2013 11 01 fighting counterfeiting: a comparative study on the legal means to fight counterfeiting...
TRANSCRIPT
Fighting Infringement of IPRs The European Approach
Chinese University of Hong Kong Friday 1st November 2013
Emmanuel GILLET, Ph D Visiting Scholar,European Union Academic Programme in Hong Kong
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Overview of IPRs
« Overview of IPRs
« Why Talking About Counterfeiting? « Economics of IPRs in the European Union « Counterfeiting: EU Statistics « Counterfeiting: Ethical Issues / Social Offenses
« How Fighting Against Counterfeiting? « EU Legal Framework « Awareness Campaigns « Cooperation
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Overview of IPRs
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Original literary works, films, musical compositions, paintings, photographs, computer software, etc.
« Overview of IPRs
« Copyright
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Pablo Picasso Succession Picasso FR
SolidWorks3D Dassault Systems FR
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Copyright
« Overview of IPRs
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Copyright
« Overview of IPRs
Composer Interpreter
Franz Liszt (1811-1886) 郎朗 (1982 - )
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Trademarks
« Overview of IPRs
Recognizable signs identifying products or services of a particular company Trademark law protects; - Trademarks owners; and - Consumers
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Trademarks
« Overview of IPRs
European Community Trademark A single registration for 28 countries 500 million consumers
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Designs
« Overview of IPRs
Creations consisting of a 2D or 3D shape
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Designs
« Overview of IPRs
European Community Design A single registration for 28 countries 500 million consumers
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Designs
« Overview of IPRs European community design for a boat, created and registered by Philippe Starck
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
European community designs for a series of bags, created and registered by Louis Vuitton
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Geographical Indications
« Overview of IPRs
Recognizable signs used on eligible products produced in a specific geographical location with specific material and particular and recognized knowledge
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Overview of IPRs
« Geographical Indications
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Overview of IPRs
« Geographical Indications
Champagne 香槟 Champagne
EU symbol China symbol
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Overview of IPRs
« Patents
Inventions that provide technological solutions to technological problems
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Overview of IPRs
« Patents
European patent One registration for 28 countries +
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Economics of IPR in the EU
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Economics of IPR in the EU
• About 50% of EU industries are IPR intensive • IPR-intensive industries account for 1/3rd of all jobs in the EU
• These industries generated almost 39% of total economic activity (GDP) in the EU, worth €4.7 trillion • IPR-intensive industries account for 90% of the EU’s trade with the rest of the world
Source: The European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights, the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM) and the European Patent Office (EPO) http://oami.europa.eu/ows/rw/pages/OBS/index.en.do
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Counterfeiting: statistics
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Counterfeiting: statistics
Source: Report on EU customs enforcement of intellectual property rights / Results at the EU border 2012 (europa.eu)
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Source: Report on EU customs enforcement of intellectual property rights / Results at the EU border 2012 (europa.eu)
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Virtually anything
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Source: Report on EU customs enforcement of intellectual property rights / Results at the EU border 2012 (europa.eu)
China + Hong Kong 72,3%
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Value: One billion euros
(11 billion HKD)
« Counterfeiting: statistics
Source: Report on EU customs enforcement of intellectual property rights / Results at the EU border 2012 (europa.eu)
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Social offenses
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Counterfeiting: Ethical Issues / Social Offenses
o Illegal work o Child labor o Slavery
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© Fecomércio SC Fecomercio-sc.com.br
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Counterfeiting: Ethical Issues / Social Offenses
o Products quality o Dangerousness o Loss of jobs o Loss of tax incomes o Organized crime / terrorism
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
© CNAC ⎢French National Anti-Counterfeit Committee
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
EU Legal Framework
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« EU Legal Framework « Civil aspects − IPRED 1 − Directive 2004/48 of 29 April 2004
on the Enforcement of IPRs
Measures to preserve evidences
Remedies: dissuasive Destruction of the goods Damages:
Member States shall take into account all appropriate aspects: Negative economic consequences:
Lost profits, Unfair profits made by the infringer Moral prejudice Punitive damages?
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Proposed directive on the CRIMINAL MEASURES aimed at ensuring the enforcement of IPRs
Proposal removed
« EU Legal Framework « Criminal aspects − IPRED 2
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« EU Legal Framework « Criminal aspects (France)
Article L. 716-10-a), French Code of Intellectual Property: “Detaining or holding counterfeiting goods without a legitimate reason is punished by three years imprisonment and 300.000 € fine”.
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Simplified procedure / Destruction § Previously optional, now mandatory for Member States: power to destroy goods
without a court determination that the goods infringe the relevant IPR
« EU Legal Framework « Customs - Regulation 608/2013 of 12th June 2013 governing
anti-counterfeiting action by customs authorities
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Procedure for the destruction of goods in small consignements
« EU Legal Framework « Customs - Regulation 608/2013 of 12th June 2013 governing
anti-counterfeiting action by customs authorities
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« EU Legal Framework « Customs - Regulation 608/2013 of 12th June 2013 governing
anti-counterfeiting action by customs authorities
Counterfeit goods travel more and more via the post
Source: Report on EU customs enforcement of intellectual property rights / Results at the EU border 2012 (europa.eu)
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Case studies
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
1. Designs
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Paris Court of Appeals, 3 May 2006, Ste Julma c. Ste Louis Vuitton
European community designs Registered by Louis Vuitton in February 2004 For a new collection of hand bags named “Theda”
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Paris Court of Appeals, 3 May 2006, Ste Julma c. Ste Louis Vuitton
A few weeks later…
A French company imported from China 2.124 bags similar to Theda models
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Paris Court of Appeals, 3 May 2006, Ste Julma c. Ste Louis Vuitton
Main arguments
Validity of IPRs Good Faith / Bad faith
Claimant - Registered designs - Previous - Valid
Bad faith
Defendant Not valid Good faith
Court Claimant’s IPRs are valid Irrelevant
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Paris Court of Appeals, 3 May 2006, Ste Julma c. Ste Louis Vuitton
Damages Legal Costs
Investment (≈ 7 million Euros) Number of counterfeit goods
200.000 €
15.000 €
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IPR = Investment
IPR = Investment
"Spaghetti bowl" of International Investment Agreements Source: UNCTAD
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
2. GI
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Champagne
Source: Darts-IP.com
¤ USA
¤ France ¤ Germany ¤ Belgium ¤ Italy ¤ Spain ¤ Switzerland
¤ China
¤ Australia
¤ India
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« Champagne
Source: Comité Interprofessionel des Vins de Champagne (CICV) – champagne.fr
¤ Wines ¤ Cigarettes ¤ Shampoo ¤ Biscuits ¤ Cola ¤ Shoes ¤ Perfumes for women and men ¤ Perfumes for dogs ¤ Toilet brushes ¤ Various domain names ¤ Etc.
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Cooperation
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« International Cooperation
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« EU - Asia
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« EU – Hong Kong
Council Decision 1999/400/EC of 11 May 1999 concerning the conclusion of the Agreement between the European Community and Hong Kong, on cooperation and mutual administrative assistance in
customs matters
Customs cooperation + Mutual administrative assistance
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
« EU – Hong Kong
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
Awareness Campaigns
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
© Emmanuel GILLET
Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
© Musée de la contrefaçon ⎢ UNIFAB ⎢ Paris
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Fighting Infringement of IPRs: the European Approach
© European Commission
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Thank you
Emmanuel GIILLET, Ph D Visiting Scholar,European Union Academic Programme in Hong Kong
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | Emmanuel GILLET, Ph D