2015 04 teias - uspecologia.ib.usp.br/guimaraes/aula/2015_04_teias.pdf · 2015-10-06 · together...
TRANSCRIPT
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Psalter 1284
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Teias tróficas
1. O que são teias tróficas? 2. Efeitos indiretos e cascatas tróficas 3. Estrutura e estabilidade em teias tróficas 4. Resumo 5. Sugestão de leitura
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Ao final da aula, nós deveremos saber:
1. o que são efeitos indiretos
3. como a estrutura influencia a propagação de efeitos indiretos
2. como estabilidade e complexidade estão relacionadas
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Teias tróficas
1. O que são teias tróficas? 2. Efeitos indiretos e cascatas tróficas 3. Estrutura e estabilidade em teias tróficas 4. Resumo 5. Sugestão de leitura
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I am tempted to give one more instance showing how plants and animals, most remote in the scale of nature, are bound together by a web of complex relations
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Seleção IV: Teias tróficas e mutualismos
1. Teia trófica: é uma rede formada pelas interações tróficas entre diferentes espécies
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Como montar uma rede?
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P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
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P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
p1 1
p2
p3
p4
p5
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P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
p1 1
p2
p3 0
p4
p5
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P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
p1 1 1 1 1 1
p2 1 1 1 0 0
p3 0 1 0 1 1
p4 1 0 0 0 0
p5 1 0 0 0 0
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P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
p1 30 33 24 9 121
p2 1 90 1 0 0
p3 0 150 0 15 1
p4 120 0 0 0 0
p5 240 0 0 0 0
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Teias tróficas
1. O que são teias tróficas? 2. Efeitos indiretos e cascatas tróficas 3. Estrutura e estabilidade em teias tróficas 4. Resumo 5. Sugestão de leitura
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Efeito indireto: definição
1. Efeito indireto é uma mudança na abundância de uma espécie causada por uma espécie que não interage diretamente com ela
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Efeito indireto
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Efeitos inesperados
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- Cascata trófica
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Cascata trófica: definição
1. Cascata trófica é uma mudança causada por uma espécie em uma teia trófica que tem efeitos alternados em diferentes níveis tróficos
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Cascata trófica
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+Cascata trófica?
Não é alternado!
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Teias tróficas
1. O que são teias tróficas? 2. Efeitos indiretos e cascatas tróficas 3. Estrutura e estabilidade em teias tróficas 4. Resumo 5. Sugestão de leitura
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Estabilidade
1. Estabilidade no tempo
2. Dois componentes:
Resiliência: quão rápido a comunidade retorna ao equilíbrio Resistência: quão difícil é para a comunidade sair do equilíbrio
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Estabilidade
1. Estabilidade no tempo
2. Dois componentes:
Resiliência: quão rápido a comunidade retorna ao equilíbrio Resistência: quão difícil é para a comunidade sair do equilíbrio
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Comunidades diversas são estáveis?
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Depende da estrutura da teia trófica
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Complexidade = Conectância
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R.#May#'#1972
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R.#May#'#1972
Conectância = Interações observadas / interações possíveis
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R.#May#'#1972
Conectância (complexidade) = Interações observadas / interações possíveis
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Interações possíveis: todos interagem com todos
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P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
p1 - + + - 0
p2 + - + 0 0
p3 - - - + 0
p4 + 0 + - +
p5 0 0 0 - -
Dinâmica
A Matriz Comunitária
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Instável
Estável
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Instável
Estável
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Teias tróficas
1. O que são teias tróficas? 2. Efeitos indiretos e cascatas tróficas 3. Estrutura e estabilidade em teias tróficas 4. Resumo 5. Sugestão de leitura
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Interações
Teias tróficas
Estrutura
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Interações
Teias tróficas
Estrutura
Efeitos indiretos
Cascatas tróficas
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Interações
Teias tróficas
Estrutura
Efeitos indiretos
Cascatas tróficasEstabilidade
Complexidade
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Teias tróficas
1. O que são teias tróficas? 2. Efeitos indiretos e cascatas tróficas 3. Estrutura e estabilidade em teias tróficas 4. Resumo 5. Sugestão de leitura
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