EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE PHYSICAL AND

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES SYNTHESIS FROM SNAIL

SHELLS

Nurul Afifah Binti Taib (168826)

Phy 4999a

Supervisor: Prof Sidek Abd. Aziz

OUTLINES

INTRODUCTIONS PROBLEM

STATEMENTS OBJECTIVES

LITERATURE

REVIEW METHODOLOGY

EXPECTED

RESULTS

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION OF RESEARCH

• Large amount of waste products disposed by industrial and communities gives huge impacts to environmental

• Thus some proper treatments are highly required for the environment.

• Most food wastes contain valuable minerals that can be used as raw materials for the production of glass, ceramic and glass-ceramic.

• To produce wollastonite glass ceramics, waste materials are mixed with soda-lime-silica (SLS) glass and controlled by its composition and heat treatment.

WOLLASTONITE

Named in honor of English mineralogist

and chemist Sir William Hyde

Wolastone (1766-1828)

- 𝑪𝒂𝑺𝒊𝒐𝟑 (48.3% of CaO and 51.7% of

𝑺𝒊𝑶𝟐)

High brightness and whiteness

Low moisture and oil absorption

widely used as a flux in the casting of steel

and in the production of paints

and coatings.

SODA-LIME-SILICA (SLS) GLASS

Type of glass use for window panes and

glass container

Composition:

60 wt. % – 75 wt. % silica,

12 wt. % – 18 wt. % soda

5 wt. % – 12 wt. % lime

Has a good chemical durability, high

electrical resistivity

Least expensive and widely use of all the

glasses

Saves 75% of the energy it takes to

make glass from raw materials

SNAIL SHELLS (CaO)

Scientific name of snail is Cerithidea

Obtusa

High proportion of calcium carbonate

𝑪𝒂𝑪𝒐𝟑 𝒔 →𝑪𝒂𝑶 𝒔 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐 (𝒈)

Calcium oxide is a white crystalline

solid with a melting point of

2572°C.

Inexpensive and can easily obtained

Widely use in many industry, agriculture

or medicine

PROBLEM STATEMENTS

Recently, we have to deal with the problem of disposal of

waste. Many people do not know some waste materials can

be recycled and reused and gives the advantage back to

our earth.

Throwing rubbish indiscriminately regarded as

environmentally unfriendly.

Recycled product is highly demand in most countries.

So, in this project, we use waste materials to make it more

valuable in industrial of plastics, paints and coatings, and

even as a bone substitution.

This project can also reduce pollution and reduce waste

that may gives harm to the earth.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this project are:

To produce wollastonite glass ceramics from waste snails and SLS glass.

To study the effect of heat treatment for different composition of waste snails and SLS glass.

To analyse the samples by using various kind of measurement such as XRD, XRF, FTIR and also density.

LITERATURE REVIEW

WOLLASTONITE

AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS

Azarov et al.

(1995)

Wollastonite Raw

Materials and Their

Applications

• It decrease the firing temperature of

ceramics, improve their strength,

decrease the firing and drying

shrinkages and the temperature of

formation of the vitreous phase.

(Yoon, Lee, Lee,

Yun, & Yoon, 2013)

Characterization of

Wollastonite Glass-

ceramics Made from

Waste Glass and Coal

Fly Ash

• Various heat treatment temperatures

were used to obtain glass-ceramics of

the ideal wollastonite crystal phase as

well as optimum mechanical properties

and chemical durability.

AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS

(Lu, Lu, Peng, Li,

& Jiang, 2014)

Influence of Particle

Size On Sinterability,

Crystallisation

Kinetics and Flexural

Strength of

Wollastonite Glass-

ceramics From Waste

Glass and Fly Ash

• Wollastonite glass-ceramics were

prepared by the pressureless sintering

of waste glass and fly ash powders

with two different particle sizes.

• As compared to coarse powders, the

sintered glass ceramics from fine

powders have fast sintering rate, high

bulk density and the reduced sintering

activation energy.

SODA-LIME-SILICA (SLS) GLASS

AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS

Varashneya

(1994)

Fundamentals of

Inorganic

Glasses

SLS has a good chemical durability,

high electrical resistivity and good

spectral emission in the visible

region.

Shelby (2005) Introduction to

Glass Science

and Technology

The refractive index and density of

SLS glass are greater than of vitreous

silica due to the filling of interstices

in the network by the ions (𝑁𝑎+) and

calcium ions (𝐶𝑎2+).

METHODOLOGY

Collecting raw materials

Heat in oven at 200ºC for 2 hours

Crushing

Grinding Seiving

Undergo calcination process at 900ºC for 4

hours Weighing and mixing

Milling process (50rpm for 24 hours)

Melt and quenching process at 1500ºC for

4 hours

Grind the glass frits into powder

Pelleting process Heat treament Further analysis

EXPECTED RESULTS

ANALYSIS EXPECTED RESULT

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Characterization of crystalline

materials and the

determination of their

structure.

X-ray Fluorescent (XRF) The elemental composition

and characterization.

Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Chemical bonds in a molecule.

Density Measure of how compact the

mass in a substance.

REFERENCES Shukur, M. M., Al-majeed, E. A., & Obied, M. M. (2014). Characteristic of

Wollastonite Synthesized from Local Raw Materials. International Journal of

Engineering and Technology, 4(7), 426–429.

Yoon, S.-D., Lee, J.-U., Lee, J.-H., Yun, Y.-H., & Yoon, W.-J. (2013).

Characterization of Wollastonite Glass-ceramics Made from Waste Glass and Coal

Fly Ash. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 29(2), 149–153.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2012.12.002

Azarov, G., Maiorova, E., Oborina, M., & Belyakov, A. (1995). Wollastonite raw

materials and their applications (a review). Glass and Ceramics, 52, 237–240.

http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00681090

A. K. Varshneya (1994), Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, Academic press, Inc.

San Diego.

Shelby, J.E. (2005), Introduction to Glass Science and Technology, The Royal

Society of Chemistry, Chapter 1-3, 5, 10

Lu, J., Lu, Z., Peng, C., Li, X., & Jiang, H. (2014). Influence of particle size on

sinterability, crystallisation kinetics and flexural strength of wollastonite glass-

ceramics from waste glass and fly ash. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 148(1-

2), 449–456. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.08.013

THANK YOU