2015 01-21 rey ty political science roskin ch 3 political ideologies
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Rey Ty
Political Ideologies
Rey Ty
Rey Ty
Source:•Michael G. Roskin, Robert L. Cord, James A. Medeiros, & Walter S. Jones. (2012). Political Science: An Introduction. New York: Pearson Longman.
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Ideology
A belief system PragmaticNot scientific,
but prescription
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Ideologies1
Classical Liberalism
2 Classical
Conservatism
3 Modern
Liberalism
4 Modern
Conservatism
5 Marxist Socialism
6 Social Democracy
7 Communism
8 Mao Zedong Thought &
Titoism
9 Nationalism
10 Fascism
11 Collapse of Soviet
Socialism
12 Neo-Conservatism
13 Libertarianism
14 Feminism
15 Environmentalism
16 End of Ideology?
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Classical Liberalism
Locke
Life, Liberty, & Property
Adam Smith
Competitive Markets
Rey Ty© 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Problem with Smith’s Free Markets
Competition leads to cartels & monopolies
Creates few rich & many poor
Firms use free goods (airs & water) lead to shortages &
pollution
Firms’ bad practices can damage public
safety (melamine in Chinese milk)
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Classic Conservatism
Edmund Burke
Humans are
corrupt, irrational,
& passionate
Long-held institutions
& traditions
Local issues must be decided locally when
possible
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Modern Liberalism
J. M. Keynes: Reliance on government
Thomas Green (1880s): Free market takes away freedom; need positive freedom
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Modern Conservatism
Developed from Classical Liberalism!
Reagan & Thatcher: minimal government
Edmund Burke: importance of tradition (esp. religion)
Smith’s free markets
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Marxist Socialism
Marx: workers oppressed in 19C capitalist
industrial societies
With class consciousness
& misery, proletariat
will overthrow capitalism
High level of production
sufficient goods
Communism: withering
away of the state
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Social DemocracyEduard
Bernstein led Social
Democrats to elect
Reichstag members
Improve conditions of masses with social programs
After WW2,
abandoned revolution, Marxism,
& state ownership of industry
Welfare states:
high taxes to support
social programs
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CommunismOpposed to imperialism,
mostly European
Organization: as they are defenseless to secret
police, organization is small, secretive, & tightly organized
Comintern: under former Soviet Union
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Mao & TitoMao Zedong
Thought: Guerrilla warfare & cultural
revolution
Titoism: Mild, decentralized form
of socialism
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NationalismInflated conviction in one’s country’s superiority
Nation as crucial human value in 19th C
Resent rule by a different population or country
May lead to isolationism
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Fascism20th C
nationalism: Mussolini & Hitler
Individuals serve the state
Countries compete with one
another
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Collapse of Soviet Socialism
1980s, USSR exhausted
Gorbachev’s reform: Glasnost (openness),
Perestroika (econ. restructuring), &
democracy (with rule of law)
Efforts failed1991 Hard-line communists’
attempted coup failed
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Neo-Conservatism
Started as a liberals’ reaction to the Great
Society programs
Welfare does not work & creates a
perpetually dependent class
No to multiculturalism & relativism that
downgrades traditional U.S. values
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LibertarianismLibertarian: High
individual freedom, low government
intervention, & high open markets
No to conservatives: low personal freedom & high open markets
No to liberals: high personal freedoms &
low economic markets
Libertarians: no to taxes, bureaucracies, &
keep an eye on government intervention
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Feminism1960s Civil rights
movement inspired feminism
Socially constructed gender roles limited women’s social, pol, & econ advancement
Progress: ½ of university attendance
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Environmentalism
1960s: Rachel Carson’s Silent
Spring: pesticides
destroy the environment
Decrease consumption & slow down
environmental damage
Green movements & parties on the
rise
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End of Ideology?
Daniel Bell: End of USSR = End of Ideology
Fukuyama: End of History. Liberalism won.
Huntington disagrees. Clash of Civilizations
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Reference:•Michael G. Roskin, Robert L. Cord, James A. Medeiros, & Walter S. Jones. (2012). Political Science: An Introduction. New York: Pearson Longman.
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Political Ideologies
Rey Ty