21st Century Internet--Engineering an 'Always-On' World

Invited Talk

School of Engineering, UC Santa Cruz

Santa Cruz, CA

May 24, 2002

Dr. Larry Smarr

Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

21st Century Internet--Engineering an 'Always-On' World

The 21st Century Internet is rapidly extending beyond the wired world of PCs into a pervasive information infrastructure, enabled via a combination of wireless local area networks, the third generation of cellular phones, satellites, and the increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band. This universal access to the Net will change our personal lives as well as making possible a new generation of SensorNets to give us real-time feedback about our environment. College campuses are perhaps the best "early warning systems" for how human behavior will evolve as this "always-on" internet world develops. I will describe how Cal-(IT)2, one of four new California Institutes for Science and Innovation, is organizing its "future of the internet" research. We are working in an interdisciplinary fashion, with real world challenges in earthquakes, pollution monitoring, biomedicine and transportation congestion driving experiments in our "Laboratories for Living in the Future," built on campus and projected outward into the community. We are currently exploring opportunities for collaboration between Cal-(IT)2 and UC Santa Cruz, a participating campus in two other of the Institutes.

California’s Institutes for Science and Innovation

UCSBUCLA

California NanoSystems Institute

UCSF UCB

California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,

and Quantitative Biomedical Research

UCI

UCSD

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Center for Information Technology Research

in the Interest of Society

UCSC

UCDUCM

www.ucop.edu/california-institutes

Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet

www.calit2.net

220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams

With Students, Industry, and the Community

Over Fifty Industrial Partners

Two New Cal-(IT)2 Buildings Ground Breaking for UCSD Next Week!

• Will Create Unique Lab Facilities– Clean Rooms for Nanotech and BioMEMS– Computer Arts Virtual Reality– Wireless and Optical Networking– Interdisciplinary Teams

Bioengineering

UC San Diego

UC Irvine

Black Box Performance Space Based On UC Santa Cruz

Extend to “Living Laboratories”

Soon The Internet Will Be Available Throughout the Physical World

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mobile Internet

Fixed Internet

Subscribers (millions)

Source: Ericsson

Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today

• Wireless Internet “Watering Holes”– Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains

– Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps– Security and Authentication can be Added

• Cellular Internet is Rolling Out– CDMA2000

– South Korea Fast Growth– San Diego, DC Trials This Summer

– WCDMA– Japan NTT DoCoMo Launched Oct 2001

“The future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed”

William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer

Using Students to Invent the Futureof Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs

• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02– Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates

– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego – 50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine

• Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet• Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps

Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI

UC San Diego

UC Irvine

ActiveCampus – Outdoor Map

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

ActiveClass: Shy Students Can Ask Questions

1. Click in box

2. Type question

3. Click Submit

1. Click in box

2. Type question

3. Click Submit

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

Students Write Questions During Lecture

Students Write Questions During Lecture

ActiveClass: Polling the Class During Lecture

Students Questions Are Ranked Using Polls

Students Questions Are Ranked Using Polls

Question is posted

Others can vote on it

Question is posted

Others can vote on it

• Used in CSE 12, Our 2nd Programming Course

• 200 Students in Two Sections

• Continuing This Term

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development

• Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)– Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets– Middleware Between

– the Application and the Chip System Source Code

– Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) – Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently – Supports Integration of Java™ Applications– Different Model of Security from JAVA

• UCSD Brew Plans– Access to 40 Brew Enabled Kyocera Handsets– Free Air-Time Through “Campus Wide” QOTA System– BREW SDK and Technical Support Environment

www.qualcomm.com/brew/

Commercialization of Advanced Technology for

Home Land Security Project, May 2002

Source: Mohan Trivedi, UC San Diego

Digital Tele-Viewer: Extension 1DTV on PDA: High Portability

• Interactive Video into a Handheld PDA– 802.11 network access

– C++/Java based

– Pocket PC or Palm Pilot

Wireless Internet is Moving Throughout The Physical World

• First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet– UCSD Jacobs School Antenna

– First Beta Test Site

• Linking to 802.11 Mobile “Bubble”– Tested on CyberShuttle

– Joint Project with Campus– From Railway to Campus at 65 mph!

Rooftop Qualcomm 1xEV Access Point

www.calit2.net/news/2002/4-2-bbus.html

Extending the Wireless ClassroomWith a Briefcase…

Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots

Computer Vision and Robotics Research LabMohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

Mobile Interactivity Avatar

Linked by 1xEV Cellular Internet

Useful for Highway Accidents

or Disasters

Using the FCC Unlicensed Bandto Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone

• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

• A Cal-(IT)2

Academic Partner

• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management

• Allows for SensorNet Deployment to Remote Locations

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

Required Wireless Services Middleware

Real-TimeServices

Mobile Code

LocationAwareness

PowerControl Security

Wireless Services Interface

UCI WirelessInfrastructures

UCSD WirelessInfrastructures

Applications

J. Pasquale, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

Data Management

Future Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Engineering Research Discipline

Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty

LOW-POWEREDCIRCUITRY

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

COMMUNICATIONTHEORY

COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS

MULTIMEDIAAPPLICATIONS

RFMixed A/D

ASICMaterials

Smart AntennasAdaptive Arrays

ModulationChannel CodingMultiple Access

Compression

ArchitectureMedia Access

SchedulingEnd-to-End QoS

Hand-Off

ChangingEnvironment

ProtocolsMulti-Resolution

Center for Wireless Communications

Source: UCSD CWC

Experimental Chip Design with Industrial Partner Support

Source: Ian Galton, UCSD ECE, CWC

A MultipleCrystal Interface Phase Lock Loop

(PLL) for a Bluetooth

Transceiver with Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) Realignment toReduce Noise

Exploring the Future of SensorNets

www.soe.ucsd.edu/Research_Review/

February 20-21, 2002Sponsored by Cal-(IT)2 and UCSD

Can Use of These Technologies Help Us Avoid the Downsides of Prolonged Growth?

• Add Wireless Sensor Array

• Build GIS Data• Focus on:

– Disasters– Bridges– Pollution– Water Cycle– Traffic– Earthquakes– Policy

• Work with the Community to Adapt to Growth

HuntingtonBeach

Mission Bay

San Diego Bay

UCSD

UCI

High Tech Coast

The SDSU Field Station ProgramProvides Critical Living Laboratories

• Global Warming Impact• Land & Resource Management• Habitat Fragmentation• Water Quality and Quantity• Biodiversity Loss• Disruption of Fire Regimes• Invasion of Exotic Species

Environmental SensorNets

• Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development– Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry– Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO

– Later Add CO2, Ozone, NOx

• Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites – UCSD Campus– SDSU’s Santa Margarita

– Ecological Reserve – Rapid Prototyping Site– Linked to UCSD via HPWREN

Link in ROADnet—Bringing SensorNets to the Dirt Roads and the High Seas

• High Bandwidth Wireless Internet – Linking Sensors for:

– Seismology– Oceanography– Climate– Hydrology– Ecology– Geodesy

– Real-Time Data Management

• Joint Collaboration Between:– SIO / IGPP– UCSD– SDSC / HPWREN– SDSU– Cal-(IT)2

http://roadnet.ucsd.edu/

Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve

R/V Revelle in Lyttleton, NZ

Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms: From Predator to Biomimetic Robots

General Atomics Predator(Air Force, CIA)

300 Inches

UC Berkeley Aerobot(ARO, DARPA, ONR)

20 Inches

UC Berkeley Micromechanical

Flying Insect Project

1 Inch

(DARPA, ONR)

Operating System Services for Power / Performance Management

• Management of Power and Performance – Efficient Way to Exchange Energy/Power Related Info

– Among Hardware / OS / Applications– Power-Aware API

Application

Power Aware API

Power Aware Middleware

POSIX PA-OSL

OperatingSystem

OperatingSystem

Modified OS Services

Hardware Abstraction Layer

PA-HAL

Hardware

Rajesh Gupta UCI, Cal-(IT)2

Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip Will Create Brilliant Sensors

Applications

Memory

Protocol Processors

ProcessorsProcessors DSP

EmbeddedSoftware

Sensors

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

Radio

Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems

Internet

Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks of Brilliant Sensors

Over the Next Decade NanobioinfoengineeringWill Revolutionize SensorNets

5 nanometersHuman Rhinovirus

IBM Quantum CorralIron Atoms on Copper

VCSELaser

2 mm

Nanogen MicroArray

500x Magnification

400x Magnification

As Our Bodies Move On-LineDigital Medicine Will Emerge

• Internal Sensors—Israeli Video Pill– Battery, Light, & Video Camera– Images Stored on Hip Device

• Next Step—Putting You On-Line!– Wireless Internet Transmission– Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors

• Genomic Individualized Medicine– Combine

– Genetic Code – Body Sensor Data Flows

– Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

www.givenimaging.com

www.bodymedia.com

www.philometron.com

Sensornets—Real-Time Data• ROADNet• ActiveCampus• Health of Civil Infrastructure• AUTONET

Storage hardware

Database Systems, Grid Storage,Filesystems

Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion

Web PortalCustomized to User Device

Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing

Networked Storage (SAN)

Visualization

High speed networking

Data and Knowledge SystemsAre the Heart of SensorNets

Source: Chaitan Baru, SDSC

The SDSC/Cal-(IT)2 Knowledge and Data

Engineering Laboratory

Knowledge and Data Engineering Lab

Enabling querying,analysis, and creative exploration of large, integrated data sets

Knowledge Environments to Support Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine

Bioimaging

Bioengineering

Proteomics

Genomics

Chemical Pathways

Medical Records

IntegratedInformation

An

alysis Sta

tist

ics

KnowledgeDiscovery

wireless access

School of Medicine / VA Hospital

BioengineeringDepartment

NIH is Funding a National-Scale Grid for Biomedical Imaging

National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure

Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure

Biomedical Informatics Research Network

(BIRN)NIH Plans to Expand

to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

Cal-(IT)2 Multi-Megapixel Displays for Seismic, Geosciences, and Climate Analysis

Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU

Rollout Over 14 Years Starting

With Existing Broadband Stations

Developing Optically Linked Distributed Visualization and Analysis Centers

• Driven by SensorNets Data– Emergency Response– Real Time Seismic– Environmental Monitoring

• Linked UCSD and SDSU– Dedication March 4, 2002

Linking Control Rooms

Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SGI, IBM,

TeraBurst NetworksSD Telecom Council

UCSD SDSU44 Miles of Cox Fiber

Broadband Networking Enables New Cyber Arts

• UCSD/UCI Computer Gaming Initiative• Computing As Social Space• High Resolution Graphics and Audio • Humans Interacting with Virtual Realities

UC San Diego UC Irvine

Internet Linked Pianos