Cheng TANG

Deputy Chief

Office for Disposal of the Japanese Abandoned Chemical Weapons

Ministry of National Defence, P. R. China

20th International Chemical Weapons Demilitarisation Conference

24-26 May 2017, London

Introduction - JACWs discovered in China

Progress review 2016

Future challenges

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Crimes committed by the former

Japanese military regime against

the Chinese people

No detailed abandonment

information provided

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Resulted in more than 2, 000 casualties since the founding the P. R. China

More frequent casualties caused in recent years, during the construction work and/or other activities

◦ Qiqihar incident in 4 August 2003: one dead, 41 injured

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

17 April 2017Qiqihar Railway Station

Discovery of two agent containers

Obligation under the CWC

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

“Each State Party under takes to destroy all

chemical weapons it abandoned on the territory of

another State Party, in accordance with the

provisions of this Convention.” (Para. 3, Article I,

CWC)

“For the purpose of destroying abandoned

chemical weapons, the Abandoning State Party

shall provide all necessary financial, technical,

expert, facility as well as other resources. The

Territory State Party shall provide appropriate

cooperation.” (Para.15 , Part IV (B), V.A. CWC)

Indispensible Cooperation

Two Memorandums signed by China and Japan

◦ Memorandum Between the Government of the Peoples' Republic of

China and the Government of Japan on the Destruction of Chemical

Weapons Abandoned by Japan in China (1999)

◦ Memorandum Between the Government of the Peoples' Republic of

China and the Government of Japan on the Destruction after 29 April

2012 of Chemical Weapons Abandoned by Japan in China (2012)

Cooperation and assistance have been consistently provided by

China at each stage of JACW’s disposal program (discovery, on-site

investigation, excavation and recovery, identification and over packing,

and destruction)

JACWs have been discovered at more than 90 sites in 19 provinces,

throughout China

◦ Discovered at construction sites, densely populated areas, natural reserves, and in

rivers and lakes as well as in off-shore waters

◦ Many of the discovered JACWs are deformed, damaged, or leaking

To date, more than 50,000 recovered and 330,000 yet to be

recovered JACWs have been declared to the OPCW

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Internal Identifications◦ In the case of any reported suspected discoveries, Chinese

chemical experts will be sent to the site for internal identification

◦ If confirmed by experts, the suspected JACWs will be secured, and relevant information will be recorded and provided to the Japanese side through the diplomatic channels

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Bilateral Investigations◦ To confirm the discovered ACWs as Japanese origin

Bilateral Identification and Excavation operations◦ Japan, in cooperation with China, will conduct on-site

investigations at a bilateral agreed time to confirm the origin of suspected discoveries (appearance, X-ray etc.) to seal and overpack confirmed JACWs to discuss further recovery plans, if required

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Chemical projectiles: 75mm, 105mm, 150mm Chemical mortars: 90mm Chemical aerial bombs: 15kg and 50kg Toxic canisters: small/medium/large gas pot Containers: drum can for yellow agents Misc. components: buster tubes and booster tube

Mustard gas Lewisite Mixture of mustard and Lewisite Hydrogen Cyanide Phosgene Diphenylchloroarsine (DA) Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC) 2-Chloroacetophenone (CN)

Haerbaling◦ 1,300 km from Beijing - north east of China ◦ An estimated 330,000 items JACWs buried◦ JACW Recovery Facility completed in 2012, and bilateral

recovery operations started since 2013

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Beijing

Haerbaling

2796 JACWs excavated at Haerbaling burial site

Three excavation operations conducted

271 JACWs discovered elsewhere

Seven bilateral investigations, excavation or identification operations conducted at Taiyuan, Shangzhi, Jiamusi, Nanning, Hunchun, Shijiazhuang and Feicheng in five provinces

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

For purpose destruction, 222 JACWs were moved to the Mobile Destruction Facility at Shijiazhuang from May to June

For safety reasons, 8 barrels of JACW bulk agents were moved to Shenyang Trust Warehouse in November

2016 Review : Consolidation of JACWs

哈尔巴岭呼伦贝尔

广州

石家庄

伊春

珲春

龙井

北安

尚志鸡西

安庆

太原

通化

巴彦淖尔

沈阳

南宁

碾子山

哈尔滨

齐齐哈尔佳木斯

宁安

杭州

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

25 JACWs Storage Facilities in operation:

10 Trust Warehouses：Shenyang,

Haerbaling, Haerbin, Qiqihaer , Yichun,

Jiamusi, Ningan, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Shijiazhuang(contaminated wastes only)

17 Temporary Trust Warehouses: Beian, Jixi, Shangzhi,

Nianzhishan, Tonghua, Wejin, Longjin, Hunchun, Hulunbeier, Bayandaoer, Taiyuan, Feicheng, Xinzhou, Hangzhou, Anqing and Naning

南京

2016 Review : JACW Storage

肥城

碾子山

新洲

渭津

岳阳

OPCW conducted 7 inspections to JACWs sites4 JACW storage inspections

Ningan and Longjin

Nianzhishan and Yichun

2 inspections each at Shijiazhuang storage & MDF and Haerbaling storage & destruction Facilities

1 invited inspection at Hunchun JACW Excavation site

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

2016 Review : International Monitoring

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Harbin

吉林

内蒙古新疆

宁夏Taiyuan

Shijiazhuang

甘肃

山东

浙江

福建

云南

四川

贵州

湖南江西

安徽

河南

Wuhan

海南

西藏

青海

台湾

陕西

辽宁

重庆

Nanjing

广西 Guangzhou

Destruction Review : Mobile Destruction Facilities

Shijiazhuang MDF

Completion of destruction on 17 January 2017 2576 JACW destroyed since December 2012

Nanjing MDF

Started operation on 12 October 2010 Completed on 11 June 2011 35681 JACW destroyedWuhan MDF

Started operation on 30 November 2014 Completed on 13 July 2015 264 JACW destroyed

Harbin MDF

Continued site preparation activities Inner roads and ground preparationcompleted on 30 September 2016 Building construction under way

Newly agreed MDF for the destructionof JACW stored at Taiyuan Bilateral joint site selection conductedearly this year Three sites selected for furtherconsideration

Taiyuan MDF

Two destruction units:COBELCO and DYNASAFE

6118 JACWs destroyed atHaerbaling from April toNovember 2016

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

2016 Review : Destruction at Haerbaling

Convention’s deadlines for the destruction of all chemical weapons : 29 April 2012

Extended deadline by the Executive Council:◦ 2016: Mobile Destructions

Southern route: Nanjing –Wuhan –Guangzhou

Northern route: Shijiazhuang –Harbin

◦ 2022: Haerbaling :Excavation, Recovery and Destruction

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Future Challenges: Destruction Deadlines

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Future Challenges: 2016 and Beyond

Harbin

吉林

内蒙古新疆

宁夏Taiyua

n

Beijing

甘肃

山东

浙江

福建

云南

四川

贵州

湖南江西

安徽

河南

Wuhan

海南

西藏

青海

台湾

陕西

辽宁

重庆

Nanjing

广西 Guangzhou

HarbinMDF

TaiyuanMDF

Guangzhou MDF

To be determined

Destruction of ACWs with

the Mobile Destruction

Facilities

“The Government of Japan will

make its fullest possible efforts,

with a view to achieving the

proposed time frame, which is

preferably within the year 2022”

Future MDF sites:

Harbin MDF

Taiyuan MDF

Guangzhou or its alternative

Updated bilateral destruction plan for the destruction beyond 2016

Destruction plan for Haerbaling

◦ An updated plan with the year of 2017

◦ Aim to complete destruction in 2022

New type of destruction facility – high mobility MDF

◦ “The Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic

of China will consider further deploying a high mobility MDF at an

appropriate time to destroy ACWs stored in the storehouses in the

People's Republic of China.”

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Future Challenges: 2016 and Beyond

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Jiamusi city since 2006, a border city with Russian,

An area of 480,000 m2

(1600mX400m) detected with: ◦ 841 points abnormal ◦ 4 points suspected to be

high density area

Other Technical Challenges: Underwater recoveries

2 -30 September 2015

Test cofferdam operation area : 2200 m2

Recovered items: two 105mm yellow shell

Cofferdam Operation

2 Sep. - 3 Nov. 2015

Test diving operation area : 8000 m2

Recovered items: four 105mm yellow shell

Diving Operation

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

74 tons of preliminary treated chemical agents contained in two concrete tanks

diameters: 6 meters, Height: 3 meters

to finish the study on the technical solutions by 2022.

Other Technical Challenges: Pre-treated mixed agents (cont.)

Final disposal of contaminated waste and soilBilateral discussion under way

Destruction of small quantity storage and

discoveries “real mobile destruction device” - High mobility MDF required

may lead to accelerated the destruction programs

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

Other Technical Challenges (cont.)

EC delegation visited Haerbaling in 2013 & 2015

EC delegation and the DG of the OPCW will again visit the JACW excavation & destruction site at Haerbaling from 12 to 16 June 2017

DG and EC Delegation of the OPCW visit Haerbaling

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017

JAPAN: Double efforts (budget and resources) are needed to achieve early completion of the destruction of all JACWs discovered in China in accordance with the CWC and the EC decisions

CHINA: China will continue to provide all necessary cooperation for the purpose of destruction of JACWs

CWD 2017, 24-26 May 2017