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SPECIFIC STUDIES FOR Y2015‐ F&C Department

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Confidential

November 2014



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Confidential

Part 2 – Geographic Information System Phase 2

OVERVIEW

Part 1 – Camp Projects Design & Technical Support

Part 3 – Technical Studies

F&C contains three(3) parts of special studies in Y2015

WP&B. All of the studies in the presentation arecompletely new, which are different from those inY2014.



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Confidential

Part 1 – Camp Projects Design & Technical Support



New Camp Projects list in Y2015

1. The Guest House2. Utility System upgrade

3. Accommodation phaseⅤ(Northern Area)4. Accommodation phaseⅤ

(Southern Area )5. Warehouse Facilities

Construction and Installation

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6. Beautification of OCC Central lawn7. Sewage & drainage system upgrade project8. Afforestation and Landscape

9. Bridge maintenance for Qala'at Saleh and 15km new Road

1 3

4

6

5

8

7 2



1.1 Project Setting Background and Justification

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• The Guest HouseIn order to meet demands of visitor reception for top government

delegation, it is necessary to build an Guest House with reinforced concrete frame structure. It include VIP room, member’s room,secretary room, body guard room, meeting room, lobby area andrelevant utility system etc. Its area is about 6,500 square meters.

• Utility System upgradeThe current utility system should be improved to match field baseimprovement.• The accommodation phaseⅤ (Northern Area )& (Southern Area ) According to the forecast of employees number in next coming 3years, it is deemed necessary to develop and construct matchedinfrastructure and apartment for the employees of PCH who will live

in field base.




6

• Warehouse Facilities Construction and InstallationLighting system at extension yard, concrete sleeper and generalmaintenance.• Beautification of OCC Central lawnBeautify the OCC central lawn, including fountain, sidewalk, flag poles,trees etc.

• Sewage & drainage system upgrade projectUpgrading the camp existing sewage and drainage systems to meet therequirements.• Afforestation and LandscapeFor environmental purposes, set landscape & plant trees in guest housearea, plant trees in accommodation phase III yard, phase IV yards,phase IV west yard and other necessary base places• Bridge maintenance for Qala'at Saleh and 15km new RoadRequirement of JMC Resoluation



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Part 1 focus on the design work, bidding, evaluation and technicalsupports including:

Conception design and basic designPreparation of ITB document which include technical and commercial

partProvision of technical support for bidding clarification and evaluationProvision of technical support during construction such as technical

consultancy

1.2 Scope of Work



1.2 Scope of Work

8

No. Item Scope of work

1 Guest House

To build the guest house( 6500 m2)with interior decoration,furniture, necessary facilities and auxiliary utility system suchas power supply system, water supply system, sewagedrainage system, communication system, HVAC and firefighting system .

2 Utility System upgradeTo construct road system, WSD system, communicationsystem, electrical system, road lamps and other unexpecteditems for base.

3 accommodation phaseⅤ(Northern Area )

To build approx. 200 set apartments for PCH staffs withinterior decoration, furniture and necessary living facilities.4 accommodation phase

Ⅴ (Southern Area )

5 Warehouse Facilities

Construction and Installation

Lighting system at extension yard, concrete sleeper and

general maintenance



1.2 Scope of Work

9

No. Item Scope of work

6 Beautification of OCC Central

lawn

Add fountain, sidewalk, flag poles, trees for OCC

central lawn. The area is about 15,000m2

7 Sewage & drainage systemupgrade project

Upgrading the camp existing sewage and drainagesystems, meet the requirements of base improvement.

8 Afforestation and Landscapeset landscape & plant trees in guest house area, planttrees in accommodation phase III yard, phase IV yards,phase IV west yard and other necessary base places

9 Bridge maintenance for Qala'atSaleh and 15 km new Road

Build 15km new road from Qalat Saleh bridge to Khalacity with 7m width asphalt pavement. The culvert andbridge will be built for new road.Maintain and strengthen the Qala’at Saleh bridge tomeet the requirement of heavy vehicle.



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Confidential

Part 2 – Geographic Information System Phase



1 Project Setting Background and Justification

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1. The digital oilfield need the satellite images, topographical data,

underground pipeline data and geological data provided by GIS.

2. Due to the lack of integrate management platform, the future

design could not obtain the information about underground

pipelines quickly and conveniently.

3. Following the fast construction of oilfield, the underground

pipeline increase progressively and possible damages to

existed pipelines caused by the future construction continue torise.

4. Due to the lack of integrate management platform, once the

leakage accident happened, the repair will be delayed.




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5. A great deal of geotechnical investigation have been executed

and the relevant data have been collected in the area of oilfield,

GIS can use the existed data to build 3D geological model for

station and to provide relevant reference for the future design.

6. The topographical survey for large-scale area of oilfield had

been finished, it is necessary to incorporate the topographical

data, geological data and detecting data of underground

pipelines into the integrate platform to management so that

improve the efficiency of design and production.




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7. The oilfield construction has mushroomed over the past years and

the consequent is that the terrain and geomorphology change

constantly in duration, so the previous satellite images could not

meet the requirements of design and production management, which

still need to be updated promptly with the field variations caused by

constructions.

8. GIS will realize the integrate management of satellite images,

topographical data, geological data and underground pipeline data,

all which could be statistical analyzed by establishing the 2D visual

overlaying and classified display, to provide the service for the

design, construction and production management.



1. Data collection and analysis.

2. Update the satellite image of oilfield.

3. Execute the topographical survey for additional 80km 2.

4. Detect the existed underground pipelines about 300km.

5. Data input (satellite images, topographical data, underground

pipeline data and geological data).

6. Upgrade the functions of GIS based on the feedback from thoseoperations.

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2 Scope of Work



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Part 3 – Technical Studies



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Confidential

1. The key technical study for CRA clad or lined steel pipe2. Research on Key Technologies on Station Regional Cathodic

Protection in Halfaya Project IRAQ3. The key technology research on the steel spherical tank without water

spray cooling system from Iraq Halfaya project4. Feasibility Study on Dehydration of Halfaya Crude Oil

5. Technical Study of Facility Flexibility for H2S and Mercaptan Contentvariety in Associated Gas of GPP

6. Doom-Roof Tank Gas Seal Research

7. Halfaya oil field island power system SCADA study

Y2015 Technical Study Subject ListY2015 facility technical study includes 14 subjects as following,which will serve the Phase3, Post Phase3 and prospectiveproduction.



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Confidential

8. Research on vibration and its precaution of large-scale reciprocatingcompressor and its auxiliary pipelines in Halfaya

9. Compatibility study for oil-field chemicals10. Study on water injection system in Halfaya oil field11. QRA (Quantity Risk Analysis)Study Report of GPP in Halfaya oil

field12. Study on Custody transfer metering (LPG)13. Safety operation study of CPF1 and CPF2

14. Application study of EPON(Ethernet Passive Optical Network) in Oil/ Gas field

Y2015 Study List



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Confidential

1. The key technical study for CRA clad or lined steel pipe




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In view of the corrosive environment is serious in HFY project, with0.5%mol H2S, 3.85%mol CO2 in gas phase, high chloride content(130,000ppm) in produced water, serious corrosion may beoccurred.

Material selection Water treatment system Water injection system

Phase ⅠCarbon steel + corrosionallowance + corrosion inhibitor /

Phase Ⅱ Above ground: DSSUnder ground: GRE GRE





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Carbon steel with corrosion allowance and corrosion inhibitor

depends on the efficiency of corrosion inhibitor and operation

management, which may induce the corrosion problem out of control.

There are a few of corrosion leakage points in CPF1, such as carbon

steel piping from skimming tank to evaporation pond.

In order to control the corrosion problem, GRE(Glassfiber Reinforced

Epoxy) and DSS(Duplex Stainless Steel) were used in CPF2.

However, GRE can not cover all the system because of the limitationfor high pressure and large diameter, and DSS is very expensive.




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In water injection system of CPF3 and future stage, considering highpressure & temperature, lower pH, and high flow rate, which will be

very difficult to select a suitable and economic material. More materialselection case and material performance should be studied.

Materialselection Water treatment system Water injection system

Phase Ⅲ Above ground: DSSUnder ground: GRE

Carbon steel + corrosion allowance +corrosion inhibitor GREDSS??? CRA clad or lined steel pipeFuture /

Based on the theoretical research, CRA clad or lined steel pipe will be a good choice, which hasexcellent corrosion resistance relative to carbon steel and low cost relative to pure CRA pipe inHalfaya Project.




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There are many different manufacturing process for CRA clad or lined

steel pipe in standard API 5LD (Clad or Lined Pipes) that only involves

few of specified technical requirements for the product, which is hard tocontrol the product quality. And more requirements shall be added if

procurement of such product.

Current CRA clad or lined steel pipe was used was limited to carbon

steel with 316L/304ss that is not suitable for HFY project, because of

high chloride concentration, low pH value and high temperature.Carbon steel with 825 alloy steel pipe will be a good choice, so more

detailed technical study shall be done by literature & standard research

and even relevant simulated experiments.




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At the same time, there are two different materials in weld joint when

clad or lined CRA steel pipe will be used, how to control welding

quality for CRA clad or lined steel pipe when keep acceptablematerial properties is a very difficult problem, more detailed technical

problems should be studied and installation guideline should be given

for field welding.

After all the studies, the technical requirement for CRA clad or lined

steel pipe and fitting should be provided to control the quality of the

product and welding of CRA clad or lined steel.




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1. Survey the main forming process of CRA clad or lined steel pipe from

the standard and actual facility manufacture, and summarizeits characteristics.

2. Study the technical requirements for N08825 clad steel pipe, and

summarize the main impact factors that influence itself performance.3. Study the technical requirements for N08825 lined steel pipe, and

summarize the main impact factors that influence itself performance,

which is different from clad steel pipe.4. Study the technical requirements for N08825 clad fitting, summarize

the impact factors different from the pipe.

1.2 Scope of Work




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5. Study the pipe end type for clad or lined pipe & fitting, andanalyze their advantages and disadvantages.

6. Study the corrosion resistance of welding joint by simulate experiment,which mainly include stress cracking corrosion, intergranular corrosion,pitting corrosion etc.



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Confidential

2. Research on Key Technologies on Station RegionalCathodic Protection in Halfaya Project



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2. Research on Key Technologies on Station RegionalCathodic Protection

1) In HFY phase I & II, the buried piping is carbon steel but the earthing electrode is

copper. In addition, due to low soil resistivity, it may form corrosion potential, and the

galvanic corrosion will be very easy to occur, the pipe may occur in pitting corrosion

only few months.


2) Coating protection is able to protect the pipefrom corrosion by the soil and galvanic.

However, the huge pipe coating construction

may be difficult to avoid any defects in the CPFstation. When the coating failure occurs in the

soil, the galvanic corrosion current may cause

the pipe leakage.



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3) According to the testing results in the geotechnical investigation of CPF2, the soil

resistivity is form 0.54 to 24Ω·m at the depth of 1.5m and ground water level is only -

0.052m to -0.316m. The site soil have strong corrosivity for buried steel pipes, and highlevel of underground water in HALFAYA Oil Field, the buried steel pipes may be faced with

high corrosion risk.

4) For the existing station lack of regional

cathodic protection system, how to adopt the

reasonable corrosion control measure to

protect the existing buried pipe with the

coating aging is very important.



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Based on the above analysis and cause, regional cathodic protection system should be

considered in this phase, regional cathodic protection technology will provided extra

protection for the buried pipe with coating, which will be beneficial for the buried pipe instation, but the anode location and output current value is very hard to select and decide.



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In order to efficiently protect the buried pipes, regional cathodic protection method can be

used together with coating.

However, there are many problems during the regional cathodic protection system in

other project , as follows:

Demanded current is not enough after the system in service, such as potential owe

protection;

Cathodic protection current is shielded in some region after the system in service ;

The arrangement of anode groundbed is unreasonable;

In order to effectively use the regional cathodic protection system, the key technologies of

regional cathodic protection shall be researched.





2.2 Scope of Work

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The main scope of work, as follows:

Research on determining method of demanded current of regional cathodic

protection; the demanded current is most important parameter for the regional

cathodic protection system, which is also hard to accurately determine. Through

this research, to obtain an accurate and effective method to determine the

demanded current in the regional cathodic protection system.

Research on current shielding problem of regional cathodic protection; If the

current is shielded in some area of station, the buried pipes in this area will be left

unprotected. Through this research, to find the reason of shielding of current and

to avoid similar problem occurrence.



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Research on optimization of anode groundbed location in regional cathodic protection

system; Three groundbeds includes shallow buried high silicon cast iron anode

groundbed, shallow buried line anode groundbed and deep well groundbed can be

used in regional cathodic protection system, but the result of each type varies with

application condition. So this research will optimize the choice of anode groundbed

for different condition.



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Confidential

3. The key technology research on the steel spherical tankwithout water spray cooling system from Iraq Halfayaproject

3 T h i l S di LPG S h i l T k i h



3.Technical Studies on LPG Spherical Tank withoutWater Spray Cooling System

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• The exposure in the sunshine will make LPG spherical tanktemperature go up, and then the saturated vapor pressure will risequickly (for example, the vapor pressure of propane is 1.61MPa at 50,however, it will reach to 2.48MPa at 70), which will bring adverseeffect to the safety of spherical tank. Therefore, the LPG spherical tank isusually needed to take cooling measure such as water spray.

• Generally, the water spray cooling system are applied to the LPGspherical tank to decrease the temperature.

Heat reflective coating for LPG spherical tank


3 T h i l S di LPG S h i l T k i h




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• The water spray cooling systemhas the following disadvantages:

(1) Water spray easily causes the corrosion of the surface of spherical tank.(2) After the corrosion, the surface is needed to brush paint again every one

or two years.

(3) It causes the waste of water resources and pollutes the surroundingenvironment.

• The heat reflective coatingcan effectively reduce the temperature by

reflecting sunshine, also the life of heat reflective coating is long and theuse of heat reflective coating can reduce maintenance cost and savewater.

3 T h i l St di LPG S h i l T k ith t




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• Because the maximum temperature and black bulb temperature arerespectively 55 and 80 in Halfaya district.

• Now, the design of LPG spherical tanks in GPP project is by using the

combined methods of water spray cooling system and heat reflectivecoating. In this way, the saturated vapor pressure of 50can beguaranteed as the basis of the design pressure.

• However as mentioned above, water spray can easily cause thecorrosion of the surface of spherical tank, and shorten the service lifeof heat reflective coating.

The design of LPG spherical tanks in GPP project

3 Technical Studies on LPG Spherical Tank without




• The studies are based on the concept of only using the heat reflectivecoating without spray water in order to increase coating life, reducemaintenance cost and save water.

• In this case, the saturated vapor pressure of 60may be taken as thebasis of the design pressure which will be as high as 2.01MPa for LPG.

• Due to such high design pressure, the selection of spherical shell platematerial and design method are very important in order to reduce theinvestment and welding work load during assembly.

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The studies of LPG spherical tank without water spray cooling system

3 Technical Studies on LPG Spherical Tank without




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• No calculation method is available about support column ofspherical tank in ASME Sec.ⅧDiv.1. The spherical tank is not onlyunder internal pressure, but also under gravity, wind load andearthquake load. The FEA(finite element analysis) design caneffectively calculate the strength and stability of support column.

• Compared to conventional design, FEA design can significantlyreduce the shell thickness of tank and reduce the weight accordingly.

• Thus, the design study on high pressure LPG spherical tank isnecessary.



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Confidential

4. Feasibility Study on Dehydration of Halfaya Crude Oil



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Increase crude oil treatment capacity of CPF2 electrostatic dehydratorsto meet the occasion of improving Halfaya crude oil production.The crude oil treatment capacity of CPF2 electrostatic dehydrators is120,000BOPD with water cut less than 10% and the water content indexfor dehydrated crude oil is less than 0.2%~0.4%.

By studying the influence factors, such as operating temperature,residence time and field strength of electrostatic dehydrator, demulsifiertype and demulsifier dosage, optimize the operating conditions ofelectrostatic dehydrators to increase the crude oil treatment capacity upto 130,000BOPD with water cut less than 10%.

4 Study on Dehydration of Halfaya Crude Oil



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4.2 Scope of Work

4.Study on Dehydration of Halfaya Crude Oil

The field operation status investigation for CPF2;

Demulsifier type screening and demulsifer dosage study;

Heat medium heaters load, the size of oil-oil heat exchangers, medium-oilheat exchangers and 2nd separators checking study;

Study and optimize operating parameters of electrostatic dehydrators andelectrostatic desalters to increase crude oil treatment capacity;

1) The influence of operating temperature on dehydration;

2) The influence of electrical field strength on dehydration;

3) The influence of inlet water cut on dehydration;

4) The influence of recycle water flow rate on dehydration.



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5. Technical Study of Facility Flexibility for H2S andMercaptan Content variety in Associated Gas of GPP

5 T h i l St d f F ilit Fl ibilit f HS d M t



5.Technical Study of Facility Flexibility for H2S and MercaptanContent variety in Associated Gas of GPP

4343

• Six sources of associated gas to GPP/MGPP: HALFAYA oilfieldCPF 1, 2 and 3, AMARAH oilfield, NOOR oilfield and MISSANoilfield;

• The H2S content of mixed gas 0.35mol% to 0.8mol%;Sour gasconcentration to sulfur recovery unit is 19%~23%(v)

• The mercaptan averaged content of mixed gas is 30ppmaccording to sample analysis.


Composition Halfaya

CPF1

Halfaya

CPF2

Halfaya

CPF3

Missan Noor Amarah

H2S (mol%) 0.25 0.34 0.41 1.8 0.5 0.4

CO2 (mol%) 2.31 2.68 3.03 3.12 5.12 2.56

Mercaptan (ppm(v)) 31 30 30 37 16 4

5 Technical Study of Facility Flexibility for HS and Mercaptan




4444


• Mercaptan type is different for each oilfield.

Mercaptan type Halfaya Amarah Noor MissanCarbonoxysulphide Y Y Y Y

methyl mercaptan Y Y Y Yethyl mercaptan Y Y Y Y

dimethyl sulfide Y Y Y Ycarbon disulfide N Y Y N

special butyl mercaptan N N N Y

isobutyl mercaptan Y Y Y Yn-butyl mercaptan N N N Y

thiophene Y Y Y Y

5 Technical Study of Facility Flexibility for H2S and Mercaptan



45



Base on the composition of raw gas, MDEA is used to remove H2S. Different H2Scontent corresponds to different amine circulation flow.

If more mercaptan in feed gas, the Special Amine Solution is used for mercaptan

removal.

Amine Unit

5.Technical Study of Facility Flexibility for H2S and Mercaptan



46



If H2S content in sour gas is less than 15%, the sulfur recovery process can notensure the recovery rate, only if adding sour gas concentration facility.

If C/S rate in sour gas is less than 0.13, the sulfur recovery process can not ensurethe recovery rate also. SO2 emission may not meet the standard.

Sulfur Recovery and Tail treatment Unit

Normal Claus Unit Claus Tail Gas Treatment Unit




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• Following oilfield development, the feed gas content and rate from

different source may change. Some change may cause much operationand parameter difference with deign scenarios.

• The multiple sources with different H2S and mercaptan content causes

complex conditions to desulfurization and sulfur recovery unit operation.• The H2S and mercaptan content directly affects the amine circulation

flow, sulfur recovery rate, and SO2 emission;

So some operation and critical parameter regulation must be forecasted.This study is necessary for operation optimization of GPP/MGPP in thefuture.


y y y 2 pContent variety in Associated Gas of GPP

5 Technical Study of Facility Flexibility for H2S and Mercaptan




4848


Design Conditions

Design Capacity 140MMSCF/dH2S in Feed Gas 0.28%(V)

CO 2 in Feed Gas 1.81 %(V)

Design Processing

H2S in Pure Gas 15 mg/m 3

H2S in Sour Gas 38 %(V)

Operating Conditions

Design Capacity 140MMSCF/dH2S in Feed Gas 0.28%(V)

CO 2 in Feed Gas 2.46 %(V)

Actual Processing Effects

H2S in Pure Gas Close to 20 mg/m 3

H2S in Sour Gas 28 %(V)

One Natural Gas Processing Plant for Example

Change

• The decreases of H2S volume fraction in sour gas will lead to performance degradation sulfurrecovery operation.

• After simulation, the changing of raw gas content of each component and temperature of leanamine solution are the main reasons that affect the plant stable operation.

• When the feed gas condition varies, a reliable simulation result is concluded through comprehensive analysis which can be used as guide to modify the operational parameters reasonably.



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5.2 Scope of Work

Base on the Basic Design of GPP

• Build simulation model and simulate each case.• Check the flexibility of the main equipment, for example, towers, pumps,

exchangers and control valve, etc., according to the selected case.

• Confirm affected critical parameters; Evaluate the influence of different H2S,CO2 and mercaptan content.

• Analysis the influence of critical parameters; illustrate how to regulate critical

parameters, and gives recommended values of critical parameters.

2Content variety in Associated Gas of GPP

Confidential



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Confidential


6 Doom Roof Tank Gas Seal Research



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According to the latest production data, the production rate of non-sourgas is less than original production profile forecast, and cannot meet therequirement of blanketing gas rate of doom-roof tank.Latest non-sour gas supply is 207400sm3/d and the requirement ofblanketing gas is 257856 sm3/d.

Short of blanketing gas will endanger production safety or bring outequipment damage.

So it is necessary to solve the doom-roof tank gas seal problem.

6 Doom Roof Tank Gas Seal Research



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The field investigation of blanketing gas rate of doom-roof tank;

The doom-roof tank venting and breathing study;

Feasibility study of sour gas blanketing;

Feasibility study of N2 blanketing;

Flare system, oil storage tanks and blanketing gas system adaptability

checking;Optimize solution scheme for doom-roof tank gas seal.

6.2 Scope of Work


Confidential



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7 Halfaya oil field island power system SCADA study




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• CPF1: 3x5.5MW power plant PMS, substation EICS;

• CPF2: 3x10MW power plant PMS, substation EICS;• CPF3: Substation EICS;

IndividualPMS&EICScontrol system operated independently,an centralized

SCADA system is required to control and monitor each individual EICS& PMS system.

The EPC work scope only cover part of oil field with limitation,an integrated

oil field SCADA plan shall be built and be updated with the oil fieldpower system expansion, it will be the over whole design basis &guideline.





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CPF1 POWERPLANT3X5.5MW

10km

66kV OHTL

CPF1 (11.3MW)

CPF2 POWERPLANT3X10MW+5X30MW&66/33kV

SWITCHYARDBase Camp(5.2MW)

33kV OHTL

15kmHPS(14MW)

CPF2

(34.2MW)

FSF (14MW)

GPP

(45.3MW)CPF1 WATER

INJECTION (13.5MW)

FSF (12.4MW)CPF3

(24.3MW)

SWP1 (1.6MW)

CPF1 66/33/11 kVSWITCHYARD

FSF (2.5MW)

66/33kV SWITCHYARD

SWP2

(2.5MW)

Overall Power System in Halfaya

WATER

RESERVOIR

(5MW)

6 6 k V

C a b

l e

WATER INJECTION

STATION (4.5MW)





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The following key technologies of power SCADA shall be included:Configuration of Power SCADA

The power grid control system configuration shall be specified.The general guidance shall be provided for power girdcontrol system design in the future.Load Sharing and Load Shedding Philosophy

In order to realize power load management for overall power grid system, load sharing and load shedding philosophy shallbe optimized in SCADA system.Communication System Configuration

In order to get high reliability, communication system configurationfor power SCADA shall be optimized.


7.2 Scope of Work

Confidential



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8. Research on vibration and its precaution of large-scalereciprocating compressor and its auxiliary pipelines in

HALFAYA

8.Research on vibration and its precaution of large-scalei ti d it ili i li



reciprocating compressor and its auxiliary pipelines

60


1.Reciprocating Compressor is the most important rotatingequipment. Compressor and their pipelines vibration is very likely tooccur and can cause serious loss and even casualties, especially forH2S contained fluid service like Halfaya.

2.Both the number and capacity of reciprocating compressors in

Phase 3 are much larger than that in phase 1 and 2, which meansprecaution of vibration is critical and necessary.

3.This study/research can be applied to double-check the

combination of compressor design(by compressor vendor ) andpipeline design (by EPC contractor) and achieve safe design andloss prevention target.

8.Research on vibration and its precaution of large-scalereciprocating compressor and its auxiliary pipelines



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HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOR

CPF1DISCHARGE PRESS. 3.5MPaDESIGN PRESS. 5.5MPaCAPACITY 650,000Sm 3/DPOWER 1518kW

DISCHARGE PRESS. 1.0MPaDESIGN PRESS. 1.6MPaCAPACITY 310,000Sm 3/DPOWER 860kW

CPF2DISCHARGE PRESS. 3.5MPaDESIGN PRESS. 5.3MPaCAPACITY 1,000,000Sm 3/DPOWER 2700kW

DISCHARGE PRESS. 1.05MPaDESIGN PRESS. 1.4MPaCAPACITY 400,000Sm 3/DPOWER 1101kW

CPF3

DISCHARGE PRESS. 4.7MPa

DESIGN PRESS. 5.2MPaCAPACITY 1,600,000Sm 3/DPOWER 5100kW

DISCHARGE PRESS. 1.05MPa

DESIGN PRESS. 1.4MPaCAPACITY 800,000Sm 3/DPOWER 2100kW

8.2 Comparison of Compressors of 3 Phases





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fatigue damage of pipeline , small caliber pipeline damagedparticularly.

damage of pipe insulation material .

damage of measuring instruments and the ducts on them,wrong signal of controlling system.

pipeline swing/vibration, noise , etc.

Body Vibration Axis Bending Vibrationand Torsional Vibration

Fluid Solid Coupling

Vibration of PipingSystem

8.3 Vibration Types and The Hazards




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Compressorsin HALFAYA:Compressorsin HALFAYA:

4reciprocatingcompressors

with highpressure,

power 5.1MW

4reciprocatingcompressors

with highpressure,

power 5.1MW

2 with lowpressure,

power 2.1MW

2 with lowpressure,

power 2.1MW

Fig 4 Plot Plan of Gas Compressor Area in HALFAYA 3


8.4 Scope of Work




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The following analysis will be carried out:

Static AnalysisModal AnalysisForced Response AnalysisFluid-solid coupled analysis

reciprocating compressor and its auxiliary pipelines8.4 Scope of Work

Package manufacturer and detailed engineering party cooperation:optimize reciprocating compressor and piping design .

Confidential



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9. Compatibility study for oil-field chemicals

9.Compatibility study for oil-field chemicals



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The composition of HALFAYA oilfield produced fluid is very complex, and the required qualityof treated oil, gas and water is very high.Chemicals dosage of HALFAYA oilfield is high. Mainly performances are as follows:

• Many kinds of chemicals should be injected into the system of oil-gas-water gatheringand transportation. Such as demulsifier, defoamer, reverse demulsifier, corrosioninhibitor (including oil soluble, water soluble, vapor phase ), scale inhibitor, etc. Types &dosage of chemicals used in CPF1 are shown as follows.





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• Compared to the normal oilfield, the dosage of the chemicals is high in HALFAYAoilfield. Taking corrosion inhibitor as an example, the dosage is nearly twice as muchas normally. At the same time, due to pH of produced water is only 4.8, NaOH is

also injected into the system for adjustment.• With the total production increasing, the types and dosage of the oilfield chemicals

will increase.So many kinds and quantity of chemicals are injected and existed in the production

systems. The possibilities may exist are shown as follows:• The synergistic effects between chemicals (good compatibility). The synergistic

effects are mainly caused by physical mechanism. It is helpful to improve chemicaleffects and final quality of crude oil, produced water and gas.

• The chemical reactions may occur between oilfield chemicals. This reaction mayresult in the chemical effects reduction, even the reaction products may result in thepollution of gas, oil and water, and safety risk of the gathering & transferring system.




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Typical chemical types:• Demulsifier: non-ionic type; cationic type; silicon-containing heterocycle type etc.• Reverse demulsifier: anionic type; metal-containing type, non-ionic type etc.• Corrosion inhibitor: oxidized type; non-ionic type; anionic type etc.• Scale inhibitor: anionic organic type; inorganic complex etc.

Because so many kinds of chemicals exist, reactions would occur among them in the system.For example, as mentioned above, anionic organic compounds could react with cationicorganic compounds, and also oxidized compounds would destroy the structure of organiccompounds which would affect the performance of chemicals.



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DEMULSIFIER DEFOAMER

Typical physical reaction example:• For a specific system, the optimized dosage and performance of demulsifier are

related with demusifier CMC (Critical micelle concentration). The effect of ion on

CMC is in accordance with below formula:

Herein: ci--the total concentration of demulsifier and ion.• Other surfactants (such as defoamer ) effect mechanism are as follows: other

surfactants embedded in the micelle and are helpful / helpless to the micellestructure.




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Typical chemical reaction example:• PAL is common water clarifier and Al3+ plays a main role. When PAL encounters

with PH regulator NaOH, the following reaction will happen and renders PAL lesseffective and precipitation, which leads to the risk of pipeline block.

• Anionic organic compounds can react with cationic organic compounds, whichrender agent failure and precipitation.

In order to avoid the above reaction, the study about the chemical compatibility should be

carried out. The research results will be used to guide the chemical selection and to get thesynergistic effects between chemicals, and the whole effect of chemicals will be enhanced.




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9. 2 Scope of Work

Site and literature investigate, include investigating structure types andcharacteristics, injective process etc. Analysis test planning;Optimization tests-optimize chemical types, chemical injecting process and relatedparameters.

Condition tests-determine the appropriate chemical types, depending on theproduction process, parameters and produced water properties of HALFAYA oilfield;Compatibility tests -determine the compatibility theory and guide rule of thechemicals covered oil, gas and water phase;Report preparation-compile operation instructions for selection principle &compatibility of chemicals, and compile compatibility evaluation standard;

Confidential



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10. Study on water injection system in Halfaya oil field

10.Study on water injection system in Halfaya oil field



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Table 1.1-1 Production Profilefor CPF1

With the increasing water cut during the development of HALFAYA oil field, large scalewater injection shall be carried out for CPF1, CPF2 and CPF3.


Year

Water injection

Well

convert to Water

injection well

Water Cut Oily

waterWater

InjectionMake Up

water Production time and Capacity

% KB/d KB/d MB/d

2016 0 0 19.4 35.0 0.0

Water Injection: 210,000BWPD , Y2016~Y20182017 4 24 30.6 55.0 207.8 152.8

2018 1 2 46.8 99.0 209.5 110.52019 2 54.2 129.3 239.8 110.5

Water Injection: 300,000BWPD , Y2019~Y20212020 1 58.3 151.0 271.1 120.1

2021 3 62.1 175.1 296.9 121.8

2022 2 64.1 189.6 352.3 162.7

Water Injection: up to 440,000BWPD, Y2022~Y2029

2023 3 66.8 212.2 401.8 189.6

2024 3 70.4 248.5 439.6 191.12025 3 73.6 290.4 389.9 99.5

2026 2 74.9 309.5 364.5 55.0

2027 2 75.8 324.2 357.6 33.4

2028 2 76.4 334.6 355.7 21.1

2029 2 78.4 374.1 395.1 21.0




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Year

Water injection

Well

convert to Water

injection well

WaterCut

Oilywater

WaterInjection

Make Up water

Production time and Capacity

% MB/d MB/d MB/d

2017 0 0 19.8 52.0 0

Water Injection: 260,000BWPD , Y2017~Y20202018 5 26 25.0 65.0 222 157

2019 2 34.8 95.0 252 157

2020 3 48.3 127.3 256 129

2021 2 56.7 156.1 294 138Water Injection: up to 320,000BWPD, Y2021~Y2022

2022 4 60.2 175.9 312 137

2023 3 63.8 200.8 336 135

Water Injection: up to400,000BWPD, Y2023~Y20262024 2 66.9 220.4 350 130

2025 2 68.9 240.4 370 130

2026 1 71.4 270.4 400 130

2027 1 73.8 300.3 429 128

Water Injection: up to530,000BWPD, Y2027~Y2033

2028 0 75.9 330.2 457 127

2029 0 78.1 370.1 496 126

2030 1 75.4 317.0 442 125

2031 78.5 375.6 501 125

2032 79.6 399.6 525 125

2033 81.2 397.4 510 113




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Year

Water injection

Well

convert to Water

injection well

WaterCut

Oilywater

WaterInjection

Make Up water

Production time and Capacity

% MB/d MB/d MB/d2017 0 0 0.0 22 0

Water Injection: 250,000BWPD , Y2017~Y20212018 0 0 0.0 22 0

2019 2 13 0.0 22 216 194

2020 2 7 7.3 38 232 194

2021 1 2 11.1 47 241 194

2022 2 0 28.2 101 295 194

Water Injection: up to 450,000BWPD, Y2022~Y2027

2023 1 0 37.8 143 337 194

2024 3 2 45.3 188 382 194

2025 2 3 47.9 206 400 194

2026 5 3 49.5 218 412 194

2027 11 0 53.3 250 444 1942028 10 0 59.2 313 507 194

Water Injection: up to740,000BWPD, Y2027~Y2033

2029 9 0 61.1 336 530 194

2030 7 70.7 504 699 194

2031 8 70.9 509 703 194

2032 5 72.2 541 735 194

2033 8 72.5 539 730 191




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Treated produced water specification:

Oil:≤10mg/L ; SS: ≤10mg/LParticle size of SS: ≤8μm; O2: ≤0.05mg/L

Table 1.1-3 Produced Water Analysis

HF-5 HF-3 HF-3

Formation Mishrif Nahr Umr Mishrif

Cations

Sodium ,Na +(mg/l) 60369.4 67268.8 67257.3

Calcium,Ca 2+ (mg/l) 8000 11600 9200

Magnesium,Mg 2+ (mg/l) 1944 1458 2430

Potassium, K + (mg/l) 1707.3 858.0 2081.4

Strontium,Sr 2+ (mg/l) 497.9 386.1 1140.5

Iron ,Fe (mg/l) Nil 137.3 Nil

Anions

Chloride ,CI -(mg/l) 114487.5 129575 129575

Sulphate,SO 42- (mg/l) 360 360 320

Carbonate ,CO 32-(mg/l) Nil Nil Nil

Bicarbonate,HCO 3- (mg/l) 451.4 329.4 427.0




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According to development data, the water injection development will be

carried out. The total water injection quantity for CPF1, CPF2 and CPF3 is1680,000BWPD. The total cost estimate for water injection system is about

956 million USD. Cause the large water injection capacity and the high cost

estimate, study and optimize the water injection system is necessary.




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• Material selection issue study.

According to produced water and make-up water analysis, the water maybecorroded metal pipe. For example, the produced water temperature is

70~85, the pH is 4~5, the system pressure is 25MPa, and the Cl- contant

is 129575ppm, it is a hard work to give a suitable material choice. Material

selection for different injection water should be studied.




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• The overall layout of water injection station and distribution valve groupand pipeline route shall be selected and optimized.

Lots of water injection wells scatter around or far away from the CPF1,

CPF2 and CPF3. Based on water injection wells locations, centralizedwater injection, scattered water injection or composite of both shall bestudied.

• Staged construction for water injection system shall be studied. According to development data, the water injection quantity is raised everyyear, the capacity of water injection station for different stage shall bestudied.




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Study the material selection for water injection.

To study the material selection for different injection water (treated

produced water, surface water, sea water and unground water) in Halfaya

oilfield;

To study the possibility for raise the PH to 6~7 of treated water;To optimize the material of water injection pipeline;

Optimize the water injection method

Research on current water injection method in other oilfield;

To optimize the water injection method: centralized water injection,

scattered water injection or composite of both.

10.2 Scope of Work




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Optimize the water injection system layout

To optimize Injection station layout;

To optimize the distribution valve group;

To optimize pipeline route;Optimize water injection station capacity for different stage

Confidential



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11. QRA (Quantity Risk Analysis)Study Reportof GPP in Halfaya oil field

11.QRA Study Report of GPP in Halfaya oil field



84

GPP(Gas Process Plant) will be built in HALFAYA oil field near CPF2 with complicated treated process,

various hazards, which will have important role during the development of HALFAYA oil field. In this study

quantitative risk analysis, risk evaluation and simulation results for the accident will be made to formulatecorresponding security plan and goal to prevent and control the happening of calamity in QRA report and at

the same time check the relative engineering of FEED (though FEED engineering meet the requirement of

relative codes and standards) and optimize it if necessary as well as to support the work in next phase.

In general, the necessity for the QRA study for GPP are as follows:

1. The process and inventory in GPP is highly dangerous and if accident happens there may be great loss

both for people’s life and facilities. Therefore it is necessary to identify and quantify risk related to

hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon hazards in GPP.

2. It is necessary to compare the risk level against agreed tolerance criteria and determine risk reduction

measures or mitigation to ensure risk is reduced to as low as reasonably practicable.

3. Check FEED engineering.

4. A certain support and basis will be provided by the QRA study for the work of GPP in the next phase.





• In Simple Terms:

Risk = Likelihood x Consequence

• Risk – The likelihood of a specific undesired event occurring within a specified period or specified

circumstance

• RISK = the sum, over all possible accident scenarios, of:(no. of fatalities) x (annual probability)

Introduction to QRA




Targets, Criteria

Project Description

Identification of FailureCases

Frequency Analysis Consequence Analysis

Risk summation

Evaluation,Recommendations

Introduction to QRA




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Additional risk reductionmeasures must be pursued

Demonstration of ALARP shall be made.Risk can be tolerated if further riskreduction is impracticable or if the costand effort is unreasonably disproportionalto the benefit gained

ALARPRegion

Consider cost effective risk reduction measures.No need for detailed working to demonstrate ALARP

Medium(Tolerable) Risk

Low(Broadly

Acceptable)Risk

Intolerable Risk Additional risk reductionmeasures must be pursued

Demonstration of ALARP shall be made.Risk can be tolerated if further riskreduction is impracticable or if the costand effort is unreasonably disproportionalto the benefit gained

ALARPRegion

Consider cost effective risk reduction measures.No need for detailed working to demonstrate ALARP

Medium(Tolerable) Risk

Low(Broadly

Acceptable)Risk

Intolerable Risk

ALARP (As low as reasonable and practicable)Process




• Remember

Risk =∑(Likelihood x Consequence)

• Individual Risk Per Annum – is defined as the probability of an individual being killed by the accident

scenario per unit time – Risk to a person in an identifiable position due to the job – Takes into account:

• time at work• time in different work locations

Risk Calculation

L i S ifi I di id l Ri k (LSIR)




Contour of Individual Risk Level5E-05 is confined within plantboundaryContour of Individual Risk Level1E-06 is also confined within plantboundary

Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR)

QRA S f T l




Model Name Purpose Details

PHASTFRED

Cirrus

Physical EffectsModelling FRED /PHAST/ Cirrus should be used to model thephysical effects of a range of representative productsfor input into the risk model. Physical effectsconsidered include:Flash fire, Jet fire

Pool fireToxicity etc.

PHAST RISK

Shell Shepherd

Quantitative Risk Analysis

The mentioned software should be used to integratethe results of frequency and consequence modelling,together with population data to produce the risklevels in terms of Individual Risk Per Annum andPotential Loss of Life.

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QRA Software Tools


11 2 S f W k



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11.2 Scope of Work

1. Study the consequence modeling software and make the database ,such

as fire explosion parameter, the basis of the model of the local atmospheric

parameters and hazards types and properties.

2. According to simulated calculation of influence scope, identify possiblerisk of explosion and degree of fire and explosion accidents.

3. Finish the QRA report and according to the results make corresponding

security plan ,measure and goal to prevent and control the happening of

calamity.

Confidential



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12. Study for Custody Transfer Metering (LPG)




93


LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)will be produced in GPP/MGPP, PCH will

transfer the LPG to transporter through the Custody Metering System. Hence,Precise measurement during custody transfer operations is critical to ensurePCH&MOC demands.Selecting the right meter for the GPP with a high level of confidence isimperative to ensure accurate measurement at the lowest the costof PCH&MOC. According to the lessons learn of the Crude Oil in the Phase1 and Phase2,

Several months are spent to determine the type of custody transfer meterwith MOC.




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As per the standard “Hydrocarbon Measurement Code-MOO”, there are

clarify mentioned 3 types oil product shall be measured by CTMS include:Crude oil, Natural Gas and Hydrocarbon Product.Meantime it mentioned, PD meter, Turbine meter, Coriolis meter andUltrasonic meter shall be used for Hydrocabon, certainly LPG is one kindof Hydrocarbon, but what kind of the meter shall be used in HFY fromthese 4 type meters , which type of the calibration methodology shall beused in the future , how can we get more Precise and whatelse meter can

we choose in GPP/MGPP according to NFPA 58 , 59,API and anotherinternational standard shall be considered.




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12.2 Scope of Work

1) Study LPG transfer metering technology include thecalibration system

2) Research the specifications, codes and standards, etc;3) Investigate and contact with the related vendors;

4) Compare potential types of meters5) Prepare deliverables

Confidential



96

13. Safety Operation Study in CPF1 and CPF2

13 1 Project Setting Background and Justification

13. Safety Operation Study of CPF1 and CPF2



97


The safety operating parameters (such as alarm points and shut

down setting) of CPF1 and CPF2 need to be optimized andregulated after start-up due to actual condition; mainly focus on

heat medium pressure and temperature, pressure inlet and outlet

of heat exchanger, etc.

Example

The pressure low alarm of heat medium system in CPF1 is 2.5barg

originally, which is changed to 1.5barg during normal operating

because the pressure drop is too small in first few years of new plant.





98


Due to different contractors construction in CPF1, there are many

interfaces among different contractors and different engineering

company philosophy. Gaps may exist in control system, operating

and coordination. Check and improve to eliminate the potential risk

from different projects.





99


To further advise the operator timely carry out action when facing

emergency condition or regular inspection through the HAZOP check,

sample analyze.

Example:

1. For test separator in HAZOP report, flow may be more when the choke valve on the

well is full open not on demand, lead to inaccurate test and exceed erosional velocity.

It is needed by operator intervention.

2. Calculate the skimming time as per actual oil content in produced water, advise the

manual operating period.





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To recheck, analyze the related safety control loop to guarantee the

safety operation in CPF1 and CPF2.

To advise rectifications for CPF1 and CPF2, to improve and optimize

CPF3 design engineering.

13.2 Scope of Work

13. Safety Operation Study in CPF1 and CPF2



101

13.2 Scope of Work

Site investigation;

Compare site operational condition with design document;

Study safety operation regulation in CPF1 and CPF2;

According actual condition, analyze operability defect;

Finish the report and give optimization scheme for safety operation.

Confidential



102

14. Application Study of EPON (Ethernet Passive OpticalNetwork)in Oil Field

14. Application Study of EPON in Oil Field




103

• 1) According to the actual situation of Phase I & II, Buried FiberCables between PAD/OGMs and CPFalways be cut, datatransmission also be interrupted.

• 2) High-voltage power line for PAD/OGMs willform a ringaroundCPF. 24 cores Optical Fiber Composite Ground Wire (OPGW) be

used in this power line. It will be used as backup route forPAD/OGMs data transmission.

• 3) Each PAD/OGM needs 12 cores fiber while using general

transmission technology, 24 cores OPGW only meets 2PAD/OGMs, but more than 10 PAD/OGMs around CPFs. EPONtechnology can solve lack of fiber.


14. Application Study of EPON in Oil Field

14.2 Scope of Work



• Research of EPON technology and product;

• Study of EPON technology typical application in other industry;

• Design and experiment of EPON solution for HALFAYA oilfield;

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14.2 Scope of Work



105

Thank You For Your Support!

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