman filter. The model was evaluated using residual plots.

Results

The developed mathematical model was evaluated; variance for the AR + Kalman model was

1.7113 mmol/L, and the mean value was 1.0016 mmol/L. Further model analysis showed that the

developed model used a one step ahead prediction; the prediction of following steps

corresponded to a conservative prediction approach.

Discussion

The mathematical model estimates the ISF glucose thirty minutes ahead. Evaluation of the model

shows that the prediction error is high due to the conservative prediction. The mathematical

model is purely based on the glucose measurements in ISF, and physiological factors are not

considered. The model is a step toward prediction of hypoglycaemia. However, for use in clinical

practice, the model needs to be improved, optimised and combined with a physiological model.



11gr772 Assessment of feedback combined with modified PAS to induce neuroplasticity in

motor cortex


Introduction: Stroke consumes 2-4% of total healthcare costs and increasing incidence highlights the importance of developing new care and rehabilitation techniques. Full motor recovery is not possible at present[1]. Brain computer interface (BCI) systems can be used to induce neuroplasticity. Previous studies have succeeded to artificially induce plasticity in primary motor cortex using techniques such as paired associative stimulation (PAS) with transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to primary motor cortex and peripheral stimulation applied to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). It is believed that integrating a visual feedback system into a BCI system could improve motivation among subjects and thereby improve the induced neuroplasticity[2]. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the effects different levels of positive sham feedback and no feedback has on the induced plasticity in subjects, using a modified PAS technique. Methods and Material: Experiments were performed on five healthy volunteers. Subjects were introduced to a baseline session and three intervention sessions. Intervention sessions were divided into 60% positive feedback, 80% positive feedback and no feedback. Movement evoked potential- (MEP) and sensory evoked potential (SEP) measurements were conducted prior and subsequent to every intervention. Pre and post MEP and SEP measurements were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and an independent t-test, to determine if there were any significant statistical differences between sessions. Results:TA MEP sizes showed a non-significant increase between the positive visual sham feedback levels (P=0.24) and between the pre and post measurements (P=0.265). In addition, SEP amplitudes showed a non-significant amplitude increase (P=0.88). Discussion: The results suggest sham feedback has no significant effect on induced plasticity in subjects compared to no feedback, thus sham feedback is not preferred. Due to low number of subjects (n=5) the representability of the sample group were limited and standard deviations were high. Studies with more subjects should be conducted to examine the aim more profoundly. References : [1] Feigin, V. L., Lawes, C. M. M., Bennett, D. A. and Anderson, C. S., “Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century”, The Lancet Neurology, vol. 2, pp.43-53, 2003. [2] Brown, B. S., Daniel, M. and Gorman, D. R., “Visual feed-back and strength improvement”, National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22-24, 1984.



11gr773 Day-to-day prediction of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease based on telecare

M.A. Boysen, J.B. Nielsen, I.P. Peña and V. Rohu

Introduction: Exacerbations in COPD patients constitute major events with worsening of

symptoms associated with an increase in mortality and a permanent decrease in quality of life [1].

Over 23.000 hospitalizations in Denmark are caused by exacerbations every year [2]. The aim of

this study was to predict exacerbations online using only the physiological parameters provided by

telemetric monitoring to facilitate early treatment.

Methods and Materials: Data was collected from 57 patients enrolled in the Telekat project.

Measurements covered blood pressure, heart rate and saturation. Each patient’s data were

divided into exacerbation and control episodes. For the entire episode set, features were

calculated based on all combinations of the physiological parameters, statistical measures and

time intervals. 273 features were evaluated. The K-nearest-neighbor method and the linear

discriminant analysis were used to classify the episodes. The performance of the classifiers was

evaluated with the area under the ROC curves, specificity and sensitivity.

Results: The best performing classifier used linear discriminant analysis. The classifier used the

standard deviation of the saturation and the slope from the linear regression of the saturation.

The classifier was trained using 10 exacerbation episodes and 19 control episodes. The classifier

yielded a sensitivity = 70%, a positive predictivity = 95% and AUC=0.78.

Discussion: The classifiers using linear discriminant analysis performed well. Other studies have

described the period before an exacerbation as the onset period, supporting our findings [3].

Patients only measured once a week, lowering the number of usable episodes. The under sampling

and lack of randomization in the telemedicine project has to be acknowledged.

References:

[1] P.J.Barnes,S.I.Rennard,J.M.Drazen,and N.C.Thomson, eds 2.,”Asthma and COPD,” Elsevier Ltd, 2 ed., 2009. [2] Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, Danmark, “Kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom (kol),” Folkesundhedsrapport, 2007. [3] T. M. A. Wilkinson, G. C. Donaldson, J. R. Hurst, T. A. R. Seemungal, and J. A. Wedzicha, “Early therapy improves outcomes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2004.



11gr774 An in vitro pig nerve model for evaluation of stimulation selectivity of the

transverse intrfascicular multichannel electrode

Martina Corazzol, Anthony Bao Huy Ngo, Ditte Johanne Haulrich , Piotr Plocharski

Introduction: Active prostheses require a bidirectional interface between the nervous system and the device, if sensory/motor limb functions are to be replicated [1]. Electrode selectivity is best achieved with intraneural electrodes [2], and studies performed to evaluate these are done in in vivo animal models. The aim of this study was to develop and test an in vitro model as an alternative tool for evaluation of the stimulation selectivity of the intraneural Transverse Intrafascicular Multichannel Electrode (TIME) in the pig median nerve. Methods and Material: Pig median nerves were explanted in order to stimulate with TIME. The nerve was stimulated with incrementing current intensity sweeps, with an extraneural cuff electrode every 30 min to quantify 100 % activation, and monopolar TIME stimulation was performed at each contact side of TIME. Evoked compound nerve action potential was recorded on a fascicular level. TIME data was normalized to the cuff, and the Area under the Curve (AuC) was used to quantify activation. The AuC’s were used to plot recruitment curves and calculated the resulting selectivity index (SI). Results: The SI calculated were found to be fluctuating between 0-200 µA. The SI curves for the current intensity interval between 200 µA and 600 µA seem to contain most of the relevant changes of the SI. The calculated SI in the interval above 600 µA exhibits a general tendency to reach a constant level for all activated channels. In the relevant interval of 200 µA and 600 µA, no activated channels reached an SI value higher than 0.5. Discussion: In vitro studies, contrary to in vivo, allow more detailed ENG recordings for determine selectivity. The level of selectivity was limited as only activation of some groups of fascicles was achieved. This model represents a refinement to test the selectivity and opens the possibility to investigate the field of sensory response. References: [1] Micera et al. Decoding information from neural signals recorded using intraneural electrodes: Toward the development of a neurocontrolled hand prosthesis. Proceedings of the IEEE, 98, No. 3, 2010. [2] Badia et al. Comparative analysis of transverse intrafascicular multichannel, longitudinal intrafascicular and multipolar cuff electrodes for the selective stimulation of nerve fascicles. Journal of Neural Engineering, 8, 2011.



Sport science (Idræt, IDR)

11gr900 Effects of school-based physical activity programs on concentration and physical

health.


Introduction: Danish children gets less physical active in the childhood, even though exercise should be an important part of all children’s everyday life. The hypothesis of this study is that active breaks in the normal schedule will optimize children’s condition and make them more concentrated during academic education time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based physical activity intervention while maintaining or improving academic concentration in a group of elementary children. Methods: This study was preformed after a semi-structured-action-research-design in corporation with Hornum School. The three different intervention (N=64) programs and the one control(N=18) program were given to the four classes(two eight and two nine grade) attending the study(N=82, age 14-16). Group 8.b(N=25) received a school-based program with active breaks. Group 8.a(N=23) received a school-based program inactive breaks. Group 9.b(N=14) followed a new school invented program(i.e. 15 min. Walk) once every day. Group 9.a was control(N=18) performing usual practice(UP). Teacher activity logs determined student class-task-concentration(CTC) during academic instruction after each class. Concentration scores were recruited from the students (baseline, middle, post). Physical logs for each group was determined (baseline, middle, post)with qualitative physical activity questionnaires, test(Yo-Yo) and measurement. Independent t-tests compared descriptive variables between groups(INT)(UP). A controlled-experimental-interventions-study-design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Energizers. A three-way (time [pre- vs. post-observation] period[baseline vs. middle vs. post]) repeated-measures analysis of variance compared(CTC) between observation periods. Results: We expect to find that more physical active children gets in better sharp and gets more concentrated by using the school-based program with energizers. The students with inactive breaks are expected only to get more concentrated while the students with the 15 min walk probably only gets in better shape. Discussion: Other studies have had same agenda all with different results, both positive and negative. This study has tried to combine different elements from other studies to make a model believed to be a good way to practice physical activity in school. This study is an application to other studies and will hopefully provide the next step towards making school children more physical active and more concentrated. Referencer:

Matthew T. Mahar et al., 2006, Effect of a Classroom-Based Program on Physical Activity and On-Task Behavior.

Yasmin Ahamed et al., 2007, School-Based Physical Activity Does Not Compromise Children's

Academic Performance



11gr901 Which exercise induces the highest ratio in abductor hallucis compared

to the calf muscles in 21-35 year old athletes?

René Børge Korsgaard Brund and Morten Tipsmark Sigaard

Introduction: The objectives of this study is to investigate two methods for fatiguing the AH. The investigation is a pilot study for later measurements of the intrinsic foot muscles, with Abductor Hallucis (AH) representing these muscles, and the affect they have on vertical jumping performance. Fatigue is defined as decrement in AH twitch frequency post the fatiguing short-foot or Isotonic exercise. The pilot study in hand should also prove the fatiguing effect on the calf’s during the exercises, because of knowledge made from other hand shows that intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles are highly related. Methods and Material: The isotonic fatiguing exercise was done by flexing the toes attached to a rope that went around a topfixed pulleywheel with 4,50kg of weights in the other end [1]. The short foot fatigue exercise was done by shortening the foot in an anterior-posterior direction without flexing the toes [2]. The muscle activity in Soleus, Lateral Gastocnemius and AH was measured during the exercises with EMG. The muscle activity was compared in eye of investigating the fatigue level of both AH and calf’s. Fatigue was measured from maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) by contracting the intrinsic foot muscles for 5 sec. pre and post fatigued. The MVIC was contributing to calculate the median frequency and mean frequency and the highest frequency pre and post was then used for measuring the amount of fatigue. Results: Muscle activity in AH was 0.97[+/-0.56] higher than in the calf’s during isotonic contraction whereas the short foot exercise was 3.7[+/-1.2] time higher than the calf’s and the difference was significant (0.004). Besides this it was unsure if the exercise induced fatigue. Discussion: The results weren’t consistent with findings from other authors, which could be due to different fatigue length and protocols. Others continued to fatigue until fatigue was measured. References:

[1]Donella L. Headlee, et al. Fatigue of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles increases navicular drop. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 18 (2008) 420–425

[2]Do-Young Jung, et. al. A comparison in the muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and the

medial longitudinal arch angle during toe curl and short foot exercises. Physical Therapy in Sport

12 (2011) 30-35



11gr903 Pressure pain sensitivity of adolescent male football players:


Per Krogh Mikkelsen and Brian P. Hoej

Introduction: Due the increasing set in of artificial turf by football clubs and limit knowledge of

injuries and pain complaints when used by adolescent players. The purpose of this study was to

investigate muscular soreness of the lower extremity in relation to training on natural grass (NT)

and artificial turf (NT).

Methods and materials: A total of 56 players from Aab A/S football club participated in the study;

14 U15-players (Age =13,4±0,4; BMI = 19±1,2), 17 U17-players (Age=15,3±0,7; BMI = 21±1,6) and

25 U19-players (Age =17,4±0,6; BMI=22,3±1,5). Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured

over 13 locations of the lower limb on the non-dominate side. Muscle belly on locations were

preferred for measuring for sensitivity to pain. Players were measured while playing on natural

grass and again after a period of three weeks playing on AT. Furthermore players were requested

to rate their perception of pain / soreness on the two turf type with (1) during activity, (2) at rest.

VAS-scores were filled out immediately after PPT-measuring.

Results: A three way ANOVA test showed a significant effect of measurement points on PPT

(F=18,775, P<0,001). PPT-measuring showed no significant difference within factors of age

(team)(F=2,291, P=0,102) and turf type(F=1,076, P=0,300). For VAS-score a significant effect within

the factor, turf type (F=18,183, P<0,001. Post-Hoc test analysis showed significantly higher rating

on VAS-score after three weeks of playing on AT (P<0,001, Tukey), an increase of 0,8cm. Locations

difference were significant difference (P<0,001) between the calcancus and the three metatarsal

bone 1;2;3 for plantar foot.

Discussion: Football player’s sensitivity to pressure pain for plantar foot compared to regular

people.

The higher VAS-score indicated a general negative impression of artificial turf could still be going

amongst today’s young players, due there was no difference in PPT measurements.

Some earlier studies suggested that adolescent players on AT, had higher risk of lower back pain.

Our investigation found no significant difference with adolescent players.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between turf types, and age (team) for PPT

measuring point, therefore the muscle pain sensitivity similar to playing on NT vs. AT. Based on the

VAS-score rating AT has a negative impression, regardless investigates of third generation artificial

turf has showed to be similar to natural grass.

Reference: Dominguez et al. 2011 (Not published), Ekstrand et al. 2011, Aoki et al. 2010.

Key words: Artificial turf, Pressure pain threshold, Visual analog Scale, Plantar foot, lower limbs.



11gr904 Motivation parameters as the coaches in Sport 2 Go use

Rikke Vandvig

Introduction: DGI North Jylland have in collaboration with Aalborg council commenced a project

called Sport 2 Go. This is an opportunity for young people to get acquainted with sports due to

that many young people drop out of sports associations. The purpose of Sport 2 Go is to offer

different kinds of sport to young people between the ages of 12-25.To join the different sport

sessions a Sport 2 Go passport is required and a sms has to be send before the start of the session.

The purpose of this study is to find which motivation parameters the coach’s use in the training

compared to Self-determination theory (SDT) and the effects of these parameters on the athletes.

Methods: Three kinds of methods are used to collect data in this project: observations,

questionnaire and interviews for respectively basketball, futsal and qienball. The data collection

was made over two training sessions. The observations were conducted at the first training

session while the questionnaires of the athletes for the three different sports were collected at the

second. After the last training session three interviews with the coaches were made [1]. All the

methods used were based on SDT [2].

Each sport is divided into intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation, where an

analysis based on SDT is made [2]. The intrinsic motivation is divided into three parts and extrinsic

motivation is divided into four parts [2,3].

Results and discussion: These motivation forms which are commonly used by the coaches are

integrated regulation which is an extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Both are

motivation forms where autonomy is important. The coaches used both intrinsic and extrinsic

motivation and this is in high agreement with the literature. The results cannot be generalized for

all Sport 2 Go athletes and coaches because this study only focuses on three sports. Other topics

like comparison between the sports, motivation parameters effect on the athletes, other

parameters which can be used to motivate the athletes, are elaborated in the project as well as

method of criticism.

References:

[1]Brophy, Jere [2010], Motivation Students to Learn, Routledge, third edition; Brinkmann,

[2]Svend og Tanggaard, Lene (red.)[2010], Kvalitative metoder – en grundbog, Hans Reitzel Forlag

[3] Carbonneau, Noémie; Vallerand, Robert J. og Lafreniére, Marc-André [2011], A Tripartite model

of intrinsic motivation, Journal of personality



11gr905 Peer feedback as a motivator in physical education

Mikkel Curth

Introduction:Educators have observed that children before they enter school have a limitless

thirst for knowledge [1]. Several years later, those same children are found attention straying.

Suddenly, the students motivation has become a problem. At the same time the size of the

physical education classes are increasing which means that the teacher has less time to provide

feedback to each student [2]. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the role of peer

feedback at student motivation in a volleyball class. For that purpose a peer feedback course

based on self-determination theory by Deci & Ryan [3] was planned, which means that the student

have to feel competence, autonomy and relatedness.

Methods and Material:14 students was paired and then briefed about how they should provide

feedback to their peers. The volleyball teacher was told not to provide direct feedback to the

students, but instead help the peers to provide the feedback. The study was carried out over four

lessons. It was a phenomenological study, which means the purpose was to understand the

experience from the participant’s point of view. To collect data a semi-structured interview with

the teacher, a semi-structured group interview with eight students and observations from each

lesson, was carried out. Additionally the students had to fill out a diary after the lessons.

Results:The study showed that the students in the light of peer feedback felt: 1) They had a say

and was in control, 2) high perceived competence based on tailored challenges through

individualized instruction and the focus on correct performance, 3) a positive interpersonal

environment by having a partner and 4) the teaching style was relevant and they was involved in

the process. Furthermore the feedback must be 5) specific so it will be manageable for the

students.

Discussion:The study shows that peer feedback enhances the students feeling of competence,

autonomy and relatedness and thereby enhances the students’ intrinsic motivation in a volleyball

class.

References:

[1] Shernoff DJ, Csikszentmihalyi, M, Flow in schools, in: Gilman, R. (ed.), Handbook of positive

psychology in schools, Routledge, 2009: 131-146

[2] Bech H, Hornbek AMB, Behrens K, Klassekvotienter i de gymnasiale uddannelser, UNI●C

Statistik & Analyse, 2011, 1-13

[3] Deci EL, Ryan RM, Overview of Self-Determination Theory, in Deci, E.L & Ryan (ed.), Handbook

of self-determination research, University of Rochester Press, 2002: 3-33



11gr906 Physical education in the common gymnasium – status?

Malene Stensgaard Pedersen

Introduction: The purpose of this project is to research the current status of the physical

education (PE) classes in the Danish gymnasium. The research question is: Which status holds the

PE in the common gymnasium? Some hypothesis is: (a) the PE classes is not taken seriously by the

students, (b) PE classes is used by the students to unwind from the other classes, (c) the PE has

changed status after the reform of the gymnasium 2005.The present research on the area is

limited, only containing 3 Danish studies within the same area of content [1]. The present study

wishes to complement the current research and give ideas to new research.

Methods and Material: The used methods to conduct the date are qualitative interviews. The

participants are two PE teachers, six gymnasium students and a principal. All is from a Danish

gymnasium in the city of Aalborg. The students are interviewed in a group, whereas the teachers

and the principal are interviewed individually. The methods are based on theory by Kvale &

Brinkmann (2009) [1] and the analysis of the data is based on a hermeneutic approach, where

selected parts of the transcriptions is first analysed separated and then looked at in context with

the whole interview again.

Results and discussion: The findings shows, that the PE classes is not taken seriously by the

student due to a lack of comparison with other classes in the gymnasium. The students miss a

more theoretical approach to PE. The teachers and the principal think PE is a very important class,

because it is so different from the other classes, and it gives the students an opportunity to learn

about the importance of health and physical activity. They think the different values in the PE

classes are important, because the students can’t acquire these anywhere else [3], but the

students disagree. Other issue like exams and interdisciplinary courses concerns the informants.

Future research should investigate which effect an exam in PE would have on the status of the

course.

References:

[1] Agergaard CS (2004). Idræt og boldspil i gymnasieskolen – set fra elevernes perspektiv. GISP

no.117, marts 2004, p.41-53.

[2] Kvale, S & Brinkmann S. (2009). Interview: Introduktion til et håndværk (2. ed.). Hans Reitzels.

[3] Rønholt H. & Peitersen B. (red.) (2008). Idrætsundervisning: En grundbog i idrætsdidaktik.

Museum Tusculanums Forlag.



11gr907 Age-related training progression in physical training for youth ice hockey players.

Nicholas Krobath Olesen

The aim of this report was to illuminate and create an overview of how an age-related physical training progression in relation to ice hockey. The report is based on U11 to U17 teams. Along with the growing emphasis on elite sport for children, age-related training progression in recent years has become a widespread phenomenon in many sports. However the chapters are often relatively short and do not describe the progression of the training. The method for literature search for the project provided multiple perspectives. Part 1 provided knowledge about hockey, training and work demands. Part 2 provided training for children. SportDiscus and Scopus were used during September and October 2011. Several of the physical parameters can be trained isolated, but science shows that achieving multiple effects at one type of training is possible. Therefore, several parameters are combined. The balance and coordination training can, be combined in the agility, strength and plyometric training. In strength training, players in the prepuberty do 8-15 reps for 2-3 sets, and have 6, -12 exercises that trains the entire body. The elderly during puberty will reduce the number of repetitions, while the load is gradually increased. For plyometric training started with a few repetitions with low impacts in landings. This number should jump gradually increases, thus aiming to reach between 92 and 190 jumps per workout. In the progression it is important to look at the players' age. At U11 and U13 the players are in prepuberty and a fun and playing approach preferable. Variation should be the focus, so the players will be stimulated as many physical parameters as possible. At U15 and U17 players who are in puberty begins specialization of training. The physical training begins to include more sports-specific elements and a gradual increase in intensity. References: Twist, Peter, and Rhodes, Ted. (1993a) A Physiological Analysis of Ice Hockey Positions. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal. 1993. 15(6). 44-46. Twist, Peter., and Rhodes, Ted. (1993b) The Bioenergetic and Physiological Demands of Ice Hockey. National Strength and Conditioning Journal. 1993. 15(5). 68-70. David G. Behm, Michael J. Wahl, Duane C. Button, Kevin E. Power, and Kenneth G. Anderson

(2010). Relationship between hockey skating speed and selected performance measures. . Journal

of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2005, 19(2), 326–331



24TH SEMCON 21TH OF DECEMBER, 2011

SCIENTIFIC METHODS AND COMMUNICATION (SMAC)

PROGRAMME AT GLANCE:

During Poster Viewing sessions at least one author should be present at the poster, to explain and discuss

the idea and results of the project with other participants.

Time Room A4-106 Room A4-108

08.00-08.15 Poster Mounting Poster Mounting

08.15-08.20 Conference opening

08.20-09.00 Oral Session

09.00-09.10 Break Break





11.00-12.00 Poster Session Poster Session

Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7

Aalborg Ø Denmark

24th semcon - aalborg universitet · 24th semcon december 21th, 2011 aalborg university 09.10 –...

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