2019 iyk;u] folfkkiu vksj f'k{kk% - unesco.org · osf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksvz 2019...

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oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ dk lkj

iyk;u] foLFkkiu vkSj f'k{kk%laidZ cuk,a] ck/k,a ugha

2019

laidZ cuk,a] ck/k,a ugha

iyk;u] foLFkkiu vkSj f'k{kk%

oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ dk lkj

2019

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oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ 2 0 1 9lkj

f'k{kk 2030 bafp;ksu ?kks"k.kk&i=k vkSj dk;Z <kaps esa bl vkns'k dk fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ esa ¶,lMhth 4 ij rFkk vU; ,lMhth esa f'k{kk dh fuxjkuh vkSj fjiksVZ djus dh iz.kkyh gksuh pkfg,¸ ftldh tokcnsgh ¶jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; dk;Zuhfr;ksa dks ykxw djuk gksxk rkfd laiw.kZ ,lMhth ij ckn esa dh tkus okyh dkjZokbZ ,oa leh{kk ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa blls tqM+s lHkh Hkkxhnkjksa dks mudh izfrc¼rkvksa ds izfr tokcnsg cukus esa lgk;rk dh tk lds¸A bls ;wusLdks }kjk xfBr ,d Lora=k Vhe }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA

bl izdkÀku esa fn, x, inuke vkSj izLrqr lkexzh dk vFkZ fdlh nsÀk] izknsfÀkd lhek] uxj ;k {ks=k ;k blds izkf/dkfj;ksa ;k bldh lhekvksa dk lhekadu djus ds laca/ esa ;wusLdks dh vksj ls dksbZ jk;] tks dksbZ Hkh gks] vfHkO;fDr djuk ugha gSA

oSfÀod fÀk{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ ny bl fjiksVZ esa Àkkfey rF;ksa ds p;u vkSj izLrqfr rFkk blesa O;Dr jk; ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA ;g t:jh ugha fd blesa O;Dr fopkj ;wusLdks ds gksa] vkSj laxBu blds fy, izfrc¼ ugha gSA fjiksVZ esa O;Dr fopkjksa vkSj jk; dh iwjh ftEesnkjh blds funsÀkd dh gSA

oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ ,d Lora=k okf"kZd izdk'ku gSA thbZ,e fjiksVZ dk foRr&iks"k.k ljdkjksa] cgq&Lrjh; ,tsafl;ksa vkSj xSj&ljdkjh izfr"Bkuksa ds ,d lewg }kjk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj blds fy, lgk;rk vkSj lqfo/k ;wusLdks }kjk iznku dh tkrh gSA

oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ Vhefuns'kd % eSuksl ,aVksfuful

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United Nations


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https://gemreportunesco.wordpress.com

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;g lkjka'k fjiksVZ vkSj vU; lacaf/r lkefxz;ka http://bit.ly/2019gemreport

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vaxzsth esa ewy 'kh"kZd% oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh ekpZ 2019% iyk;u] foLFkkiu vkSj f'k{kk% laidZ cuk,a] ck/k,a ughaA

bl çdk'ku dks bl izdkj lanfHkZr fd;k tk ldrk gS% ;wusLdks 2018- oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ dk lkj 2019% iyk;u] foLFkkiu vkSj f'k{kk & laidZ cuk,a] ck/k,a ughaA isfjl] ;wusLdksA


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çLrkoukyksx ges'kk ,d LFkku dks NksM+dj nwljs LFkku ij vkrs&tkrs jgrs gSa] dqN csgrj voljksa dh ryk'k esa tkrs gSa rks dqN [krjksa ls Mj dj Hkkx tkrs gSaA bl rjg vkus&tkus ls f'k{kk i¼fr ij dkQh vlj iM+ ldrk gSA oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ 2019 dk ;g laLdj.k nqfu;k ds lHkh fgLlksa esa bu eqíksa dk xgjkbZ ls irk yxkus ds fy, viuh rjg dk igyk rjhdk gSA

;g fjiksVZ lgh le; ij vkbZ gS] D;ksafd varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk; us nks egRoiw.kZ varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrksa dks vafre :i fn;k gS% lqjf{kr] O;ofLFkr vkSj fu;fer iyk;u dk oSf'od izHkko] vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij oSf'od izHkkoA bu vHkwriwoZ le>kSrksa esa & pkSFks la;qDRk jk"Vª ds lrr~ fodkl y{; esa 'kkfey varjkZ"Vªh; f'k{kk çfrc¼rkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk & çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir yksxksa dh f'k{kk dh leL;k dk lek/ku djus dh vko';drk ij çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA ;g thbZ,e fjiksVZ gekjh egRokdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ftEesnkj uhfr fuekZrkvksa ds fy, ,d vko';d lanHkZ gSA

orZeku esa] dkuwu vkSj uhfr;ka çoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ cPpksa dks muds vf/dkj fnykus esa vlQy jgh gSa vkSj mudh t:jrksa dks vuns[kk dj jgh gSaA iyk;u djus okys] 'kj.kkFkhZ vkSj vkarfjd :i ls foLFkkfir yksx nqfu;k ds lcls izHkkfor yksxksa esa ls gSa] ftuesa os yksx Hkh 'kkfey gSa tks xanh cfLr;ksa esa jgrs gSa] tks tSls&rSls vkthfodk dekus ds fy, ekSle ds vuqlkj iyk;u djrs gSa vkSj fgjklr esa jgus okys cPpsA izk;% mUgsa Ldwyksa esa nkf[kyk nsus ls lkQ budkj dj fn;k tkrk gS tks mUgsa ,d lqjf{kr vkJ; vkSj csgrj Hkfo"; nsus dk oknk dj ldrs gSaA

çokfl;ksa dh f'k{kk dks vuns[kk djuk ekuo {kerk dks xaokuk vkSj ut+jvankt+ djuk gSA dHkh&dHkkj ekewyh dkxth dkjZokbZ] MsVk dk vHkko ;k ukSdj'kkgh vkSj vlaxfBr ç.kkfy;ksa dh deh dk [kkfe;kt+k dbZ yksxksa dks csotg Hkqxruk iM+rk gSA ysfdu ;fn vR;f/d çfrHkk'kkyh vkSj çsfjr çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh f'k{kk esa fuos'k fd;k tk, rks os u dsoy estcku ns'k cfYd ewy ns'kksa esa fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl dks izksRlkfgr dj ldrs gSaA

dsoy f'k{kk dk çko/ku djuk gh i;kZIr ugha gSA Ldwy ds ifjos'k dks izoklh yksxksa dh fof'k"V vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj <kyus vkSj muesa lgk;rk iznku djus dh vko';drk gSA vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks estcku ns'k dh vkcknh ds lkFk ,d gh Ldwy esa j[kuk lkekftd lejlrk vkSj lkSgknzZ dk;e djus dh ,d egRoiw.kZ çkjafHkd igy gSA gkykafd] ftl rjhds ls vkSj ftl Hkk"kk esa ikB i<+k, tkrs gSa] vkSj HksnHkko cjrk tkrk gS] og muesa nwfj;k c<+k ldrk gSA

Hkyh&Hkkafr çf'kf{kr f'k{kd vkçoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,dtqV djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa] ysfdu mUgsa Hkh cgqHkk"kh] cgq&lkaLd`frd d{kkvksa dks pykus ds fy, leFkZu dh vko';drk gksrh gS] vkSj buesa izk;% euksoSKkfud vko';drk okys Nk=k Hkh 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

,d csgrj <ax ls fMtkbu fd;k x;k ikB~;Øe vge Hkwfedk vnk djrk gS] tks fofo/rk dks c<+kok ns] egRoiw.kZ dkS'ky çnku djs rFkk fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus dk lkgl ns] vkSj d{kk dh pkjnhokjh ls ijs ldkjkRed lksp iSnk djsA dHkh&dHkkj ikB~;iqLrdksa esa iyk;u dh iqjkuh rLohj dk fp=k.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa viukus ds ç;klksa dks de djds vkadk tkrk gSA dbZ ikB~;Øeksa esa iyk;u djus okyksa dh thou 'kSyh dks lgh :i esa Hkh ugha n'kkZ;k tkrkA

iyk;u djus okyksa ds fy, çko/ku dk foLrkj djus vkSj mUgsa viukus ds fy, fuos'k dh t:jr gksrh gS] tks dbZ estcku ns'k vdsys iwjk ugha dj ldrsA ekuoh; lgk;rk orZeku esa cPpksa dh t:jrksa dks iwjk ugha dj jgh gS] D;ksafd ;g vDlj lhfer vkSj vçR;kf'kr gksrh gSA ubZ f'k{kk bartkj ugha dj ldrh] fuf/;ka lcls detksj vkSj misf{kr yksxkas rd igqap cukus dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lk/u gaSA

bl fjiksVZ dk lans'k Li"V gS% izoklh yksxksa dh f'k{kk esa fuos'k djuk] fujk'kk vkSj v'kkafr ds ekxZ vkSj ,dtqVrk vkSj 'kkafr ds ekxZ ds chp varj djuk gSA

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Hkwfedk2019 oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ dk izdk'ku varjjk"Vªh; çokfl;ksa ds ,d ny }kjk fd;k x;k gSA blds pkj lnL; 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds cPps gSaA os bl ckr ls budkj ugha djrs fd yksx iyk;u & vkSj çokfl;ksa dks vyx ut+fj, ls ns[krs gSaA mudk 'kks/ n'kkZrk gS fd f'k{kk fdl gn rd laHkkoukvksa dks ia[k yxk ldrh gS] vkSj lHkh ds fy, O;kid volj [kksy ldrh gSA çokfl;ksa] 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj estcku leqnk;ksa ds fy,] Kkr vkSj vKkr gksrk gSA gkykafd] dqN yksxksa bruk tkurs gSa fd os oafpr gaS vkSj os blls cpus pkgrs gSa; ysfdu os ;g ugha tkurs fd nwljs Nksj ij volj miyC/ gksaxs ;k ughaA tcfd est+cku leqnk;ksa esa] yksxksa dks ;g irk ugha gks ldrk gS fd muds u, iM+kslh] ftudh os'kHkw"kk] jhfr&fjokt fHkUu gS] vkSj ftudh Hkk"kk vyx gS] mudk thou cny ik,axsA iyk;u esa O;oLFkk vkSj vO;oLFkk nksuksa gks ldrh gSaA lekt vDlj tu vkanksyuksa dk çca/u djus dk ç;kl djrs gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh mUgsa yksxksa dh vizR;kf'kr la[;k ls tw>uk iM+ ldrk gSA ,sls vkanksyu u;k foHkktu iSnk dj ldrs gSa] tcfd dbZ vkanksyuksa ls lzksr vkSj xarO;] nksuksa ns'kksa dks Qk;nk gksrk gSA O;kid :i ls iyk;u gksus esa] ge bPNk vkSj etcwrh nksuksa ns[krs gSaA dqN yksx lfØ; :i ls dke djus vkSj vè;;u djus ds fy, vkxs vkrs gSa tcfd dqN yksxksa dks mRihM+u vkSj /efd;ksa ds dkj.k viuh vkthfodk NksM+dj Hkkxus ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+rk gSA est+cku leqnk; vkSj jktusrk varr% rdZ ns ldrs gSa fd vkus okys yksx oS/ gSa ;k voS/] ojnku gSa ;k [krjk] ;k cgqewY; gSa ;k cks> gSaA budk Lokxr Hkh gksrk gS vkSj bUgsa vLohdkj Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA dqN yksx vius u, ifjos'k esa ?kqy&fey tkrs gSa tcfd dqN ,slk ugha dj ikrsA dqN ,sls yksx gSa tks enn djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj dqN ,sls gksrs gSa tks mUgsa [knsM+uk pkgrs gSaAbl çdkj] nqfu;k Hkj esa] ge ns[krs gSa fd iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ,d O;kid tquwu dh rjg mHkjk gSA fQj Hkh dqN fu.kZ; ysus gksaxsA iyk;u ds fy, çfrfØ;k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ge ck/k,a mRiUu dj ldrs gSa] ;k nwljh rjQ igqapdj & fo'okl iSnk dj ldrs gSa] muesa 'kkfey gks ldrs gSa] mUgsa vk'oLr dj ldrs gSaAoSf'od Lrj ij] la;qDr jk"Vª us iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu pqukSfr;ksa dk LFkk;h lek/ku fudkyus ds fy, vklikl ds jk"Vªksa dks ,d eap ij ykus dh fn'kk esa dke fd;k gSA 2016 esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj çokfl;ksa ij la;qDr jk"Vª f'k[kj lEesyu ds nkSjku] eSaus la?k"kZ jksdus] eè;LFkrk] lq'kklu] dkuwuh 'kklu] vkSj lexz vkfFkZd fodkl esa fuos'k djus dh ekax dh FkhA eSaus vlekurk ls fuiVus ds fy, çokfl;ksa dks cqfu;knh lsok,a miyC/ djkus dh vko';drk dh vksj Hkh è;ku fnyk;k FkkA ;g fjiksVZ gesa ml vafre fcanq dh ;kn fnykrh gS fd f'k{kk çnku djuk u dsoy 'kklu esa cSBs yksxksa dk uSfrd nkf;Ro gS] cfYd iyk;u gksus okyh tula[;k dh leL;kvksa ls fuiVuk Hkh ,d dkjxj rjhdk gSA ;g iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ls fuiVus dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gksuk pkfg,] vkSj ges'kk gksuk pkfg, & ;g ,d ,slk fopkj gS ftls vey esa ykus dk le; vc vk x;k gS] tSlk fd çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, gq, nks oSf'od le>kSrksa esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ftu yksxksa dks f'k{kk ls oafpr j[kk x;k gS] muesa mis{kk vkSj gRkk'kk mRiUu gks ldrh gSA tc xyr <ax ls i<+k;k tk,] rks f'k{kk bfrgkl dks fod`r dj ldrh gS vkSj xyrQgeh dk dkj.k cu ldrh gSAysfdu] tSlk fd fjiksVZ ls gesa dukMk] pkM] dksyafc;k] vk;jySaM] yscuku] fQyhihal] rqdhZ vkSj ;qxkaMk esa dbZ mRlkgtud mnkgj.kksa dk irk pyrk gS] muesa f'k{kk Hkh ,d lsrq dk dk;Z dj ldrh gSA f'k{kk yksxksa dh vPNkbZ dks ckgj yk ldrh gS] vkSj yhd ij pyus] iwokZxzg] vkSj HksnHkko dk ekxZ NksM+dj ldkjkRed lksp] ,dtqVrk vkSj [kqysiu dk ekxZ viukus ds fy, izsfjr dj ldrh gSA ;g mu yksxksa dks enn dk gkFk c<+k ldrh gS tks ihfM+r gSa vkSj mu yksxksa ds fy, cs'kqekj volj iSnk dj ldrh gS ftUgsa volj dh csgn t:jr gSA ;g fjiksVZ lh/s rkSj ij ,d cM+h pqukSrh dh vksj b'kkjk djrh gS% blesa lgk;rk djus ds fy, f'k{kdksa dh D;k Hkwfedk gks ldrh gSA ;g gesa ekuork vkSj iyk;u dh lfn;ksa iqjkuh ?kVukvksa esa >kadus dk volj iznku djrh gSA eSa vkidks bldh flQkfj'kksa ij fopkj djus vkSj mu ij dkjZokbZ djus ds fy, vkeaf=kr djrk gwaA

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iyk;u] foLFkkiu vkSj f'k{kkiyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu dh vusd dgkfu;ka nqfu;k Hkj esa lquus dks feyrh gSaA egRokdka{kk] vk'kk] Hk;] çR;k'kk] ljyrk] iwfrZ] cfynku] lkgl] n`<+rk vkSj ladV dh ;s dgkfu;ka gesa ;kn fnykrh gSa fd ^iyk;u xfjek] lqj{kk vkSj csgrj Hkfo"; ds fy, ekuo vkdka{kk dh ,d vfHkO;fDr gSA ;g lkekftd rkus&ckus dk ,d fgLlk gS] ekuo ifjokj ds :i esa gekjk fgLlk gSA fQj Hkh iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ^jkT;ksa vkSj lektksa ds Hkhrj vkSj mlds chp foHkktu dk ,d lzksr jgk gS---- gky ds o"kksaZ esa] çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk grk'k yksxksa ds cM+s vkanksyuksa us izokfl;ksa dh mEehnksa ij dqBkjk?kkr fd;k gSA

lrr~ fodkl ,tsaMk 2030 esa vkSipkfjd :i ls 'kkfey lkekU; fu;fr ds fy, lk>k ftEesnkjh dk izko/ku gS] ysfdu vk/qfud lekt esa iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ds izfr dqN udkjkRed çfrfØ;k cuh gqbZ gSA budk voljokfn;ksa }kjk 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gS tks fj'rk cukus dh ctk; ck/k,a [kM+h djus esa ykHk ns[krs gSaA ;gha ekuokf/dkjksa dh lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ çfrc¼rk ds :i esa lHkh jk"Vªksa] uLyh; ;k /kfeZd lewgksa ds chp le>] lfg".kqrk vkSj fe=krk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk vge gks tkrh gSA

;g fjiksVZ fofo/ d{kkvksa] fo|ky;ksa] leqnk;ksa] Je cktkjksa vkSj lekt dh okLrfodrk dk lkeuk djus okys f'k{kdksa vkSj f'k{kk ç'kkldksa ds ut+fj, ls iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu dks ns[krh gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa f'k{kk ç.kkyh ^lexz vkSj U;k;laxr xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djus vkSj lHkh ds fy, vkthou lh[kus ds voljksa dks c<+kok nsus* vkSj ^fdlh dks Hkh ihNs u NksM+us* dh çfrc¼rk ds fy, ,dtqV gSaA lHkh Nk=kksa vius liuksa dks lkdkj dj ldsa] O;oLFkk dks mudh i`"BHkwfe ds ckotwn mudh t:jrksa dks è;ku esa j[kus gq, lek;kstu djuk gksxkA mUgsa lekt ds izfr yphyk joS;k viukus vkSj iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ds vuqdwy cuus dh t:jr gS & ;g cM+s vkSj NksVs çoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ vkcknh okys ns'kksa dks leku :i ls çHkkfor djus okyh pqukSrh gSA

blesa lHkh çdkj ds tu vkanksyu 'kkfey gSaA vkSlru] 8 esa ls 1 O;fDr vkarfjd çoklh gSA bl iyk;u dk mu yksxksa ds 'kSf{kd voljksa ij xaHkhj vlj iM+ ldrk gS vkSj tks fiNM+ pqds gSa] [kklrkSj ij mu de vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa jgrs gSa] tgka 'kgjhdj.k rsth ls gks jgk gSA 30 yksxksa esa ls yxHkx 1 O;fDr] ftl ns'k esa os iSnk gq, Fks] mlls fHkUu ns'k esa jgrs gSaA yxHkx nks&frgkbZ varjjk"Vªh; çoklh mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa jgrs gSaA tcfd T;knkrj dke ij tkrs gSa] dqN f'k{kk xzg.k djus ds fy, Hkh tkrs gSaA vkSj varjjk"Vªh; çokl Hkh muds oa'ktksa dh f'k{kk dks çHkkfor djrk gSA 80 yksxksa esa ls 1 O;fDr la?k"kZ ;k çkd`frd vkinkvksa ds dkj.k lhekvksa dks ikj djrs gSaA buesa ls] nl esa ls ukS fuEu vk; okys ns'kksa esa jgrs gSaA mUgsa jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa 'kkfey djuk egRoiw.kZ gS ysfdu foLFkkiu ds fof'k"V lanHkksaZ }kjk blesa 'krsZa yxkbZ tk ldrh gSaA

iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu] nks&rjQk tfVy fj'rksa ds }kjk f'k{kk ij vk/kfjr gksrk gS tks izokfl;ksa dks çHkkfor djrk gS] tks iyk;u djrs gSa rFkk tks çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh rjg jgrs gSa ;k mudh est+ckuh djrs gSa (rkfydk 1)A tc thou pØ esa yksx iyk;u ds ckjs esa lksprs gSa ;k mu ij fopkj djrs gSa rks ;g f'k{kk fuos'k] ck/k] vuqHko vkSj ifj.kke dk ,d çeq[k fu/kZjd gksrk gSA f'k{kk ds fodkl ds fuEu Lrj okys {ks=kksa ls iyk;u djus okys cPpksa dks

rkfydk 1% f'k{kk vkSj iyk;u@foLFkkiu ds chp laca/ksa ds dqN mnkgj.k

f'k{kk ij izoklu@foLFkku dk izHkko iyk;u@foLFkkiu ij f'k{kk dk çHkkoewy izoklh çoklu xanh cfLr;ksa esa çko/ku miyC/ djkus dh pqukSfr;ksa dk dkj.k

curk gSA f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks ekSleh ;k pØ.k iSVuZ esa vkus&tkus okyh vkcknh

dh t:jrksa dks lek;ksftr djuk pkfg,A

vf/d f'kf{kr yksxksa ds iyk;u gksus dh laHkkouk vf/d gksrh gSA

ihNs jgus okys iyk;u xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dks ohjku djrk gS vkSj f'k{kk çko/ku dks pqukSrh nsrk gSA

Hkstk x;k /u ewy leqnk;ksa esa f'k{kk dks çHkkfor djrk gSA ekrk&firk dh vuqifLFkfr ls cPps fiNM+ tkrs gSaA iyk;u dh laHkkouk f'k{kk esa fuos'k dks grksRlkfgr djrh gSaA u, dk;ZØe bPNqd çokfl;ksa dks rS;kj djrs gSaA

f'kf{kr yksxksa ds iyk;u dk çHkkfor {ks=kksa ds fodkl ij vlj iM+rk gS] mnkgj.k ds fy, izfrHkk iyk;uA

xarO; LFky vkizkoklh vkSj 'k.kkZFkhZ

vkçokfl;ksa vkSj muds cPpksa dh 'kSf{kd çkfIr vkSj miyfC/ vkerkSj ij ewy fuoklh ls fiNM+ tkrh gSA

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djus dh t:jr gSA 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks f'k{kk dk vf/dkj lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

izkoklh vf/d ;ksX; gks ldrs gSa] muds dkS'ky dks iwjh rjg ls igpkuk ;k mi;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gS] vkSj mudh vkthfodk cny tkrh gSA

mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk dk varjkZ"Vªh;dj.k Nk=k xfr'khyrk dks çsfjr djrk gSA

ewy fuoklh d{kkvksa esa fofo/rk ds fy, csgrj rS;kj f'k{kdksa] yf{kr dk;ZØeksa dks u, izokfl;ksa dk leFkZu djus vkSj vyxko dks jksdus vkSj MsVk dks vyx djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

vkSipkfjd vkSj vukSipkfjd f'k{kk izcq¼ lekt dk fuekZ.k dj ldrh gS] iwokZxzg vkSj HksnHkko dks de dj ldrh gSA

12


LFkkuh;] jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izokfl;ksa] foLFkkfirksa vkSj estcku ns'kksa dh vkcknh dh f'k{kk vkSj vU; t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, lalk/u tqVkuk vkSj ,dtqV gksdj dkjZokbZ djuk vko';d gSA nqfu;k blh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+ jgh gSA flracj 2016 esa] la;qDr jk"Vª ds 193 lnL; jk"Vªksa us ftEesnkjh&lk>kdj.k ra=k dks etcwr cukus vkSj izfØ;k dks ykxw djus ds fy, U;w;kWdZ ?kks"k.kk uked nks oSf'od le>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj fd,% ,d çokfl;ksa] vkSj nwljk] 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, FkkA

lqjf{kr] O;ofLFkr vkSj fu;fer iyk;u ds fy, oSf'od le>kSrs ds elkSns ds :i esa bl fjiksVZ ds ,tsaMk esa vf/dka'k eqíksa ds lek/ku dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA blesa Ldwy ds vanj vkSj ckgj f'k{kk lfgr cqfu;knh lsokvksa rd dh igqap 'kkfey gSA ;|fi dkS'ky iznku djus ij vf/d tksj fn;k tkrk gS] ;g çokfl;ksa dks ,d volj ds :i esa f'k{kk ds ckjs esa ldkjkRed

lans'k nsrh gS rkfd os fodkl dj ldsaA gkykafd] le>kSrk ckè;dkjh ugha gS vkSj ns'kksa ij NksM+ fn;k x;k gS fd os çfrc¼rkvksa dks dSls iwjk djsaxsA

foLFkkfir yksxksa dks f'k{kk çnku djus ds fy, yksxksa dks u, okrkoj.k esa lek;ksftr djus vkSj yacs foLFkkiu ls fuiVus esa enn djus ds fy, vfrfjDr lgk;rk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA gkykafd estcku ns'kksa esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds f'k{kk ds vf/dkj dh xkjaVh 1951 ds la;qDr jk"Vª 'kj.kkFkhZ ntkZ laca/h lEesyu esa nh xbZ gS] 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij oSf'od le>kSrs dk mís'; çfrc¼rk dks nksgjkuk gSA vafre elkSns esa f'k{kk ds fy, nks vuqPNsn lefiZr gSa] ftuesa foÙk vkSj fof'k"V uhfr;ksa dk leFkZu djus ij è;ku dsafær fd;k x;k gSA ;g lekos'k ij jk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa ds fodkl dh vko';drk dks Li"V djrk gSA

nqfu;k f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk djus rFkk izokfl;ksa] foLFkkfirksa vkSj estcku ns'kksa dh vkcknh dh vU; t:jrksa dks iwjk djus dh fn'kk esa vxzlj gks jgh gS

volj fey ldrs gSa tks vU;Fkk mUgsa miyC/ ugha gks ldrs FksA lkFk gh] çoklh Nk=kksa dh 'kSf{kd çkfIr;ka vkSj miyfC/;ka vDlj ewy leqnk;ksa esa muds lkfFk;ksa ls fiNM+ tkrh gSaAiyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ds fy, mu yksxksa dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS tks iyk;u dj tkrs gSa vkSj os tks ihNs NwV tkrs gSaA ns'kksa dks izokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks dkuwuu f'k{kk dk vf/dkj nsus ds fy, bls vey esa ykuk gksxkA mUgsa mu yksxksa ds vuqlkj f'k{kk dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djus dh t:jr gS tks xanh cfLr;ksa esa jgrs gSa] [kkukcnks'k dh rjg jgrs gSa ;k 'kj.kkFkhZ ntkZ ikus dk bartkj djrs gSaA f'k{kk ç.kkyh lexz gksuh pkfg, vkSj blls lekurk dh çfrc¼rk iwjh gksuh pkfg,A f'k{kdksa dks iyk;u vkSj fo'ks"kdj foLFkkiu ls tqM+h fofo/rk vkSj nq%[k&rdyhQ ls fuiVus ds fy, rS;kj jguk pkfg,A vf/dka'k çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks vf/d ls

vf/d ;ksX; vkSj n{k cukus ds fy, mUgsa 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk vkSj mPp f'k{kk iznku dh tkuh pkfg,] tks nh?kkZof/ esa mUgsa le`¼ cukus esa dkjxj gksxkA

f'k{kk Hkh iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu dks dkQh vf/d çHkkfor djrh gS & ;g fdruh vf/d gkfly dh tkrh gS vkSj mls fdl :i esa le>k tkrk gSA f'k{kk csgrj thou ds fy, iz;kl djus rFkk iyk;u dk fu.kZ; ysus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ;g çokfl;ksa ds n`f"Vdks.k] mudh vkdka{k-kvksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa dks çHkkfor djrh gS] vkSj ftl gn rd os vius bjkns ds laca/ esa Hkkouk,a fodflr djrs gSaA d{kkvksa esa O;kid fofo/rk esa pqukSfr;ka gksrh gSa] ftuesa ewy fuoklh (fo'ks"kdj xjhc vkSj gkf'k, ij) 'kkfey gksrs gSa] ysfdu ;g vU; laLd`fr;ksa vkSj vuqHkoksa ls lh[kus dk

volj Hkh çnku djrk gSA udkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k dks nwj djus ds fy, ikB~;Øe igys ls dgha vf/d laosnu'khy gksuk pkfg,A

iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu jktuhfrd cgl ds Toyar eqn~ns cu jgs gSa] f'k{kk ukxfjdksa dks lacaf/r eqíksa ds ckjs esa xgjh le> iSnk djus ds fy, vge gSA ;g tkudkjh ns ldrk gS vkSj lektksa dks tksM+us ds fy, izksRlkfgr dj ldrk gSA fo'ks"k :i ls ;g oSf'od nqfu;k ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA fQj Hkh] f'k{kk dks lfg".kqrk ls ijs viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkuh pkfg,] tks erHksn ls Åij mBdj dk;Z dj lds; ;g iwokZxzg] :f<+okn vkSj HksnHkko ls yM+us dk ,d dkjxj rjhdk gSA ;fn bldh :ijs[kk lgh rjg ls u cukbZ tk,] rks f'k{kk ç.kkyh vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa esa udkjkRed] vkaf'kd] fof'k"V ;k fujk'kktud lksp iSnk dj ldrh gSA.2019 oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ iyk;u] foLFkkiu vkSj f'k{kk ij oSf'od lk{; dh leh{kk djrh gS vkSj bldk y{; fuEufyf[kr lokyksa dk tokc nsuk gS%

tu vkanksyu f'k{kk dh miyC/rk vkSj xq.koÙkk dks fdl rjg ls çHkkfor djrs gSa\ O;fDrxr çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij budk D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\ f'k{kk mu yksxksa] tks iyk;u dj tkrs gSa vkSj tks leqnk; mUgsa çkIr djrs gSa] ds thou dks dSls izHkkfor dj ldrh gS\

ckWDl 1

iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ds fy, mu yksxksa dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS tks iyk;u dj tkrs gSa vkSj os tks ihNs NwV tkrs gS


13

lkj

vkarfjd iyk;uvuqeku gS fd 763 fefy;u yksx ml {ks=k ds ckgj jgrs gSa tgka mudk tUe gqvk FkkA fofHkUu çdkj ds laHkkfor vkanksyuksa] pkgs 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ds chp gksa ;k muds Hkhrj] xzkeh.k tula[;k 'kgj dh vksj rFkk ekSleh ;k fdlh fuf'pr vof/ ds fy, tula[;k iyk;u djrh gS tks f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ds fy, lcls cM+h pqukSfr;ka iSnk djrh gSaA

tcfd mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa 19oha lnh ls 20oha lnh ds eè; esa gq, vkfFkZd fodkl ds lkFk] cM+h la[;k esa yksx xzkeh.k ls 'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u dj x, Fks] vkt lcls cM+k vkarfjd tu vkanksyu eè; vk; okys ns'kksa] fo'ks"k :i ls phu vkSj Hkkjr esa gksrk gSA mi&lgkjk vQzhdk esa] xzkeh.k bykdksa ls 'kgj dh vksj gksus okys iyk;u us 'kgjh fodkl ;kstuk dks pqukSrhiw.kZ cuk fn;k gSA

iyk;u nj vk;q ds vuqlkj cnyrh gS ysfdu ;g yksxksa esa 20 o"kZ dh vk;q esa vius pje ij gksrh gSA f'k{kk dh n`f"V ls] vkarfjd iyk;u çkFkfed Ldwy vk;q ds cPpksa esa vis{kkd`r de vkSj ekè;fed Ldwy vk;q ds ;qokvksa dks FkksM+k vf/d çHkkfor djrk gSA ysfdu 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa csgrj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk izkIr djus ds fy, ;qokvksa dk iyk;u djuk ,d çeq[k dkj.k gSA FkkbZySaM esa] 21% ;qokvksa us dgk fd mUgksaus f'k{kk ds fy, iyk;u fd;k gSA

vf/d f'kf{kr yksxksa dh mudh f'k{kk ij vf/d vk; izkIr djus dh laHkkouk ds dkj.k dgha vkSj LFkkukarfjr gksus dh laHkkouk vf/d jgrh gS (fp=k 1)A f'k{kk ds ifj.kkeLo:i çkFkfedrk,a vkSj vkdka{kk,a yksxksa dks laHkkfor vk; vftZr djus ds fy, xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dks NksM+us ds fy, çsfjr djrh gSaA 53 ns'kksa esa] çkFkfed f'k{kk okys yksxksa esa iyk;u dh laHkkouk nksxquh gks xbZ] ekè;fed f'k{kk okys yksxksa esa rhu xquh gks xbZ vkSj mPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk okys yksxksa esa pkj xquh gks xbZA

fp=k 1% vf/d f'kf{kr gksus ij iyk;u dh laHkkouk vf/d jgrh gSA

f'k{kk }kjk iyk;u dh vf/drk nj] p;fur ns'k] ikap o"kZ dh vof/] 1999&2010

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14


iyk;u dqN yksxksa dh f'k{kk ds Lrj esa lq/kj djrk gS ysfdu lHkh dk ugha xkaoksa ls 'kgj dh vksj iyk;u mu ns'kksa esa 'kSf{kd çkfIr dks c<+k ldrk gS tgka xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa f'k{kk rd igqap de gSA baMksusf'k;k esa p;fur xzkeh.k ftyksa esa iSnk gqvk ,d lewg] tks 'kgj dks iyk;u dj x;k Fkk] us iyk;u u djus okys yksxksa dh rqyuk esa rhu o"kZ vf/d f'k{kk izkIr dh FkhA

fQj Hkh çoklh cPps vius lkfFk;ksa ds leku f'k{kk izkIr ugha dj ikrsA czkthy esa] iwoksZÙkj {ks=k esa 2000@01 esa iSnk gq, fd'kksjksa esa ls] tks ekè;fed Ldwy ds nkSjku iyk;u dj x, Fks] dh iyk;u u djus okyksa fd'kksjksa dh rqyuk esa çxfr nj [kjkc FkhA vkarfjd iyk;u ls çHkkfor cPpksa ds 'kSf{kd voljksa dks dbZ dkj.kksa] tSls xjhch dh vfuf'pr dkuwuh fLFkfr] i;kZIr è;ku u fn, tkus] ;k iwokZxzg vkSj :f<+oknksa ls le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gSA

vkarfjd iyk;u ls f'k{kk dh miyC/rk çHkkfor gksrh gSdbZ ns'kksa esa] vfLFkj 'kgjhdj.k vkSj xzkeh.k 'kgjh vlarqyu ds Hk; us uhfr;ksa dks iyk;u dks jksdus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k gS] tks dqN ekeyksa esa çokfl;ksa dh f'k{kk rd igqap dks çHkkfor dj ldrk gSA fo;ruke dh gks&[kkÅ ç.kkyh us iyk;u djus okyksa dh lkoZtfud f'k{kk rd igqap dks çfrcaf/r dj fn;k] vkSj xjhc xzkeh.k 'kgjh çoklh ifCyd Ldwyksa ls oafpr {ks=kksa esa LFkkukarfjr gks x,A gky ds lq/kjksa dk mís'; çfrca/ksa dks [kRe djuk gS] ysfdu fiNyh uhfr;ksa dh fojklr vHkh Hkh vLFkk;h ntsZ okys çokfl;ksa dks uqdlku igqapk jgh gSA

phu dh gqdksÅ iathdj.k ç.kkyh] tks tUe ds le; ntZ LFkku dks lsokvksa ls tksM+rh gS] us ifCyd Ldwyksa ls xzkeh.k çokfl;ksa ds cPpksa dks NksM+ fn;kA gky ds o"kksaZ esa egRoiw.kZ la'kks/u gq, gSaA ljdkj dks 2006 esa çoklh cPpksa dks f'k{kk çnku djus ds fy, LFkkuh; vf/dkfj;ksa dh vko';drk FkhA 2008 esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ls iyk;u gksus okys cPpksa ds fy, ifCyd Ldwy 'kqYd lekIr dj fn;k x;k vkSj 2014 esa lsokvksa rd igqap ls iathd`r fuokl dks jí djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA 2016 ls] ;g lHkh cM+s 'kgjksa ls çfrca/ksa esa NwV nsus ds fy, dg jgk gSA

gkykafd] çokfl;ksa ds fy, f'k{kk esa ck/k,a cuh jgrh gSaA isijodZ vkSj vU; nkf[kyk laca/h vko';drk,a igqap dks lhfer dj ldrh gSaA chftax esa] çokfl;ksa dks ifCyd Ldwy esa ukekadu ds fy, ikap çek.ki=k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA f'k{kdksa dk çoklh ;qokvksa ds izfr joS;k HksnHkkoiw.kZ gks ldrk gSA vuf/d`r çoklh Ldwyksa ds f'k{kdksa dks osru de feyrk gS

,sls yksx tks

ftuds ikl dksbZ f'k{kk ugha gS os xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa iyk;u djrss gSA

dh laHkkouk

2 xquk c<+ tkrh gS

dh laHkkouk

3 xquk c<+ tkrh gS

dh laHkkouk

4 xquk c<+ tkrh gS

izkFkfed f'k{kk

ekè;fed f'k{kk

mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk izkIr gSa


15

lkj

vkSj mudh ukSdjh dh lqj{kk ugha gksrh] rFkk ekrk&firk vDlj bu Ldwyksa esa f'k{kd dh xq.koÙkk ds ckjs esa f'kdk;r djrs gSaA

ihNs jg tkus okys cPpksa dks fo'ks"k f'k{kk pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSiyk;u ekrk&firk esa ls fdlh ,d ;k ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa ds lkFk ihNs jg x, yk[kksa cPpksa dh f'k{kk dks Hkh çHkkfor djrk gSA dacksfM;k esa] ihNs jg x, cPpksa] fo'ks"k :i ls yM+fd;ksa] ds Ldwy NksM+us dh laHkkouk vf/d FkhA

phu ifjokj fodkl fjiksVZ 2015 us ihNs jg tkus okys xzkeh.k cPpksa dk vuqeku 35% yxk;kA ihNs jg x, cPpksa dh f'k{kk vkSj dY;k.k ij iyk;u ds çHkko laca/h izek.k feys&tqys gaSA dqN vè;;u çn'kZu ij ldkjkRed çHkko fn[kkrs gSa] ysfdu vU; vè;;u ihNs jg x, cPpksa dks vius lkfFk;ksa ds eqdkcys de xzsM ikus vkSj vf/d ekufld leL;k,a n'kkZrs gSaA

2016 ls] phu us fiNM+s cPpksa dh ns[kHkky esa lq/kj ykus ds mís'; ls uhfr;ka LFkkfir dh gSa] ftlesa LFkkuh; ljdkjksa ls ekrk&firk dks fiNM+s cPpksa ds fy, laj{kd fu;qDr djus dk vkxzg fd;k x;k gSA cksfMaZx Ldwy ,d egRoiw.kZ j.kuhfr gSa] ysfdu muesa izk;% LVkWQ vkSj lqfo/k,a iwjh ugha gksrhaA cky dY;k.k esa lq/kj ds fy, ç'kklfud deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, csgrj çca/u çf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

cksfMaZx Ldwyksa vkSj Nk=kksa dh la[;k ?kV jgh gS] gkykafd dqN ns'kksa esa ,sls Ldwy ekStwn gSaA ;qxkaMk esa] cksfMaZx Ldwyksa esa Nk=kksa dk izfr'kr 13 lky dh mez rd yxHkx 15% gks tkrk gS] tks Åijh ekè;fed f'k{kk ds vafre o"kksaZ esa 40% rd c<+ tkrk gSA

ekSleh etnwjh ds dkj.k iyk;u 'kSf{kd voljksa dks çHkkfor djrk gSekSleh iyk;u] tks xjhcksa ds thou dk lgkjk gS] f'k{kk dks ckf/r dj ldrk gS vkSj cPpksa dks cky etnwjh vkSj dk;ZLFky ds [krjksa esa [kqyk NksM+ ldrk gSA Hkkjr esa gq, ,d vè;;u ls irk pyk gS fd lkr 'kgjksa esa yxHkx 80% vLFkk;h çoklh cPpksa dks dk;ZLFky ds ikl f'k{kk miyC/ ugha Fkh] vkSj 40% cPps etnwjh esa yxs Fks] nqO;Zogkj vkSj 'kks"k.k dk lkeuk dj jgs FksA Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk gky esa dh xbZ igyksa dk y{; nkf[kys esa NwV nsuk] eksckby f'k{kk çnku djds rFkk iyk;u gksus okys vkSj mUgsa çkIr djus okys jkT;ksa ds chp leUo; esa lq/kj djds çoklh cPpksa dh Ldwy esa mifLFkfr lqfuf'pr djuk gS] ysfdu bls ykxw djus esa vusd pqukSfr;ka gSaA bZaVksa ds HkV~Bksa ds dk;ZLFky ij o"kZ 2010&2011 esa jktLFkku jkT; esa 'kq: fd, x, ,d izk;ksfxd dk;ZØe esa ?kfV;k f'k{kk vkSj lh[kus dh fLFkfr;ksa rFkk Nk=kksa ds dke djus ds dkj.k f'k{kd vkSj Nk=kksa dh vuqifLFkfr dkQh vf/d ns[kh xbZA

?kjsyw cky etnwj cM+h la[;k esa f'k{kk izkIr djus ls oafpr jg tkrs gSa 2012 esa] fu;ksDrk ds ?kj esa 5 ls 17 lky ds yxHkx 17-2 fefy;u cPps osru ij ;k mlds fcuk ?kjsyw dke dj jgs FksA buesa nks&frgkbZ yM+fd;ka FkhaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] yhek] is: esa ;qofr;ka xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dks NksM+us vkSj f'k{kk dks tkjh j[kus ds rjhds ds :i esa ?kjsyw dk;Z djrh gSa] ysfdu mudk dk;ZHkkj vDlj mUgsa f'k{kk izkIr djus esa ck/k cu tkrk gSA

dbZ vQzhdh ns'kksa esa f'k{kk ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk ,d vke j.kuhfr gSA lsusxy okfl;ksa ds yxHkx 10% cPpksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k x;k FkkA

tcfd yM+dksa dks f'k{kk ij vf/d tksj nsus okys ifjokjksa esa Hksts tkus dh laHkkouk vf/d jgrh Fkh] mUgksaus vius HkkbZ&cguksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d f'k{kk izkIr dhA yM+fd;ksa dks ?kjsyw dkeksa esa enn djus ds fy, Hksts tkus dh laHkkouk yxHkx pkj xquk vf/d Fkha ysfdu mUgsa f'k{kk izkIr djus ds mn~ns'; ls Hksts tkus dh laHkkouk de FkhA

[kkukcnks'kksa vkSj xMfj;ksa dh f'k{kk laca/h t:jrsa iwjh ugha gksrh gSa ?kweuk [kkukcnks'kksa vkSj xMfj;ksa ds thou dk vfHkUu Hkkx gS] vkSj blesa gLr{ksi djds mudh t:jrksa dks igpkuuk pkfg,A ekSle ds vuqlkj iyk;u djus ls Ldwyksa esa mudh gkft+jh de gks tkrh gS] vkSj Nk=kksa dks vius laxh&lkfFk;ksa dh rqyuk esa f'k{kk gkfly djus vkSj fxurh lh[kus esa eqf'dy gksrh gSA eaxksfy;k esa] iSls dh deh ds dkj.k lksme

2012 esa] fu;ksDrk ds ?kj esa 5 ls 17 lky ds yxHkx 17-2 fefy;u cPps osru ij ;k mlds fcuk ?kjsyw dke dj jgs Fks

16


cksfMaZx Ldwy det+ksj gks x, tks [kkukcnks'kksa dh vkcknh dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djrs gSa] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i [kkukcnks'kksa vkSj xSj&[kkukcnks'kksa cPpksa ds chp f'k{kk izkIr djus esa O;kid vlekurk ikbZ xbZA

dbZ ns'kksa esa [kkukcnks'kksa vkSj xMfj;ksa dh vkcknh ds fy, ljdkjh foHkkx] vk;ksx ;k ifj"knsa lefiZr gSa tSls lwMku esa [kkukcnks'kksa ds fy, f'k{kk foHkkxA ;s ekSle vkSj xfr'khyrk ds vuqlkj f'k{kk dks lek;ksftr djus dk ç;kl djrs gSa; mnkgj.k ds fy, vkoklh; Ldwy vkSj eksckby LdwyA

mÙkjh ukbthfj;k esa] dbZ vYekthjh (^bLykeh Kku ds çoklh Nk=k*) [kkukcnks'k vkSj xMfj, gSaA dkuks jkT; esa] leqnk; ds lkFk tqM+us vkSj xSj&/kfeZd fo"k;ksa ds f'k{kdksa dk p;u djus esa lg;ksx djus ds fy, 700 ikjaifjd f'k{kdksa dks yf{kr djus okyk ,d dk;ZØe 'kq: fd;k x;kA

Ldwyksa dk ,d ,slk usVodZ ftlesa Nk=k fdlh Hkh le; fudy ldrs gSa ;k nkf[kyk ys ldrs gSa] ;g ,d O;kogkfjd lek/ku gks ldrk gS ysfdu blds fy, n{k vkSj çHkkoh fuxjkuh iz.kkyh dh vko';drk gksxhA dsU;k vkSj lksekfy;k lfgr dqN ns'kksa us f'k{kdksa dks f'k{kk çnku djus ds fy, [kkukcnks'kksa ds lkFk ;k=kk djus ds fy, vkSj vf/d eksckby cuk;k gSA

[kkukcnks'kksa dh vkcknh dks f'k{kk iznku dh tkuh pkfg, vkSj muds thou ds rjhds dks egRo nsuk pkfg,A [kkukcnks'k thou'kSyh ds fy, O;kolkf;d f'k{kk fo'ks"k :i ls xMfj;ksa ds fy, çklafxd gks ldrh gSA la;qDr jk"Vª ds [kk| ,o d`f"k laxBu us 2012 ls ftcwrh] bfFk;ksfi;k] dsU;k] nf{k.k lwMku vkSj ;qxkaMk esa pjkxkgksa esa [kkukcnks'k leqnk;ksa ds {ks=kh; Ldwyksaa ds lkFk dke fd;k gS] ftlesa i'kq/u çca/u n{krk ij è;ku dsafær djus vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ds çHkko dks de djus ds ikB~;Øe 'kkfey gSaA

Lons'kh lewg 'kgjksa esa viuh igpku cpk, j[kus ds fy, la?k"kZ djrs gSadbZ txgksa ij] Lons'kh yksxksa dks Ldwyh f'k{kk ds }kjk etcwju nwljh laLd`fr dks lh[kuk&le>uk iM+rk gSA ;g fojklr xjhch vkSj 'kgjh {ks=kksa dks iyk;u djus ls vkSj Hkh leL;kxzLr gks tkrh gS] ftlls izk;% lkaLd`frd {kj.k] Hkk"kk gkfu vkSj HksnHkko gksrk gSA 'kgjh Lons'kh vkcknh ds fy, Hkk"kk dk uqdlku ,d çeq[k eqík gSA bDokMksj] esfDldks vkSj is: ds 'kgjksa esa ;qok ih<+h }kjk vius xzkeh.k lkfFk;ksa dh rqyuk esa Lons'kh Hkk"kkvksa dks cksyus dh laHkkouk dkQh de jgrh gSA

Lons'kh vf/dkjksa ij fofu;ked <kaps esa 'kgjksa esa jgus okys Lons'kh yksxksa ij cgqr de è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA dukMk dh Lons'kh vkcknh dk 50% ls vf/d 'kgjksa esa clrk gSA 'kgjh vkfnoklh vkcknh dk fo'ys"k.k muds thou Lrj esa lq/kj djus ds fy, f'k{kk ds egRo dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj ;g ik;k x;k fd laLd`fr ij vk/kfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj çFkkvksa dks 'kkfey djus ls cpiu dh f'k{kk ds ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kj gqvk gSA

xkaoksa vkSj 'kgjksa esa f'k{kk ;kstukdkjksa ds fy, iyk;u ,d pqukSrh gSxzkeh.k {ks=kksa ls vkcknh dk de gksus dk vFkZ gS fd f'k{kk ;kstukdkjksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa çHkkfor leqnk;ksa ds fgrksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, dq'ky lalk/u vkoaVu dks larqfyr djuk gksxkA fQuySaM us 1990 ls 2015 ds chp 80% Ldwyksa vFkkZr~ dqy 1]600 ls vf/d Ldwyksa] ftuesa Nk=kksa dh la[;k 50 ls de Fkh] dks can dj fn;k ;k lesfdr dj fn;k & dbZ eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa 'kgjhdj.k vkSj de çtuu {kerk us leku pqukSfr;ka mRiUu dhaA 2000 ls 2015 ds chp :lh la?k esa xzkeh.k Ldwyksa dh la[;k 45]000 ls ?kVdj 26]000 jg xbZA phu esa] 2000 ls 2010 ds chp xzkeh.k çkFkfed Ldwyksa dh la[;k esa 52% dh deh vkbZA

n{krk c<+kus ds fy, Ldwyksa dks lqn`<+ djus ij fopkj djrs gq,] ljdkjksa dks Ldwyksa }kjk leqnk;ksa esa egRoiw.kZ lkekftd Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds lkFk&lkFk vU; ykHkksa dks Hkh igpkuuk pkfg,A varjkZ"Vªh; Nk=k vkdyu dk;ZØe (ihvkbZ,l,) 2015 ds vkadM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ls irk pyk gS fd NksVs Ldwyksa esa i<+us okys Nk=kksa esa vuq'kklughurk] vkyL; vkSj vuqifLFkfr dh leL;k de FkhA


17

lkj

lQy lqn`<+rk ds fy, lHkh izHkkfor ikfVZ;ksa ds lkFk ijke'kZ djus vkSj ykxr ij fopkj djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA fyFkqvkfu;kbZ ljdkj us çkFkfed mik; ds :i esa NksVs xzkeh.k çkFkfed Ldwyksa dks lajf{kr djus vkSj lSdM+ksa ubZ clksa ds lkFk lqjf{kr ifjogu çnku fd;k gSA

dqN ns'k thoar jgus ds fy, xzkeh.k Ldwyksa dks lalk/uksa dks lk>k djus vkSj lh[kus ds fy, çksRlkfgr djrs gSaA fpyh esa xzkeh.k f'k{kdksa ds fy, 374 lw{e dsaæ gSa ftuesa vke pqukSfr;ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ppkZ dh tkrh gSA 2011 ls] phu dh ljdkj us NksVs xzkeh.k Ldwyksa esa lqfo/k,a nsus] vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa (,uthvks)] LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa vkSj Ldwyksa dk O;kid uohuhdj.k vkSj mUu;u fd;k gS] rFkk Ldwyksa us lalk/u lk>k djus ds fy, usVodZ LFkkfir fd, gSaA

xanh cfLr;ksa esa çokfl;ksa ds ikl 'kS{kf.kd volj de gksrs gSade ls de 800 fefy;u yksx xanh cfLr;ksa esa jgrs gSaA jk"Vªh; ifjHkk"kk,a ;k vkdyu i¼fr;ka bl la[;k dks de vkad ldrh gSaA >ksiM+ifV~V;ksa esa xkaoksa ls 'kgj dh vksj iyk;u djus okys yksx jgrs gSa ftUgsa lkoZtfud f'k{kk lfgr cqfu;knh lsok,a miyC/ ugha gksrhaA >ksiM+iV~Vh esa jgus okyksa dks gVkus vkSj iquokZl djus ls Ldwy NksM+us okys cPPkksa dh nj c<+ tkrh gS vkSj Ldwyksa esa gkft+jh de gks tkrh gSA 2016 esa ckaXykns'k esa] ekè;fed Ldwy esa fd'kksjksa ds Ldwy NksM+us dh nj vU; 'kgjh {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa >ksiM+iV~Vh dh gh rjg nksxquh FkhA

>ksiM+iV~Vh esa f'k{kk MsVk laxzg djuk çkFkfedrk ugha gS] D;ksafd 'kgjhdj.k esa vkokl] ikuh vkSj LoPNrk pqukSfr;ksa ij è;ku dsafær fd;k tkrk gSA >ksaiM+h@xanh cLrh varjkZ"Vªh; usVodZ 30 ls vf/d ns'kksa esa MsVk ,d=k djrk gS] ysfdu bldk f'k{kk MsVk lhfer gSA xSj&iathd`r futh Ldwy] tks ifCyd Ldwyksa dh deh ds dkj.k vfLrRo esa vkrs gSa] dh otg ls >ksifM+;ksa esa f'k{kk xfrfof/;ksa dks de djds vkadk tk ldrk gSA fdcsjk] dsU;k esa [kqyh eSfiax ifj;kstuk esa ,sls 330 Ldwy ik, x,] tcfd ljdkjh vuqeku 100 FkkA vDlj >ksifM+;ka esa ,dek=k fodYi futh Ldwy gksrs gSa tks csgrj <ax ls fu;af=kr ugha gksrs vkSj muesa vizf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dks fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA uSjksch dh >ksiM+iV~Vh esa f'k{kd dh xq.koÙkk c<+kus ds fy, 'kq: dh xbZ ,d igy us Nk=kksa dh lk{kjrk vkSj la[;kRed ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kj fd;kA

>ksiM+iV~Vh ls lacaf/r 'kgjhdj.k dh cgl esa f'k{kk dks çkFkfedrk nh tkuh pkfg,A >ksiM+iV~Vh ds fuokfl;ksa dh vof/ dks lqjf{kr djuk vkSj mUgsa vf/dkj nsuk f'k{kk çko/ku dh fn'kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gSa] D;ksafd ljdkj ,sls yksxksa ds cqfu;knh f'k{kk <kaps esa fuos'k djus esa bPNqd ugha gksrh gS] ftuds ikl viuh tehu ugha FkhA vtsaZVhuk esa] Hkwfe ij ekfydkuk vf/dkj nh?kkZof/ f'k{kk lq/kj ls tqM+k FkkA

nkf[kys dh dM+h 'krsZa vkSj nLrkost laca/h vko';drk,a izk;% lkekftd lqj{kk dk;ZØeksa esa çoklh Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, ck/k cu tkrh gSaA ;g dk;ZØe mudh f'k{kk ds fy, Qk;nsean gks ldrs gaSA dsU;kbZ >ksiM+iV~Vh esa] 'kgjh lkekftd lqj{kk dk;ZØe dks jk"Vªh; igpku iznku fd, tkus dh vko';drk gS] bl çdkj iwoZ&p;fur 5% çkIrdrkZ] tks 'kj.kkFkhZ Fks] ;k cPpksa okys ifjokj dsU;k jk"Vªh;rk izekf.kr ugha dj ik,A

18


fp=k 2%vf/dka'k vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa] 15 o"khZ; ikap Nk=kksa esa ls de ls de ,d Nk=k igyh & ;k nwljh ih<+h dk vkçoklh FkkA i`"BHkwfe ds vk/kj ij 15 o"khZ; Nk=kksa dk forj.k] p;fur ns'k] 2015

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vksbZlhMhxSj vksbZlhMh

thbZ,e LVkVZ fyad%http://bit.ly/fi g3_4uksV% bl vkadM+ksa esa vkadM+s okys ikap ns'k ,oa lhek {ks=k rFkk vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe okys Nk=kksa dh mPp nj 'kkfey ugha gS% gkaxdkax( phu] yDlecxZ( edkvks] phu( drj( vkSj la;qDr vjc vehjkrA lzksr% 2006 vkSj 2015 ihvkbZ,l, vkSj 2015 VhvkbZ,e,l,l ds vk/kj ij thbZ,e fjiksVZ Vhe fo'ys"k.k

varjkZ"Vªh; iyk;u tc yksx csgrj dke vkSj thou ds voljksa ds fy, iyk;u djrs gSa] rks mUgsa ubZ O;oLFkk esa rkyesy cSBkuk gksrk gS] dkuwuh vkSj ç'kklfud pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVuk iM+rk gS] vkSj Hkk"kkbZ ck/kvksa vkSj laHkkfor HksnHkko ls fuiVuk iM+rk gSA os ftu ns'kksa dks iyk;u djrs gSa] ogka f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks u, yksxksa dks lek;ksftr djus ds fy, lek;kstu ykxr [kpZ djuh iM+rh gSA

2017 esa] 258 fefy;u varjjk"Vªh; çoklh Fks] tks fo'o tula[;k dk 3-4% FkkA buesa ls mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa yxHkx 64% izoklh jgrs Fks] tgka tula[;k ds Hkkx ds :i esa vkçokfl;ksa dk fgLlk 2000 esa 10% ls c<+dj 2017 esa 14% gks x;kA dqoSr] drj vkSj la;qDr vjc vehjkr lfgr dbZ [kkM+h jkT;ksa esa vkçoklh cgqer esa gSaA

dksLVk fjdk] dksV Mh*vkbZoks;j] eysf'k;k vkSj nf{k.k vQzhdk lfgr eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa vkçoklu nj oSf'od vkSlr ls nks ls rhu xquk vf/d gSA blds foijhr] 5% ls vf/d çoklu nj okys ns'kksa esa vYckfu;k] tkftZ;k] teSdk] fdfxZLrku vkSj fudkjkxqvk 'kkfey gSaA esfDldks dk lcls cM+k çoklu dksfjMksj esfDldks gSA vU; esa iwohZ ;wjksi esa if'peh ;wjksi] mÙkjh vQzhdk ls nf{k.kh ;wjksi vkSj nf{k.kh ,f'k;k [kkM+h jkT; 'kkfey gSaA

vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl (vksbZlhMh) ns'kksa ds vf/dka'k laxBuksa esa] 15 o"khZ; Nk=kksa esa ls de ls de ikap Nk=k vkçoklh Fks ;k 2015 esa vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe Fkh (fp=k 2)A bl fjiksVZ esa fn, x, ,d vuqeku ls irk pyrk gS fd mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa 80% ekè;fed Ldwyksa esa] de ls de 5% Nk=k vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe ds gSa (52% esa] de ls de 15% vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe okys gSaA


19

lkj

iyk;u f'k{kk dks izHkkfor djrh gS vkSj mlls izHkkfor gksrh gS çoklh dksbZ ;kn`fPNd vkcknh ugha gSaA xSj&çokfl;ksa esa ,d vU; varj ;g gS fd os vf/d f'kf{kr gSa] tks mUgsa csgrj tkudkjh ,d=k djus] vkfFkZd voljksa dk mi;ksx djus] dkS'ky dks gLrkarfjr djus vkSj foÙk çoklu dk mi;ksx djus esa enn djrs gSaA 2000 esa] mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk okys yksxksa dh oSf'od çoklu nj 5-4% Fkh] ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fy, 1-8% vkSj çkFkfed f'k{kk ds fy, 1-1% FkhA

çoklu ds le; 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk Hkh mu fLFkfr;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS ftuds varxZr çokfl;ksa us lhek ikj dh gS% mfpr nLrkostksa ds fcuk ,y lkYokMksj] gSrh] esfDldks vkSj fudkjkxqvk ds vesfjdh vkçokfl;ksa us vLFkk;h vuqca/ksa dh rqyuk esa vkSlru vf/d f'k{kk izkIr dh Fkh] tcfd ;g f'k{kk dkuwuh :i ls cus fuokfl;ksa ls de FkhA

'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk vkSj miyfC/ ij çoklu ds çHkko dks le>us ds fy, dh xbZ nks rqyuk egRoiw.kZ gSaA igyh] mu yksxksa ds chp gS tks iyk;u

djrs gSa ;k ugha djrs gSa] gkykafd ;s lewg iyk;u djus ds fu.kZ; ysus ls fHkUu gksrs gSa (mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn çoklh vf/d le; rd :ds gksrs rks os vf/d f'kf{kr gks ldrs Fks)A nwljk vkçokfl;ksa vkSj ewy fuokfl;ksa ds chp gS] tks iyk;u ntsZ ls Hkh vf/d fHkUu gks ldrs gSaA dqN ekeyksa esa] pqfuank vkçoklu uhfr;ksa dk ;g vFkZ gks ldrk gS fd vkçoklh ewy fuoklh ls vf/d f'kf{kr gSa; vU; ekeyksa esa] vkçoklh xjhc bykdksa esa jgrs gSa tgka fupys Lrj ds Ldwy vPNs ugha gksrs] tks muds cPpksa }kjk de f'k{kk izkIr djus dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA

iyk;u ihNs NwV x, cPPkksa dh f'k{kk dks izHkkfor djrh gSA çoklh izk;% cPpksa dks ihNs NksM+ tkrs gSaA fQyhihal esa] vuqekfur 1-5 fefy;u ls 3 fefy;u cPpksa ds de ls de ,d varjjk"Vªh; çoklh ekrk&firk gSaA f'k{kk ds fy, Hkstk x;k /u egRoiw.kZ gks ldrk gSA

fo'o Lrj ij] ifjokjksa dks 2017 esa varjkZ"Vªh; Hksts x, /u ds :i esa 613 fcfy;u vejhdh MkWyj feys] ftlesa de vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa dks 466 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj Hksts tk jgs Fks & ;s ljdkjh fodkl lgk;rk dh ek=kk ls rhu xquk FksA Hkkjr vkSj phu dks lcls cM+h jkf'k feyh tcfd fdfxZLrku vkSj Vksaxk dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk çfr'kr c<+kA

fl¼kar :i esa] Hksts x, /u dk f'k{kk ij ldkjkRed ;k udkjkRed çHkko iM+ ldrk gSA vk; ds fofo/ lzksr chek çHkko çnku djrs gSa% ifjokjksa }kjk f'k{kk O;; esa dVkSrh djus dh laHkkouk de gks ldrh gSA fQj Hkh] gkykafd vfrfjDr vk; ls ?kjsyw [kpZ esa o`f¼ gksrh gS] f'k{kk vU; O;; ds lkFk çfrLi/kZ djrh gS] cPpksa dks çoklh ds Je dks çfrLFkkfir djuk iM+ ldrk gS] vkSj ekrk&firk ds buiqV dh deh f'k{kk dks ckf/r dj ldrh gSA Hkstk x;k /u Hkh ^iyk;u dh laLd`fr* cuk ldrk gS] ftlesa fons'k esa fuEu ;k vnZ~/ dq'ky Je ij mPp izfrykHk f'k{kk dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, grksRlkfgr dj ldrk gSA

O;kogkfjd rkSj ij] mi&lgkjk vQzhdk vkSj eè;] nf{k.kh vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k esa 18 ns'kksa esa vè;;u ls irk pyk gS fd varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij Hksts x, /u ls ?kjsyw f'k{kk [kpZ esa 35% dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ySfVu vesfjdk (53%) esa Hkh bldk çHkko O;kid FkkA

,lMhth y{; 10-x esa Hksts x, /u dh ysunsu ykxr dks vkSlru 3% de djus ds fy, dgk x;k gSA orZeku vkSlr 7-1% gSA ikjaifjd cSad lcls egaxs pSuy gSa] tks 11% 'kqYd ysrs gSa] vkSj vQzhdk esa dqN eè;LFk 20% ls vf/d 'kqYd ysrs gSaA f'k{kk ij dqy ?kjsyw [kpZ dk fgLlk 4% ekurs gq,] çs"k.k ykxr dks 3% rd de djus ls ifjokjksa dks çfr o"kZ f'k{kk ij vfrfjDr 1 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj [kpZ djus dh vuqefr fey ldrh gSA

dbZ vè;;uksa ls irk pyrk gS fd f'k{kk ifj.kkeksa ij ?kj Hksts x, /u dk lexz çHkko ldkjkRed gksrk gSA fQyhihal esa] varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ls ?kj Hksts x, iSls esa 10% dh o`f¼ us Ldwy dh mifLFkfr 10% ls vf/d c<+k nh vkSj blls cky etnwjh esa çfr lIrkg rhu ?kaVs ls vf/d dh deh gqbZA bldk çHkko fyax vk/kj ij fHkUu gks ldrk gSA tkMZu esa] ?kj Hksts x, /u ls dsoy iq#"kksa dh vfuok;Z f'k{kk mifLFkfr ij ldkjkRed çHkko iM+kA

2000 esa] mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk okys yksxksa dh oSf'od çoklu nj 5-4% Fkh] ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fy, 1-8% vkSj çkFkfed f'k{kk ds fy, 1-1% Fkh

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ldkjkRed fu"d"kZ dks fo'ks"k :i ls pqfuank çoklu dksfjMksj ;k lanHkZ esas de nkf[kys dh 'kq#vkr ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA dqN de dkS'ky okys çoklu dksfjMksj esa] ifj.kkeksa ij udkjkRed çHkko dk irk pyk gSA XokVsekyk esa nkf[kys dh laHkkouk esa O;kid deh varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ls Hksts x, /u ls tqM+h Fkha] gkykafd ?kj ij /u Hkstus ds ifj.kkeLo:i nkf[kyk ysus okyksa us csgrj çn'kZu fd;k FkkA xzkeh.k eSfDldks esa] ?kj ij /u Hkstus ds dkj.k ihNs jg x, Nk=kksa ds f'k{kk ifj.kke vPNs ugha jgs FksA

çoklh xarO; ns'kksa esa f'k{kk ewY; dk Hkqxrku djrs gSaxarO; ns'kksa esa] vkçoklh vDlj f'k{kk igys gh NksM+ nsrs gSaA ;wjksih; la?k esa] 2017 dh 'kq#vkr esa 18 ls 24 o"kZ ds vk;q oxZ ds 10% ewy fuoklh vkSj fons'kksa esa tUes 19% yksxksa us Ldwy igys gh NksM+ fn;kA Ldwy NksM+uk vkus okys dh vk;q ij fuHkZj gks ldrk gS_ blds ifj.kke bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrs gSa fd D;k Nk=k çkjafHkd] eè; ;k vfuok;Z f'k{kk ds var esa estcku iz.kkyh esa nkf[kyk ysrs gSaA vesfjdk esa] 7 lky dh mez esa vkus okys 40% eSfDldu çokfl;ksa us 14 o"kZ dh mez esa vkus okys 70% yksxksa dh rqyuk esa ekè;fed Ldwy dh f'k{kk iwjh ugha dh FkhA

gkykafd] vkçokfl;ksa dh f'k{kk dh fLFkfr ewy fuoklh vkSj ihNs NwVus okyksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d rsth ls lq/jrh gSA teZuh esa] ewy fuoklh] ftuds ekrk&firk dh vkSlr f'k{kk de Fkh] dh f'k{kk muds vçoklh lkfFk;ksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr ean xfr ls c<+hA 10 ySfVu vesfjdh vkSj dSjhfc;kbZ ns'kksa esa ls 8 ns'kksa esa] iyk;u u djus okys ekrk&firk ds cPpksa dh rqyuk esa vkçokfl;ksa ds cPpksa us vkSlru 1-4 lky vf/d f'k{kk izkIr dhA

f'k{kk çkfIr esa varjky ih<+h nj ih<+h gksrk gSA 2015 ihvkbZ,l, ds vuqlkj] igyh ih<+h ds 49% vkSj nwljh ih<+h ds 15% o"khZ; vkçokfl;ksa us 61% ewy fuoklh dh rqyuk esa i<+us] xf.kr vkSj foKku esa de ls de Lrj 2 dh n{krk çkIr dhA dukMk] teZuh vkSj bVyh esa] ewy fuoklh nwljh ih<+h ds vkçokfl;ksa dh rqyuk esa fo'ks"k :i ls mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk izkIr dj jgs gSaA

Ng ns'kksa esa nwljh ih<+h ds rqdhZ vkçokfl;ksa dh rqyuk djus ls irk pyk gS fd teZuh esa dsoy 5%] tcfd Qzkaal esa 37% yksxksa us mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk gkfly dh gSA ckn esa laLFkkxr dkj.kksaa] tSls iwoZ&çkFkfed f'k{kk 'kh?kz miyC/ gksus] ekè;fed f'k{kk esa nsj ls nkf[kyk ysus vkSj de {kerk okys pj.kksa ds ekè;e ls mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk rd igqap us bl varj dks le>kus esa enn dhA

fuEu lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr vksbZlhMh esa vkçoklh f'k{kk ds varj dk yxHkx 20% Li"V djrh gS; Qzkal vkSj xzhl lfgr dqN ns'kksa esa] ;g vk/s ls T;knk le>k tk ldrk gSA vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa vkçoklh Nk=kksa }kjk ewy fuoklh Nk=kksa dh rqyuk esa xzsM ds nksgjkus dh laHkkouk nks xq.kk jgrh gSA

/u ?kj Hkstus ds fy, izokfl;ksa }kjk ns; ykxr dks

7.1% ls ?kVkdj 3% djus ij f'k{kk ds fy,

1 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj iznku gksaxs


21

lkj

iyk;u vkSj ukxfjdrk uhfr;ka Ldwyh f'k{kk esa ck/k Mkyrh gSaf'k{kk dk vf/dkj vkSj lkekU; xSj&HksnHkko okys fl¼kar cPPkksa ds vf/dkjksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLdfrd vf/dkj lEesyu esa varj&fufgr gSaA ,d vkizkoklh&fof'k"V varjjk"Vªh; laf/ ;g iqf"V djrh gS fd çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk f'k{kk {ks=k esa ukxfjdksa dh rjg O;ogkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] gkykafd pkj ns'kksa esa ls dsoy ,d ns'k] tgka ls iyk;u gks jgk gS] us gh bls vc rd eatwjh nh gSA O;kogkfjd :i ls] çfrcaf/r vkçoklu uhfr;ka] vlaxr dkuwu vkSj estcku ns'k dh l[r nLrkosthdj.k vko';drk bl vf/dkj dh iwfrZ dks jksd ldrh gSaA

phu vkSj xzhl lfgr dqN lafo/ku ukxfjdksa ds f'k{kk ds vf/dkj dks lhfer djrs gSaA vU; jk"Vªh; dkuwu f'k{kk ds laoS/kfud vf/dkj dks detksj dj ldrs gSaA lkbçl vkSj Lyksokfd;k esa] Ldwyksa dks vkçoklu çkf/dj.kksa dks oS/ nLrkosthdj.k ds fcuk ifjokjksa dk C;kSjk ntZ djkus ds fy, ckè; fd;k tkrk gSA nf{k.k vQzhdk esa] vkizkoklh vf/fu;e 2002 nLrkost u j[kus okys çokfl;ksa dks Ldwy esa nkf[kyk ysus ls jksd yxkrk gSA

fons'k esa tUe ysus okyh yksxksa ds f'k{kk vf/dkjksa ls lacaf/r dkuwu ls ;g laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gS fd f'k{kk dk vf/dkj iwjk fd;k tk,xkA vtsaZVhuk esa] jk"Vªh; f'k{kk dkuwu 2006 lHkh fuokfl;ksa dks f'k{kk dk vf/dkj çnku djrk gSA Lyksosfu;kbZ çkFkfed Ldwy vf/fu;e Li"V :i ls jkT;foghu yksxksa dks f'k{kk dk vf/dkj iznku djrk gSA

,d lexz dkuwuh <kapk t:jh ugha fd {ks=kh; ;k LFkkuh; HksnHkko çFkkvksa dks jksdrk gksA Ldwy tUe çek.k&i=k] iwoZ f'k{kk çek.k&i=k] jk"Vªh; igpku&i=k ;k nkf[kys ds fy, vkokl çek.k&i=k dh ekax dj ldrs gSaA fpyh esa] tgka gSrh;u çokfl;ksa dh la[;k 2010 esa 5000 ls Hkh de Fkh] 2017 esa c<+dj 105]000 gks xbZA uhfr esa ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd lkoZtfud f'k{kk lHkh cPpksa dks çnku dh tkuh pkfg,; O;kogkfjd :i ls] f'k{kk çko/ku LFkkuh; ljdkjh vf/dkfj;ksa ds foosdkf/dkj ij fuHkZj djrk gSA mTcsfdLrku esa Ldwy ds vf/dkfj;ksa dks izk;% nkf[kys ls igys jk"Vªh; Hkk"kk esa fuokl] ikliksVZ ;k lqfo/k,a ysus ds fy, izek.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

ljdkjh Li"Vhdj.k Ldwy esa nkf[kyk nsus okyksa dks ;g vk'oLr dj ldrk gS fd dkuwu ds varxZr iw.kZ nLrkost dh vko';drk ugha gS] vkSj ,d Bksl jk"Vªh; dkuwuh <kapk O;fDr;ksa dh f'kdk;rsa lquus ds fy, volj çnku dj ldrk gSA 2014 esa] bVyh vkSj rqdhZ us Li"V fd;k fd nkf[kys ds fy, nLrkost dk gksuk vfuok;Z ugha FkkA Qzkal esa] ekrk&firk nkf[kys esa HksnHkko cjrus ds fu.kZ;ksa esa lq/kj djus ds fy, yksdiky ;k vnkyrksa ls vihy dj ldrs gSaA

fQj Hkh] fcuk nLrkost okys çokfl;ksa dks f'k{kk izkIr djus esa ck/kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA la;qDRk jkT; vesfjdk esa] tgka 2014 esa 11 fefy;u vuf/d`r vkçoklh Fks] ogka fuokZlu dk [krjk cPpksa dks Ldwy ls nwj j[k ldrk gS% Qjojh 2017 esa] ,d vkçoklu Nkis ds ckn ykl Øwlsl] U;w eSfDldks] Ldwy ftys esa vuqifLFkfr dh nj 60% c<+ xbZA 2012 ckY;koLFkk vkxeu vkLFkfxr dkjZokbZ (Mh,lh,) dk;ZØe us 1-3 fefy;u xSj&nLrkost ;qokvksa dks yf{kr fd;k tks cPpksa ds :i esa igqaps Fks] ftlesa fuokZlu ls lqj{kk vkSj dk;Z ijfeV ds fy, ik=krk çnku dh xbZ FkhA bl dk;ZØe us ekè;fed Lukrd njksa esa vuqekfur 15% dh o`f¼ dh D;ksafd ik=k vkçokfl;ksa us 'krksaZ dks iwjk djus dh ekax dh gSA

vdsys çokflr ukckfyxksa dh f'k{kk vko';drk,a izk;% iwjh ugha gksrh gSa] tks fo'ks"k :i ls 'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA 2015&2016 esa nqfu;k Hkj esa mudh la[;k 66]000 ls c<+dj 2015&2016 esa 300]000 gks xbZA vkWLVªsfy;k] xzhl] baMksusf'k;k] eysf'k;k] esfDldks] ukm: vkSj FkkbZySaM lfgr dbZ ns'kksa esa] vkçoklh fgjklr esa j[ks x, cPpksa vkSj ;qokvksa dks izk;% f'k{kk rd lhfer igqap gksrh gS ;k fcYdqy ugha gksrhA 2011 vkSj 2016 ds chp bVyh esa vkus okys 86]000 ukckfyxksa esa ls yxHkx 73% vdsys FksA mUgsa cpkus ds mís'; ls 2015 vkSj 2017 esa dkuwu cuus ds ckotwn] dsoy ,d vYila[;d fu;fer :i ls Ldwy x;kA

nLrkost dh deh nqfu;k Hkj esa 10 fefy;u jkT;foghu yksxksa ds fy, ck/k,a mRiUu dj ldrh gS] ftuesa ls dqN çokfl;ksa ds oa'kt gSaA dksVs Mh*vkbZoks;j esa] 700]000 jkT;foghu yksxksa dks] f'k{kk izkIr djus ds fy, jk"Vªh;rk izek.k&i=k dh vko';drk gSA Mksfefudu x.kjkT; esa] tgka gtkjksa gSrh;u çokfl;ksa ls jk"Vªh;rk Nhu yh xbZ gS] 2012 esa gSrh esa iSnk gq, 6 ls 13 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa dh çkFkfed Ldwy mifLFkfr nj 52% Fkh] tcfd vU; ns'kksa esa iSnk gq, vkçokfl;ksa dh mifLFkfr nj 82% FkhA

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f'k{kk uhfr;ka çokfl;ksa dk Ldwy esa nkf[kys dk leFkZu dj ldrh gSa'kq#vkrh ckY;koLFkk dk;ZØe] Hkk"kk leFkZu dk;ZØe] vkSj MsVk ,d=k djus] p;u vkSj i`FkDdj.k ls lacaf/r uhfr;ka f'k{kk miyC/rk esa lq/kj djus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSaA

çkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk dk;ZØeksa esa vkçoklh Hkkxhnkjh ,d vko';d vk/kj gSA vkSlru] iwoZ&çkFkfed f'k{kk esa Hkkx ysus okys 15 o"khZ; vkçokfl;ksa ds i<+us dk Ldksj ml jkf'k ls vf/d Fkk tks ,d o"kZ rd Ldwy tkus ls lacaf/r FkkA fcuk nLrkost okys vkçokfl;ksa ds fy, çkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk dk;ZØeksa esa 'kkfey gksuk eqf'dy gks ldrk gS% la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa] 3 o"kZ ls de vkSj 4 o"kZ ls de fcuk nLrkost okys cPpksa ds fy, iwoZ&fo|ky; nkf[kyk ysuk] nLrkost j[kus okys vkçokfl;ksa vkSj ewy fuoklh nksuksa ls fiNM+ x;k FkkA

Hkk"kk çoh.krk dh deh f'k{kk ds fy, gkfu gS] D;ksafd ;g lkekthdj.k] laca/ cukus vkSj viusiu dh Hkkouk dks jksdrh gS vkSj blls HksnHkko dk tksf[ke c<+rk gSA 2012 esa] 53% de lk{kjrk okys igyh ih<+h ds vkçoklh Nk=k] 23 mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa Ldwy ds ckgj vfrfjDr lk{kjrk ikB~;Øeksa esa Hkkx ys jgs FksA

csfYt;e] Qzkal vkSj fyFkqvkfu;k esa rS;kjh d{kkvksa dh vof/ ,d o"kZ ls ysdj xzhl esa pkj lky rd fHkUu&fHkUu gksrh gSA teZuh dh ^Lokxr d{kk,a* vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe okys Nk=kksa ds fy, vyx&vyx xgu Hkk"kk funsZ'k çnku djrh gSaA Lisu esa] {ks=k rhu ekWMyksa esa ls ,d dk ikyu djrs gSa & vLFkk;h d{kk,a] ftuesa Nk=k fnu ds fgLls esa Hkkx ysrs gSa] fons'kh Hkk"kk d{kk,a] vkSj varj&lkaLd`frd d{kk,a ftuesa ifjokjksa vkSj Ldwyksa ds chp laca/ cukus ds fy, Hkk"kk ds }kjk è;ku dsafær fd;k tkrk gSA ljdkjksa dks nh?kkZof/ ds fy, vyx ls Ldwyh f'k{kk iznku djus ls cpus dh t:jr gS D;ksafd blls ?kkVk vkSj uqdlku c<+ ldrk gSA

çkjafHkd {kerk&vk/kfjr p;u vkçoklu Nk=kksa dks uqdlku igqapkrk gS] voljksa ds lkFk le>kSrk djrk gS rFkk blls vlekurk iSnk gksrh gS vkSj lkekftd i`"BHkwfe vkSj Nk=k ifj.kkeksa ds chp etcwr fj'rk ugha curkA bVyh esa] 33% is'ksoj Ldwy vkSj 13% rduhdh Ldwy Lukrdksa dh rqyuk esa] 59% vkçoklh lkekU; ekè;fed Lukrdksa us fo'ofo|ky; esa nkf[kyk fy;k FkkA

vkçoklh Nk=kksa ds miuxjh; {ks=kksa vkSj de 'kS{kf.kd ekudksa vkSj çn'kZu Lrj okys Ldwyksa esa i<+us dh vf/d laHkkouk gksrh gSA i`Fkdrk bl vk/kj ij gksrh gS fd ns'kh Nk=k le`¼ iM+ksl esa pys tkrs gSaA ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa ns'kh Hkk"kk u cksyus okyksa ds }kjk] oafpr ns'kh Hkk"kk cksyus okyksa ds lkFk Ldwy tkus dh laHkkouk vf/d FkhA vkçokfl;ksa dk fgLlk oafpr ewy fuoklh ds f'k{kk ifj.kkeksa esa Hkh ck/k Mky ldrk gSA ukWosZ esa] Ldwy esa vkçokfl;ksa ds fgLls esa 10 çfr'kr dh vad o`f¼ muds Ldwy NksM+us dh 3 çfr'kr dh vad o`f¼ ls tqM+h gqbZ FkhA

ns'k vyxko ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu lk/uksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA bVyh esa] 2010 esa tkjh ,d ifji=k us d{kk esa vf/dre 30% igyh ih<+h ds vkçokfl;ksa dks fu/kZfjr dj fn;kA O;kogkfjd :i esa] 17% çkFkfed d{kkvksa dh lhek ikj gks xbZA Qzkal vkSj teZuh esa Ldwyh f'k{kk esa vyxko dks lhfer djus laca/h uhfr;ksa vkSj lq/kjksa ds ckotwn] ekrk&firk fu/kZfjr fd, x, Ldwyksa dks >wB cksyrs gSa] vkSj Ldwyksa dks /kfeZd ;k fons'kh Hkk"kk funsZ'kksa ds ekrk&firk ds fodYiksa ds vk/kj ij vyx&vyx d{kk,a çnku djus ds rjhds <wa< ysrs gSaA cfyZu ds pkj ftyksa esa 108 çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds vkd"kZ.k {ks=kksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyk fd ikap Ldwyksa esa ls ,d esa] nkf[kyk fn, x, vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe Nk=kksa dh la[;k {ks=k esa jgus okys dh la[;k ls nksxquk FkhA

dqN ljdkjsa cgqla[;d vkçoklh Nk=kksa okys Ldwyksa dk leFkZu djrh gSaftu Ldwyksa esa vf/d vkçoklh ;k 'kj.kkFkhZ Nk=k gksrs gSa] mUgsa vf/d /u feyus dh laHkkouk jgrh gSA QkWewZyk&vk/kfjr foRr&iks"k.k dk mís'; gkfu ls tqM+s dkj.kksa dk mYys[k djds Ldwyksa dks vfrfjDr lalk/u vkoafVr djds bfDoVh dks c<+kuk gSA dqN dk;ZØeksa esa çokfl;ksa dks Ldwy foÙk&iks"k.k esa ,d Li"V dkjd ds :i esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA fyFkqvkfu;k esa] Ldwy ds ctV esa jk"Vªh; vYila[;d Nk=kksa ds fy, vfrfjDr 20% vuqnku feyrk gS vkSj ns'k esa vius igys Ldwy o"kZ esa vkçoklh Nk=kksa ds fy, 30% vuqnku feyrk gSA


23

lkj

,slh izFkk,a viokn gSa] ysfdu çoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ Nk=k vçR;{k :i ls vfrfjDr /ujkf'k izkIr dj ldrs gSaA funsZ'k dh Hkk"kk esa n{krk u gksus ;k vklikl lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr;ka vuqdwy u gksus ij foRr&iks"k.k fey ldrk gSA vkçokfl;ksa esa vke rkSj ij ;s nksuksa fLFkfr;ka ikbZ tkrh gSaA baXySaM esa u, jk"Vªh; foRr&iks"k.k QkWewZys (;wukbVsM fdaxMe) esa çokfl;ksa ds fy, fof'k"V foÙk&iks"k.k lekIr dj fn;k x;k gS] ysfdu bl rjg ds uqdlku dks ^oafpr*] ^fuEu iwoZ çkfIr* vkSj ^vfrfjDr Hkk"kk ds :i esa vaxzsth* dh HkjikbZ djus ds fy, /u vkoafVr fd;k tkrk gSA

çoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ Nk=kksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, izk;% Ldwyksa ds fy, vfrfjDr lalk/u miyC/ gksrs gSa] tks ewy foÙk&iks"k.k QkewZyk ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA 2008&2011 esa MsuekdZ dh ljdkj us vkçoklh ifjokjksa vkSj Ldwyksa ds chp lg;ksx dks lqn`<+ djus ds fy, Ldwyksa vkSj x`g lykgdkjksa tSlh xfrfof/;ksa vkSj lalk/uksa ds fy, yxHkx 3 fefy;u vejhdh MkWyj jkf'k fu/kZfjr dh gSA

dqN ns'k foÙk&iks"k.k QkewZys ds vykok Hkk"kk dk;ZØeksa ds fy, lgk;rk iznku djrs gSaA vesfjdh vaxzsth Hkk"kk vf/xzg.k dk;ZØe vaxzsth lh[kus okyksa dh la[;k ds vk/kj ij jkT; QkewZyk vuqnku ds :i esa çR;sd o"kZ 740 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj vkoafVr djrk gSA Hkk"kk funsZ'k ykxw djus ds fy, Ldwy bl foÙk&iks"k.k dh vksj vkdf"kZr gksrs gSaA f'k{kdksa dks Hkh vfrfjDr lgk;rk nh tk ldrh gS] tks vkçoklh Nk=kksa vkSj ifjokjksa ls tqM+us esa dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk dj ldrs gSaA

çoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ Nk=kksa ls tqM+h fu/kZfjr lgk;rk Ldwy vkSj ç'kklu dh <kapkxr pqukSfr;ksa dks utjvankt dj ldrh gSA de f'k{kk izkIr vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks igys ls gh Ldwy esa deZpkfj;ksa dh de la[;k ds dkj.k iM+ksl esa lewg esa jguk iM+rk gSA vko';drk iM+us ij Ldwyksa esa f'k{kdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, fu;fer Ldwy ctV ls çksRlkgu çnku djuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA blds vykok] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa jktuhfrd fu.kZ; dk;ZØeksa ds fy, vLFkk;h foÙk&iks"k.k ;k vfrfjDr ctV lgk;rk iznku dj ldrk gSA

lk{kjrk vkSj Hkk"kk dk;ZØe o;Ld vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djus dk ,d vk/kj&LraHk gSavkçoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ lk{kjrk dkS'ky O;kid :i ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA 2016 esa teZuh esa 'kj.k ysus okyksa ds ,d losZ{k.k ls irk pyk fd muesa 15% vf'kf{kr Fks] 34% ySfVu fyfi esa lk{kj Fks vkSj 51% ,d vU; fyfi esa lk{kj FksA o;Ld lk{kjrk vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds Lokxr vkSj lEeku dh Hkkouk vkSj fnu&çfrfnu dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus mudh ckrphr djus dh {kerk dks c<+k ldrh gSA est+cku ns'k dh Hkk"kk esa n{krk gkfly djus ls ukSdjh ds volj c<+ tkrs gSa] mPp dekbZ gksrh gS vkSj vius LokLF; dh ns[kHkky csgrj <ax ls gksrh gSA fQj Hkh] O;kid lkoZtfud lk{kjrk dk;ZØeksa esa o;Ld vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij vf/d è;ku fn, tkus dh laHkkouk ugha gksrhA

vkçoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ fofo/rk dks igpkuus ds fy, dk;ZØe yphys gksus pkfg, vkSj mudh rhozrk] fo"k;&oLrq vkSj le;&lkfj.kh vyx&vyx gksuh pkfg,A lh[kus okys tks viuh igyh Hkk"kk esa vf'kf{kr gksrs gSa] fo'ks"k pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gSaA ,d vuqeku ls irk pyk gS fd fcuk fdlh ;k ekewyh vkSipkfjd f'k{kk okys yksxksa dks nwljh Hkk"kk i<+us esa cqfu;knh Lrj dk Kku izkIr djus esa vkB xquk vf/d le; yx ldrk gSA fQuySaM esa] /hek lh[kus dk vFkZ gS fd çnku fd;k x;k çf'k{k.k vf'kf{kr o;Ldksa ds fy, cgqr NksVk gks ldrk gSA

,sls f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk ds fy,] f'k{kdksa dks mu lkefxz;ksa dk mi;ksx djus esa dkS'ky dh vko';drk gksrh gS ftUgsa vkçokfl;ksa dks nSfud thou esa ,d pqukSrh ds :i esa lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA fo;uk ds vYQktsaVªe Qj ekbxzsaVbuusu dk;ZØe esa] lh[kus okys vius dk;ZLFky ;k ?kj ls lkexzh çnku djrs gSa ftUgsa os le>uk pkgrs gSaA

o;Ld vkçokfl;ksa dks mudh viuh Hkk"kk esa f'k{k.k vkSj lh[kuk çkjafHkd lk{kjrk vf/xzg.k dk leFkZu djus dk ,d çHkkoh rjhdk gks ldrk gSA ukWosZ esa] o;Ld f'k{kk dsaæksa us f'k{kdksa vkSj f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa ds chp le> dh dfBukbZ dks nwj djus ds fy, çkjafHkd lk{kjrk d{kkvksa esa lgk;d ds :i esa lcls f'kf{kr vkçoklh f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk dke djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA

/u dh deh dk;ZØe ds lapkyu dks lhfer dj ldrh gS] fo'ks"kdj tgka ljdkjh lalk/u vkSj lgk;rk ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa uhfr ds vuq:i ugha gksrh gSA xjhch] lqj{kk dh fpark vkSj lkaLd`frd :i ls mfpr dk;ZØe dk vHkko O;fDr;ksa] fo'ks"k :i ls efgykvksa dks d{kkvksa esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, grksRlkfgr dj ldrk gSA tkrh; Hkk"kkbZ {ks=kksa esa u, vkizkokfl;ksa dh cM+h la[;k Hkk"kk lh[kus dh leL;k dks de dj ldrh gSA vkSj iyk;u dh vLFkk;h çd`fr fdlh ubZ Hkk"kk dks lh[kus dh bPNk dks de dj ldrh gSA

24


Hkk"kk dk;ZØe lgt ,oa ljy] lkaLd`frd :i ls laosnu'khy vkSj lalk/u laiUu gksus pkfg,A ;kstuk vkSj funsZ'k esa vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djus ls ;s ennxkj gks ldrs gSaA U;wthySaM esa dk;ZØe dh :ijs[kk cukrs le;] ljdkj us ikB~;Øeksa dh okaNuh; fo'ks"krkvksa vkSj ck/kvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, iwoZ vkSj orZeku 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ls ijke'kZ fd;kA

pwafd jkstxkj vkus okys vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, çkFkfedrk gS] vr% ,dhdj.k vkSj Hkk"kk lh[kus dks dk;Zcy Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk tksM+k tk ldrk gSA dScks oMsZ esa jgus okys vQzhdh leqnk;ksa ds vkçokfl;ksa dks lk{kjrk vkSj çf'k{k.k iznku djus ds varxZr lk{kjrk] iqrZxkyh Hkk"kk vkSj O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k tSls daI;wVj dkS'ky vkSj c<+bZxhjh lh[kkuk 'kkfey gSA teZu ljdkj ds ,dhdj.k ikB~;Øe esa teZu Hkk"kk funsZ'k ds 600 ?kaVs 'kkfey gSa] vkSj ch 1 çoh.krk rd igqapus okys 'kj.kkFkhZ ukSdjh ls lacaf/r Hkk"kk çf'k{k.k ds fy, ik=k gksrs gSaA

çokfl;ksa dks foÙkh; f'k{kk dh vko';drk dbZ ikjaifjd ns'kksa vkSj de dkS'ky okys çkoklh leqnk;ksa esa foÙkh; lk{kjrk de gksrh gS] ftlls vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks /ks[kk/M+h ;k foÙkh; 'kks"k.k dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA fo'ks"k :i ls] estcku ns'kksa esa foÙkh; vkSj dY;k.k ç.kkyh] ds lkFk&lkFk /u tek djus ds pSuy] çkjafHkd :i esa vLi"V gks ldrs gSaA

foÙkh; f'k{kk ij vksbZlhMh baVjus'kuy usVodZ tSlh oSf'od igyksa esa foÙkh; f'k{kk dks izksRlkfgr djus okys O;kid ,tsaMs ds Hkkx ds :i esa çokfl;ksa ij è;ku nsuk 'kkfey gSA çokfl;ksa ds fy, foÙkh; f'k{kk dk;ZØeksa esa izk;% varjjk"Vªh;] ljdkjh] xSj&ljdkjh vkSj futh {ks=k ds fgr/kjd 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

baMksusf'k;k us 2013 esa ,d jk"Vªh; foÙkh; lk{kjrk j.kuhfr viukbZA ;g fo'o cSad ds lkFk la;qDr dk;ZØe }kjk mRiUu lk{; ij vk/kfjr gS] ftlesa çf'k{k.k rc fn;k tkrk gS tc laHkkfor çokfl;ksa dks cM+s foÙkh; fu.kZ; ysus iM+rs gSaA eksjDdu foÙkh; f'k{kk QkmaMs'ku us eksjDdks esa izkokfl;ksa ds fy, dk;ZØe foÙkh; f'k{kk dk;ZØe LFkkfir djus ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu ds lkFk Hkkxhnkjh dhA jksekfu;k esa] varjkZ"Vªh; vkizkoklh laxBu us ekLVjdkMZ QkmaMs'ku ds lkFk vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds ,dhdj.k dk leFkZu djus ds fy, ,d la;qDr igy izkjaHk dh] ftlesa detksj lewgksa dks çkFkfedrk nh xbZA blesa cPpksa] efgykvksa vkSj fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa okys yksxksa dks çkFkfedrk nh xbZA

vPNh foÙkh; lk{kjrk gksus ij Hkh] çkokfl;ksa dks foÙkh; 'kCnkoyh vkSj foÙkh; mRiknksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh tkudkjh ugha gks ldrh gSA mUgsa vius ns'k vkSj estcku leqnk;ksa nksuksa esa foÙkh; laLFkkuksa ds izfr fo'okl dh deh gks ldrh gSA fcuk nLrkost okys çokfl;ksa vkSj u, vkus okys 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks izk;% Mj lrkrk jgrk gS fd foÙkh; lsokvksa rd igqap ds fy, vuqjks/ dh xbZ tkudkjh dk mi;ksx mUgsa igpkuus vkSj laHkkfor :i ls fuokZflr djus ds fy, fd;k tk,xkA foÙkh; m|ksx ds ikl çokfl;ksa vkSj muds ns'k esa muds ifjokjksa ds fy, çklafxd vkSj lkaLd`frd :i ls laosnu'khy mRiknksa dh deh gksrh gSA

çokfl;ksa ds vkfFkZd dY;k.k ij foÙkh; f'k{kk ds çHkko ds lk{; feys&tqys gSaA drj esa Hkkjrh; çokfl;ksa ds ,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd foÙkh; fu.kZ; ysus esa foÙkh; f'k{kk çHkkoh Fkh] Hkys gh bldk izHkko de FkkA vkLVªsfy;k] fQth vkSj U;wthySaM esa ,d vè;;u esa ;g ik;k x;k fd foÙkh; lk{kjrk dk;ZØe us vkSipkfjd cSafdax ds mi;ksx dks cgqr vf/d çHkkfor ugha fd;k FkkA .


25

lkj

tcjnLrh foLFkkfir yksxksa dh leL;k rc vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrh gS tc os f'k{kk ls oafpr gks tkrs gSa

foLFkkiunwljs fo'o ;q¼ dh lekfIr ds ckn ls foLFkkfir yksxksa dh la[;k mPpre Lrj ij gSA foLFkkfir yksx nqfu;k ds dqN lcls xjhc vkSj vYi lsfor {ks=kkas ls vkrs gSa] vkSj mudh leL;k vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrh gS tc mUgsa f'k{kk ls oafpr dj fn;k tkrk gSA

la;qDr jk"Vª mPpk;qDr 'kj.kkFkhZ (;w,u,plhvkj) dk;kZy; dh lqj{kk ds rgr 19-9 fefy;u 'kj.kkFkhZ gSa] ftuesa ls yxHkx 52% dh vk;q 18 o"kZ ls de gSA la;qDr jk"Vª jkgr vkSj dk;Z ,tsalh (;w,uvkjMCY;w,) dh lqj{kk ds rgr iwohZ {ks=k esa 5-4 fefy;u fQfyLrhu 'kj.kkFkhZ gSaA yxHkx 39% 'kj.kkFkhZ vf/drj mi&lgkjk vQzhdk esa çcaf/r] Lo&LFkkfir ;k VªkaftV dSaiksa ;k lkewfgd dsaæksa esa jgrs gSaA 'ks"k esa ls vf/dka'k 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa O;fDrxr vkokl esa jgrs gSaA

blds vykok] la?k"kZ ds dkj.k 40 fefy;u yksx vkarfjd :i ls foLFkkfir(vkbZMhih) gks x, gSa] budh lcls cM+h la[;k lhfj;k vjc x.kjkT; esa gS] tcfd çkd`frd vkinkvksa }kjk vfrfjDr 19 fefy;u yksx foLFkkfir gq, gSa] vkSj budh lcls cM+h vkcknh phu dh estckuh esa gSA

foLFkkfirksa ds fy, xq.koRrk f'k{kk miyC/ u gksuk foLFkkfirksa dh f'k{kk fLFkfr fu/kZfjr djuk pqukSrh iw.kZ dk;Z gS] ysfdu ;w,u,plhvkj dk vuqeku gS fd 2017 ds 'kj.kkFkhZ ukekadu vuqikr ds vuqlkj çkFkfed fo|ky; esa 61% vkSj ekè;fed fo|ky; esa 23% 'kj.kkFkhZ gaSA de vkenuh okys ns'kksa esa] vuqikr çkFkfed Ldwy esa 50% ls de vkSj ekè;fed (fp=k 3) esa 11% FksA dqy feykdj] 2017 esa Ldwy NksM+us okys 5 ls 17 o"kZ dh vk;q ds yxHkx 4 fefy;u 'kj.kkFkhZ FksA

ns'kksa ds Hkhrj 'kj.kkFkhZ nkf[kyk vuqikr dkQh fHkUu gks ldrs gSaA 2016 esa] bfFk;ksfi;k esa ftyk }kjk yxk, x, vuqeku ds vuqlkj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ekè;fed ldy ukekadu vuqikr lekjk esa 1% ls ysdj ftftxk esa 47% rd FkkA ikfdLrku esa] 2011 dh vQxku 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa (29%) dh çkFkfed 'kq¼ ukekadu nj jk"Vªh; Lrj (71%) ls de Fkh] tcfd vQxku 'kj.kkFkhZ yM+fd;ksa (18%) dh nj yM+dksa (39%) dh rqyuk esa vk/h ls de Fkh] ysfdu vQxkfuLrku esa yM+fd;ksa dh çkFkfed mifLFkfr nj vk/s ls Hkh de FkhA 'kj.kkFkhZ izk;% estcku ns'kksa ds vYilsfor {ks=kksa esa vkrs gSaA nf{k.k lwMku ls ;qxkaMk esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa us if'pe ukby mi&{ks=k esa cl x,] tgka ekè;fed 'kq¼ mifLFkfr nj 2016 esa jk"Vªh; nj ls vk/h FkhA

fp=k 3% de vk; okys ns'kksa esa dsoy 11% 'kj.kkFkhZ fd'kksj ekè;fed Ldwyksa esa nkf[kyk ysrs gSaf'k{kk] 2017 ds Lrj rd nkf[kyk ysus okys 5 ls 17 o"kZ dh vk;q ds 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dk izfr'kr

de vk; okys ns'k

fo'o de vk; okys ns'k

fo'o

eq[; ekè;fed

ukekafd

r 'kj

.kkFkhZ

thbZ,e LVkWVZ fyad% http://bit.ly/fi g4_2lzksr% ;w,u,plhvkj ¼2018½

26


'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk ij vf/d tkudkjh miyC/ ugha gS] ysfdu tgka MsVk miyC/ gS] ogka rLohdj lkQ ugha gSA dsU;k esa nknkc 'kj.kkFkhZ f'kfoj esa] çkFkfed Ldwy ds 8% f'k{kd izekf.kr jk"Vªh; f'k{kd Fks] vkSj 10 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kdksa esa ls 6 vizf'kf{kr FksA

vkarfjd :i ls foLFkkfir yksxksa dh f'k{kk dh fuxjkuh djuk eqf'dy gSdbZ la?k"kZ&çHkkfor ns'kksa esa] vkarfjd foLFkkiu igys ls gh f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ls tw> jgk gSA mÙkj&iwohZ ukbthfj;k esa] uohure f'k{kk vko';drk ds ewY;kadu ls irk pyk gS fd 260 Ldwy lkbVksa esa ls 28% Ldwy xksfy;ksa] xksyksa ;k 'kiZusy ls {kfrxzLr gks x, Fks] 20% Ldwyksa dks vkx ds gokys dj fn;k x;k] 32% Ldwyksa esa ywVikV dh xbZ Fkh vkSj 29% Ldwy l'kL=k lewgksa ;k lsuk ds djhc fLFkr FksA

;w,u,plhvkj us tuojh 2018 rd ;wØsu esa 1-8 fefy;u yksxksa dks vkarfjd :i ls foLFkkfir fd, tkus dh lwpuk nh FkhA Muhçks] [kkfdZo] dho vkSj tkiksfj>f>;k esa] ftlesa lcls vf/d vkbZMhih gSa] f'k{kk laLFkkuksa dks d{kk dh txgksa vkSj lalk/uksa dh deh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA blls fuiVus ds fy,] ljdkj us vfrfjDr Ldwy LFkku cuk, gSa] vkbZMh {ks=kksa ds fy, la?k"kZ {ks=kksa ls jkT; fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks LFkkukarfjr fd;k gS] nkf[kyk çfØ;k dks ljy cuk;k gS] V;w'ku dks doj fd;k gS] Í.k vkSj ikB~;iqLrd lfgr çksRlkgu çnku fd, gSaA

çkd`frd vkink,a Hkh fo'ks"k :i ls ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar {ks=k esa f'k{kk dks ckf/r djrh gSaA fQyhihal esa lkykuk vkSlru 20 rwQ+ku vkrs gSa vkSj ;gka Tokykeq[kh foLQksV] Hkwdai vkSj HkwL[kyu dk lcls vf/d tksf[ke jgrk gSA ns'k us vkink tksf[ke esa deh ykus ds mik; fd, gSa] vkSj funsZ'kkRed lalk/uksa ls ySl rwQ+ku izfrjks/h Ldwyksa dh miyC/rk us f'k{kk esa vkSlru 0-3 lky dh o`f¼ dh gSA

foLFkkfirksa dks jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa 'kkfey djus dh vko';drkladV ls fuiVus ds fy,] vf/dka'k ljdkjksa dh ;g rqjar çfrfØ;k gksrh gS fd foLFkkfir vkcknh dks lekukarj ç.kkyh esa f'k{kk çnku dh tk,A gkykafd] bl ij vke lgefr gqbZ gS fd ;g dksbZ LFkk;h lek/ku ugha gSA foLFkkiu izk;% yacs le; rd pyrk gSA lekarj ç.kkfy;ksa esa vkerkSj ij ;ksX; f'k{kdksa dh deh gksrh gSA ijh{kk çekf.kr ugha gksrhA vYi lwpuk ij foRr&iks"k.k ds lzksrksa esa dVkSrh dh tk jgh gSA

2012&2016 ;w,u,plhvkj oSf'od f'k{kk dk;Zuhfr esa igyh ckj ns'kksa ls ;g vkxzg fd;k x;k gS fd 'kj.kkFkhZ cPpksa dks mudh f'k{kk esa fujarjrk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ekU;rk&çkIr vkSj çekf.kr f'k{kk ds volj miyC/ djk, tk,aA bldk mís'; jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks iwjh rjg ls 'kkfey djuk gS rkfd os estcku ns'k ds cPpksa ds lkFk mlh d{kk esa vè;;u dj ldsa] ;fn vko';d gks rks mUgsa mi;qDr vk;q ds vuqlkj xzsM Lrj ij Ldwy esa nkf[ky djus ds fy, rS;kj djsaA ysfdu 'kj.kkFkhZ

dks 'kkfey djus dh fMxzh foLFkkiu lanHkksaZ esa fHkUu gksrh gSA Hkwxksy] bfrgkl] lalk/u miyC/rk vkSj iz.kkyh {kerk 'kkfey djus dh çdfr dks çHkkfor djrh gSA

dqN ekeyksa esa] 'kkfey fd, tkus dh izfØ;k /heh jgh gSA rqdhZ] ftlesa 3-5 fefy;u 'kj.kkFkhZ gSa] igys ekU;rk&çkIr xSj&lkoZtfud Ldwyksa dks vLFkk;h f'k{kk dsaæ ds :i esa ekU;rk nsrk gS] rRi'pkr~ mUgsa Vªkaft'kuy Ldwyksa ds :i esa oxhZdr

fd;k tkrk gS] vkSj 2020 rd lHkh lhfj;kbZ cPpksa dks ifCyd Ldwyksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tk,xkA vU; ekeyksa esa] ljdkjh çfrc¼rk vfLFkj jgh gSA bZjku ds bLykeh x.kjkT; esa] vQxku 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djus dh uhfr dks fiNys pkj n'kdksa esa vusd ckj ck/kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA

dbZ ekeyksa esa] çfrc¼rk ds ckotwn 'kkfey djus dh izfØ;k dks iwjk ugha fd;k x;k gSA 'kj.kkFkhZ estcku ns'k ds ikB~;Øe] ewY;kadu vkSj f'k{kk dh Hkk"kk lk>k dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu dsU;k esa f'kfojksa ds :i esa HkkSxksfyd i`FkDdrk ds dkj.k mUgsa dsoy vkaf'kd :i ls] ;k yscuku vkSj tkWMZu esa {kerk dh ck/k ds :i esa Mcy&f'kÝV Ldwyksa esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA xzhl tSls vf/d lalk/uksa okys ns'kksa dks Hkh jk"Vªh; ç.kkyh ds ekè;e ls 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks f'k{kk iznku djus esa pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA

dbZ lanHkksaZ esa] 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kk vHkh Hkh vyx&vyx çnku dh tkrh gSA fQyhLrhuh f'k{kk ç.kkyh ,d vf}rh; ekeyk gSA ratkfu;k ds la;qDr x.kjkT; esa cq#afM;u 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj FkkbZySaM esa E;kaekj ds djsu 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa us vyx] xSj&vkSipkfjd leqnk;&vk/kfjr ;k futh Ldwyksa esa tkrs gSaA

'kj.kkFkhZ dh la[;k foLFkkiu lanHkksZa] HkkSxksfydrk] bfrgkl] lalk/u miyC/rk vkSj iz.kkyh {kerk ds izHkko ds vk/kj ij fHkUu&fHkUu gksrh gSA


27

lkj

'kkfey djus esa vkus okyh dbZ ck/kvksa dks nwj djus dh t:jr gSjk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djus ls lacaf/r dfBukb;ksa dks mu lanHkksaZ esa lcls vf/d rhozrk ls eglwl fd;k tkrk gS tgka {kerk detksj gksrh gS vkSj leUo; vkSj fu;kstu dh vko';drk vf/d gksrh gSA ;kstukvksa esa nLrkostksa

dh deh ls ysdj lhfer Hkk"kk çoh.krk] vkSj f'k{kk esa ck/k ls ysdj xjhch nwj djus tSls eqíksa dk lek/ku djus dh t:jr gSA

;wusLdks baVjus'kuy baLVhV~;wV QkWj ,tqds'kuy Iykfuax us Vªkaft'kuy f'k{kk ;kstukvksa ij ekxZn'kZu dh :ijs[kk cukbZ gS tks rRdky t:jrksa ij è;ku dsafær djrh gS rFkk blesa 'kj.kkFkhZ vkSj vkbZMhih 'kkfey gksrs gSaA pkM 2013 esa ,slh ;kstuk fodflr djus okyk igyk ns'k FkkA 2018 esa] ljdkj us 19 f'kfojksa esa 108 Ldwyksa vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ lkbVksa dks fu;fer ifCyd Ldwyksa esa ifjofrZr dj fn;kA

'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds ikl izk;% nLrkost ugha gksrs] tks jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa rd igqap dks eqf'dy cukrh gSA tkWMZu esa] 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks Ldwy tkus ds fy, ^lsok dkMZ* dh vko';drk gksrh Fkh] vkSj bls çkIr djus ds fy, tUe çek.k&i=k dh vko';drk gksrh FkhA gkykafd] 2016 ds var esa] tkWMZu us ifCyd Ldwyksa dks fcuk lsok dkMZ okys cPpksa dks nkf[kyk nsus dh vuqefr nsuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA

LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ds Kku dh deh ,d vkSj ck/k gSA #okaMk esa cq#afM;u 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa us ,d Nekgh xgu ifjp; ikB~;Øe esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj tc os vaxzsth ds lgh Lrj rd igqap x, rc mUgksaus ifCyd Ldwyksa esa nkf[kyk ys fy;kA teZuh esa izLrkfor rS;kjh d{kk,a enn dj ldrh gSa] ysfdu mudh yach vof/ 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks f'k{kk ç.kkyh ls ckgj dj ldrh gSA 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh Hkk"kk dks u dsoy cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa cfYd xSj&ekSf[kd vH;kl dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gSA os dsoy rHkh lh[k ldrs gSa ;fn os estcku leqnk;ksa ds lkFk ckrphr djrs gSaA

fofHkUu çdkj ds dk;ZØe&tSls laidZ cukus] lq/kj djus] okafNr Lrj izkIr djus vkSj Rofjr f'k{kk ls&foLFkkfir cPpksa dks f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa nkf[kyk ysus ;k fQj ls nkf[kyk ysus esa enn djus ds fy, vko';d gSaA nknkc esa ukosZft;u 'kj.kkFkhZ ifj"kn ds Rofjr f'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa dsU;k ds vkB lky ds ikB~;Øe dks pkj lky rd lhfer fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa cgq nkf[kyk vkSj fudklh izfØ;k 'kkfey gSA blus yM+dksa dh f'k{kk rd igqap esa o`f¼ dh gS] gkykafd yM+fd;ksa ds ekeys es ,slk de gqvk gSA vkn'kZ :i esa] ,sls dk;ZØe ljdkjksa }kjk çnku fd, tkus pkfg, vkSj mUgsa f'k{kk {ks=k dh ;kstukvksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

;gka rd fd tgka f'k{kk fu%'kqYd gS] ogka ikB~;iqLrdksa vkSj ifjogu tSlh ykxrsa vf/d gks ldrh gSaA yscuku esa ,d izk;ksfxd ifj;kstuk }kjk ifjogu ds [kpZ dks mBkus ds fy, udn jkf'k iznku dh vkSj vk; dh {kfriwfrZ dh] blls cPpksa us dke djus dh ctk; Ldwy esa Hkkx fy;kA blls çfr lIrkg 0-5 ls 0-7 fnuksa esa mifLFkfr esa yxHkx 20% dh o`f¼ gqbZA rqdhZ dh ljdkj us 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks l'krZ udn jkf'k nh gS vkSj 2018 rd bldk ykHk 368]000 lhfj;kbZ cPpksa dks feyk FkkA

f'k{kd lQy :i ls 'kkfey djus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSafoLFkkiu LFkyksa esa f'k{kd] fo'ks"k :i ls ;ksX; f'k{kdksa dh deh gksrh gSA rqdhZ esa lHkh lhfj;kbZ Nk=kksa ds nkf[kys ds fy, yxHkx 80]000 vkSj f'k{kdksa dh vko';drk gksxhA teZuh esa] vfrfjDr 18]000 i<+kus okyksa vkSj 24]000 f'k{kdksa dh vko';drk gSA ;qxkaMk dks 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kk ds fy, 7]000 vfrfjDr çkFkfed fo|ky; f'k{kdksa dh vko';drk gSA

fu"i{k vkSj ;ksX; f'k{kd miyC/rk esa i;kZIr f'k{kd vkiwfrZ] HkrhZ] çfr/kj.k vkSj çsj.kk 'kkfey gksrh gSA fQj Hkh vf/d ctV vkSj vYidkfyd foÙk&iks"k.k pØksa ls ljdkjksa vkSj ekuorkoknh Hkkxhnkjksa dks osru dk [kpZ mBkus esa leL;k gks ldrh gSA izk;% 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dk Lo;alsod f'k{kdksa ds :i esa mi;ksx djuk] vkSj mUgsa Hkqxrku djuk vke gS ysfdu f'k{kd osru esa vlekurk ruko iSnk dj ldrh gSA

foLFkkiu lanHkksaZ esa f'k{kdksa dks HkhM+HkkM+ okyh d{kkvksa] vyx&vyx vk;q oxZ ds yksxksa ;k cgqHkk"kh d{kkvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, çf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ysfdu mUgsa izk;% dsoy ekewyh lgk;rk gh feyrh gSA yscuku esa] 55%

visf{kr nLrkostksa ds vHkko] Hkk"kk leL;k] NwV xbZ i<+kbZ vkSj fNih ykxr iwjh rjg ls 'kkfey gkssus esa ck/k cu ldrh gS

f'k{kd dks foLFkkiu ds lanHkZ esa HkhM+] fefJr vk;q ;k cgqHkk"kh d{kkvksa esa izf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ysfdu mUgsa izk;% ekewyh lgk;rk gh feyrh gS

28


f'k{kdksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa us fiNys nks o"kksaZ esa is'ksoj fodkl esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk] gkykafd 'kj.kkFkhZ cPpksa dh mifLFkfr us muds nSfud f'k{k.k dks çHkkfor fd;k FkkA dkdqek f'kfoj] dsU;k esa f'k{kdksa dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd, tkus okys n`f"Vdks.k esa vkSipkfjd f'k{k.k fMIyksek vkSj vukSipkfjd :i ls jk"Vªh; fo'ofo|ky; }kjk çnku fd, tkus okys çek.k&i=k dk;ZØe] rFkk vkikr fLFkfr esa f'k{kk ds fy, varj&,tsaslh usVodZ }kjk leL;kxzLr çkFkfed Ldwy f'k{kdksa ds fy, fodflr xSj&izekf.kr ikB~;Øe 'kkfey gSA

dk;Z dk vf/dkj laca/h is'ksoj fu;eksa ds dkj.k 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kdksa dks izk;% jk"Vªh; çf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa ls ckgj j[kk tkrk gSA dqN ns'k dke ij ykSVus dh 'krZ ij 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kdksa dk leFkZu djrs gSaA pkM us lwMkuh f'k{kdksa dks vius Ldwyksa esa dke djus ds fy, çf'kf{kr vkSj çekf.kr fd;k gSA teZuh esa] ikWV~lMSe ds 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kd dk;ZØe dk mís'; lhfj;kbZ vkSj vU; 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kdksa dks d{kk esa ykSVus esa l{ke cukuk gSA

mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa Nk=kksa esa vk?kkr ds ckn ruko fodkj dh O;kIrrk nj 10% ls 25% rd gS rFkk fuEu ,oa eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa ;g 75% rd igqap xbZ gSA tgka cPpksa ds fy, ekufld LokLF; lsokvksa dh deh gS] ogka Ldwy gh ,dek=k txg gks ldrh gS] tgka ,slh lgk;rk miyC/ gksrh gSA gkykafd] Ldwy&vk/kfjr dk;Zdykiksa ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls çf'kf{kr fpfdRldksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj ;g f'k{kdksa ds dkS'ky ls ijs gksrh gSA f'k{kd f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj LFkkfir euksoSKkfud xfrfof/;ksa ds }kjk ckrphr ds ekè;e ls ,d lqjf{kr vkSj lgk;d ekgkSy cukdj euksoSKkfud leFkZu çnku dj ldrs gSaA mUgsa d{kk çca/u vkSj jsQjy iz.kkyh ij is'ksoj fodkl dh vko';drk gSA

'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks ckY;koLFkk f'k{kk dh vko';drk gksrh gSçkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk f'k{kk vkSj ns[kHkky (bZlhbZlh) lfgr mfpr dk;Zdyki] fgald lanHkksaZ esa NksVs cPpksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa] ftuesa vU;Fkk fLFkjrk] iks"k.k vkSj le`¼ okrkoj.k dk vHkko jgrk gSA gkykafd] dbZ foLFkkiu txgksa esa] 'kq#vkrh lh[kus dh vko';drk iwjh ugha gks ikrhA

Åijh eè;e vkSj mPp vk; okys vkB ns'kksa dk vè;;u djus ls irk pyk gS fd lcls de mez ds 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj 'kj.k ysus okyksa dh t:jrksa ds çfr çfrfØ;k ^vlk/kj.k :i ls detksj* jgh gS] tks jk"Vªh; uhfr cukus esa çkFkfedrk dh deh vkSj ;kstuk vkSj forj.k ds fy, vyx ftEesnkjh dks n'kkZrh gSA 26 ekuorkoknh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ çfrfØ;k ;kstukvksa dh ,d leh{kk ls irk pyk gS fd 5 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds yxHkx vk/s cPpksa ds fy, lh[kus ;k f'k{kk izkIr djus] vkSj ,d&frgkbZ ls Hkh de çkFkfed f'k{kk ;k bZlhbZlh dk bu ;kstukvksa esa dksbZ mYys[k ugha FkkA

xSj&ljdkjh laxBu vke rkSj ij deh dks iwjk djrs gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; cpko lfefr us cq#aMh vkSj la;qDr x.kjkT; ratkfu;k ds f'kfojksa esa dkaxksyh cPpksa ds fy, ghfyax Dykl:e çh&Ldwy f'k{kd f'k{kk dk;ZØe pyk;kA dk;ZØe 2014 esa yscuku ds fy, cuk;k x;k Fkk] tgka ;g vc 3]200 çh&Ldwyh cPpksa dh ns[kjs[k djrk gS vkSj 128 f'k{kdksa dks çf'kf{kr fd;k gSA pkj eghus ds izk;ksfxd ;kstuk ds ckn] 3 lky ds cPpksa us eksVj dkS'ky] lkekftd&HkkoukRed dkS'ky] dk;Zdkjh dk;Z vkSj çkjafHkd lk{kjrk vkSj fxurh esa lq/kj fn[kk;kA

s S Z s s s s s Z s s s s Z s s

'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds cM+s iSekus ij vkus ds dkj.k f'k{kd dh deh dks iwjk djuk%

teZuh dks

42]000 i<+kus okyksa vkSj

f'k{kdksa dh t:jr gS

rqdhZ dks

80]000 f'k{kdksa dh t:jr gS

;qxkaMk dks

7]000 izkFkfed Ldwy

f'k{kdksa dh t:jr gS


29

lkj

dqN ns'kksa us dbZ LFkkuh; vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ds lkFk lk>snkjh dh gSA bfFk;ksfi;k dh ljdkj f'kfojksa esa 80 çkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk ns[kHkky vkSj f'k{kk dsaæksa esa 3 ls 6 o"kZ ds ikap eas ls rhu 'kj.kkFkhZ cPpksa vkSj vnhl vckck esa 150 futh vkSj lkoZtfud fdaMjxkVZu dk leFkZu djrh gSA teZu ljdkj us 'kj.kkFkhZ vkSj vkJ;&lk/d f'k{kk ds fy, ,d O;kid ;kstuk viukbZ gS] ftlesa miuxjksa ds lkFk lk>snkjh dh tk jgh gS vkSj 2017&2020 esa vius bZlhbZlh dk;ZØeksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dk foLrkj djus ds fy, yxHkx 400 fefy;u ;wjks fuos'k djus dh ;kstuk cuk jgh gSA

fodykax 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, fo'ks"k tksf[ke gksrk gSvarjjk"Vªh; dkuwuh lk/u fodykax cPpksa ds fy, f'k{kk vf/dkj lqfuf'pr djrs gSa] ysfdu mi;qDr çko/ku 'kk;n gh dHkh miyC/ gksrs gSaA v{kerk dk ns[kdj] fpfdRlk ewY;kadu ;k Lo;alsoh lwpuk }kjk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk Fkk] ftlls foLFkkfir vkcknh ds chp çd`fr vkSj v{kerk dh nj dks cgqr de vkadk x;kA gky dh i¼fr esa O;ofLFkr] dk;Z{kerk&vk/kfjr ç'uksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tSls okf'kaxVu lewg }kjk fodflr i¼frA

gkfu vkSj miyC/ lqfo/kvksa ds vuqlkj fodykaxrk dk vuqHko O;kid :i ls fHkUu gks ldrk gSA ikfdLrku esa vQxkuksa ds chp ,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd ftu cPpksa dks ns[kus laca/h leL;k Fkh] muds Ldwy esa Hkkx ysus dh laHkkouk vf/d Fkh (52%); ftUgsa Lo;a dh ns[kHkky laca/h leL;k,a Fkha] muds Hkkx ysus dh laHkkouk cgqr de (7-5%) FkhA

de 'kkjhfjd igqap&nwjh vkSj lqfo/kvksa nksuksa ds lanHkZ esa vkSj f'k{kd çf'k{k.k dh deh] fnO;kax yksxksa ds fy, çeq[k ck/k,a gSa] tSlk baMksusf'k;k vkSj eysf'k;k esa ik;k x;k gSA foLFkkiu LFkkuksa esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ fo'ks"k Ldwy gks] vkSj os vke rkSj ij 'kqYd ysrs gSaA fnO;kaxrk lkekftd dyad ;k vkizkoklu ;k ljdkjh izkf/dkfj;ksa }kjk vLohd`fr ds Mj ls NqikbZ tk ldrh gS ;k fjiksVZ ugh dh tkrh gSA gkykafd] bl rjg dh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA tkWMZu esa u, 'kj.kkFkhZ f'kfojksa esa ,sls cqfu;knh <kapksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk jgk gSA

estcku ns'k vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ leqnk;ksa ds lkFk feydj ekStwnk la[;k dh igpku djuk vko';d gSA leUo;d laxBu dh ,d ifj;kstuk ds varxZr jk"Vªh; ;wxkaMk fnO;kax la?k dk mís'; fodkl xfrfof/;ksa esa fodykaxksa ds lkFk 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djuk gSA ;qxkaMk jk"Vªh; cf/j ,lksfl,'ku nks 'kj.kkFkhZ cfLr;ksa ds ikl cf/j cPpksa ds fy, Ldwy pykrk gSA

çkS|ksfxdh foLFkkfir yksxksa dh f'k{kk esa lgk;rk dj ldrh gStcju foLFkkiu izk;% f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks fNUu&fHkUu dj nsrk gSA rduhdh lek/ku] mudh {kerk] xfr] xfr'khyrk vkSj lgt vkokxeu {kerk] ekud f'k{kk lalk/uksa dh deh dh HkjikbZ esa enn ds fy, dkjxj gks ldrs gSaA rRdky usVodZ Ldwy dk;ZØe uked ;w,u,plhvkj vkSj oksMkQksu dh ,d la;qDr igy ds }kjk dkaxks] dsU;k] nf{k.k lwMku ds yksdrkaf=kd x.kjkT; vkSj ratkfu;k ds la;qDr x.kjkT; esa 20 çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed Ldwyksa esa 40]000 ls vf/d Nk=kksa vkSj 600 f'k{kdksa dks baVjusV] fctyh vkSj fMftVy lkexzh miyC/ djkbZ xbZ gSA

,sls dk;Zdykiksa dh ,d pqukSrh ;g gS fd çnku fd, x, lalk/u izk;% jk"Vªh; ikB~;Øe ds vuq:i ugha gksrs gSaA yscuku esa rkc'kkSjk (pkd) tSls dqN viokn gSa] tks 2015 ds ikB~;Øe ds lkFk&lkFk ulZjh Ldwyksa ds fy, vkWuykbu lalk/u çnku djrs gSaA vjch] vaxzsth vkSj Qzkallh Hkk"kk esa miyC/] ;g ,d f'k{kk çca/u ç.kkyh gS tks ewMy vk/kfjr gSA

çkS|ksfxdh euksoSKkfud lkekftd leFkZu Hkh çnku dj ldrh gSA ,uthvks ykbczsjht fonkmV ckMZlZ vkSj ;w,u,plhvkj }kjk fodflr iSdst] vkbfM;k ckWDl] esa f'k{kk lkexzh lfgr lwpukRed vkSj lkaLd`frd lalk/u 'kkfey gSaA dkaxksyh 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh estckuh esa nks cq#aMh f'kfojksa esa xq.kkRed ewY;kadu dk iqu#RFkku ij ldkjkRed çHkko iM+k gSA

vf/dka'k dk;ZØe f'k{kd dh is'ksoj {kerk ds fodkl dk leFkZu djrs gSaA ukbthfj;k esa uksfd;k ds lg;ksx ls ;wusLdks f'k{kd f'k{kk ifj;kstuk us çkFkfed f'k{kdksa dh ;kstuk,a cukus] izksRlkfgr djus okys ç'u iwNus] Rofjr çfrfcafcr çfrfØ;k,a izkIr djus rFkk vaxzsth Hkk"kk vkSj lk{kjrk d{kkvksa esa Nk=kksa dk vkdyu djus esa enn dhA

çkS|ksfxdh igy dh viuh pqukSfr;ka gSaA blds fy, vke rkSj ij dkQh vf/d fuos'k djuk iM+rk gS] vkSj lHkh ds ikl i;kZIr fctyh vkSj dusfDVfoVh ugha gksrh gSA lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd rduhd vkSipkfjd Ldwyh f'k{kk esa

foLFkkiu LFkyksa esa cgqr de fof'k"V Ldwy gSa vkSj os vPNk&[kklk 'kqYd ysrs gSa

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Hkkxhnkjh dk LFkku ugha ys ldrhA varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd igy dk csgrj <ax ls leUo; fd;k tk, vkSj ;g jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djus ds vafre mís'; dks iwjk djsaA

fofHkUu mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk igy 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djrh gSa mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk ds volj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh jkstxkj laHkkoukvksa dks c<+krs gSa rFkk çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed Ldwyksa esa nkf[kyk ysus vkSj mlesa cus jgus esa ;ksxnku nsrs gSaA fQj Hkh 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh mPPk Lrjh; Hkkxhnkjh dk vuqeku dsoy 1%

gSA vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa izk;% ;g lqfo/k miyC/ ugha gksrh vkSj bl ij laxfBr :i ls rHkh è;ku fn;k tkrk gS tc foLFkkiu ds yEck jgus dh laHkkouk gksA 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds mPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk vf/dkjksa dh izk;% fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds iznku djus ds :i esa O;k[;k dh tkrh gSA

çkS|ksfxdh vk/kfjr igy foLFkkfir vkcknh rd igqap ldrh gSA ;w,u,plhvkj vkSj tsusok fo'ofo|ky; }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ dusDVsM yfuaZx bu Økbfll dalksfVZ;e esa vkeus&lkeus vkSj vkWuykbu f'k{kk dks tksM+k tkrk gS vkSj 2010 ls ;g 6]500 Nk=kksa rd igqapkbZ xbZ gSA

'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; Nk=ko`fÙk dk;ZØeksa esa vYcVZ vkbaLVhu teZu vdknfed 'kj.kkFkhZ igy fuf/ (Mh,,QvkbZ) 'kkfey gS] ftlus 1992 ls ;w,u,plhvkj ds ekè;e ls

'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks lgk;rk çnku dh gSA HkkSxksfyd dojst 'kj.kkFkhZ vkanksyuksa vkSj f'k{kk vko';drkvksa ds vk/kj ij lek;ksftr dh xbZ gSA orZeku esa] bfFk;ksfi;k] bZjku ds bLykeh x.kjkT;] yscuksu vkSj rqdhZ esa blds lcls cM+s dk;ZØe gSaA

vU; Nk=ko`fÙk dk;ZØe mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa vè;;u dk volj çnku djrs gSaA dukMk dh oYMZ ;wfuoflZVh lfoZl dk Nk=k 'kj.kkFkhZ dk;ZØe fo'ofo|ky;&vk/kfjr mu lfefr;ksa dks lgk;rk nsrk gS tks vius laLFkku esa iquokZl vkSj vè;;u ds fy, ,d 'kj.kkFkhZ çk;ksftr djus dh bPNk j[krs gSaA 1978 ds ckn ls] blds }kjk 39 ns'kksa ls 1]800 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks iwjs dukMk esa 80 ls vf/d dkWystksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa yk;k x;k gSA

vdknfedksa dks Hkh lgk;rk dh vko';drk gks ldrh gSA LdkylZ ,V fjLd }kjk f'k{kk dh vko';drk okys f'k{kkfonksa ds fy, vLFkk;h vuqla/ku vkSj f'k{k.k inksa dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa dkmafly QkWj ,V&fjLd vdknfed (lhvkj,) fo'ks"kdj ?kj ij jgus okys f'k{kkfonksa ds fy, rRdky lgk;rk çnku djrk gSA

lgk;rk ds ykHk O;kid leqnk; rd igqapus pkfg,A Mh,,QvkbZ Nk=kofÙk ewy leqnk;ksa dks Nk=kofÙk çkIrdrkZ ls ijs] bPNqd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds :i esa ekU;rk nsrh gS] vkSj cgqr ugha rks vf/dka'k Mh,,QvkbZ fo}ku vius ewy ns'k ykSV tkrs gSaA 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kkfonksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, usVodZ muds {kerk fuekZ.k dks Hkh c<+k ldrk gSA lh,vkj, us bjkd] lhfj;kbZ vjc x.kjkT; vkSj ftEckCos esa vuqla/ku vkSj f'k{k.k {kerk ds iqufuZekZ.k ds fy, dk;ZØe 'kq: fd, gSaA

vkbZMhih dks 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh rjg f'k{kk pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSgkykafd vkarfjd foLFkkiu ij la;qDRk jk"Vª ekxZn'khZ fl¼karksa esa ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd gj fdlh dks f'k{kk dk vf/dkj gS] ysfdu {kerk vkSj jktuhfr leL;k dh igpku vkSj lek/ku ds fy, leUo; djus] nksuksa esa ck/k mRiUu djrh gSA vkarfjd :i ls foLFkkfir yksxksa dh f'k{kk dh fLFkfr ij dkuwuh] 'kSf{kd vkSj ç'kklfud çfrfØ;k izk;% 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, mfYyf[kr ekxZn'khZ fl¼karksa ds vuqlkj gksrh gSA

dksyafc;k ljdkj] tgka 2017 esa 6-57 vkbZMhih jgrs gSa] us dkuwuh lqj{kk <kaps ij è;ku dsafær fd;k gSA 2002 esa] laoS/kfud U;k;ky; us uxjikfydk f'k{kk vf/dkfj;ksa dks f'k{kk ds mi;ksx ds ekeys esa foLFkkfir cPpksa dk fo'ks"k :i ls bykt djus dk funsZ'k fn;kA 2004 esa] vnkyr us ;g dgk fd f'k{kk ds vf/dkj lfgr vkbZMhih ds ekSfyd vf/dkjksa dk mYya?ku fd;k tk jgk gSA

mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk izkIr djus okys 'kj.kkFkhZ dsoy 1% gSa


31

lkj

vkarfjd :i ls foLFkkfir f'k{kd izk;% vius x`g ftys dh ç'kklfud fuxjkuh esa jgrs gSa] ftlls osru izkIr djuk yxHkx vlaHko gksrk gS

foLFkkiu dk vFkZ gS fd dbZ cPpksa vkSj fd'kksjksa dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa ck/k vk,xh vkSj mUgsa f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa fQj ls nkf[kyk ysus ds fy, lgk;rk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vQxkfuLrku esa] fpYMªu bu Økbfll uked ,d ,uthvks] dkcqy esa vkSj mlds vklikl vukSipkfjd cfLr;ksa esa jgus okys Ldwy NksM+ pqds vkbZMhih Nk=kksa dks xzsM 6 rd dh f'k{kk iznku djus esa enn djus ds fy, ,d leqnk; vk/kfjr Rofjr dk;ZØe pykdj mUgsa vkSipkfjd f'k{kk iznku djrk gSA

vkarfjd :i ls foLFkkfir f'k{kd izk;% vius xg ftys dh ç'kklfud fuxjkuh esa jgrs gSa] ftlls lhfj;kbZ vjc x.kjkT; esa osru izkIr djuk yxHkx vlaHko gksrk gSA bjkd esa] 44 lk>snkj 15 iz'kklfud <kapksa dks lsok,a çnku djrs gSa vkSj yxHkx 5]200 f'k{kdksa dks vuqnku ;k çksRlkgu lgk;rk nsrs gSa] gkykafd [kjkc leUo; ls lsok esa ck/k vkSj f'k{kd Jsf.k;ksa ds chp vlekurk vkSj Hkkxhnkjksa ds chp ruko mRiUu gqvk gSA

çkd`frd vkinkvksa vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ls fuiVus ds fy, f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks rS;kj vkSj mÙkjnk;h gksuk vko';d gSf'k{kk {ks=k dh ;kstukvksa dks thou gkfu] cqfu;knh <kaps ds uqdlku vkSj çkd`frd vkinkvksa ls foLFkkiu ds tksf[ke dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd vkikrdkyhu O;oLFkk }kjk cgkyh djrs le; f'k{kk lsok,a de ls de ckf/r gksaA 2017 esa] vkink U;wuhdj.k varjkZ"Vªh; dk;Zuhfr rFkk vkink tksf[ke esa deh vkSj f'k{kk {ks=k esa yphysiu ds fy, oSf'od xBca/u ds fy, la;qDr jk"Vª dk;kZy; us vius uohure O;kid Ldwy lqj{kk <kaps dks ykap fd;kA blds rhu LraHk lqjf{kr f'k{kk lqfo/k,a] Ldwy vkink çca/u] vkSj tksf[ke U;wurk ,oa f'k{kk iqu#Fkku gSaA

ç'kkar }hi ls lVs dbZ jk"Vª f'k{kk ;kstukvksa esa tyok;q ifjorZu tksf[ke dks Hkh è;ku esa j[krs gSaA 2011 esa] vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr;ksa esa vkink rS;kjh vkSj f'k{kk ds fy, lksykseu }hi uhfr fooj.k vkSj fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dk mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk fd Nk=kksa dks vkikrdky ds igys] mlds nkSjku vkSj ckn esa lqjf{kr f'k{kk ekgkSy feyuk tkjh jgs] vkSj lHkh Ldwyksa us vLFkk;h f'k{kk vkSj f'k{k.k LFkku dh igpku dh FkhA

dqN n'kdksa esa] tyok;q foLFkkiu ds eq[; dkj.kksa esa ls ,d gks ldrk gSA fo'o cSad dk vuqeku gS fd 2050 rd tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k 140 fefy;u yksx foLFkkfir gks tk,axsA blds tksf[ke dks de djus ds fy,] dqN ns'k igys ls gh uhfrxr çfrfØ;kvksa ij fopkj dj jgs gSaA fdfjckrh ljdkj dh ^xfjek ds lkFk çokl* uhfr] nh?kZdkfyd jk"VªO;kih LFkkukarj.k j.kuhfr dk fgLlk gS] dk mís'; yksxksa dh {kerk c<+kus vkSj mUgsa uflaZx tSls O;olk;ksa esa fons'kksa esa lH; dk;Z volj miyC/ djkuk gSA

32


fofo/rkfofo/rk dks egRo nsus okyh f'k{kk lHkh ns'kksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS] tks mUgsa lekos'kh lekt cukus esa l{ke cukrh gS] ftlesa erHksnksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mudk lEeku fd;k tkrk gS rFkk lHkh dks csgrj f'k{kk çnku dh tkrh gSA

çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij dHkh&dHkkj muds O;fDrxr xq.kksa dh ctk; lewg ds :i esa igpku djds fu.kZ; fy, tkrs gSaA fo'ks"k :i ls tc os estcku vkcknh ls dkQh vyx fn[krs gksa] rks mUgsa ^vU;* ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS] rFkk :f<+okn vkSj iwokZxzg ds dkj.k HksnHkko fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlesa vPNh xq.koÙkk okyh f'k{kk iznku u djuk Hkh 'kkfey gksrk gSA

muds f[kykQ uhfr;ksa ds ckotwn] dbZ f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa iwokZxzg vkSj HksnHkko ekStwn gksrk gSA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa vkçoklh ifjokjksa ds Nk=kksa ds f[kykQ <kapkxr HksnHkko cjrk tkrk gS ftlesa ;qok cPpksa ds fy, f}Hkk"kh dk;ZØe u gksuk rFkk lk{kjrk ijh{kk ?kjsyw Hkk"kkvksa esa u ysuk 'kkfey gksrk gSA

lkoZtfud n`f"Vdks.k Hkh vkçokfl;ksa dh fopkj/kjk vkSj dY;k.k dks vkdkj nsrs gSaA HksnHkko volkn] fpark vkSj vkRe&lEeku ls tqM+k gksrk gSA 2014 fo'o ewY; losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj] vkçokfl;ksa ds estcku ns'k esa [kqn dks mudk ewy fuoklh le>us dh laHkkouk de gksrh gSA

f'k{kk vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds çfr n`f"Vdks.k dks çHkkfor djrh gSf'k{kk Lrj vkçokfl;ksa ds çfr n`f"Vdks.k ls tqM+k gksrk gSA vf/d f'kf{kr yksx tkfr dh ijokg ugha djrs] os lkaLd`frd fofo/rk dks egRo nsrs gSa vkSj iyk;u ds vkfFkZd çHkko dks vf/d ldkjkRed :i esa ns[krs gSaA 'kks/ ls irk pyk gS fd mPp Lrjh; f'k{kk izkIr djus okys yksx ekè;fed f'k{kk izkIr yksxksa dh rqyuk esa nks çfr'kr vf/d lgu'khy Fks] tks çkFkfed f'k{kk izkIr yksxksa dh rqyuk esa nks çfr'kr vf/d lgu'khy FksA ;qok yksx] fo'ks"k :i ls vR;f/d f'kf{kr yksx Hkh vkçoklu ds çfr vf/d ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k j[krs gSaA

ehfM;k }kjk vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dk udkjkRed fp=k.k Hkh iwokZx-zg dks lqn`<+ dj ldrk gSA iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ds eqíksa dh ehfM;k dojst] mnkgj.k ds fy, dukMk] psd x.kjkT;] ukWosZ vkSj ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa yxkrkj udkjkRed vkSj dsafnzr jgh gS] tgka ehfM;k }kjk vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks izk;% laLd`fr] lqj{kk vkSj fgrksa ds [krjs ds :i esa fpf=kr fd;k tkrk gSA iyk;u ls lacaf/r ehfM;k dgkfu;ka izk;% :f<+oknh gksrh gSa] ftuesa vkçoklh ;k 'kj.kkFkhZ dh vkokt dks nck fn;k tkrk gS vkSj muds ckjs esa xyr 'kCnkoyh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA f'k{kk lgh rLohj mtkxj djds ehfM;k }kjk fpf=kr udkjkRed lksp dks nwj djus rFkk jktuhfrd le> vkSj ldkjkRed lksp iSnk djus esa dkjxj Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gSA

f'k{kk lgh rLohj mtkxj djds ehfM;k }kjk fpf=kr udkjkRed lksp dks nwj djus rFkk jktuhfrd le> vkSj ldkjkRed lksp iSnk djus esa dkjxj Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gS


33

lkj

f'k{kk uhfr;ksa vkSj ç.kkfy;ksa dk vk/kj lekos'k djuk gksuk pkfg,ns'k f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa fofo/rk ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.k viukrs gSa% tSls foy;] cgqlaLd`frokn@,dhdj.k vkSj varj&lkaLd`frdrk@lekos'kuA foy; çoklh igpku ds fy, gkfudkjd gks ldrk gSA blds foijhr varj&lkaLd`frdrk Nk=kksa dks u dsoy nwljh laLd`fr;ksa ds ckjs esa lh[kus esa enn djrh gS cfYd vlekurk dks dk;e j[kus okys estcku ns'kksa esa <kapkxr leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrh gSA

dqN ns'kksa esa cgqlkaLd`frd ;k vkarfjd&lkaLd`frd f'k{kk ij fof'k"V uhfr;ka gSaA vk;jySaM] tgka 2015 esa 15 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds vçoklh cPps vkcknh dk 15% Fks] us vkarfjd&lkaLd`frd f'k{kk dk;Zuhfr 2010&2015 fodflr dh] ftldk mís'; çnkrk dh {kerk fodflr djuk] Hkk"kk n{krk izkIr djus esa lgk;rk djuk] ukxfjd lekt ds lkFk lk>snkjh dks çksRlkfgr djuk vkSj fuxjkuh esa lq/kj djuk FkkA blds vykok] dkuwu us ck/kvksa dks gVk fn;k] 'kqYd ij çfrca/ yxk fn;k vkSj Ldwyksa dks nkf[kyk uhfr;ksa dks çdkf'kr djus ds fy, dgkA ;wjksih; laln }kjk djk, x, vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd vk;jySaM vkSj LohMu esa vkçoklh f'k{kk ds fy, ;wjksi dh lcls lqn`<+ fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu O;oLFkk FkhA

jktuhfrd çHkko vkarfjd&lkaLd`frd f'k{kk uhfr;ksa dks detksj dj ldrs gSaA uhnjySaM~l esa] vkçokfl;ksa ds çfr fcxM+rs gkykr us ,dhdj.k uhfr dks c<+kok fn;k gS tks Mp lekt ds çfr fu"Bk ij dsafær gS] ftlesa lkaLd`frd f'k{kk dks ukxfjdrk f'k{kk ds lkFk cny tk jgk gSA

vkçoklh Nk=kksa dh Hkkoukvksa ds fodkl esa ,d vkSj vk;ke izoklh Ldwy gaS tks ewy ns'k ds lkFk laidZ cuk, j[krs gSaA ljdkj }kjk çcaf/r ;k lefUor Ldwy gks ldrs gSa] tSlk fd iksySaM ds ekeys esa gS_ vkçoklh leqnk;ksa }kjk LFkkfir futh Ldwy] tSlk fd lÅnh vjc esa fQfyfiuks ;k tkiku esa czkthfy;kbZ yksxksa ds ekeys esa gS_ vkSj vukSipkfjd Ldwy] tks ?kjsyw ns'k dh Hkk"kkbZ vkSj lkaLd`frd fojklr dk Kku nsrs gSaA

ikB~;p;kZ vkSj ikB~;iqLrd vf/d lekos'kh cu jgs gSaikB~;p;kZ vkSj ikB~;iqLrd iwokZxzg dks de dj ldrh gSa vkSj çokfl;ksa esa viusiu dh Hkkouk fodflr dj ldrh gSaA 2016 ds varjkZ"Vªh; ukxfjd vkSj ukxfjdrk f'k{kk losZ{k.k esa Hkkx ysus okys 22 ns'kksa esa ls 12 ns'kksa esa tkrh; lewgksa ds vf/dkjksa ds leFkZu ds fy, vU; ns'kksa ds bfrgkl ds ckjs esa lh[kuk ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k ls tqM+k FkkA

c<+rh lkekftd fofo/rk dks n'kkZus ds fy, vkSj vf/d ns'k vius ikB~;Øe esa la'kks/u dj jgs gSaA cgqlaLd`frokn ij uhfr lwpdkad ds fy, 21 mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k] ftlesa dsoy vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj dukMk esa 1980 esa ikB~;Øe esa cgqlkaLd`frdrk ikbZ xbZ FkhA 2010 rd] nks&frgkbZ ns'kksa esa dqN gn rd cgqlaLd`frokn ,tsaMk 'kkfey Fkk vkSj pkj vfrfjDr ns'kksa uker% fQuySaM] vk;jySaM] U;wthySaM vkSj LohMu esa ;g iwjh rjg ls ,dh-d`r Fkk (fp=k 4)A

2015 esa] 38 esa ls eq[;r% 27 mPp vk; okys ns'kksa us varj&lkaLd`frd f'k{kk ,d vdsys fo"k; ds :i esa çnku dh] bls ikB~;Øe esa ,dhd`r fd;k] ;k nksuksa iznku fd,A cgqlkaLd`frd vkSj varj&lkaLd`frd

fp=k 4% vusd ns'kksa ds ikB~;Øe esa cgqlkaLd`frdrk 'kkfey gS 21 mPp vk; okys ns'kksa ds ikB~;Øe esa cgqlkaLd`frdrk 'kkfey Fkh] 1980&2010

'kkfey

vkaf'kd :i ls 'kkfey

'kkfey ugha

80

100

60

40

20

0

%

1980 1990 2000 2010

thbZ,e LVkVZ fyad%http://bit.ly/fi g5_2fVIi.kh% cgqlkaLd`frdrk dh ifjHkk"kk eq[; fjiksVZ dh rkfydk 5-1 esa varj&lkaLd`frdrk dh ifjHkk"kk ls dkQh vf/d feyrh&tqyrh gSA lzksr% osLVysd (2011)

34


ewY;ksa dks vyx&vyx fo"k;ksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA bfrgkl ikB~;Øe izk;% tkrh; dsafnzr gksrk gS] tcfd vU; fo"k; fHkUu gksrs gSa] tSls teZuh esa Hkwxksy vkSj baXySaM esa ukxfjdrk (;wukbVsM fdaxMe)A dqN vk/qfud ikB~;iqLrdksa esa çokl laca/h fooknkLin eqíksa dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk gSA esfDldks esa] ikB~;iqLrdksa esa vfu;af=kr çokfl;ksa vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds lkFk laca/ksa ij ppkZ 'kkfey ugha gksrh gSA gkykafd] dksV Mh*vkbZoks;j esa ikB~;iqLrdksa esa 2002 esa jktuhfrd ladV ds ckn çeq[k 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj foLFkkiu ij ppkZ dh xbZ gSA

ikB~;p;kZ dks LFkkuh; :i ls viuk;k tk ldrk gS] tSls vYcVkZ] dukMk esa f'k{k.k lalk/u vkçoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ funsZ'k vkSj f'k{kk dk leFkZu djrs gSa] ftuesa fof'k"V leqnk;ksa] tSls djsu] lksekfy;ksa vkSj nf{k.k lwMku ij è;ku dsafær fd;k tkrk gSA blesa Ldwy dk l'kDr usr`Ro Hkh enn dj ldrk gSA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa] tgka Ldwy fofo/rk dks egRo nsrs gSa] ogka Nk=kksa }kjk varj&lkaLd`frd ppkZ esa 'kkfey gksus dh laHkkouk vf/d jgrh gSA

f'k{k.k esa mu xfrfof/;ksa dks 'kkfey djus dh vko';drk gS tks fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa esa [kqysiu dks c<+kok nsrh gSa] rkfd Nk=k egRoiw.kZ lksp dkS'ky fodflr dj ldsaA vuqHko vkSj lgdkjh f'k{kk ls varj&lkaLd`frd laca/ksa esa lq/kj djus] erHksnksa dks nwj djus vkSj iwokZxzg dks de djus esa enn fey ldrh gSA

çf'k{k.k tks fofHkUu oxksaZ ds fy, f'k{kdksa dks rS;kj djrk gS] vf/dka'k ns'kksa esa vfuok;Z ugha gSf'k{kdksa dks fofHkUu d{kkvksa esa i<+kus ds fy, leFkZu dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ysfdu Qzkaal] vk;jySaM] bVyh] ykrfo;k] Lisu vkSj ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa lk{kkRdkj fy, x, 52% f'k{kdksa us fofo/rk ls fuiVus ds fy, izca/u ls i;kZIr leFkZu u feyus dh ckr dghA f'k{kd dh f'k{kk esa fofo/rk fdl lhek rd 'kkfey gS] ;g vyx&vyx ns'kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUUk gksrk gSA uhnjySaM] U;wthySaM vkSj ukWosZ esa] f'k{kd mEehnokj fofo/ i`"BHkwfe ls Nk=kksa dk leFkZu djus ds fy, vfuok;Z ikB~;Øe pqurs gSaA ;wjksi esa vkerkSj ij ,sls ikB~;Øeksa dks iwjk djuk oSdfYid gksrk gSA

f'k{kd f'k{kk dk;ZØe esa O;kogkfjd vè;kiu dh rqyuk esa lkekU; Kku ij tksj fn;k tkrk gSaA 49 ns'kksa esa 105 dk;ZØeksa ds ,d losZ{k.k esa ik;k x;k fd rS;kj f'k{kdksa esa ls dsoy ,d@ikap f'k{kdksa dks gh varj&lkaLd`frd la?k"kksaZ dk vuqeku yxkus] mudk lek/ku djus ;k vko';drk iM+us ij Nk=kksa ds fy, miyC/ euksoSKkfud mipkj vkSj jsQjy fodYiksa dh le> FkhA bl laca/ esa lsokdkyhu f'k{kdksa dks fujarj O;kolkf;d fodkl dh vko';drk FkhA 2013 vksbZlhMh f'k{k.k vkSj vè;kiu varjkZ"Vªh; losZ{k.k esa ik;k x;k fd 34 f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa ls dsoy 16% fuEu ekè;fed f'k{kdksa us fiNys o"kZ esa cgqlkaLd`frd ;k cgqHkk"kh f'k{kk çf'k{k.k esa Hkkx fy;k FkkA

vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe okys f'k{kdksa ds çHkko ij dqN vè;;u fd, x, gSa] vkSj tks ekStwn gSa] os igys vkSj ckn dh ih<+h ds vkçokfl;ksa ;k vkçoklh ,oa vYila[;d f'k{kdksa ds chp varj ugha dj ldrs gSaA dqN izek.k crkrs gSa fd f'k{kdksa ds chp fofo/rk vkçoklh Nk=k miyfC/] vkRe&lEeku vkSj lqj{kk dh Hkkouk ls tqM+h gksrh gSA gkykafd] ;wjksi esa Nk=k fudk; lajpuk esa vkçoklh i`"BHkwfe okys f'k{kdksa dk çfrfuf/Ro ugha fd;k tkrk gSA bl is'ks esa 'kkfey gksus vkSj HkrhZ esa HksnHkkoiw.kZ vkSj iwokZxzg okyh uhfr;ka bl deh dks vkaf'kd :i ls mtkxj djrh gSaA

fgald dV~Vjrk dks jksdus esa f'k{kk dh vge Hkwfedk gS jkT; vkSj xSj&jkT; ukxfjdksa dks yf{kr djus okyh fgald dV~Vjrk vkSj vkradoknh geys fuLlansg lh/s rkSj çoklu vkSj foLFkkiu dk dkj.k curs gSa] ysfdu mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa vke turk dh jk; blds foijhr vkradokn dks çoklu ls tksM+rh gSA fQj Hkh] ,slk dksbZ fj'rk cgqr {kqnz gksrk gS] fonsf'k;ksa }kjk fd, x, geys ukxfjdksa ds ,d lewg dk izfrfuf/Ro djrs gSa vkSj dV~VjiaFkhdj.k dk jkLrk vusd :i ys ldrk gSA

dV~Vjrk ds mHkjus dks jksduk vkradokn ls cpus dk ,d egRoiw.kZ rjhdk gSA dV~VjiaFkh fodkl pqukSfr;ksa dks ,d lk/u dh rjg bLrseky djrs gSa ;k fo'ks"k :i ls lcls xjhc vkSj lcls detksj dks çHkkfor djrs gSa vkSj mis{kk dk

,d nq"pØ cukrs gq, mudk 'kks"k.k djrs gSaA

fofo/rk] 'kkafr vkSj vkfFkZd çxfr dks c<+kok nsdj] f'k{kk dV~VjiaFkh dks jksdus dk dk;Z dj ldrh gSA fgald pjeiaFkh f'k{kk dks izk;% ,d [krjs ds :i esa ns[krs gSa vkSj Ldwyksa ij ukbthfj;k esa cksdks gje tSls geys djrs gSaA

fofo/rk] 'kkafr vkSj vkfFkZd çxfr dks c<+kok nsdj] f'k{kk dV~VjiaFkh dks jksdus dk dk;Z dj ldrh gS


35

lkj

blds foijhr] f'k{kk ls oafpr j[kus ls dV~VjiaFkh dk [krjk c<+ ldrk gSA f'k{kk ds ykHk ls oafpr j[kuk Hkh mruk gh gkfudkjd gksrk gSA vkB vjc ns'kksa esa] csjkstxkjh us vf/d f'kf{kr yksxksa esa dV~VjiaFkh dh Hkkouk iSnk dh] ftudh vkfFkZd çxfr mEehn ls de gqbZ FkhA

dbZ ns'kksa esa ikB~;Øe esa fgald dV~VjiaFkh dks jksdus ds fy, ç;kl fd, tkrs gSa] ysfdu f'k{k.k lkexzh ges'kk blds vuq:i ugha gksrhA nqfu;k Hkj esa] 10 çklafxd ikB~;iqLrdksa esa ls 1 esa l'kL=k la?k"kZ dks jksdus ;k la?k"kZ lek/ku ;k lqyg ra=k ij ppkZ 'kkfey gksrh gS & blesa 1950 ds n'kd ds ckn ls FkksM+h o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

f'k{kd lfg".kq nf"Vdks.k dks izksRlkfgr dj ldrs gSa ysfdu blds fy, i;kZIr çf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA 'kS{kf.kd rjhdksa] tSls lgdehZ f'k{kk] vuqHko ls izkIr f'k{kk] Vhe dk dk;Z] Hkwfedk fuHkkuk vkSj egRoiw.kZ nf"Vdks.k] tks egRoiw.kZ lksp vkSj [kqyh ppkZ dks çksRlkfgr djrs gSa] lcls çHkkoh gksrs gSaA ysfdu f'k{kdksa dks vius Nk=kksa ij iqfyl dh rjg O;ogkj ugha djuk pkfg, ;k lqj{kk ds uke ij mudh O;fDrxr Lora=krk lhfer ugha djuh pkfg,A

Ldwy fgald pjeiaFk dks jksdus ds fy, mi;qDr LFky gks ldrs gSa ftlesa f'k{kk ds ckgj fgr/kjdksa dks tksM+k tk ldrk gSA baMksusf'k;k esa dqN dk;ZØeksa esa fo"k;ksa dks Nk=kksa ds fy, vf/d çklafxd vkSj egRoiw.kZ cukus ds fy, ihfM+rksa dh vkokt dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA fgald pjeiaFk ds f[kykQ f'k{kk tsaMj laosnu'khy gksuh pkfg, ftlesa efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dHkh&dHkh efgyk,a ,slh f'k{kk igyksa dk usr`Ro djrh gSaA mnkjg.k ds fy,] ikfdLrku ds [kScj i[rqu[ok çkar esa] ,d efgyk laxBu us 35]000 efgykvksa vkSj 2]000 ;qokvksa dks eè;LFkrk vkSj la?k"kZ ifjorZu dkS'ky fl[kk;k gSA

vukSipkfjd f'k{kk egRoiw.kZ gksrh gS ysfdu mnkjoknh lekt cukus esa bldh Hkwfedk udkjkRed gksrh gSiyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ds eqíksa ds ckjs esa f'kf{kr djuk vkSj tkx:drk c<+kuk Ldwy dh pkjnhokjh ds ckgj Hkh gksrk gSA vukSipkfjd f'k{kk ds dbZ :i vkSj mís'; gksrs gSaA nqHkkZX;o'k] pwafd ljdkjsa bls iznku ugha djrha] vr% bl ij O;ofLFkr tkudkjh cgqr de miyC/ gksrh gSA

iyk;u ij vukSipkfjd f'k{kk esa lkeqnkf;d dsaæ egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA rqdhZ esa] ,uthvks ;qok la?k ,lksfl,'ku lkeqnkf;d dsaæksa ds ekè;e ls Hkk"kk ikB~;Øe vkSj dkS'ky dk;Z'kkyk,a çnku djrh gSA lkaLd`frd iznkrk ;k nyky vuqokn lsok,a iznku dj ldrs gSa vkSj f'k{kk ç.kkyh ds lapkyu esa enn dj ldrs gSaA LohMu dh fyadksfiax uxj ikfydk us lksekyh ;k vjch Hkk"kk ds Kku ds lkFk vius ,d lkFk f'k{kk dk;ZØe ds fy, ^fyad ihiqy* ds :i esa dk;Z djus ds fy, vius f'k{kdksa dks çf'kf{kr fd;kA lkvks ikmyks] czkthy ds vuqlkj 'kgj fons'kh yksxksa ls ?k`.kk ds f[kykQ f'k{kk ds ç;klksa dks viuk ldrs gSa] ysfdu bls lQy cukus ds fy, blesa vkçoklh leqnk;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

vukSipkfjd f'k{kk ds fy, dyk vkSj [ksy 'kfDr'kkyh ekè;e gSaA ukWosZ vkSj Lisu esa lkeqnkf;d mRlo varj&lkaLd`frd vknku&iznku ds fy, txg çnku djrs gSaA nf{k.k vQzhdk dh dStj phQ QqVckWy Vhe us ns'k esa fonsf'k;ksa ds izfr ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k viukus ds fy, ,d lks'ky ehfM;k vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gSA

36


Nk=kksa vkSj is'ksojksa dh lfØ;rk rsth ls oS'ohd`r gksrh nqfu;k esa] ;qok fons'kksa esa i<+rs gSa vkSj dq'ky is'ksoj viuh çfrHkk dks fodflr djus ds fy, fons'kksa esa jkstxkj ds voljksa dh ryk'k djrs gSaA dq'ky lfØ;rk ds O;fDr;ksa] laLFkkuksa vkSj ns'kksa dks dbZ izdkj ds ykHk] ykxr vkSj tksf[ke gksrs gSaA

mPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk dk varjkZ"Vªh;dj.k dbZ :i ysrk gSmPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk ds varjkZ"Vªh;dj.k esa oSf'od 'kS{kf.kd okrkoj.k ls fuiVus ds fy, vdknfed ç.kkfy;ksa vkSj laLFkkuksa & vkSj ;gka rd fd O;fDr;ksa & }kjk ykxw uhfr;ka vkSj çFkk,a Hkh 'kkfey gksrh gSaA blesa Nk=kksa vkSj ladk; ds vkanksyu ds lkFk&lkFk ikB~;Øe] dk;ZØe vkSj laLFkkuksa 'kkfey gksrs gSa tks ?kj vkSj fons'kksa esa f'k{kk dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA

lHkh varjjk"Vªh; Nk=kksa esa ls vk/s vaxzsth cksyus okys ikap ns'kksa esa tkrs gSa% vkWLVªsfy;k] dukMk] U;wthySaM] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdkA Qzkal vkSj teZuh esa varjjk"Vªh; Nk=kksa ds 'ks;j Øe'k% 8% vkSj 6% rd c<+ x, gSa] D;ksafd os vaxzsth esa LukrdksÙkj dk;ZØe i<+krs gSaA 2016 esa phu] Hkkjr vkSj dksfj;k x.kjkT; ls fons'k tkus dh nj

25% FkhA 2016 esa ;wjksi ls tkus okys yksxksa dh nj dqy 23% Fkh tks nwljk lcls cM+k {ks=k gS] ysfdu 0-9 fefy;u ckgj tkus okys ;wjksih; Nk=kksa esa ls 76% {ks=k ds Hkhrj gh jgrs gSaA

Nk=k ns'k ;k fons'kksa esa f'k{kk ds fy, tkus&ekus ?kjsyw fo'ofo|ky;ksa] Hkqxrku djus dh {kerk vkSj lkis{k f'k{kk xq.koÙkk ds vk/kj ij mPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk izkIr djus dk fu.kZ; ysrs gSaA Nk=kksa dh dke djus dh {kerk laca/h uhfr;ka Hkh blesa dkjxj Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSaA 2011&2014 esa] uhfr esa LukrdksÙkj dk;Z ohtk dks lhfer djus ds ckn] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa Hkkjrh; Nk=k la[;k yxHkx 50% fxj xbZ (bl nkSjku

vkWLVªsfy;k esa mudh la[;k 70% vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa 37% c<+ xbZA phu vkSj teZuh lfgr dqN ns'k LFkkuh; dkS'ky deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, vius Je cktkjksa esa varjjk"Vªh; Nk=kksa dks cuk, j[kus dk ç;kl djrs gSaA

fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds fy,] jktLo tqVkuk varjkZ"Vªh; Nk=k HkrhZ dk ,d eq[; dkjd gSA 2016 esa] varjjk"Vªh; Nk=kksa ls vesfjdh dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks vuqekfur 39-4 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj dk ykHk gqvkA dbZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa tUe nj ?kVus vkSj c<+rh mez dh vkcknh ds dkj.k] tSls fd tkiku] mPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk {ks=k esa varjjk"Vªh; Nk=kksa ds fy, vius laLFkku ds njokts [kksys gq, gSA

esfDldks vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk mu ns'kksa esa ls gSa tks xfr'khyrk dk;ZØeksa dk mi;ksx lkaLd`frd dwVuhfr vkSj fodkl lgk;rk ds :i esa djrs gSaA Nk=kksa dks fons'k Hkstus okys czkthy vkSj lÅnh vjc lfgr dqN ns'k fodkl j.kuhfr ds :i esa fons'kksa esa vè;;u lfClMh nsrs gSaA

varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij vfLFkj ladk; vfHktkr oxZ ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa }kjk ekaxs tkus okys f'k{kkfonksa] LFkkuh; ;k ^vLFkk;h f'k{kkfonksa* ds inksa dks Hkjus ds fy, f'k{kkfonksa dh lsok,a mu ns'kksa esa vius dfj;j tkjh j[kus ds fy, ys ldrs gSa tgka mUgksaus MkWDVjsV dh mikf/ çkIr dh FkhA laLFkkxr xfr'khyrk ikjaifjd Nk=k vfLFkjrk dks de dj ldrh gS ysfdu vyx&vyx f'k{kk vko';drkvksa ds lkFk vkSj vf/d Nk=kksa dh lsok dj ldrh gSA O;kid [kqys vkWuykbu ikB~;Øe fo'ks"k :i ls fodkl'khy nqfu;k esa f'k{kk rd igqap dks c<+krs gSaA

'kk[kk ifjlj vkSj {ks=kh; f'k{kk dsaæ lfgr virVh;] lhek ikj vkSj lhekghu dk;ZØe] ?kj ij varjjk"Vªh; f'k{kk iznku djrs gSaA

lHkh varjjk"Vªh; Nk=kksa esa ls vk/s] vaxzsth cksyus okys ikap ns'kksa esa tkrs gSa tcdh ,f'k;k dss rhu jk"Vªksa ls fons'k tkus dh nj 25% Fkh


37

lkj

ekudksa dks vuqdwy cukus vkSj 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk dks ekU;rk nsus ls mPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk dk varjkZ"Vªh;dj.k djus esa vklkuh gksrh gSNk=k dks xfr'khyrk iznku djus ds fy,] laLFkku tfVy laca/ cuk ldrs gSa vkSj le>kSrs dj ldrs gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy, nksgjk vkSj la;qDr fMxzh dk;ZØe] ØsfMV LFkkukUrj.k] dk;Zuhfrd lk>snkjh vkSj HkkxhnkjhA ns'k f}i{kh;] {ks=kh; ;k oSf'od Lrj ij ekudksa vkSj xq.koÙkk vk'oklu ra=k dks rsth ls lqlaxr cukus dk ç;kl djrs gSaA

lkekU; fMxzh ekudksa] xq.koÙkk vk'oklu] ;ksX;rk ekU;rk ra=k vkSj vdknfed xfr'khyrk fofue; dk;ZØeksa dks ykxw djus ls ;wjksi vkSj lk>snkj ns'k 2010 esa ;wjksih; mPp f'k{kk {ks=k (bZ,pbZ,) LFkkfir djus esa l{ke gks x,A ;g 1999 esa 'kq: gqbZ cksyksXuk çfØ;k dh lekfIr Fkh] ftlesa ;wjksih; vk;ksx] ;wjksih; ifj"kn vkSj mPPk Lrjh; f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ds çfrfuf/] xq.koÙkk vk'oklu ,tsafl;ka] Nk=k] deZpkjh vkSj fu;ksDrk] vkSj orZeku esa 48 ns'k 'kkfey gSA fyLcu ekU;rk lEesyu bZ,pbZ, ns'kksa ds chp f'k{kk ;ksX;rk dh ekU;rk dks fu;af=kr djrk gS vkSj bls 53 ns'kksa }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k gSA

vU; {ks=k nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ jk"Vªksa (,fl;ku) vkSj iwohZ vQzhdh leqnk; lfgr bu igyqvksa dk vuqdj.k djus dh fn'kk esa dk;Z dj jgs gSaA mPp f'k{kk ij rhljs {ks=kh; lEesyu esa] ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjhfc;kbZ ns'kksa esa mPPk f'k{kk esa {ks=kh; ,dhdj.k dks lqn`<+ djus ij lgefr gqbZA ,slh igyksa dks dk;Z :i nsus ds fy,] ;wusLdks us 2019 esa vuqeksnu ds fy, mPp f'k{kk ;ksX;rk dks ekU;rk nsus ij oSf'od lEesyu dk ,d elkSnk rS;kj fd;k gSA

;wjksi esa Nk=k fofue; dk;ZØe nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;k dks lh[k çnku djrs gSa{ks=kh; Lrj ij Nk=k fofue; dk;ZØeksa dks laLFkkxr cukus ls vYidkfyd Nk=k xfr'khyrk ds voljksa dkQh c<+ tkrs gSaA 1987 esa LFkkfir bjkLel dk;ZØe ds rgr] ftldk 2014 esa bjkLel+ ds :i esa foLrkj gqvk Fkk] esa Hkkx ysus okys Nk=k nwljs ;wjksih; ns'k esa 3 ls 12 eghus dk vè;;u djrs gSa] vkSj ?kjsyw laLFkku bl vof/ dks mudh fMxzh esa 'kkfey djrs gSaA bldk mís'; çfrHkkfx;ksa dh varj&lkaLd`frd tkx:drk] dkS'ky vkSj jkstxkj {kerk c<+kuk vkSj ;wjksi esa lkekftd ,dtqVrk dks c<+kok nsuk gSA

10 esa ls 9 çfrHkkfx;ksa us crk;k fd blls mudh lksp esa yphykiu] [kqykiu vk;k gS vkSj lfg".kqrk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd ;wjksih; Nk=k dh xfr'khyrk ls mudh jkstxkj ;ksX;rk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA O;kid MsVk vk/kfjr ewY;kadu] tks Nk=k dh lfØ;rk ds fu/kZjd rRoksa dks fu;af=kr djrk gS] lekurk ds laca/ esa mudh vkSj vf/d lw{e rLohj izLrqr djrk gSA 2015@16 esa fczVsu ds de dq'ky ekrk&firk ds 2-8% Nk=kksa dh rqyuk esa is'ksoj ekrk&firk ds 4-4% Nk=kksa us bjkLel$ esa Hkkx fy;kA le; ds lkFk ;g varj c<+ x;k gSA

2015 esa] vkfl;ku vkSj ;wjksih; la?k us {ks=kh; mPPk f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks lqlaxr cukus ds fy, ,fl;ku {ks=k ('ks;j) dk;ZØe esa mPp f'k{kk ds fy, ;wjksih; la?k lgk;rk dh 'kq#vkr dhA 'ks;j us vi;kZIr jktuhfrd bPNk'kfDr vkSj lalk/uksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i xfr'khyrk esa ck/kvksa dh igpku dh gSA ;wjksi ds foijhr] ,fl;ku ns'kksa ds chp Í.k gLrkarj.k iz.kkyh O;kid :i ls fHkUu gSA

is'ksoj f'k{kk dks ekU;rk nsus ls varjjk"Vªh; Je lfØ;rk c<+rh gSis'ksoj f'k{kk dks eku;rk nsus ls dq'ky Je çoklu ds ykHk c<+rs gSa vkSj lqfo/ktud curs gSaA vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa] mPPk f'k{kk okys ,d&frgkbZ ls vf/d vkizkoklh ,d&pkSFkkbZ ewy fuokfl;ksa dh rqyuk esa viuh ukSdfj;ksa ds fy, visf{kr ;ksX;rk ls vf/d ;ksX;rk j[krs gSaA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa] csjkstxkj vkçoklh dkWyst ds Lukrdksa dh vk; esa deh ls okf"kZd 10-2 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj jktLo dh gkfu gks ldrh gSA

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ysfdu çokfl;ksa dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ekU;rk ç.kkyh izk;% vfodflr ;k [kafMr gksrh gSA çfØ;k tfVy] le; yxus okyh vkSj egaxh gksrh gS] blfy, blesa dsoy dqN vYila[;d gh vkosnu dj ldrs gSaA çHkko'khyrk esa lq/kj djus ds fy,] ewY;kadu ,tsafl;ka] ykblsaflax fudk; vkSj vdknfed laLFkku vko';drkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dks rdZlaxr cuk ldrs gSaA ljdkjsa lqfuf'pr dj ldrh gSa fd ,tsafl;ka fu"i{k] ikjn'khZ çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djsa vkSj loksZÙke çFkkvksa dk ikyu djsaA ekU;rk ds fy, dkuwuh vf/dkj LFkkfir djus ls MsuekdZ dh rjg nkf[kys vkSj n{krk esa c<+ksrjh gks ldrh gSA teZuh esa 2012 ds ,d dkuwu us fons'kh ukxfjdksa dks fuokl dh fLFkfr ;k ukxfjdrk ds ckotwn ekU;rk çkIr djus esa l{ke cuk;k gSA

tc mudh ;ksX;rk dks ekU;rk ugha feyrh gS] rks dbZ çoklh xarO; ns'kksa esa fjfDr;ksa ds ckotwn fofu;eu O;olk;ksa tSls f'k{k.k vkSj uflaZx esa dkuwuh :i ls izsfDVl ugha dj ldrs gSaA blesa vkaf'kd ekU;rk enn dj ldrh gSA vkosndksa dks ,d ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djuh gksrh gS] fdlh vof/ ds fy, i;Zos{k.k ds rgr dke djuk gksrk gS ;k dqN dk;ksaZ dks djus ls cpuk gksrk gSA ;wjksih; la?k O;kolkf;d ;ksX;rk funsZ'k ;wjksih; la?k esa izsfDVl djus ds fy, vuqeksfnr ;ksX;rk okys is'ksojksa ds dqN lewgksa dks vuqefr nsrk gSA ,slh Lopkfyr ekU;rk dh LFkkiuk vkSj j[kj[kko ds fy, i;kZIr jktuhfrd çfrc¼rk vkSj lalk/uksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS] blfy, bl rjg ds le>kSrs de gSaA

f'k{kd ds çoklu ls ykHk vkSj tksf[ke nksuksa gksrs gSa f'k{kdksa dks de osru] csjkstxkjh] jktuhfrd vfLFkjrk] dke djus dh [kjkc fLFkfr;ksa vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps dh deh ds dkj.k iyk;u djus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu f'k{k.k jk"Vªh; fofu;eu vko';drkvksa ds v/hu izk;% ,d fofu;fer is'kk gS tks çokfl;ksa dks pqukSrh nsrk gSA

pwafd f'k{kd ;ksX;rk ds fu;e izk;% Hkk"kk dkS'ky ls lacaf/r gksrs gSa] vr% Hkk"kkbZ vkSj lkaLdfrd lekurk okys ns'kksa ds chp budk O;kid vknku&iznku gksrk gSA mPp osru ls vkdf"kZr gksdj felz vkSj vU; vjc ns'kksa ds f'k{kdksa us [kkM+h lg;ksx ifj"kn jkT;ksa esa f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks c<+kus esa enn dhA vc ns'k vjch dks vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds lkFk funsZ'k dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa cny jgs gSa] vkSj vaxzsth cksyus okys f'k{kd felz vkSj tkWMZu ds f'k{kdksa dh txg ys jgs gSaA

f'k{kd ds çoklu ls ewy ns'kksa esa f'k{kd dh deh iSnk gks ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe teSdk vkSj nf{k.k vQzhdk tSls ns'kksa ls f'k{kdksa dh HkrhZ djrk gSA cnys esa] mls vius f'k{kdksa dh deh dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS] nf{k.k vQzhdk fons'k ls] fo'ks"kdj ftEckCos ls f'k{kdksa dh HkrhZ djrk gSA dSjhfc;kbZ ns'kksa us gky ds n'kdksa esa mPp f'k{kd ds çoklu dk Hkh vuqHko fd;k gS] tks fczVsu vkSj vesfjdh ds lfØ; HkrhZ ç;klksa ds dkj.k gqvk gSA

f'k{kdksa dks Hkstus okys ns'k dk uqdlku dkQh vf/d gks ldrk gS] pkgs f'k{kd çf'k{k.k vkSj f'k{kk ;k lexz f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa fuos'k gksA bl leL;k us varjjk"Vªh; igyksa dks çsfjr fd;k gS tks jk"VªeaMy f'k{kd HkrhZ çksVksdkWy tSls ns'kksa ds fgrksa dks igpkurh gSaA gkykafd] xSj&ckè;dkjh vkpj.k lafgrk ds :i esa] çksVksdkWy çokl djus okys O;fDrxr f'k{kdksa ij izfrca/ ugha yxkrkA

varjkZ"Vªh; f'k{kd HkrhZ ,d vkd"kZd O;olk; gS tks okf.kfT;d ,tsafl;ksa dks vkdf"kZr djrk gSA os 'kk;n gh dHkh fu;af=kr gksrs gSa vkSj mPp fu;qfDr ij 'kqYd ys ldrs gSa ;k cgqr vf/d tkudkjh çnku ugha djrs] ftlls Hkstus okys vkSj çkIr djus ns'kksa esa iathdj.k dh HkrhZ djus okyksa ds fy, vkns'k tkjh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

çfrHkk iyk;u xjhc ns'kksa ds fy, gkfudkjd gks ldrk gS2010 esa] 174 ns'kksa esa ls ,d&frekgh ls vf/d esa vR;f/d dq'kyrk dh çokl nj 20% ls Åij gS] ftlesa ;wjksi esa dSjsfc;u] vYckfu;k vkSj ekYVk esa xzsusMk vkSj xq;kuk vkSj mi&lgkjk vQzhdk esa ,fjfVª;k vkSj lksekfy;k 'kkfey gSa (fp=k 5)A dkS'ky dh deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, le¼ ns'k dq'ky Jfedksa ds fy, lfØ; :i ls çfrLi/kZ djrs gSaA

le`¼ ns'k dq'ky Jfedksa ds fy, lfØ; :i ls çfrLi/kZ djrs gSa] ftlls ;g fpark,a mRiUu gksrh gSa fd çoklu ls dkS'ky ds uqdlku ds dkj.k Hkstus okys ns'kksa esa fodkl ckf/r gks ldrk gSA gkykafd] iSls ?kj Hkstus ds vykok] dq'ky çoklu dh laHkkouk,a Hkstus okys ns'k esa f'k{kk esa fuos'k dks Hkh c<+k ldrh gSaA bl fjiksVZ ds fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd 14% dh 'kq¼ mPp dq'ky çoklu nj O;fDr }kjk /u tek djus dk mPpre ldkjkRed çHkko mRiUu djrh gSA ewy vkSj xarO; ns'kksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk de dq'ky çoklu njksa dk ys[kk&tks[kk j[kus ds ckn] çoklu laHkkouk,a 174 ns'kksa esa ls 90 esa 'kq¼ izfrHkk ykHk mRiUu djrh gSa] tcfd 'kq¼ çHkko de gksrk gSA

dqN ns'kksa] fo'ks"k :i ls ,f'k;k esa] vf/d ukxfjdksa dks ewY;oku dkS'ky ds lkFk ykSVrs gq, ns[kk tk jgk gSA fQyhihal us okil vkus okyksa ds fy, uhfr;ka fu/kZfjr dh gSa vkSj ?kjsyw Je cktkjksa dks lqn`<+ fd;k gS rkfd çokl ij fu.kZ; vko';drk dh ctk; ilan ds vuqlkj fy;k tk ldsA


39

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thbZ,e LVkVZ fyad%http://bit.ly/fi g6_1lzksr% MLVj vkSj MkWD;w;j (2018)A.

rduhdh vkSj O;kolkf;d f'k{kk çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,d lk/u gSnks leL;k,a çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds rduhdh vkSj O;kolkf;d f'k{kk vkSj çf'k{k.k (VhohbZVh) dk;ZØeksa dks çHkkfor djrh gSaA

lcls igys] dbZ ck/k,a VhohbZVh ds ekè;e ls dkS'ky fodkl ds fy, çoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ ekax dks de djrh gSaA 'kq#vkrh csjkstxkjh vkSj vfuf'pr jkstxkj izokfl;ksa dks nwljs dk;Z djus ds fy, ckè; djrk gS] ftlds dkj.k muds vius dkS'ky esa fuos'k djus dh laHkkouk de gks tkrh gSA fcuk nLrkost okys çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds ikl dk;Z djus dk oS/ vf/dkj ugha gksrk] tSlk fd vk;jySaM vkSj fyFkqvkfu;k esa gS] tgka O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k esa Hkkxhnkjh dks grksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA cgq çnkrk vkSj ços'k LFky VhohbZVh iz.kkyh esa tkus dks eqf'dy cuk ldrs gSaA fQj Hkh VhohbZVh çnkrk vkSj lkoZtfud jkstxkj lsok,a çokfl;ksa dks dke vuqHko izkIr djus esa enn djus ds fy, çklafxd fu;ksDrkvksa ds lkFk tksM+ ldrh gSaA teZuh esa ^Lokxr lykgdkj* NksVs vkSj eè;e vkdkj ds m|eksa dks u, izkokfl;ksa esa ls dq'ky Jfedksa dh HkrhZ dk leFkZu djrh gSa( 2016 esa] 3]441 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks çf'k{k.k fn;k x;kA

nwljk] 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh iwoZ f'k{kk dks ekU;rk u nsus ls mUgsa lH; dk;Z izkIr djus ;k vkxs f'k{kk vkSj çf'k{k.k çkIr djus dh viuh ;ksX;rk ls le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gSA çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa }kjk vius lkFk f'k{kk ;ksX;rk çek.k i=k ys tkus dh laHkkouk ugha gksrh] vkSj O;kolkf;d f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa vf/d ifjorZu'khyrk ds dkj.k VhohbZVh fMxzh dks vdknfed fMxzh dh rqyuk esa ys tkuk de vklku gksrk gSA 2013 esa] ukWosZ us lR;kiu nLrkosthdj.k ds fcuk O;fDr;ksa ds fy, igpku çfØ;k 'kq: dhA vk/s ls vf/d 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa] ftuds dkS'ky 2013 esa igpkus x, Fks] dks ;k rks lacaf/r ukSdjh fey xbZ ;k mUgksaus vkxs f'k{kk esa nkf[kyk ys fy;kA varj ljdkjh lg;ksx ls igpku] lR;kiu vkSj ekU;rk Hkh lqxe gks ldrh gSA lhfj;kbZ vjc x.kjkT; vkSj felz] bjkd] tkWMZu vkSj yscuku ds chp jk"Vªh; ekU;rk le>kSrs ekStwn gSaA

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ehuk (11 o"kZ] xzsM 5] cks,max dkpax }hi] dksg dksax izkar] dacksfM;k

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lkj

2018 esa igyh ckj pkj ladsrdksa dh lwpuk nh tk,xh] ftlls ,lMhth ladsrdksa dh dqy la[;k ftudh la[;k 43 esa ls 33 gks tk,xhA

,lMhth 4 esa fuxjkuh çxfrf'k{kk ij ,lMhth 4 dk leFkZu djus okyk fuxjkuh <kapk egRokdka{kh gS] Hkys gh f'k{kk fodkl esa lcls dfBu ç'uksa dks NksM+ fn;k tk,A bldh ,d çeq[k jpukRed Hkwfedk gS] tks è;ku fn, tkus okys xaHkhj eqíksa ij fopkj djrh gS vkSj mls fdl ns'k dh fuxjkuh esa fuos'k djuk pkfg,A lkFk gh] ns'kksa esa MsVk rqyukRedrk dks etcwr djus ds fy, ladsrdksa] ekudksa vkSj midj.kksa dks fodflr djus ds fy, O;kid ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSaA ;g ,d ,slh çfØ;k gS ftlds

fy, varjjk"Vªh; ,tsafl;ksa] ns'kksa] fuf/ iznkrkvksa vkSj fo'ks"kKksa ds chp ?kfu"B lg;ksx dh vko';drk gSA

,lMhth 4 ds fy, 11 oSf'od ladsrd gSaA ;wusLdks lkaf[;dh; laLFkku (;wvkbZ,l) vkB ladsrdksa ds fy, ,dek=k laj{kd ,tsalh gS rFkk ;g lwpuk vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh (vkbZlhVh) ij ladsrd ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; nwjlapkj la?k (vkbZVh;w) ds lkFk lg;ksx djrk gSA çkjafHkd cpiu ds fodkl ij ,d ladsrd ds fy, laj{kd ,tsalh ;wfulsQ gS vkSj Nk=ko`fÙk dh lgk;rk ds fy, vksbZlhMh gSA vfrfjDr 32 fo"k;xr ladsrdksa ls ,lMhth 4 fuxjkuh <kaps esa 43 ladsrd gks x, gSaA

;wvkbZ,l ,lMhth 4 & f'k{kk 2030 (Vhlhth) ds fy, ladsrdksa ij rduhdh lg;ksx lewg ds ekè;e ls lnL; jkT;ksa vkSj ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk oSf'od vkSj fo"k;xr ladsrdksa esa fodkl dk leUo; djrk gS] tks bls ;wusLdks ds lkFk vk;ksftr djrk gSA 2018 esa igyh ckj pkj ladsrdksa dh lwpuk nh tk,xh (o;Ld lk{kjrk dk;ZØeksa esa Hkkxhnkjh] O;kid ;kSu f'k{kk] Ldwy vk/kfjr fgalk vkSj Ldwyksa ij geys)] ftudh la[;k 43 ladsrdksa esa ls dqy 33 gks tk,xhA dk;Z tkjh gS ;k ;g funsZ'k dh Hkk"kk] lalk/uksa dk forj.k vkSj f'k{kd is'ksoj fodkl ij 'kq: gksus okyk gSA

;wvkbZ,l }kjk vk;ksftr f'k{kk fuxjkuh ds fy, oSf'od xBca/u] vf/d tfVy f'k{k.k ifj.kke ladsrdksa ij dke djrk gS] tks eq[; :i ls i<+us vkSj xf.kr] o;Ld lk{kjrk vkSj fMftVy lk{kjrk esa U;wure n{krk ij dk;Z djrs gSaA ;wvkbZ,l i<+us vkSj xf.kr dh n{krk esa fyafdax vkSj csapekfdaZx ds fy, rhu oSdfYid dk;Zuhfr;ksa ij dk;Z dj jgk gSA lcls igys] ;g ,d igy dk leFkZu djrk gS tks p;fur ySfVu vesfjdh vkSj if'peh vQzhdh ns'kksa esa Nk=kksa dks losZ{k.k esa vf/d csgrj rqyuk djus ds fy, {ks=kh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; ewY;kadu miyC/ djk,xkA nwljk] blus fofHkUu vuqekuksa dh lkexzh dh :ijs[kk cukbZ gS] ftlds ekè;e ls fo'ks"kK fjiksfVaZx iSekus ij losZ{k.k djus ds fy, losZ{k.kksa esa oLrqvksa dk dfBukbZ Lrj fufnZ"V djsaxsA rhljk] ;g lkaf[;dh; rduhdksa dk mi;ksx djds n{krk ds iSekus dks tksM+us dk ç;kl tkjh j[krk gSA

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2000&2015 rd dh leLr vof/ ds fy, f'k{kk dk tk;tk ysuk2015 lHkh ds fy, f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ (bZ,Q, th,evkj) us bZ,Q, fjdkWMZ dk ewY;kadu fd;k tks dkQh gn rd 2012 ds vkadM+ksa ij vk/kfjr FkkA 2015 ds vkadM+ksa ds vk/kj ij ,d v|ru ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSA ;g fu"d"kZ dks ugha cnyrk & bZ,Q, dh vof/ ds nkSjku gkykafd çxfr egRoiw.kZ Fkh] ysfdu varr% ;g y{; rd igqapus ls dkQh de Fkh & ysfdu 2030 dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g vuqeku yxkus dh ,d egRoiw.kZ izfØ;k lkfcr gqbZ gSA

nks çeq[k fu"d"kZ lkeus vk, gSaA çkFkfed lekiu ij bZ,Q, y{; 2 ds laca/ esa] yxHkx 1997 rd fLFkj Hkkxhnkjh vkSj lekiu nj ds ckn] çkFkfed ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr] 'kq¼ nkf[kyk nj vkSj ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr çkFkfed xzsM esa 2008 esa c<+ xbZ] vkSj fQj #d xbZ (fp=k 6d)A blds foijhr] ySafxd lekurk ij y{; 5 ds laca/ esa] gkykafd 2005 rd nkf[kyk esa lekurk dk y{; izkIr ugha gqvk Fkk] fQj Hkh 1990 vkSj 2000 ds n'kd esa çxfr tkjh jgh] çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed f'k{kk esa 2009 esa lekurk gks xbZ vkSj 2015 esa ;qok lk{kjrk esa yxHkx lekurk izkIr dj yh xbZ FkhA o;Ld lk{kjrk esa vlekurk cuh gqbZ gS] 63% vf'kf{kr efgyk,a gSa] vkSj mPPk f'k{kk esa blds mYkV gqvk gSa] iq#"kksa ds vc Hkkx ysus dh laHkkouk de gS (fp=k 6[k)A

fp=k 6% 2000 ls 2015 ds chp] nqfu;k ySafxd lekurk dh vksj rsth ls c<+h ysfdu lkoZHkkSfed çkFkfed f'k{kk iw.kZrk dh vksj ugha

xzsM 1 esa ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr

çkFkfed ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr

çkFkfed lek;ksftr fuoy nkf[kyk nj

çkFkfed dsvafre xzsM ds fy, ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr

eq[;ekè;fed

r`rh;d

;qok lk{kjrk nj

O;Ld lk{kjrk nj

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d- p;fur izkFkfed f'k{kk miyC/rk]Hkkxhnkjh vkSj lekiu ladsrd] 1990&2015

[k- p;fur ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr vkSj lk{kjrk nj] 1990&2015 ds fy, lek;ksftr ySafxd lekurk lwpdkad

thbZ,e LVkVZ fyad%http://bit.ly/fi g7_1lzksr% ;wvkbZ,l MsVkcslA


43

lkj

çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir vkcknh dh f'k{kk dh fLFkfr dh fuxjkuh djus esa dbZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS,lMhth fuxjkuh <kaps esa uqdlku ls tqM+s fofHkUu ekudksa }kjk vyx&vyx ladsrdksa ij Li"V :i ls è;ku dsafær fd;k x;k gSA gkykafd] vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh f'k{kk dh fLFkfr ij O;ofLFkr MsVk Li"V ugha gSA fo'o cSad ds ekbØksMkVk dSVykWx esa] yxHkx 2]500 ?kjsyw losZ{k.kksa esa ls 2]000 ls vf/d esa f'k{kk ij tkudkjh 'kkfey gS] ysfdu

muesa ls lkr esa ls dsoy ,d esa çoklu 'kkfey gS] vkSj blds Hkh cgqr NksVs Hkkx esa foLFkkiu 'kkfey gSA

çoklh ifjokj ?kwers jgrs gSa vkSj ?kjsyw losZ{k.k ds fy, x.kuk djus okyksa }kjk nkSjk djus ij muds ?kj ij mifLFkr gksus dh laHkkouk de gksrh gS ;k Hkk"kk ck/kvksa ;k dkuwuh leL;k ds dkj.k muds lkFk ckrphr djuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA vkSj pwafd iyk;u dh fLFkfr rsth ls cny ldrh gS] blfy, uewus dk dksbZ Qzse fu/kZfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;g fo'ks"k :i ls foLFkkfir yksxksa dks çHkkfor djrk gS% 'kj.kkFkhZ f'kfojksa esa MsVk vf/d O;ofLFkr :i ls ,df=kr fd;k tkrk gS] ysfdu bu f'kfojksa esa 40% ls de 'kj.kkFkhZ jgrs gSa vkSj vkbZMhih f'kfojksa esa rks blls Hkh de jgrs gSaA

ekud] lkekU; ç;kstu losZ{k.k esa vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks lqfuf'pr :i ls 'kkfey djus ls uewuk ysus vkSj MsVk laxzg djus tSls eqíksa dks ges'kk gy ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ekud losZ{k.k iyk;u dh ?kVuk ds mrkj&p<+ko dks ntZ ugha djrs gSa vkSj le; ij tkudkjh izkIr djus ds fy, cgqr de gks ldrs gSaA izokfl;ksa dks Hkstus vkSj çkIr djus okys leqnk;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk xSj&;kn`fPNd uewuk ysus dk mi;ksx djds MsVk dk rqjar laxzg djus ls tqM+s 'kks/&dsafær losZ{k.k lfgr yphyk n`f"Vdks.k vf/d çHkkoh gks ldrk gSA var esa] losZ{k.k esa f'k{kk&çokl xfr'khyrk ;k ewy ns'k esa izkIr f'k{kk ;ksX;rk ntZ ugha dh tkrhA

ekpZ 2016 esa] la;qDr jk"Vª lkaf[;dh vk;ksx us 'kj.kkFkhZ vkSj vkbZMhih lkaf[;dh ij ,d fo'ks"kK lewg dk vk;kstu fd;kA blesa 40 lnL; ns'kksa vkSj de ls de 15 {ks=kh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa us Hkkx fy;kA bl lewg us MsVk laxzg esa lq/kj djus ds fy, flQkfj'ksa dhaA ;wusLdks vkSj ;w,u,plhvkj 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kk çca/u lwpuk ç.kkyh] tks ,d fu%'kqYd] eqDr lzksr] osc&vk/kfjr midj.k gS] dks fodflr dj jgs gSa rkfd ns'kksa dks 'kj.kkFkhZ f'k{kk MsVk ,df=kr] ladfyr] fo'ys"k.k vkSj fjiksVZ djus esa lgk;rk fey ldsA

çoklh ifjokj ?kwers jgrs gSa vkSj ?kjsyw losZ{k.k ds fy, x.kuk djus okyksa }kjk nkSjk djus ij muds ?kj ij mifLFkr gksus dh laHkkouk de gksrh gS ;k Hkk"kk ck/kvksa ;k dkuwuh leL;k ds dkj.k muds lkFk ckrphr djuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA

44


çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed f'k{kk

2010 vkSj 2014 ds chp iSnk gq, cPpksa dks ,lMhth ih<+h ekuk tk ldrk gSA 2015 esa lcls iqjkuh mez 5 rd igqap xbZ vkSj dbZ ns'kksa esa] 2015@16 & ,lMhth vof/ (2015&2030) dh 'kq#vkr esa iwoZ çkFkfed f'k{kk rd igqapus dh mEehn FkhA 2030 esa lcls de mez 16 gks tk,xh] tks laHkkfor :i ls le; ij fuEu ekè;fed f'k{kk iwjk djus

dh lcls de mez gSA ,lMhth ih<+h ds fy, 2030 rd lkoZHkkSfed ekè;fed f'k{kk iwjk djus dk y{; izkIr djus ds fy,] ekStwnk lewg dks le; ij çkFkfed Ldwy esa nkf[kyk ysuk vko';d gSA 2016 esa igys çkFkfed xzsM esa oSf'od lek;ksftr 'kq¼ nkf[kyk nj 86% FkhA

çkFkfed Ldwy dh vk;q ds yxHkx 63 fefy;u cPps] ;k 9%] 2016 esa Ldwy ugha tkrs Fks] tcfd fuEu ekè;fed Ldwy vk;q (16%) ds 61 fefy;u fd'kksj vkSj Åijh ekè;fed Ldwy dh vk;q (36%) ds 139 fefy;u ;qok Ldwy ugha tkrs FksA çkFkfed nj 2008 ds ckn ls yxHkx leku cuh gqbZ gSA mi&lgkjk vQzhdk esa çkFkfed Ldwy dh mez dks NksM+dj Ldwy u tkus okyksa dh nj c<+ jgh gS] vU; {ks=kksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls

if'peh ,f'k;k (fp=k 7) esa la?k"kZ ds dkj.k Ldwy NksM+us okys cPpksa dh la[;k vf/d gSA

izR;sd 5 o"kZ esa xzsM 4 Nk=kksa dk vkdyu djus okys varjjk"Vªh; iBu lk{kjrk vè;;u esa izxfr uked ,d losZ{k.k vè;;u fu"d"kksZa ij oSf'od ladsrd dk eq[; u;k ØkWl jk"Vªh; losZ{k.k MsVk miyC/ djkrk gSA bZjku ds bLykfed x.kjkT; esa] fuEu cSapekdZ dks iwjk djus okyk izfr'kr o"kZ 2001 esa 56% ls c<+dj 2016 esa 65% gks x;k vFkkZr~ izfr

fp=k 7% mi&lgkjk vQzhdk esa Ldwy u tkus okys cPPkksa dh vkcknh dk oSf'od fgLlk c<+ jgk gS{ks=k }kjk Ldwy u tkus okyh vkcknh dk forj.k] 2000&2015

mi lgkjk vQzhdk

eè; vkSj nf{k.kh ,f'k;kiwohZ vkSj nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;k 'ks"k fo'o'k''''' s"kkkkk k""""" fofffff 'ooooo o'''''mÙkjh vQzhdk vkSj if'peh ,f'k;k

mi lgkjk vQzhdk

eè; vkSj nf{k.kh ,f'k;k

iwohZ vkSj nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;k

'ks"k fo'o''' skk' s'''''''' sss''' sss""kkkkkkkkkkk kk""""""""""" ffofofffffffff ''o'oooooooooo oo'''''''''''

mÙkjh vQzhdk vkSj if'peh ,f'k;k

mi lgkjk vQzhdk


iwohZ vkSj nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;

'ks"k fo'o''kk''''''''' sks' ""kkkkkkkkk kk"""""k""""" fffooffffffffff ''ooooo'ooooo oo'''''''''mÙkjh vQzhdk vkSj if'peh ,f'k;k

Ldwy u

k tkus o

kys c

Ppksa dk fgLl

k

Ldwy u

k tkus o

kys fd'kksjk

sa dk fgLl

k

Ldwy u

k tkus o

kys ;

qokvksa dk fgLl

k

d- izkFkfed Ldwy ds cPps

[k- fuEu ekè;fed Ldwy vk;q ds fd'kksj

x- Åijh ekè;fed Ldwy vk;q ds ;qok

thbZ,e LVkVZ fyad% http://bit.ly/fi g8_2lzksr% ;wvkbZ,l MsVkcslA

2030 rd lkoZHkkSfed ekè;fed f'k{kk iwjk djus dk y{; izkIr djus ds fy,] lHkh cPpksa dks 2018 rd izkFkfed Ldwy esa nkf[kyk ysuk vko';d gSA

4.1

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lkj

o"kZ ,d izfr'kr vad ls deA dqN ns'kksa] ftuesa eksjDdks vkSj vkseku 'kkfey gSa] us 2030 rd y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy, nj esa lq/kj fd;k gS_ nwljs ns'kksa] mnkgj.k ds fy, vtsjcStu] lmnh vjc vkSj nf{k.k vQzhdk esa U;wure n{krk izkIr djus okys Nk=kksa ds 'ks;j esa o`f¼ ugha gqbZ gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd bl y{; dks izkIr djuk cM+k eqf'dy gksxkA

f'k{kk 2030 ,tsasMk ds fy, ,d ubZ lekiu nj vuqeku 2013&2017 ds vuqlkj ?kjsyw losZ{k.k MsVk ds vuqlkj] izkFkfed f'k{kk ds fy, lekiu nj 85] ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fy, 73 vkSj Åijh ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fy, 49 gSA rFkkfi] ifjokj losZ{k.k vkSj tux.kuk vkadM+ksa ds fy, de le; gksxk vkSj cgq lzksr lVhd lwpuk iznku ugha djsaxsA LokLF; fuxjkuh leqnk; ds mnkgj.k ds ckn] thbZ,e fjiksVZ Vhe us lekiu njksa dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, ,d ekWMy fodflr fd;k gSA iqjkus lewgksa dh lekiu njksa dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, fiNyh njsa ns'k esa nj foLrkj ds fy, nh?kkZof/ n`f"Vdks.k miyC/ djk ldrh gSaA ladsrd ds orZeku Lrj dk vYikof/ ckgjh x.kuk ds vf/dka'k orZeku MsVk dk vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

'kq#vkrh cpiu

'kq#vkrh cpiu f'k{kk vkSj ns[kHkky Kku&laca/h vkSj lkekftd&HkkoukRed fodkl ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS vkSj ;g fo'ks"k :i ls vkink ladV esa egRoiw.kZ lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA

ljdkjh izkFkfed nkf[kyk vk;q ls igys ,d o"kZ vè;;u esa Hkkx ysus ds oSf'od ladsrd U;wu vk; okys ns'kksa esa yxHkx 43 gSa tcfd mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa 90% gSa] vkSj fo'o dk vkSlr 70% gS] tks /hek fdarq /hjs&/hjs yxkrkj c<+rk #>ku gSA blds foijhr] izkFkfed&iwoZ ldy ukekadu vuqikr esa f'k{kk ds Lrj dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] tks dqN ns'kksa esa ,d o"kZ ls de le; rd jgrk gS vkSj o"kZ 2016 esa ;g vf/dre pkj ns'kksa esa 49% igqapk Fkk (fp=k 8)A

çkjafHkd cpiu ds fodkl ij vU; oSf'od ladsrd ;wfulsQ izkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk fodkl lwpdkad (bZlhMhvkbZ) ij vk/kfjr gS] ftldh x.kuk eq[; :i ls ;wfulsQ cgq ladsrd lewg losZ{k.k (,evkbZlh,l) MsVk dk mi;ksx djds dh tkrh gSA gkykafd ;wfulsQ dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, bZlhMhvkbZ i¼fr dh leh{kk dj jgk gS vkSj bl çfØ;k ds 2018 ds var rd iwjk gksus dh laHkkouk gSA ikap o"kksaZ esa ,evkbZlh,l ds nks nkSj esa Hkkx ysus okys ns'kksa ds urhts crkrs gSa fd lk{kjrk&vad Kku {ks=k esa 3 ls 4 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa dk fgLlk çfr o"kZ ,d çfr'kr ls Hkh de vad ls c<+rk gSA

gkykafd] Ldwy ds fy, ^rS;kj* gksuk vkSj ^fodkl ds ekxZ ij* gksuk Hkzked vo/kj.kk,a gSa] ftUgsa nqfu;k Hkj esa vyx&vyx ns[kk tkrk gSA ns'kksa dks mudh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus okys mik;ksa dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, vkSj vf/d foosdkf/dkj dh vko';drk gks ldrh gS tks laLFkkxr <kapksa vkSj lkaLd`frd fo'ks"krkvksa ds vuqdwy gksaA

fp=k 8% nl esa ls lkr cPpksa us izkFkfed f'k{kk esa nkf[kyk ysus ls igys fiz&Ldwy esa nkf[kyk fy;k Fkk ljdkjh izkFkfed nkf[kyk vk;q ls iwoZ ,d o"kZ rd f'k{kk izkIr djus okyksa dh Hkkxhnkjh nj rFkk izkFkfed f'k{kk iwoZ ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr] 2000&2016

izkFkfed ls ,d o"kZiwoZ laxfBr f'k{kkesa Hkkxhnkjh nj

iwoZ izkFkfed ldynkf[kyk vuqikr

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thbZ,e LVkVZfyax% http://bit.ly/fi g9_2 lzksr% ;wvkbZ,l MsVkcsl

4.2

y{; 4-2

46


fQj Hkh Ldwy dh rS;kjh dh fuxjkuh djus ds fy, jk"Vªh; ç.kkyh de gh ns[kus dks feyrh gSA vkerkSj ij] ns'kksa ds ikl çnkrkvksa (tSls Hkkjr dh 2013 jk"Vªh; çkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk ns[kHkky vkSj f'k{kk uhfr) esa deZpkfj;ksa] çf'k{k.k] lqfo/kvksa vkSj ikB~;Øe ekudksa dh fuxjkuh djus ;k dk;ZØe çHkko dk ewY;kadu djus (mnkgj.k ds fy, vesfjdh gsM LVkVZ çh&Ldwy dk;ZØe dh jk"Vªh; fjiksfVaZx iz.kkyh ?kVd) ds fy, jk"Vªh; <kaps vkSj çfØ;k,a gksrh gSaA csgrj f'k{kk ifj.kkeksa ds fy, fo'o cSad iz.kkyh n`f"Vdks.k ds 'kq#vkrh ckY;koLFkk ds fodkl ekWM~;wy esa] 37 fuEu vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa ls dsoy 8 us lHkh pkj {ks=kksa (laKkukRed] Hkk"kkbZ] 'kkjhfjd vkSj lkekftd HkkoukRed fodkl) esa cPpksa ij MsVk ,d=k fd;k gSA

nf{k.k vQzhdk ds 2014 jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ <kaps esa Ng çkjafHkd f'k{kk vkSj fodkl {ks=kksa ds vk/kj ij vukSipkfjd] fo'ys"k.kkRed vkSj py jgs ewY;kadu ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa vad ;k çfr'kr 'kkfey ugha gSa cfYd çkFkfed Lokxr xzsM ds fy, rS;kjh fjdkWMZ dh xbZ gSA 2014 ls] eSflMksfu;k ds iwoZ ;qxksLyko x.kjkT; }kjk bZlhbZlh dsaæksa esa nkf[ky lHkh cPpksa ds cky fodkl iksVZQksfy;ks j[kk tk jgk gSA

rduhdh] O;kolkf;d] r`rh;d vkSj o;Ld f'k{kk

lHkh vkSipkfjd vkSj vukSipkfjd f'k{kk voljksa] pkgs dke ls lacaf/r gksa vFkok ugha] dk ykHk mBkus ds fy, çkS<+ f'k{kk Hkkxhnkjh ij oSf'od ladsrdksa esa lq/kj fd;k x;k gSA fofo/rk vkSj çnkrkvksa dh la[;k etnwj losZ{k.k dks lzksr ds :i esa ç'kklfud MsVk ds vuq:i cukrh gS] fQj Hkh ns'kksa ds chp bu losZ{k.kksa esa ç'u dkQh fHkUu gksrs gSa] vkSj dqN ç'u ubZ ladsrd ifjHkk"kk ds vuq:i gksrs gSaA ns'kksa dh la[;k dk foLrkj djus ds fy, ç'uksa dk ekudhdj.k] rqyukRed MsVk ds vuqlkj j[kuk vklku ugha gksxkA

;wjksih; la?k etnwj losZ{k.k esa fiNys 4 lIrkg (cuke ladsrd ds 12 eghus) esa vkSipkfjd f'k{kk vkSj çf'k{k.k ij è;ku dsafær fd;k x;k gSA Hkkxhnkjh nj vkSlru 11% ij fLFkj jgrh gS] gkykafd #>ku gj ns'k ds vuqlkj fHkUu gksrs gSa (fp=k 9)A felz] tkWMZu vkSj V;wwuhf'k;k esa ,dhd`r Je cktkj losZ{k.k fu;ksftr yksxksa] vkthou Hkkxhnkjh vkSj dk;Z ls lacaf/r VhohbZVh rd gh lhfer gSaA os rduhdh dkS'ky okys deZpkfj;ksa ds chp 4% rd okf"kZd çf'k{k.k Hkkxhnkjh nj dk lq>ko nsrs gSaA

2016 esa mPp f'k{kk ldy nkf[kyk vuqikr 37% rd igqap x;k] ysfdu mPp f'k{kk dh dqy ykxr esa futh O;; dk fgLlk c<+ jgk gSA Nk=k Í.k] vuqnku] lfClMh vkSj Nk=ko`fÙk ds :i esa foÙkh; lgk;rk dk vfHkizk; gS fd ;wjksi esa vkerkSj

fp=k 9% ;wjksi esa o;Ld f'k{kk esa Hkkxhnkjh fLFkj cuh gqbZ gS] ysfdu gj ns'k ds #>ku vyx&vyx gSa ;wjksih; la?k vkSj p;fur ns'kksa esa fiNys pkj lIrkg ds nkSjku f'k{kk vkSj çf'k{k.k esa o;Ld Hkkxhnkjh] 2008&2017

LohMu

bVyh

iksySaM

;wukbVsM fdaxMe

;wjksih; la?k

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2009 2011 2013 20152008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2017

%

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4.3

y{; 4-3


47

lkj

ij mPp f'k{kk lcls lLrh gS vkSj mi&lgkjk vQzhdk esa egaxh gS] tgka bldh ykxr vf/dka'k ns'kksa esa vkSlr jk"Vªh; vk; ds 60% ls vf/d gS vkSj fxuh vkSj ;qxkaMk esa yxHkx 300% gSA

vf/dka'k f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dk y{; foÙkh; lgk;rk ij fuHkZj djrk gS] ysfdu y{; fu/kZfjr djus dk izHkko dkQh fHkUu gksrk gSA fo'o cSad ds vkadM+s n'kkZrs gSa fd fuEu vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa] lcls xjhc lewgksa dks] lcls vehj lewgksa dh rqyuk esa ljdkjh Nk=ko`fÙk çkIr djus dh laHkkouk de FkhA fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa lfgr O;kid uhfr iSdst] tSls fd dksyfEc;k vkSj fo;ruke esa gSa] vdsys Nk=ko`fÙk dh rqyuk esa vf/d lQy gks ldrs gSaA

dk;Z dkS'ky

vkbZlhVh vkSj fMftVy lk{kjrk ij oSf'od vkSj fo"k;xr ladsrdksa dk mn~ns'; lk{kjrk vkSj la[;k laca/h Kku ls vf/d dkS'ky vftZr djuk gS tks dk;Z iz/ku bl nqfu;k ds fy, lkoZHkkSfed :i ls egRoiw.kZ gksrs tk jgs gSaA ladsrdksa dh ekax gS fd ljdkjsa Ldwyksa ds ckgj dkS'ky vftZr djus ij fopkj djsaA

vkbZlhVh dkS'ky okys ;qokvksa vkSj o;Ldksa ds oSf'od ladsrd] fiNys rhu eghuksa esa ?kjsyw losZ{k.k }kjk Lo;a fjiksfVaZx vk/kj ij p;fur xfrfof/;ksa ds vuqlkj fy, x, gSaA uohure vkbZVh;w MsVk ls irk pyrk gS fd bZesy ij Qkbyksa dh çfrfyfi cukuk vkSj mls layXu djuk gh ,dek=k dkS'ky Fkk ftls lkekU; eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa rhu yksxksa esa ls ,d }kjk iz;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk( mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa lacaf/r njsa 58% vkSj 70% Fkha (fp=k 10)A ckn esa çksxzkfeax Hkh ekewyh xfrfof/ cu xbZA

fMftVy lk{kjrk dkS'ky ij fo"k;xr ladsrd] vkbZlhVh midj.kksa dk dkQh n{krk ls mi;ksx djrs gSaA fMftVy lk{kjrk ds fy, ,d u, oSf'od <kaps esa ;wjksih; vk;ksx ds fMxdkWEi <kaps dk foLrkj fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa fuEu vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa dh lkaLdfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj çkS|ksfxdh lsfVaXl dks n'kkZus okys tfVy lsV dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] mnkgj.k ds fy, dq'ky fdlkuksa dks eksckby Qksu lsok dk mi;ksx djds [ksrh vkSj O;kikj fu.kZ; ysus gksrs gSa] LekVZQksu ,si ds ekè;e ls mRiknksa dks [kjhnus vkSj cspus ;k ySiVkWi ls tqM+s ueh lsalj dk mi;ksx djds MsVk }kjk lapkfyr flapkbZ ç.kkyh cukus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

Jfed cy losZ{k.k fofo/rk vkSj iznk;dksa dh la[;k dks ns[krs gq, o;Ld f'k{kk dk iz'kklfud vuqeku yxkus ds fy, ,d fof'k"V lzksr gS

mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa nl esa ls rhu bZ&esy ds lkFk Qkbysa layXu djuk ugha tkurs

4.4

y{; 4-4

fp=k 10% vkbZlhVh dkS'ky leku :i ls ugha fn;k tkrk ns'k ds vk; lewg ds vk/kj ij fiNys rhu eghuksa esa daI;wVj ls lacaf/r xfrfof/ djusokys o;Ldksa dk çfr'kr] 2014&2017

lkÝVos;j baLVkWy djsa

LçsM'khV dk mi;ksx djsa

çLrqfr cuk,a

dksM fy[ksa

vuqyXud ds lkFk bZesy djsa

Qkby@QksYMj dkWih djsa

ikB dks dkWih@isLV djsa

midj.kksa ds chp LFkkukarj.k

midj.k dks tksM+sa@baLVkWy djsa

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de eè;e vk;

mPp eè;e vk;

mPp vk;

%

thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g11_1uksV% eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa ds fy, esfM;u de ns'kksa (5 fuEu eè;e vk;] 15 Åijh eè;e vk;) ij vk/kfjr gksrh gS vkSj budh O;k[;k lko/kuh ds lkFk dh tkuh pkfg,Alzksr% vkbZVh;w MsVkcslA

48


bu {kerkvksa dks ekius ds fy, lLrs midj.k dh igpku djuk lcls cM+h pqukSrh cuh gqbZ gSA fMftVy lk{kjrk vkdyu mís';] y{; lewg] oLrqvksa] forj.k] ykxr vkSj ftEesnkj çkf/dkjh ds vuqlkj fHkUu gksrk gSA ,d Qzkalhlh mnkgj.k ds vuqlkj] ukxfjdksa dks fMftVy dkS'ky ewY;kadu] 'kfDr;ksa vkSj dfe;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, fu%'kqYd igqap iznku djuk rFkk f'k{kk lalk/uksa ds fy, flQkfj'ksa djuk Hkkoh rjhdk gks ldrk gSA

m|e'khyrk {kerkvksa dk vkdyu djuk y{; 4-4 Qksdl gS] ftlds fy, dksbZ ladsrd ugha cuk;k x;k gS] ftls blh rjg dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA n`<+rk vkSj Lo&fu;a=k.k lfgr lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed dkS'ky] m|e'khyrk dkS'ky dh foLr`r J`a[kyk esa ls ,d gSa] ysfdu mUgsa ekius ds fy, laLd`fr;ksa esa fofo/rk dh O;k[;k djus esa lko/kuh cjruh pkfg,A vksbZlhMh 10& vkSj 15&o"kZ ds cPpksa esa lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed dkS'ky ij varjkZ"Vªh; vè;;u dh :ijs[kk cuk jgk gSA

lekurk

vkSlru] çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed f'k{kk esa fo'o Lrj ij nkf[kys esa fyax lekurk gksrh gSA gkykafd] vyx&vyx ns'k esa vkSlr vadksa esa ges'kk vlekurk,a gksrh gSaA 2016 esa] 54% ns'kksa us fuEu ekè;fed f'k{kk ukekadu esa vkSj 22% ns'kksa us Åijh ekè;fed esa lekurk çkIr dh FkhA blds vykok] lekurk çkIr djus okys lHkh ns'k bls cuk, ugha j[krs gSaA

LFkku vkSj laifÙk dh n`f"V ls lekiu njksa esa dkQh vlekurk gksrh gSA xzkeh.k Nk=kksa dks vkerkSj ij fuEu vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa (fp=k 11) esa Åijh ekè;fed f'k{kk dks iwjk djus ds fy, vius 'kgjh lg;ksfx;ksa dh rqyuk esa vk/s ekSds gksrs gSaA de rqyukRedrk LFkku&vk/kfjr vlekurk dk vkdyu djrh gS% d`f"k] tula[;k vkdkj] vkcknh ?kuRo] fof'k"V izd`fr dk jk"Vªh; ekunaM ;k mlds fdlh Hkh la;kstu esa yxs etnwjksa dk fgLlk iwjs ns'k esa ^'kgjh* vkSj ^xzkeh.k* LFkku oxhZdj.k fu/kZfjr dj ldrk gSA

fp=k 11% dbZ ns'k Ldwyh f'k{kk ds iwjk gksus] fo'ks"k :i ls ekè;fed f'k{kk esa LFkku vkSj /u lekurk çkIr ugha dj ikrs f'k{kk Lrj }kjk lekiu nj dk fyax] LFkku vkSj /u lek;ksftr lekurk lwpdkad 2014&2017

lekurk

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1.20

0.60

1.40

1.60

1.80

fyax LFkku laifRr

lek;ksft

r le

rk l

wpdkad

izkFkfed

fyax LFkku laifRr

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4.5

y{; 4-5


49

lkj

,lMhth dh fuxjkuh ds leFkZu esa] fDoVks esa 2016 la;qDr jk"Vª i;kZokl AAA lEesyu ds ckn] oSf'od Lrj ij] 'kgjksa vkSj cfLr;ksa dh tu&vk/kfjr ifjHkk"kk 2019 esa vuqeksnu ds fy, fodflr dh tk jgh gSA ;g nwjLFk laosnh MsVk vkSj tux.kuk tkudkjh lfgr ç'kklfud oxhZdj.k dh rqyuk djrk gSA ;g fnypLi gS fd jk"Vªh; ifjHkk"kk,a n'kkZrh gSa fd vQzhdk vkSj ,f'k;k dh vk/h vkcknh 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa jgrh gS] tcfd 2018 ds vuqeku n'kkZrs gSa fd 80% ls vf/d vkcknh 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa jgrh gSaA xzkeh.k f'k{kk ifj.kkeksa ds orZeku vuqekuksa esa dbZ LFkkuh; yksx 'kkfey gks ldrs gSa tks okLro esa 'kgjh gSa] ysfdu xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dk eq[kkSVk vks<+s gq, gSaA

lk{kjrk vkSj la[;k Kku

2016 esa fo'o lk{kjrk nj 86% rd igqap xbZ] tcfd mi&lgkjk vQzhdk esa ;g U;wure 65% rd gSA gky ds o"kksaZ esa ;qok lk{kjrk rsth ds lkFk c<+h gS ftlls 15 ls 24 o"kZ ds vf'kf{kr ;qokvksa dh dqy la[;k esa dkQh deh vkbZ gS] ,slk eq[; :i ls ,f'k;k esa gqvk gSA ysfdu 65 o"kZ vkSj mlls vf/d vk;q oxZ ds cqtqxksaZ dh la[;k c<+rh tk jgh gS( vf'kf{kr ;qokvksa (fp=k 12) dh rqyuk esa vc vf'kf{kr cqtqxZ yxHkx 40% vf/d gSaA

vyx jgus okys vf'kf{kr O;fDr] tks ?kjksa esa jgrs gSa tgka dksbZ Hkh lnL; i<+ ugha ldrk] muds ,d ;k vf/d lk{kj ifjokj okys lnL;ksa ds lkFk jgus okyksa dh rqyuk esa Je cktkj vkSj thou ds ifj.kkeksa dh xq.koÙkk dkQh [kjkc gksrh gSA

xzkeh.k fuokfl;ksa esa vyx jgus okyksa esa fuj{kjrk vf/d gksrh gSA vehj ns'kksa esa] vyx jgus okys vf'kf{kr] f'kf{krksa ds lkFk jgus okys vf'kf{krksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d vf'kf{kr gksrs gSa] tcfd xjhc ns'kksa esa ;g #>ku myVk gSA bldk ,d Li"Vhdj.k ;g gS fd xjhc ns'kksa esa lcls vf'kf{kr ifjokj dh vusd ihf<+;ksa ds chp jgrs gSa vkSj blfy, muds ;qok] vf/d f'kf{kr ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk jgus dh laHkkouk vf/d gksrh gSA

rnuqlkj] lk{kj dk;Zdyki esa vehj ns'kksa esa ,d ;k nks O;fDr;ksa okys ?kjksa esa jgus okys iqjkus cw<+s yksxksa ij vkSj xjhc ns'kksa esa izk;% xzkeh.k bykdksa esa lkekftd&vkfFkZd :i ls gkf'k, ij jgus okys ;qokvksa ij è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

xzkeh.k Nk=kksa dks vkerkSj ij fuEu vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa (fp=k 11) esa Åijh ekè;fed f'k{kk dks iwjk djus ds fy, vius 'kgjh lg;ksfx;ksa dh rqyuk esa vk/s ekSds gksrs gSaA

4.6

y{; 4-6

fp=k 12%vf'kf{kr ;qokvksa dh rqyuk esa vf'kf{kr cqtqxZ yxHkx 40% vf/d gSavf'kf{kr ;qokvksa vkSj cqtqxksaZ dh la[;k] 2010&2016

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20

0

fuj{kj

(yk[k)

cqtqxZ

;qok

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

fo'o

cqtqxZ

;qok


thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g13_1lzksr% ;wvkbZ,l MsVkcslA

50


lrr~ fodkl vkSj oSf'od ukxfjdrk

oSf'od ladsrd ij fjiksfVaZx 83 ns'kksa ij vk/kfjr gS] ftUgksaus ekuokf/dkj vkSj ekSfyd Lora=krk ls lacaf/r varjkZ"Vªh; le>] lg;ksx vkSj 'kkafr f'k{kk ds fy, f'k{kk ls lacaf/r 1974 ;wusLdks flQkfj'k ds dk;kZUo;u ij vk;ksftr NBs ijke'kZ esa Hkkx fy;k FkkA 80% ls vf/d ns'kksa us Nk=k ewY;kadu esa flQkfj'k ds ekxZn'kZd fl¼karksa dks ykxw djus] vkSj mUgsa yxHkx lHkh ikB~;Øeksa esa 'kkfey djus dh lwpuk nhA gkykafd] dsoy 17% ns'kksa us lsokdkyhu f'k{kd f'k{kk dk;ZØeksa esa fl¼karksa dk iwjh rjg ls ikyu fd;k x;k gS (fp=k 13)A

vkbZbZ, varjkZ"Vªh; ukxfjd vkSj ukxfjdrk vè;;u 2016 esa 24 vR;f/d mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa xzsM 8 ds Nk=kksa ds Kku] le>] n`f"Vdks.k] /kj.kkvksa vkSj xfrfof/;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;kA yxHkx 35% Nk=kksa us pkj Lrjksa esa lcls vf/d vad izkIr fd,] tks lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd laxBu dh çfØ;kvksa vkSj mUgsa fu;af=kr djus okys dkuwuh vkSj laLFkkxr iz.kkfy;ksa ds chp laca/ cukus dh {kerk dks n'kkZrk gS] tcfd 13% us fuEure Lrj ;k mlls de vad izkIr fd,A

X;kjg ns'kksa us 2009 vkSj 2016 ds losZ{k.k nkSj ds nkSjku vius vadksa esa dkQh lq/kj fd;k] vkSj fdlh esa Hkh vf/d fxjkoV ugha ns[kh xbZA çfrHkkfx;ksa }kjk tkrh;@uLyh; lewgksa ds çfr leku vf/dkjksa dk leFkZu djus vkSj ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k j[kus esa Hkh lq/kj gqvkA ukxfjdksa vkSj jktuhfrd ekeyksa esa vf/d #fp j[kus okyh efgykvksa] Nk=kksa vkSj ukxfjd Kku dk mPp Lrj j[kus okys yksxksa us vf/d ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k viuk;kA O;fDrxr izHkkfor djus okys yksx Ldwy izfØ;kvksa dh xq.koÙkk] tSls fd Nk=k&f'k{kd laca/] ukxfjd f'k{kk vkSj Ldwyksa ,oa d{kk ppkZvksa esa [kqysiu dh xq.koÙkk rFkk ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k ls yxkrkj tqM+s jgsA

fp=k 13%dsoy 17% ns'kksa esa lsokdkyhu f'k{kd f'k{kk esa ekuokf/dkjksa vkSj ekSfyd Lora=krk fl¼karksa dk iwjh rjg ls ikyu fd;k x;k gSA mu ns'kksa dk çfr'kr ftUgksaus 1974 dh ;wusLdks flQkfj'k ds fl¼karksa dks viuh f'k{kk uhfr] f'k{kd f'k{kk vkSj ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey fd;k gS] 2012&2016

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;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vesfjdk,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar

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fo'o

thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g14_1lzksr% ;wusLdks (2018)A

4.7

y{; 4-7


51

lkj

f'k{kk lqfo/k,a vkSj lh[kus dk okrkoj.k

oSf'od Lrj ij] 69% Ldwyksa esa is;ty gS] 66% esa 'kkSpky; gSa vkSj 53% esa cqfu;knh lsok Lrj ij LoPNrk gS ;k csgrj LoPNrk gS (fp=k 14)A tkWMZu esa] 93% Ldwyksa esa is;ty gS] ysfdu 33% esa cqfu;knh LoPNrk O;oLFkk gSA yscuku esa] yxHkx 93% esa cqfu;knh LoPNrk gS] ysfdu 60% esa ewy is;ty O;oLFkk gSA ekè;fed Ldwyksa dh rqyuk esa çkFkfed Ldwyksa esa fuEu lsok xq.koÙkk gSA

f'k{kk ds ekgkSy esa lqj{kk vkSj lekos'k ds dqN igyqvksa dh iwjh rjg ls fuxjkuh dh tkrh gSA Mjkus&/edkus tSlh vo/kj.kkvksa dk fo'o dh ekud ifjHkk"kkvksa esa dksbZ mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS] vkSj losZ{k.k O;kid :i ls fHkUu gksrs

gSaA ,d vè;;u esa yxk, x, vuqeku ds vuqlkj 11 ls 15 o"kZ ds yxHkx 40% yM+dksa vkSj 35% yM+fd;ksa dks Mjk;k&/edk;k tkrk gSA Ldwyksa esa 'kkjhfjd naM ij dkuwuh çfrca/ yxkus okys ns'kksa dh la[;k 2014 ds var esa 122 ls c<+dj 131 gks xbZ gSA

f'k{kk dks geys ls cpkus ds fy, fd, x, oSf'od xBca/u ds vuqlkj] 2013 vkSj 2017 ds chp] f'k{kk ij 12]700 ls vf/d geys gq,] ftlls 21]000 ls vf/d Nk=kksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks uqdlku gqvkA fjiksVZ dh xbZ ?kVukvksa esa Ldwyksa] Nk=kksa vkSj f'k{kk dfeZ;ksa ij 'kkjhfjd geys gq, ;k geyksa dh /efd;ka feyha( f'k{kk Hkouksa dk

lSU; mi;ksx fd;k x;k( l'kL=k nyksa }kjk Ldwy ;k fo'ofo|ky; esa cky HkrhZ dh xbZ ;k vkus&tkus ds nkSjku ;kSu mRihM+u fd;k x;k( vkSj mPp f'k{kk ij geys fd, x,A 28 ns'kksa esa de ls de 20 geys gq,( ukbthfj;k] fQyhihal vkSj ;eu ns'kksa esa 1]000 ls vf/d geys gq,A

buesa dqN geyksa ds vkadM+s ugha gSa] ftuesa bDdk&nqDdk canwd/kfj;ksa vkSj vkijkf/d fxjksgksa }kjk Ldwy esa dh xbZ xksyhckjh 'kkfey ugha gSA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa] 1999 ds ckn ls 193 Ldwyksa esa de ls de 187]000 Nk=kksa us Ldwy esa xksyhckjh dk lkeuk fd;k gSA

fp=k 14%10 Ldwyksa esa ls 7 ls de esa is;ty cqfu;knh lsok Lrj ij gSlsok Lrj] 2016 }kjk Ldwyksa esa is;ty dk forj.k] lkQ&lQkbZ vkSj LoPNrk

19

12

69

23

12

66

36

11

53

100

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0

Ldwy

(%)

dksbZ lsok ugh

lhfer

cqfu;knh

is;ty lkQ&lQkbZ LoPNrk

thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g15_1fVIi.kh% la[;k,a iw.kkZafdr gSa] blfy, budk ;ksx 100% ugha Hkh gks ldrk gSA lzksr% ;wfulsQ vkSj MCY;w,pvks (2018)A

4.a

y{; 4-d

2013 vkSj 2017 ds chp] f'k{kk ij 12]700 ls vf/d geys gq,

52


Nk=ko`fÙk;ka

lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa }kjk foÙk&iksf"kr Nk=kofÙk 2010 ls yxHkx 1-1 fcfy;u vejhdh MkWyj ls 1-2 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj (ykxw Nk=k ykxr dks NksM+dj) rd fLFkj jgh gSA gkykafd] ;g ladsrd Nk=kofÙk çkIr djus okyksa dh la[;k ;k lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa ds ckgj forfjr Nk=kofÙk ds çkIr djus okyksa dh la[;k ds ckjs esa dksbZ tkudkjh çnku ugha djrk gSA

tcfd varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij dkQh cM+h la[;k esa Nk=k vius {ks=kksa ls ckgj pys tkrs gSa] tcfd ;wjksi ls varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij tkus okys vf/dka'k Nk=k bl {ks=k esa gh jgrs gSa] mudk vkokxeu lfØ; :i ls Nk=k fofue; dk;ZØeksa ij vk/kfjr gksrh gSA vè;;u ds Lrj ls mudh ckgj tkus dh nj c<+ tkrh gS] Lukrd dh fMxzh ds fy, 3%] ekLVj dh fMxzh ds fy, 6% vkSj MkWDVjsV dh fMxzh ds fy, 10% (fp=k 15)A

mPp f'k{kk 2020 csapekdZ esa bZ;w f'k{kk eksfcfyVh ls irk pyrk gS fd ;wjksih; la?k esa de ls de 20% mPp f'k{kk Lukrdksa us de ls de 3 eghus ;k ;wjksih; ØsfMV varj.k iz.kkyh esa 15 ØsfMV ds cjkcj fons'k esa vè;;u fd;k gksxkA

x`g laLFkku ØsfMV ds fy, vLFkk;h eksfcfyVh dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, MsVk çnku dj ldrs gSa( xarO; ns'kksa dks fMxzh eksfcfyVh ds fy, MsVk çnku djuk gksxkA ;wjksih; la?k ds ns'kksa ds fy,] fjiksVZ djuk vfuok;Z gS] ysfdu ;wjksi ds ckgj ;wjksih; la?k ds Nk=kksa ds fy, eq[; xarO; ns'kksa esa] dsoy vkWLVªsfy;k]

czkthy] dukMk] fpyh] btjkby vkSj U;wthySaM vko';d MsVk çnku djrs gSaA phu] Hkkjr] tkiku] esfDldks vkSj dksfj;k x.kjkT; ds lkFk la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk MsVk iznku ugha djrkA v/wjh dojst dks ns[krs gq,] miyC/ vuqeku (orZeku esa 20% ls de) laHkkfor :i ls ckgjh eksfcfyVh dks de vkadrs gSaA

fp=k 15%;wjksi esa] vè;;u ds Lrj ls Nk=k ds ckgj tkus dh nj c<+ tkrh gSf'k{kk Lrj ds varjkZ"Vªh; ekud oxhZdj.k }kjk fons'k esa fMxzh izkIr djus dh nj] p;fur ;wjksih; ns'k] 2013

ckgj

h fMxzh

eksckby Lukrd

(%)

0

10

20

30

80

90

50

60

70

40

0

2

4

6

16

10

12

14

8

vkbZ,llhbZMh 6

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thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g16_3fVIi.kh% vkbZ,llhbZMh ¾ varjkZ"Vªh; f'k{kk ekud oxhZdj.k] ftlesa Lukrd dh fMxzh (vkbZ,llhbZMh 6)_ LukrdksRrj fMxzh ;k led{k (vkbZ,llhbZMh 7)_ vkSj MkWDVjsV dh fMxzh ;k led{k (vkbZ,llhbZMh 8) 'kkfey gSA lzksr% Qfylh ,oa vU; (2015)A


53

lkj

f'k{kd

f'k{kd ls lacaf/r ladsrdksa ij varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij rqyukRed MsVk ,d=k djuk pqukSrhiw.kZ cuk gqvk gSA vis{kkdr dqN ns'k] fo'ks"k :i ls ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fy,] f'k{kd dh x.kuk dh lcls cqfu;knh ifjHkk"kk dk mi;ksx djrs gq, rqyukRed MsVk j[krs gSa] ftlesa ç'kklfud inksa esa f'k{k.k ds ?kaVksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dh la[;k dks vuns[kk fd;k tkrk gSA

de vkSj fuEu eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa dks çf'kf{kr vkSj ;ksX; çkFkfed Ldwy ds f'k{kdksa dh xaHkhj deh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA dqN mi&lgkjk vQzhdh ns'kksa esa HkrhZ nj mPp gS] tks f'k{kd dh f'k{kk {kerk lhfer gksus ij nkf[kyk ekudksa dks laHkkfor :i ls de dj nsrk gSA vaxksyk esa] 2010 esa ikap f'k{kdksa esa ls ,d ls vf/d f'k{kd (21%) dh ubZ HkrhZ dh xbZ Fkh] ysfdu vk/s ls de (45%) çf'kf{kr Fks (fp=k 16)A

mPp HkrhZ nj flQZ f'k{kk foLrkj dks gh ugha n'kkZrh gS( os fjfDr dks Hkjus ds fy, vko';d gks ldrs gSaA NksM+dj tkus dk MsVk vLFkk;h gks tkrk gS vkSj bldh O;k[;k djuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA lVhd vuqekuksa ds fy, dfeZ;ksa ds MsVk dh vko';drk gksrh gS tks igpku la[;k fufnZ"V djrs gSa] blfy, O;fDr;ksa dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd os ;ksX;rk] nkf[kyk] fudklh vkSj is'ks esa fQj ls nkf[kyk ysrs gSaA MsVk ls NksM+dj tkus okyksa vkSj nkf[kyk ysus okyksa] fQj ls nkf[kyk ysus okyksa dk irk pyuk pkfg,A NksM+dj tkus okyksa dh fuxjkuh djus vkSj fofo/ izko/ku okyh iz.kkyh esa lHkh çdkj ds Ldwyksa ij lwpuk ds fy, ,d jk"Vªh; ç.kkyh dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ysfdu izk;% miyC/ tkudkjh dsoy LFkkuh; (tSls czkthy) ;k dsoy lkoZtfud Ldwyksa (tSls ;wxkaMk) ls lacaf/r gksrh gSA

fpyh] LohMu vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk lfgr vU; ns'kksa es fd, x, vuqla/ku ls mu f'k{kdksa ds NksM+dj tkus dh ?kVuk,a vf/d gqbZ gSa tks de vuqHkoh] vf/d ;ksX; (vkSj blfy, dgha vkSj vf/d lsok ;ksX;) Fks] ftUgsa vf/d pqukSrhiw.kZ ;k xzkeh.k Ldwyksa esa j[kk x;k Fkk] tgka mUgsa de Hkqxrku fd;k x;k ;k vYidkfyd vuqca/ksa ij j[kk x;k FkkA gkykafd] vkWLVªsfy;k esa fu/kZfjr le;kof/ vè;;uksa dks ns[kus ls irk pyrk gS fd vf/dka'k f'k{kd tks NksM+dj pys x, Fks] mUgksaus ,slk ifjokj ds dkj.kksa ls fd;k Fkk vkSj os nks o"kZ ds vanj is'ks esa ykSV vk, FksA

fp=k 16:mPp f'k{kk HkrhZ njksa ds lkFk f'k{kd ds f'k{kk ekudksa dks cuk, j[kuk eqf'dy gSubZ f'k{kd HkrhZ dh nj vkSj çf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dk çfr'kr] çkFkfed f'k{kk] p;fur mi&lgkjk vQzhdh ns'k] 2010&2014

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, Hkrh

Z f'k{kd

(%)

30

40

50

0

10

20

100

70

80

90

60

0 5 10 15 20 5

ubZ Hkrh Z f'k{kd (%)


4.c

y{; 4-x

54


f'k{kk vkSj vU; ,lMhthbl fjiksVZ esa ;g tkap dh xbZ fd f'k{kk dSls O;kolkf;d {kerk c<+kdj izfrf"Br dk;Z] lk/u laiUu 'kgjksa vkSj U;k; ds fofHkUu rjhdksa ls lacaf/r ,lMhth dh miyfC/ dks c<+k ldrh gSA

izfrf"Br dk;Z vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl ij ,lMhth 8 çkIr djus ds fy, dbZ ns'kksa esa i;kZIr :i ls çf'kf{kr lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ de gSaA bfFk;ksfi;k esa] 60% lkoZtfud {ks=k ds lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa us lk{kkRdkj esa dgk fd mUgsa laxr f'k{kk dh deh gSA dqN ns'k çf'k{k.k ç;klksa dks c<+k jgs gSa% phu dk mís'; 2020 rd 230]000 u, lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ cukuk gSA nf{k.k vQzhdk esa] 2010 ls 2015 ds chp lkekftd Jfedksa dh la[;k esa 70% dh of¼ gqbZ gSA

'kgjksa esa jgus okyh vk/s ls vf/d vkcknh] ftUgksaus lk/u laiUu 'kgjksa vkSj leqnk;ksa ij ,lMhth 11 çkIr dj fy;k gS] ds fy, 'kgjh ;kstukdkjksa }kjk vLFkk;h cfLr;ksa esa lq/kj djuk vkSj Hkfo"; esa c<+ksrjh ds fy, rS;kj jguk visf{kr gSA dbZ ns'kksa dks fu;kstu is'ksojksa (fp=k 17) dh xaHkhj deh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA 2031 rd Hkkjr dks 300]000 'kgj ,oa ns'k fu;kstdksa dh t:jr gS( 2011 esa] ;s yxHkx 4]500 FksA ;kstuk dk;ZØeksa dks f'k{kk lfgr 'kkjhfjd] i;kZoj.k vkSj lkekftd fu;kstu dks ,dhd`r djus dh vko';drk gSA eykoh] ekstkfEcd vkSj ukehfc;k lfgr ns'kksa esa LFkkuh; vf/dkfj;ksa dks ;kstuk {kerkvksa esa lq/kj djus dh vko';drk gSA

'kkafr] U;k; vkSj lqn`<+ laLFkkuksa ij ,lMhth 16 çkIr djus ds fy,] dkuwu ykxw djus okys vf/dkfj;ksa dh f'k{kk vko';drkvksa vkSj çf'k{k.k dks lq/kjus dh vko';drk gS rkfd fo'okl dk;e djus rFkk iwokZxzg vkSj cy mi;ksx de djus esa enn fey ldsA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa] teZuh esa 130 lIrkg dh rqyuk esa vkSlr iqfyl çf'k{k.k 19 lIrkg dk fn;k x;kA vesfjdh iqfyl foHkkxksa esa ls dsoy 1% dks pkj o"kZ dh fo'ofo|ky; dh fMxzh dh vko';drk gksrh gS( fo'ofo|ky; dh fMxzh izkIr vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk cy dk mi;ksx de fd, tkus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA flaxkiqj lfgr dqN ns'kksa us iqfyl Hkz"Vkpkj dks jksdus ds fy, çf'k{k.k fn;k gS( baMksusf'k;k tSls vU; yksxksa us iqfyl is'ksoj {kerk c<+kus ds fy, varjjk"Vªh; Hkkxhnkjksa ds lkFk lg;ksx fd;k gSA

nqfu;k Hkj esa vuqekfur 4 fcfy;u yksxksa dks U;k; ugha feyrk gS] bldk vFkZ gS fd dkuwuh {kerk dks cukus dh vko';drk gSA U;kf;d f'k{kk izR;sd ns'k esa vyx&vyx gksrh gSA çf'k{k.k vkerkSj ij rhu ls ikap o"kZ rd fn;k tkrk gS] ysfdu mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa Hkh U;k;k/h'k cuus ds fy, dkuwu dh fMxzh gksuk ges'kk dksbZ vfuok;Z 'krZ ugha gksrh gSA Qzkal lfgr dqN ns'kksa esa U;k;k/h'kksa dk p;u djus ds ckn i;kZIr çkjafHkd is'ksoj çf'k{k.k çnku dh tkrh gSA ?kkuk vkSj tkWMZu tSls ns'kksa esa U;k;k/h'kksa ds fy, f'k{kk laLFkku fo|eku gSaA

fp=k 17:vQzhdk vkSj ,f'k;k esa cgqr de 'kgjh ;kstukdkj gSap;fur ns'kksa esa çfr 100]000 O;fDr 'kgjh ;kstukdkjksa dh la[;k vkSj 'kgjhdj.k nj

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cqfdZuk Qklks

la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk

'kgj

hdj.k nj

(%)

40

0

20

100

80

60

0 10 3020 40izfr 100]000 yksxksa ij ;kstukdkj

ukbthfj;k

thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g18_2uksV% vusd ;kstukdkjksa ds MsVk 2011 ls fy, x, gSa tcfd 'kgjhdj.k nj 2014 dh gSA lzksr% ;w,uMhbZ,l, (2014)( la;qDr jk"Vª&i;kZokl (2016[k)A


55

lkj

foÙkf'k{kk foÙk&iks"k.k ds rhu eq[; lzksr ljdkj] nkrk vkSj ifjokj gSaA bl fjiksVZ ds fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyk gS fd nqfu;k Hkj esa f'k{kk ij okf"kZd [kpZ dk vuqeku 4-7 fVªfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj gSA blesa ls 3 fVªfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj mPPk vk; okys ns'kksa esa [kpZ fd, tkrs gSa (dqy [kpZ dk 65%) vkSj dqy 22 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj (dqy [kpZ dk 0-5%) fuEu vk; okys ns'kksa esa [kpZ fd, tkrs gSa] ;|fi nksuksa lewgksa esa Ldwy tkus okys cPpksa dh vk;q yxHkx cjkcj gSA ljdkj dqy O;; dk 21% [kpZ djrh gS tcfd ifjokj 12% [kpZ djrs gSaA de vk; okys ns'kksa esa nkrk dqy f'k{kk O;; dk 12% ogu djrs gSa tcfd fuEu eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa 2% ogu djrs gSa (fp=k 18[k)A

fp=k 18%ljdkj f'k{kk ij [kpZ fd, x, ikap MkWyj esa ls pkj MkWyj dk [kpZ mBkrh gS21 mPp vk; okys ns'kksa ds ikB~;Øe esa cgqlkaLd`frdokn 'kkfey djuk

ifjokj nkrk ljdkj

vesfjd

h MkWyj fVªfy

;u e

sa

de vk; mPp vk;de eè;e vk;

mPp eè;e vk;

de vk; mPp vk;de eè;e vk;

mPp eè;e vk;

d- ns'k vk; lewg vkSj foRr&iks"k.k L=kksr }kjk f'k{kk ij dqy [kpZ] 2014 ;k uohure o"kZ

[k- ns'k vk; lewg vkSj foRr&iks"k.k L=kksr }kjk f'k{kk ij dqy [kpZ dk fooj.k] 2014 ;k

uohure o"kZ

thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g19_1 uksV% fo'ys"k.k rhu ekU;rkvksa ij fuHkZj djrk gS% (d) lkoZtfud O;; MsVk ds fcuk okys ns'kksa ds fy,] jkf'k thMhih ls yh dh xbZ] thMhih ds Hkkx ds :i esa lkoZtfud O;; vkSj lacaf/r ns'k vk; lewg esa f'k{kk ds fy, vkoafVr lkoZtfud O;; dk vkSlr fgLlk( ([k) 60% lgk;rk O;; dks lkoZtfud ctV (blfy, ljdkjh O;; ls ?kVk;k x;k) esa n'kkZ;k x;k ekuk tkrk gS] 'ks"k 40% vU; pSuyksa ds ekè;e ls vkoafVr fd;k tkrk gS( vkSj (x) mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa dqy vk; O;; esa ?kjsyw fgLlk 18%] eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa 25% vkSj de vk; okys ns'kksa esa 33% gksus dk vuqeku gSA lzksr% ;wvkbZ,l (ljdkjh vkSj ?kjsyw) vkSj lhvkj,l (nkrk) MsVkcsl ds vk/kj ij thbZ,e fjiksVZ Vhe fo'ys"k.kA

nqfu;k Hkj esa f'k{kk ij ok-f"kZd [kpZ dk vuqeku 4-7 fVªfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj gS ftlesa ls 65% mPPk vk; okys ns'kksa esa [kpZ fd, tkrs gSa

56


ljdkjh O;; oSf'od Lrj ij] 2016 esa vkSlr lkoZtfud f'k{kk O;; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk 4-6% Fkk] tks {ks=k }kjk f'k{kk 2030 dk;Z QzseodZ esa fufnZ"V 4% ds U;wure csapekdZ ls vf/d Fkk_ ;g iwohZ vkSj nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;k esa 3-6% ls ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjhfc;kbZ esa 5-3% rd FkkA f'k{kk ds fy, lefiZr dqy lkoZtfud O;; dk vkSlr fgLlk 14% Fkk] tks 15% U;wure csapekdZ ls de FkkA blesa {ks=kh; nj ;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vesfjdk esa 11-3% ls ysdj ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjhfc;kbZ esa 19-1% FkhA dqy feykdj] 143 ns'kksa esa ls 39 ns'k dksbZ Hkh csapekdZ iwjk ugha djrsA

çkFkfed f'k{kk ds fy, lefiZr lkoZtfud f'k{kk O;; dk vkSlr fgLlk 35% gS] tks de vk; okys ns'kksa esa 47% ls ysdj mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa 26% gSA oSf'od vkSlr ds :i esa ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fy, dqy f'k{kk [kpZ dk 35% vkoafVr fd;k x;k Fkk( mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa ;g lhek 27% ls mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa 37% FkhA ;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vesfjdk ds ns'k çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed Nk=k izR;sd ij leku jkf'k [kpZ djrs gSaA mi&lgkjk vQzhdk izR;sd çkFkfed Nk=k dh rqyuk esa ekè;fed Nk=k ij 10 xquk vf/d [kpZ djrk gSA

lkoZtfud cgl esa izk;% estcku leqnk; fgr ij vkçoklu ds udkjkRed çHkko ij è;ku dsafær fd;k tkrk gSA ,d vksj] vkçoklh yksxksa ds dkedkth mez ds ewy fuoklh ds leku gksus dh vf/d laHkkouk jgrh gS ysfdu vke rkSj ij os de dj jktLo vftZr djrs gSa D;ksafd os de dekrs gSaA nwljh vksj] vkçokfl;ksa ds lkekftd ykHk ij fuHkZj jgus vkSj f'k{kk tSlh lkoZtfud lsokvksa dk mi;ksx djus dh vf/d laHkkouk jgrh gSA gkykafd] vkçoklh cPpksa ij lkoZtfud f'k{kk O;; dks lcls vPNk fuos'k ekuk tkrk gS% os vkerkSj ij muds thoudky esa mUgsa izkIr lqfo/kvksa ls vf/d ;ksxnku djrs gSaA vkçoklu ds foÙkh; ifj.kke vis{kkd`r ekewyh gSa & tks vkerkSj ij ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk 1% gSa] pkgs ldkjkRed gksa ;k udkjkRedA

lgk;rk O;;2016 esa] f'k{kk ds fy, lgk;rk 2002 esa fjdkWMZ j[kuk 'kq: djus ds ckn ls vius mPpre Lrj rd igqap xbZA 2015 dh rqyuk esa] f'k{kk lgk;rk 1-5 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj] ;k okLrfod vk/kj ij 13% c<+dj 13-4 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj rd igqap xbZA cqfu;knh f'k{kk ds fy, lgk;rk o`f¼ dk nks&frgkbZ cSBrh gS( ekè;fed vkSj ekè;fed i'pkr~ f'k{kk dh lgk;rk de nj ij c<+h] blfy, dqy f'k{kk lgk;rk esa cqfu;knh f'k{kk dk fgLlk 45% ij vius mPpre Lrj rd igqap x;kA

cqfu;knh f'k{kk ds fy, lgk;rk forj.k vHkh Hkh vko';drk okys ns'kksa dks vkoafVr ugha fd;k x;k gSA de vk; okys ns'kksa dks cqfu;knh f'k{kk lgk;rk dk fgLlk 2002 esa 36% ls ?kVdj 2016 esa 22% gks x;kA 2016 esa lcls de fodflr ns'kksa dk fgLlk 34% Fkk] tks 2004 ds 47% ls de FkkA

fuEu eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa dks Hkh foÙk&iks"k.k dh deh dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA bu ns'kksa esa f'k{kk ds fy, cgqi{kh; fodkl cSad Í.k de jgrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] 2002 ls 2017 ds chp f'k{kk dk vkSlr fgLlk varjjk"Vªh; fodkl la?k (vkbZMh,) ls fj;k;rh Í.k ds fy, 10-5% Fkk] ysfdu varjkZ"Vªh; iqufuZekZ.k vkSj fodkl cSad (vkbZchvkjMh) ls xSj&fj;k;rh Í.k ds fy, ;g dsoy 6-4% FkkA blds vykok] vkbZchvkjMh Í.k esa f'k{kk dk fgLlk 2012 esa 8-2% ls fxjdj 2017

esa 4-7%] ;k ÅtkZ vkSj fudklh {ks=k (fp=k 19) ds fy, ,d&pkSFkkbZ jkf'k gks x;kA fuEu eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa f'k{kk ds fy, fodkl cSad Í.k c<+kus ds laca/ esa f'k{kk ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; foÙk lqfo/k LFkkfir djus gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; oSf'od f'k{kk volj foÙk&iks"k.k vk;ksx }kjk fopkj&foe'kZ tkjh gSA

de vk; okys ns'kksa dks cqfu;knh f'k{kk lgk;rk dk fgLlk 2002 esa 36% ls ?kVdj 2016 esa 22% gks x;kA


57

lkj

fp=k 19:fo'o cSad xSj&fj;k;rh Í.k dk U;wu vkSj ?kVrk fgLlk f'k{kk ij [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSdqy vkbZMh, vkSj vkbZchvkjMh Í.k dk fgLlk] f'k{kk cuke ÅtkZ ,oa fudklh] 2002&2017

9.7

19.6

9.1

4.7

f'k{kk

ÅtkZ vkSj fudklh

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10

0

5

25

20

15

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vkbZMh,

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vkbZchvkjMh

thbZ,e LVkVZfyad% http://bit.ly/fi g19_9lzksr% p;fur fo'o cSad okf"kZd fjiksVksZa ds vk/kj ij thbZ,e fjiksVZ Vhe fo'ys"k.kA

iyk;u dks de djus ds fy, lgk;rk dk ,d lk/u ds :i esa mi;ksx djuk;g fopkj/kjk fd cká lgk;rk iyk;u dks de dj ldrh gS dks uhfrxr vk/kj ij dqN leFkZu çkIr gqvk gSA ewy ns'kksa esa fuoy vk; c<+us ls çeq[k çoklu çksRlkgu de gks tk,xkA iyk;u ij ;wjksih; ,tsaMk vkSj dqN ns'kksa dh lgk;rk uhfr;ka bl fopkj dk leFkZu djrh gSaA

210 ewy ns'kksa ls 22 nkrk (vkSj xarO;) ns'kksa esa gq, iyk;u ds ,d vè;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd cM+h la[;k esa çokfl;ksa dks Hkstus okys ns'kksa dks cM+h ek=kk esa fons'kh lgk;rk feyh gSA gkykafd] laca/ksa ds dkj.k vkSj izHkko dks LFkkfir djuk eqf'dy gSA ;fn lgk;rk xjhc ifjokjksa rd igqaprh gS] rks ;g mudh çokl ykxr dk foÙkiks"k.k djus esa enn dj ldrh gSA lgk;rk nkrk ns'kksa vkSj de çokfl;ksa dh ysunsu ykxr ij Hkh tkudkjh c<+k ldrh gS] ftlls çoklu dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA blfy, uhfr fuekZrkvksa dks iyk;u dks fu;af=kr djus esa lgk;rk D;k Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gS]

dh laHkkoukvksa ij fopkj djus dh vko';drk gSA

fo'ks"k :i ls] çoklu ij f'k{kk lgk;rk dk çHkko] mlds NksVs vkdkj ds dkj.k irk yxkuk cgqr gh eqf'dy gSA Hkys gh f'k{kk ds fy, lgk;rk] çoklu dks de djus esa enn djrh gS] fQj Hkh ,slk 'kh?kz djus dh laHkkouk ugha gSA gkykafd] ewy vkSj xarO; nksuksa ns'kksa ds fy, çoklu esa f'k{kk dh egRoiw.kZ eè;LFk Hkwfedk gks ldrh gSA mÙkjh vQzhdk ls vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa çoklu ds #>kuksa ij fd, x, ,d vè;;u esa ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k fd ewy ns'kksa esa lgk;rk iznku djus ls vk; esa o`f¼ fuEu f'k{kk okys çokfl;ksa ds fy, vkxs c<+us esa lgk;d lkfcr gqbZ FkhA ysfdu ;fn Ldwy vkSj LFkkuh; lkoZtfud lsok,a larks"ktud gksa rks iyk;u dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA vkSj dqy

feykdj] xarO; ns'k dh tulkaf[;dh; fo'ks"krk,a&vkcknh ?kuRo] 'kgjh tula[;k o`f¼] vk;q fuHkZjrk vuqikr&vkSj xarO; ns'kksa esa f'k{kk ds fy, iqjLdkj] lgk;rk ds Lrj dh rqyuk esa çoklu njksa dks fu/kZfjr djus esa vf/d egRoiw.kZ FkhA

f'k{kk ds fy, ekuoh; lgk;rk dh çHkko'khyrk esa lq/kjekuorkoknh lgk;rk yxkrkj pkSFks o"kZ 2017 esa c<+h] oSf'od ekuorkoknh foÙk iks"k.k 450 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj rd igqap x;kA gkykafd] dqy ekuorkoknh lgk;rk esa f'k{kk dk fgLlk de ls de 4% ds y{; ls cgqr de 2-1% FkkA vU; {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa f'k{kk Hkh ,sfrgkfld :i ls foÙk iksf"kr vko';drkvksa ds lcls de 'ks;jksa esa ls ,d gSA

varjjk"Vªh; lgk;rk vkSj iyk;u ds izokg ds chp laca/ dk;e djuk eqf'dy gksrk gS

58


gkykafd] 2016 fo'o ekuorkoknh f'k[kj lEesyu esa cgqi{kh; f'k{kk dh LFkkiuk ds fy, vkikrdky esa f'k{kk dh ,d ubZ opuc¼rk ^f'k{kk bartkj ugha dj ldrh (bZlhMCY;w) fuf/* dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA

;fn leUo; iz.kkyh dh dbZ ijrsa gksa rks nksuksa yacor (oSf'od ls LFkkuh;) vkSj {kSfrt ({ks=kksa vkSj dkjd) nksuksa] ekuorkoknh lgk;rk dks tfVy cukrh gSa vkSj vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr esa f'k{kk ds fgLls dks c<+kuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA la;qDr jk"Vª lesfdr gLr{ksi nks rjhdksa ls vk;ksftr fd, tkrs gSaA ekuoh; çfrfØ;k ;kstuk (,pvkjih) vkerkSj ij ,d o"kZ ls vf/d ds fy, fdlh ns'k dh j.kuhfr çnku djrs gSaA rRdky vihy esa rhu ls Ng ekg esa xaHkhj t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, vpkud vkikr fLFkfr ls fuiVus dk çLrko fd;k tkrk gSA ,pvkjih esa f'k{kk ls lacaf/r lkexzh lhfer gS] vkSj f'k{kk vDlj vihyksa esa çnf'kZr ugha gksrh gSA

varjjk"Vªh; ekuoh; lgk;rk O;; ds fy, dksbZ vfuok;Z fjiksfVaZx iz.kkyh ugha gS] ftlls f'k{kk [kpZ dh iwjh fuxjkuh djuk eqf'dy gks jgk gSA vksbZlhMh fodkl lgk;rk lfefr ØsfMVj fjiksfVaZx iz.kkyh MsVkcsl {ks=k }kjk MsVk dks foHkkftr ugha djrh gSA ekuorkoknh ekeyksa ds leUo; ds fy, LoSfPNd la;qDr jk"Vª dk;kZy; foÙkh; fuxjkuh lsok f'k{kk dh fuxjkuh djrh gS] ysfdu 2017 esa foÙk&iks"k.k dk 42% cgqís'kh; Js.kh esa Fkk] ftls {ks=kksa ;k xSj&fufnZ"V {ks=kksa esa lk>k fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i laHkor% xyr f'k{kk [kpZ vuqeku izkIr gq, FksA

f'k{kk dk vYi iks"k.k dbZ {ks=kksa esa vi;kZIrrk ds dkj.k gksrk gS% jktuhfrd bPNk'kfDr] yacor vkSj {kSfrt leUo;] ekuorkoknh dkjd vkSj lwpuk ;k mÙkjnkf;Ro iz.kkyhA

2015 ds ,d ykxr vè;;u us 8-5 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj ds foÙk&iks"k.k varj dk vuqeku yxk;k] ftls varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk; }kjk doj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g çfr cPps 113 vesfjdh MkWyj gS&vFkkZr~ orZeku çfr Nk=k [kpZ esa nl xquk o`f¼A bZlhMCY;w dk y{; çfr o"kZ 1-5 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj tqVkuk gS vkSj 2021 rd 1-2 çfr'kr vadksa ls f'k{kk ds fgLls dh ekuoh; lgk;rk esa o`f¼ djuk gSA blds Hkkxhnkjksa dks fodkl lgk;rk ds Hkhrj ekuoh; mís';ksa dks çkFkfedrk nsus ;k ekuorkoknh lgk;rk ds Hkhrj f'k{kk dh çkFkfedrk esa o`f¼ djus ds fy, fuf/;ka tqVkus ds ç;klksa dks lk>k djus dh vko';drk gksxhA

laxBu ftu dk;Zdykiksa dks dk;kZfUor djrs gSa] muds vuqlkj ;kstuk,a fu/kZfjr ugha dh tkuh pkfg, (cfYd] ,sls dk;Z fd, tkus pkfg, tks vPNh xq.koÙkk okyh lexz vkSj U;k;laxr f'k{kk çnku djrs gSaA oSf'od f'k{kk lewg us vko';drkvksa dk vkdyu djus ds fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k LFkkfir fd, gSaA ,d çeq[k u, dkjd ds :i esa] bZlhMCY;w bu fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dks Hkkxhnkjksa dh vko';drk ds vuqlkj dk;ZØe fMtkbu esa mi;ksx djus vkSj mudh {kerk fodflr djus ds fy, ykxw dj ldrk gSA

ekuoh; lgk;rk dks eq[; dkjdksa esa vkSj muds chp leUo; ds fy, la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk gSA cgqvk;keh ekuorkoknh dk;Zdyki ;kstukvksa esa f'k{kk egRoiw.kZ gksuh pkfg,A ckaXykns'k esa jksfgaX;k ladV esa] f'k{kk dks jkgr çfrfØ;k ds igys pj.k ls 'kkfey fd;k x;k Fkk] vkSj f'k{kk lsok forj.k cgqr tYnh 'kq: gqvk FkkA gkykafd] leUo; dh deh dk vFkZ gS fd lh[kus ds dsaæ dHkh&dHkh [kkyh jgrs Fks] D;ksafd f'k{kk ls vyx dk;Zdyki cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds le; esa ck/k curs FksA

ladV esa cPpksa dh lcls cqfu;knh f'k{kk vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds ekuoh; lgk;rk esa f'k{kk ds fgLls dh vko';drk gksxh---

--- 10 xquk o`f¼


59

lkj

ekuorkoknh vkSj fodkl dkjdksa ds chp la;qDr ;kstuk dh Hkh vko';drk gSA tcfd cgqvk;keh ;kstuk us jksfgaX;k ekuoh; çfrfØ;k esa f'k{kk O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djus esa enn dh] ysfdu mlus ckaXykns'kh f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa 'kkfey gksuk lqfuf'pr ugha fd;kA nh?kZdkyhu ladVksa esa cgq o"khZ; vihyksa dks de fd;k x;k gS] vkSj jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ;kstukvksa us ,sfrgkfld :i ls yphykiu ;k ladV çfrfØ;k ij è;ku dsafær ugha fd;k gSA ;wxkaMk esa vYidkfyd ekuorkoknh f'k{kk ;kstuk <kaps dks vkSj vf/d <kapkxr fo"k;ksa ds lkFk tksM+k tkuk t:jh gS] tgka ebZ 2018 esa ?kksf"kr ljdkj dh 'kj.kkFkhZ vkSj estcku lkeqnkf;d f'k{kk çfrfØ;k ;kstuk] yxHkx 675]000 'kj.kkFkhZ vkSj estcku leqnk; ds Nk=kksa ds fy, çfr o"kZ 395 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj vkoafVr djrh gSA

vkWLVªsfy;k] dukMk] ukWosZ vkSj ;wukbVsM fdaxMe tSls nkrk ekuorkoknh Hkkxhnkjksa dks vuqekfur foÙk iks"k.k lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, cgqo"khZ; foRr&iks"k.k <kaps esa LFkkukarfjr dj jgs gSa] vkSj bZlhMCY;w ds ikl ^cgq&o"khZ; yphykiu lk/u gS] ftldk mís'; ekuorkoknh fodkl esa varj dks de djuk gSA ekuoh; lgk;rk esa tokcnsgh dks lqn`<+ djus dh t:jr gSA bZlhMCY;w us vius dk;Zuhfrd ifj.kkeksa ds <kaps esa mPp ekudksa dks LFkkfir djds ikjnf'kZrk vkSj ifj.kkeksa ij tksj fn;k gS] ftlesa u dsoy blds vafre ifj.kke 'kkfey gSa] cfYd egRoiw.kZ :i ls] dke djus dk rjhdk vkSj bldh ifjpkyu n{krk 'kkfey gSA

ifjokj dk [kpZifjokj va'knku ij MsVk u gksus ds dkj.k dqy f'k{kk O;; dk nh?kZdkfyd fo'ys"k.k lhfer gksrk gSA ;wvkbZ,l us igyh ckj 2017 esa ifjokjksa dk MsVk tkjh fd;k] ysfdu mldh dojst lhfer FkhA dqN fuEu vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa dqy f'k{kk O;; esa ifjokjksa dk fgLlk cgqr vf/d gks ldrk gS] mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,y lkYokMksj (50%) vkSj baMksusf'k;k (49%) (fp=k 20)A

vke rkSj ij] ifjokj O;; MsVk dqN vioknksa dks NksM+dj o"kZ&nj&o"kZ ukVdh; :i ls ugha cnyrk gSA fpyh esa] ljdkjh f'k{kk foÙk&iks"k.k i;kZIr u gksus ij cM+s iSekus ij Nk=k fojks/ us lkoZtfud uhfr esa cnyko fd,A ifj.kkeLo:i] dqy f'k{kk [kpZ dk ?kjsyw fgLlk 2005 ls 2015 ds chp yxHkx 50% ls ?kVdj 20% jg x;kA

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60


flQkfj'ksa ;g fjiksVZ ljdkjksa dks çoklh vkSj foLFkkfir vkcknh] vkSj muds cPpksa dh f'k{kk vko';drkvksa dk lek/ku djus dk vkg~oku djrh gS] fcYdqy mlh rjg ftl rjg os estcku tula[;k dk djrs gSaA

çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir yksxksa dh f'k{kk ds vf/dkj dh j{kk djsaf'k{kk esa HksnHkko u djus ds fl¼kar dks varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyuksa esa ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA tUe çek.k&i=k vko';drkvksa tSlh HksnHkko okyh ck/kvksa dks jk"Vªh; dkuwu esa Li"V :i ls n'kkZ;k tkuk pkfg,A ekStwnk fu;eksa esa O;fDrxr LFkkuh; ;k Ldwy Lrj ds vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk O;k[;k esa dksbZ [kkeh ugha gksuh pkfg, ;k [kjkc izHkkf"kr {ks=k ugha gksuk pkfg,A ljdkjksa dks igpku&i=k nLrkostksa ;k fuokl dh fLFkfr dh vfuok;Zrk ds fcuk çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks f'k{kk ds vf/dkj dh j{kk djuh pkfg, vkSj viokn ds fcuk dkuwu ykxw djuk pkfg,A

f'k{kk ds vf/dkj dk lEeku dkuwu vkSj ç'kklfud çfØ;k ls ijs gksuk pkfg,A jk"Vªh; vf/dkfj;ksa dks vius vf/dkjksa vkSj Ldwy iathdj.k çfØ;kvksa ds çoklh vkSj foLFkkfir ifjokjksa dks tkudkjh nsus ds fy, tkx:drk c<+kus okys vfHk;kuksa dks izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A ;kstuk vf/dkfj;ksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd lkoZtfud Ldwy vukSipkfjd cfLr;ksa vkSj >ksifM+;ksa ds fudV gSa vkSj 'kgjh lq/kj ;kstukvksa esa mUgsa misf{kr ugha fd;k x;k gSA

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir yksxksa dks 'kkfey djsadqN f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ka vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks vLFkk;h vkcknh ds :i esa ns[krs gSa] tks ewy fuoklh ls vyx gSaA ;g xyr gS( ;g mudh vdknfed çxfr] lkekthdj.k vkSj Hkfo"; ds voljksa dks ckf/r djrk gS] vkSj fofo/] lesfdr lekt dh fofo/ çxfr dks de djrk gSA lkoZtfud uhfr esa mUgsa jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ds lHkh Lrjksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

vkçokfl;ksa dks 'kkfey djus ds dbZ vk;ke gSaA tcfd f'k{kk dh ,d ubZ Hkk"kk çkjafHkd d{kkvksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS] Nk=kksa dks vius ewy lgdfeZ;ksa ls ftruk de gks] vyx j[kk tkuk pkfg,A f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks de miyfC/;ksa okys Nk=kksa dks i`Fkd ugha djuk pkfg,] ftuesa vkçokfl;ksa dh la[;k fofHkUUk txgksa ij vf/d gksA dbZ ns'kksa esa vkçoklh Nk=kksa dh HkkSxksfyd cgqyrk dks ns[krs gq,] f'k{kk ;kstukdkjksa dks ifjogu lfClMh vkSj ;kn`fPNd Ldwy dk;ksZa tSlh fof/;ksa dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg, rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk lds fd vkoklh; i`Fkdrk ds ifj.kkeLo:i f'k{kk i`Fkdrk u gksA

ljdkjksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djus dh t:jr gS fd 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh f'k{kk de ls de ckf/r gksA tcfd vlk/kj.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa & mnkgj.k ds fy, 'kj.kkFkhZ leqnk;ksa dks vyx j[kuk ;k estcku ç.kkyh dh {kerk ckf/r gksus ls & iw.kZ lexzrk :d ldrh gS] ljdkjksa dks jk"Vªh; ikB~;Øe dk ikyu u djus ;k ekU;rk çkIr çek.ki=k u ysus okys Ldwyksa esa fcrk, x, le; dks de djus dh vko';drk ugha gS] D;ksafd bl rjg f'k{kk ekxZ ls le>kSrk fd;k tkrk gSA

çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir yksxksa dh f'k{kk vko';drkvksa dks le>sa vkSj ;kstuk cuk,avf/d vkçoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ çokg okys ns'kksa dks çca/u lwpuk ç.kkyh esa bu vkcknh ds vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj ;kstuk vkSj ctV ds fy, MsVk ,d=k djus dh vko';drk gSA çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, Ldwy LFky ;k dk;Z ds volj çnku djuk 'kkfey djus dk igyk dne gSA

Ldwy ds okrkoj.k dks Nk=kksa dh t:jrksa ds vuq:i cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A ubZ Hkk"kk dks lh[kus okys yksxksa dks ;ksX; f'k{kdksa ds lkFk dk;ZØeksa dk rkyesy cukus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ftudh f'k{kk ckf/r gks xbZ Fkh] mUgsa Rofjr f'k{kk dk;ZØeksa ls Qk;nk gksxk] ftlls mUgsa mfpr Lrj ij Ldwy esa i<+kbZ 'kq: djus vkSj iqu% nkf[kyk ysus esa enn feysxhA f'k{kk esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds 'kkfey gksus dh laHkkouk vf/d gksxh ;fn 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks ykHk igqapkus ds fy, bldk lkekftd lqj{kk dk;ZØeksa rd foLrkj gks] mnkgj.k ds fy,] fNih Ldwy ykxrksa dks doj djus okyk l'krZ udnh gLrkarj.kA vkarfjd çokfl;ksa ds ekeys esa] ljdkjksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls [kkukcnks'k ;k ekSleh Jfedksa ds cPpksa dks yphys Ldwy dSysaMj] f'k{kk fuxjkuh iz.kkyh vkSj mudh vkthfodk ds fy, çklafxd ikB~;Øe iznku djus ij fopkj djuk pkfg,A


61

lkj

o;Ldksa dks rduhdh vkSj O;kolkf;d f'k{kk vkSj çf'k{k.k ds ekè;e ls viuh {kerkvksa dks fodflr djus vkSj de dkS'ky okys O;olk;ksa ;k çf'k{k.k dh mPp ykxrksa tSlh ck/kvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, lgk;rk dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tks dkS'ky esa muds fuos'k dks grksRlkfgr djrs gSaA mUgsa foÙkh; f'k{kk dk;ZØeksa dh vko';drk gS rkfd os viuh vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk çca/u dj ldsa] vf/d ls vf/d /u ?kj Hkst ldsa vkSj /ks[kk/M+h ;k foÙkh; 'kks"k.k ls cp ldsaA vukSSipkfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe] ftUgsa LFkkuh; ljdkjh Lrj ij fn;k tk ldrk gS] lekt esa ,dtqVrk dks lqn`<+ djus ds fy, fd, tk jgs ç;klksa esa lgk;d dh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA

iwokZxzgksa dh pqukSrh ls fuiVuss ds fy, f'k{kk esa iyk;u vkSj foLFkkiu ds bfrgkl dks lgh <ax ls izLrqr djsa lekt dks ,dtqV djus vkSj yksxksa dks ,d lkFk jgus esa enn djus ds fy, dsoy lfg".kqrk dh gh vko';drk ugha gksrhA ljdkjksa dks f'k{kk lkexzh dh leh{kk djuh pkfg,] ,sls ikB~;Øe viukus pkfg, vkSj ,slh ikB~;iqLrdksa ij iqufoZpkj djuk pkfg, tks bfrgkl vkSj orZeku fofo/rk dks lgh <ax ls n'kkZ,aA f'k{kk dh iB~u lkexzh esa izkokfl;kas }kjk /u vtZu djus vkSj le`f¼ esa fn, x, ;ksxnku dks izeq[krk ls n'kkZ, tkus dh t:jr gSA blesa ruko vkSj la?k"kZ ds dkj.kksa ds lkFk&lkFk foLFkkfir ;k gkf'k, ij jgus okys izkokfl;ksa dh fojklr dks Hkh mtkxj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 'kS{kf.kd n`f"Vdks.k ,sls gksus pkfg, ftuls vusd fopkj/kjkvksa esa [kqykiu vk,] ftuls ,d lkFk jgus ds ewY;ksa dks c<+kok feys] vkSj fofo/rk ls gksus okys Qk;nksa dks n'kkZ;k tkuk pkfg,A mUgsa i{kikriw.kZ joS, dks pqukSrh nsuh pkfg, vkSj O;kid lksp fodflr djuh pkfg, rkfd f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dks vU; laLd`fr;ksa ds lkFk ckrphr djus vkSj vkçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds udkjkRed ehfM;k fp=k.k dk fojks/ djus esa fdlh lansg dks nwj fd;k tk ldsA ljdkjksa dks varj&lkaLd`frd f'k{kk ds ldkjkRed vuqHkoksa dks lk>k djus dh vko';drk gSA

fofo/rk vkSj dfBukbZ ls fuiVus ds fy, çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds f'k{kdksa dks rS;kj djsaf'k{kdksa dks çoklu vkSj foLFkkiu dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, Ldwy ds ekgkSy esa cnyko ykus ds fy, ,tsaV dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds fy, leFkZu dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

izoklu dh leL;k ls fuiVus okys orZeku f'k{kd f'k{kk dk;ZØe vLFkk;h gksus pkfg, vkSj eq[; ikB~;Øe dk fgLlk ugha gksus pkfg,A ljdkjksa dks 'kq#vkrh vkSj py jgh f'k{kd f'k{kk esa fuos'k djuk pkfg, ftlls ewy {kerkvksa vkSj fofo/] cgqHkk"kh vkSj cgqlkaLd`frd lanHkksaZ dks çcaf/r djus dh {kerk c<+s] ftldk izHkko ns'kh Nk=kksa ij Hkh iM+sA izoklu vkSj foLFkkiu ds ckjs esa lHkh f'k{kdksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk c<+k,a] u dsoy mUgha yksxksa dh] tks fofHkUu d{kkvksa dks i<+rs gSaA bPNqd vkSj is'ksoj f'k{kdksa vkSj Ldwy ds usrkvksa dks d{kkvksa] Ldwy ds ifjlj vkSj leqnk; esa :f<+oknh] iwokZxzg vkSj HksnHkko ls fuiVus rFkk vkçoklh vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ Nk=kksa esa vkRe&lEeku vkSj viusiu dh Hkkouk dks l'kDr djus ds fy, leFkZu fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

f'k{kdksa dks foLFkkfir Nk=kksa vkSj muds ekrk&firk }kjk lkeuk dh tk jgh fo'ks"k dfBukb;ksa] vkSj muds leqnk;ksa ls igqap cukus ds izfr Hkh laosnu'khy gksuk pkfg,A gkykafd f'k{kd ijke'kZnkrk ugha gSa] fQj Hkh mUgsa ruko vkSj mRihM+u dks igpkuus ds fy, çf'kf{kr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj fo'ks"kKksa dh vko';drk esa mudks lanfHkZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn dksbZ fo'ks"kK ugha gS] rks f'k{kdksa dks ,slh lsok,a iznku djus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tkuk pkfg, D;ksafd dqN ifjokjksa dks ,slh lsokvksa dh t:jr gksrh gSA 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir f'k{kd [kqn vfrfjDr ruko esa gksrs gSaA çca/u uhfr;ksa esa dqN f'k{kdksa }kjk lkeuk dh tk jgh vR;f/d dfBukb;ksa dks igpkuk tkuk pkfg, vkSj mUgsa jkgr nsuh pkfg,; eukscy cuk, j[kus ds fy, f'k{k.k is'ksojksa esa lekurk lqfuf'pr djuh pkfg,; vkSj is'ksoj fodkl esa fuos'k djuk pkfg,A

çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir yksxksa dh {kerk dks lqn`<+ djsaçokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds ikl ,slh {kerk gks ldrh gS tks u dsoy mUgsa vkSj muds ifjokjksa ds thou dks cnyus esa enn dj ldrh gS cfYd estcku vkSj ewy ns'kksa] nksuksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj lekt dks Hkh cnyus esa enn dj ldrs gSa] Hkys gh okil vk,a ;k os nwj ls gh lgk;rk djsaA bl {kerk dk mi;ksx vdknfed ;ksX;rk vkSj is'ksoj dkS'ky (f'k{kdksa

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lfgr) vkSj iwoZ f'k{kk] tks ekU; ;k çekf.kr ugha Fkh] dks igpkuus ds fy, ljy] lLrs] vf/d ikjn'khZ vkSj yphys ra=k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

ns'kksa dks ijLij ;ksX;rk dks igpkus ds laca/ esa lqjf{kr] O;ofLFkr vkSj fu;fer çoklu çfrc¼rkvksa ds fy, oSf'od le>kSrs dk vuqikyu djuk pkfg,] vkSj mPp f'k{kk ;ksX;rk dh ekU;rk ij oSf'od lEesyu ds rgr okrkZ djds fu"d"kZ fudkyuk pkfg, rkfd bls 2019 esa viuk;k tk ldsA vkdyu ,tsafl;ka] ykblsaflax fudk; vkSj vdknfed laLFkkuksa dks f}i{kh;] {ks=kh; vkSj oSf'od Lrj ij ljdkjksa vkSj {ks=kh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa ds lkFk dke djrs gq, vko';drkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa esa rkyesy LFkkfir djuk pkfg,A blesa lkekU; fMxzh ekud] xq.koÙkk vk'oklu iz.kkyh vkSj vdknfed vknku&iznku dk;ZØe ;ksX;rk dks ekU;rk iznku djus dk leFkZu dj ldrs gSaA

çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir yksxksa dh f'k{kk vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ekuorkoknh vkSj fodkl lgk;rk }kjk enn djsa tcfd nks&frgkbZ varjjk"Vªh; çokfl;ksa dks mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa tkrs gSa] 10 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa esa ls 9 'kj.kkFkhZ fuEu vkSj eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa tkrs gSa] ftUgsa varjkZ"Vªh; Hkkxhnkjksa ds leFkZu dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ekuoh; lgk;rk esa f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa nl xquk o`f¼ dh vko';drk gksxhA bldk ,d vf/d LFkk;h lek/ku ;g gS fd varjjk"Vªh; leqnk; 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj estcku tula[;k dks laiw.kZ f'k{kk iznku djus dk leFkZu djs rFkk ladV ds 'kq#vkrh pj.k ls gh ekuorkoknh vkSj fodkl lgk;rk iznku djds 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij gq, oSf'od le>kSrs vkSj O;kid 'kj.kkFkhZ çfrfØ;k QzseodZ çfrc¼rk dks iwjk djsA f'k{kk esa fo'ks"kdj cpiu dh f'k{kk vkSj ns[kHkky ij è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g vU; {ks=kksa ls tqM+s lek/kuksa ds lexz iSdst dk Hkh fgLlk gksuk pkfg,] mnkgj.k ds fy, vkokl] iks"k.k] ikuh] LoPNrk vkSj lkekftd lqj{kkA nkrkvksa dks vius ekuoh; gLr{ksiksa esa bu lq/kjksa ij è;ku nsuk pkfg,A f'k{kk fuf/;ka miyC/ gksus dk bartkj ugha dj ldrh] dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, mUgsa vko';drk&fu/kZj.k {kerk fodflr djuh pkfg,] ekuorkoknh fodkl esa varj dks de djus rFkk dbZ o"kksZa rd foRRk&iks"k.k djus dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, ;kstuk cukuh pkfg,A

2019 oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ lHkh tula[;k vkanksyuksa esa çoklu vkSj foLFkkiu ds f'k{kk çHkko% jkstxkj vkSj f'k{kk ds fy, ns'k dh lhek ds Hkhrj gksa ;k mlds ckgj] LoSfPNd gks ;k ckè;] dh tkap djrh gSA ;g lrr~ fodkl ds fy, 2030 ds ,tsaMk esa f'k{kk ij gqbZ çxfr dh Hkh leh{kk djrh gSA

c<+rh fofo/rk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] fjiksVZ esa ;g fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS fd dSls f'k{kk laiw.kZ lekt dk fuekZ.k dj ldrh gS vkSj yksxksa dks lfg".kqrk ls vkxs c<+dj ,d lkFk jgus dh lh[k ns ldrh gSA leku f'k{kk çnku djus ij laca/ curs gSa( Åap&uhp djus ls çokfl;ksa ,oa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa rFkk muds estcku leqnk;ksa ds chp [kkbZ c<+rh gSA

çokfl;ksa vkSj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij fd, x, nks u, oSf'od le>kSrksa esa f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk dks igpkuk x;k gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh ihNs us NwV tk,] blds fy, oSf'od çfrc¼rk ds vuq:i mís'; fu/kZfjr fd, x, gSaA ;g fjiksVZ bu le>kSrksa ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ VwyfdV gS] ftlesa uhfrxr eqíksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS tks ekSleh çokfl;ksa] xzkeh.k Ldwyksa dks lqn`<+ cukus] varj&lkaLd`frd ikB~;Øe] jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa esa 'kj.kkFkhZ dks 'kkfey djus vkSj i`Fkdrk ls fuiVus] f'k{kk ;ksX;rk dks ekU;rk nsus] Ldwy foÙk&iks"k.k ij è;ku nsus] vf/d çHkkoh ekuorkoknh f'k{kk lgk;rk iznku djus vkSj vkikrdky] nh?kZdkfyd vkSj u, lkekU; lanHkksaZ esa fofo/ d{kkvksa ds fy, f'k{kd dks rS;kj djus ls lacaf/r gSaA

;g fjiksVZ f'k{kk dks ns'kksa dks izoklu vkSj foLFkkiu ls fuiVus ds fy, ,d lk/u ds :i esa ns[krh gS vkSj ftu yksxksa dks budh t:jr gS] muds fy, ;g ,d volj gSA

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SustainableDevelopmentGoals

United Nations


Sustainable DevelopmentGoals

;g fjiksVZ vrqyuh; voljksa dh rLohj is'k djrs gq, izoklu vkSj f'k{kk ij ekStwnk lk{; dks ,d lkFk izLrqr djrh gS] vkSj ;g crkrh gS fd 'kSf{kd uqdlku dgka vkSj D;ksa gks ldrk gSA vkSj ;g ml le; crk;k tk jgk gS tc varjjk"Vªh; leqnk; ,lMhth y{;ksa dks iwjk djus dk ç;kl dj jgk gS vkSj fo'o Lrj ij izoklu ds ykHk dks vf/dre djrk gSA

fofy;e yslh fLoax] varjkZ"Vªh; izoklu egkfuns'kd laxBu (1 vDrwcj 2008 ls 30 flracj 2018)

;g fjiksVZ 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ij gq, oSf'od le>kSrs ds f'k{kk vk;keksa rFkk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ç.kkfy;ksa vkSj f'k{kk {ks=k ;kstukvksa esa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey djus dh vfuok;Zrk dh iqjtksj flQkfj'k djrh gSA

fQfyIiks xzkaMh] la;qDr jk"Vª 'kj.kkFkhZ mPpk;qDr

laidZ cuk,a] ck/k,a ughaiyk;u] foLFkkiu vkSj f'k{kk%

f'k{kk ,d ekuokf/dkj gS rFkk ;g xjhch gVkus] fLFkjrk ykus vkSj 'kkafr dk;e djus esa vge vkSj ifjorZudkjh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA yksx dke djus ;k f'k{kk izkIr djus ds fy,] pkgs LosPNk ls gks ;k etcwjh ls] ,d txg ls nwljh txg vkrs&tkrs gSa] ysfdu blls muds f'k{kk dk vf/dkj izHkkfor ugha gksuk pkfg,A 2019 oSf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksVZ esa ;g lqfuf'pr djus dh O;kid laHkkouk,a vkSj volj gSa fd çokfl;ksa vkSj foLFkkfir yksxksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk gkfly gksA

,aVksfu;ks X;qVsjsl] la;qDr jk"Vª egklfpo

2019 iyk;u] folfkkiu vksj f'k{kk% - unesco.org · osf'od f'k{kk fuxjkuh fjiksvz 2019...

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