2013 12-05-sirris-materials-workshop-lunar-base-pambaguian

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use

Additive manufacturing on the moon

Dr. Laurent Pambaguian Vilvoorde 05/12/2013



Lunar Environment Atmosphere



Lunar Environment Magnetic field



Lunar Environment Soil

Eugene A. Cernan Apollo 17



Lunar Environment Temperature

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This shows the daytime and nighttimes temperatures of the moon. In the sunlight, the temperature would be roughly 110C … but when we move into the shadow temperatures could quickly drop to -153C This means that our base could have potentially a temperature difference of over 250C



Lunar Environment Vs. Sun orientation

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Why do we always see the same side of the Moon from Earth? The Moon always shows us the same face because Earth's gravity has slowed down the Moon's rotational speed. The Moon takes as much time to rotate once on its axis as it takes to complete one orbit of Earth. (Both are about 27.3 Earth days.) In other words, the Moon rotates enough each day to compensate for the angle it sweeps out in its orbit around Earth.



Lunar Site selection

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Our site is on the moon, … on the edge of the Shackleton crater, … This site is about 50km by 50km , … and the crater is 4km deep We did an analysis of where we would have eternal sunglight …



Requirements

• No atmosphere

• No Magnetic field

• Low gravity

• No rotation

• Micrometeoroids impact • Gamma radiation • Vacuum • Temperature variations

• Charged particles impact • Charged regolith

• Slow settling of particles

• Sun illumination



Lunar Survival Tool Kit

Safe dwelling fitting in launcher fairing Option 1: bring it fully furnished Option 2: bring the tool for building it

Can we use option 2? ITT from ESA, GSP study.



The precursors

Stanislas Sorel (no photo) 1837: patent on iron galvanic protection using zinc bath 1867 New form of concrete based on magnesium salts

Prof. Joseph Davidovits Chemist and Egyptologist 1979 1st patent on geopolymeric resin 1983 Publish “Alchemy and the Pyramids”



The selected team

Enrico Dini

Space industry

Architects

Process control

Print technologies

Xavier de Kestelier

Valentina Colla Giovanni Cesaretti



The 3D Printing process



Printing under vacuum

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Another problem was the printing witrh a liquid in a vacuum. Our solution was printing under neath the surface, … here tested in a vacuum chamber at Alta



Lunar Base design using printer



Lunar base conception


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We decided on foams, Hard shell and loose powder.. Also, … at whatever stage you build them, .. They always create a good platform to build from.


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We wanted to test this out, … so we used printer from Unrico Dini to print out a sample, … is 6 times thicker


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So to quickly recap…


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Out of that comes an inflatable


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Bt to protect this strctre, we would need to somehow created a sheild around it


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But anyway, for people who are not aware of it, .. It is a techniques where we can manufacturer objects directly from a digital file, virtually slice that object and by constructing it layer by layer My cup for example was constructed that way in our office a couple of days Her eis an example o how we envision this on the moon, .. Small rover that brings in loose regolith and solidifies it layer by layer. The chemical process we use for that was invented by our collaborator Enrico Dini. There were two problems with the binding agent, … we need water and we need mangnesium oxide ,… which we are not sure if we can find that on the moon. So our solution was not to completely print the full depoth of the protection sheild. But how could we minimise it , .. So what are light extremelky optimised structure, … the best anwser always come from natures….



3D Print of 3D print concept

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Here is a cut away section which show the hard shell base module , … with an airlock The inflatable in blue and then a shield on top of that. , … this shield is needed for various reasons



Let’s dream

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All these factors , gamma radiation, meteorite impact and temperature fluctuations were incorporated to calculate the optimise the thickness and shape of our shield How could we create this shield? With what sort of material ?



Toward a modular concept



What else for 3D printing?

GSP study Use 3D printer for spare parts

Clamp band replacement

Fastener & screw driver

One part complex manifold

New items e.g. sample container

2013 12-05-sirris-materials-workshop-lunar-base-pambaguian

Technology