2010 (3.5 mb)

REPORT ON THE ACHIEVEMENTOF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT

GOALS INDONESIA2010

Published by:

iii

Foreword

Prof. Dr. Armida S. Alisjahbana, SE, MA

iv

Acknowledgements

Prof. Dr. Armida S. Alisjahbana, SE, MA

v

Table of Contents

Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... iiiAcknowledgements ...........................................................................................................................ivTable of Contents............................................................................................................................... vList of Figures ....................................................................................................................................viList of Tables ...................................................................................................................................viiiList of Boxes ....................................................................................................................................viiiList of Abbreviation ...........................................................................................................................ixIntroduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1Summary by Goal .............................................................................................................................. 5Overview of Status of MDGs Targets.................................................................................................. 9

GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER.................................................................... 12

GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION........................................................................ 35

GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN .................................................... 47

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY RATE ....................................................................................... 57

GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH ............................................................................................ 47

GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES .......................................................... 77

vi

GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY........................................................................ 95

GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT.....................................................119

Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................133

viii

”

ix

Kementerian Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional

Biaya Operasional Kesehatan

Bantuan Operasional Sekolah

Beasiswa Miskin

x

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah

Jamkesmas Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat

Kampung Kampungs

Kawasan Pelestarian Alam

Komisi Pemilihan Umum

Kawasan Suaka Alam

xi

Kredit Usaha Rakyat

Lembaga Jasa Keuangan

Madrasah Aliyah

MTs Madrasah Tsanawiyah

Musrenbangdes Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

Perumnas Perumahan Nasional

Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat

Program Keluarga Harapan

Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Posyandu Pos Pelayanan Terpadu

Puskesmas Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat

Pustu Puskesmas Pembantu

Beras Miskin

Riskesdas RIset Kesehatan Dasar

xii

Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional

Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional

Rusunawa Rumah Susun Sewa

Sakernas Survei Tenagakerja Nasional

Sekolah Dasar

SDKI

SKRT Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga

SMA Sekolah Menengah Atas

SMP Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat

Susenas Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional

Upah Minimum Regional

1

Introduction

Achievement of the MDG Targets

MDG 1

MDG 3 -

MDG 6 -

MDG 1 -

2

MDG 2

MDG 3 - SMA/MA/

MDG 4

MDG 8

MDG 1 -

MDG 5 -

MDG 6 -

MDG 7 -

3

BPS

5

Summary by Goal

MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

1

MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

aims to go beyond the MDG education target for primaryeducation by expanding the target to junior secondary education (SMP andmadrasah tsanawiyah-MTs, grades 7 to 9) to the universal basic educationtargets. In 2008/09 gross enrolment rate (GER) at primary education level (SD/

MI/Package A) was 116.77 percent and the nett enrolment rate (NER) was 95.23 percent.At the primary education level, disparity in education participation among provinces has

challenge in acelerating the achievment of MDG education target is improving equalaccess of children, girls and boys, to quality basic education.

2

6

MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

3

4

MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

5

7

MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

6

MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

7

MDG 8: BUILDING GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

8

9

Overview of Status of MDGs Targets

Status: Already achieved On-track Need special attention

Indicators Baseline CurrentMDGsTarget2015

Status Source

GOAL 1. ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

BPS

BPS Susenas

BPS

BPS

BPS Susenas

Riskesdas

BPS Susenas

GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

BPS Susenas

BPS Susenas

BPS Susenas

GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

10



Status Source

BPS Susenas

BPS

KPU

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

BPS

BPS Riskesdas

GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

BPS

BPS Susenas

BPS

GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

11



Status Source

BPS

Female:Male:

Female:Male:

BPSRiskesdas

FemaleMale:

FemaleMale:

BPSRiskesdas

Riskesdas

BPSRiskesdas

Riskesdas

Riskesdas

12



Status Source

GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Ministry of

Ministry of

Ministry of

Ministry of

Ministry of

BPS Susenas

BPS Susenas

GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

13



Status Source

BPS

Ministry of

BPS Susenas

BPS Susenas

GOAL 1 : ERADICATE EXTREMEPOVERTY AND HUNGER

PNPM Mandiri-Rural (infrastructure) by World Bank

17

1 GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTYAND HUNGER

TARGET 1A: HALVE, BETWEEN 1990 AND 2015, THE PROPORTION

A DAY


Status Source

Goal 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

BPS

BPS Susenas

Status:

BPS

of poverty has generally trended downwards.

Figure 1.2

There has been an improvement in the level of welfare of those below the poverty line.

18

25

.Progress in

reducing extremepoverty (USD 1/

capita/day) as compared to the

MDG target

Perc

enta

ge20

15

10

5

:BPS, Susenas 0

(several years) and the World Bank

2008.

20.6

14.8

7.8

9.9

12.0

9.9

9.2

7.2

6.6 7.

4

6.0

8.5

6.7

5.9

10.3

1990

1993

1996

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

incidence of povertyhas been supported by

Empowerment Program

has been implemented inall sub-districts in 2009 insynergy with other poverty

three clusters, improveddata on the poor and the

Kredit Usaha Rakyat – KUR

it is

.

Indonesia.Figure 1.3

19

0

10

20

30

40

Na�onal average 2010

Perc

enta

ge

Number of poor popula�on % Below The Na�onal Poverty Line years).

36.8

-

60

50

1976

1978

1980

1981

1984

1987

1990

1993

1996

1998

*

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

54.2

47.2

42.3

40.6

35.0

30.0

27.2

25.9

22.5

49.5

48.0

38.7

37.9

38.4

37.3

36.1

35.1 39

.3

37.2

35.0

32.5

31.0

40.1

33.3

28.6

26.9

21.6

17.4

15.1

13.7

11.3

24.2

23.4

19.1

18.4

18.2

17.4

16.7

16.0 17

.8

16.6

15.4

14.2

13.3

Indonesiameasured using the indicator for

trends in povertyLong-term

5

10

40

35

30

25

20

15

DKIJ

akar

taBa

liKa

liman

tan

Sela

tan

Bang

kaBe

litun

gKa

liman

tan

Teng

ahBa

nten

Kalim

anta

nTi

mur

Kepu

laua

nRi

auJa

mbi

Riau

Kalim

anta

nBa

rat

Sula

wes

iUta

raM

aluk

uU

tara

Sum

ater

aBa

rat

Jaw

aBa

rat

Sum

ater

aU

tara

Sula

wes

iSel

atan

INDO

NES

IASu

law

esiB

arat

Jaw

aTi

mur

Sum

ater

aSe

lata

nJa

wa

Teng

ahDI

Yogy

akar

taSu

law

esiT

engg

ara

Sula

wes

iTen

gah

Beng

kulu

Lam

pung

Aceh

Nus

aTe

ngga

raBa

rat

Nus

aTe

ngga

raTi

mur

Gor

onta

loM

aluk

uPa

pua

Bara

tPa

pua

3.5 4.

9 5.2 6.

56.

8 7.2 8.1

8.3

8.7 9.0

9.1

9.4

9.5 11

.311

.311

.6

7.7

13.3

13.6 15

.315

.5 16.6

16.8

17.1 18

.118

.318

.9 21.0

21.6 23

.023

.227

.734

.9

poverty line by province of Indonesia, 2010

BPS, Susenas

Percentages of

Line, 1976-2010

BPS, Susenas (several

20

Box 1.1.In the District of SIKKA: Those who Celebrate, Gambleand Are Lazy Are Not Considered to Be Poor

The district government of Sikka in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) has a special approach toencourage the poor in the region to work harder to emerge from poverty. The Head ofthe local government in Sikka, Sosimus Mitang, has established a rule that anyone whoengages in celebrations more than twice a year, those who gamble and allow their farmland to go fallow, will not be classified as poor. Revocation of the status of poor would makethem lose their right to obtain assistance from various aid schemes for the poor such asdirect cash assistance, rice subsidies for the poor and conditional cash transfers. The localrules have been in effect since last year and have encouraged the poor to not only rely onsupport from the government but also to take initiative to be self-reliant.

To encourage underprivileged communities to engage in business activities, the localgovernment in Sikka will also implement a “rice for work” program. Based on a localdecision, rice from Raskin will not be shared at the subsidized price of Rp 1,600 perkilogram, but recipients will be required to work, for example, to participate in buildingvillage infrastructure. The motto of Sikka Regency , namely: “Let us build the village of Sikkato be a village of conscience”, seems to relate directly to the local policies that have beenestablished.

The local government has also adopted the method of Pro-Poor Planning, Budgeting,Monitoring and Evaluation to improve the quality of local programs and budgets. Qualityimprovement and changes in priorities in the budget allocation is reflected by the increasein Sikka district budget allocations for programs that support achievement of the MDGsin the 2010-2011 budget to more than 67 percent, especially for poverty reduction (22.8percent), improvement of education (21.07 percent) and health improvement (19.55percent).

1. Improving the business climate to be more conducive at the local level

21

3. Increasing access of the poor to basic needs and services

to economic and social shocks

stakeholders to work to reduce poverty.

JamkesnasRaskin

TKPKD

22

the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in 2015 through provision of

poverty.

Bappenas

23

TARGET 1B: ACHIEVE FULL AND PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT ANDDECENT WORK FOR ALL, INCLUDING WOMEN ANDYOUNG PEOPLE


Status Source

Goal 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

BPS,Sakernas

BPS, Sakernas

Status:

percent.

Figure1.4

Figure 1.5

24

20%

Growth rate of

(percentage),1990, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000-2009

BPS, Sakernas and

(computed), 1990, 1993, 1996, 1999,

2000-2009

The

grow

thra

teof

labo

rpr

oduc

�vity

(%)

15%

10%

5%

0%

-5%

-10%

-15%

1990

1993

1996

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1990

1991

1996

1997

Agriculture Industry Services Total

2000

80%20

0170%

60%

50%

40%

30%

to working age 20%

10%2010Ag

u-08

0%Ag

u-09BPS, Sakernas

(computed), 1990-2010

1992

1993

1994

1998

1999

2002

2003

2004

Nov-

05

Agu-

06

Agu-

07

EPR - Urban EPR - Rural EPR Total

decline from 65 percent to 62 percent.

declined between 1990 and 2010.

Figure 1.6

25

BengkuluNusa Tenggara Timur

BaliKalimantan Tengah

Di YogyakartaKalimantan Barat

PapuaJawa Tengah

Sulawesi TenggaraLampung

Nusa Tenggara BaratKalimantan Selatan

Jawa TimurAceh

Sulawesi TengahJambi

Sumatera SelatanINDONESIA

Kalimantan TimurSumatera BaratSulawesi Utara

Jawa BaratRiau

MalukuSulawesi Selatan

Dki JakartaSulawesi Barat 0.69

Papua Barat 0.65Gorontalo 0.65

Bangka Belitung 0.63Kepulauan Riau 0.60

Maluku Utara 0.59Banten 0.55

1990 1999 February 2010

approximately 55 percent to 65 percent Figure 1.7

0.700.700.700.700.700.700.740.740.770.79

0.650.660.690.720.680.670.680.740.710.72

0.650.680.640.760.710.670.710.740.730.71

0.480.550.570.580.590.620.620.630.650.650.650.660.660.670.680.69

0.510.560.640.570.560.560.610.580.630.660.640.670.570.660.710.71

0.590.570.610.590.560.560.610.600.630.660.640.690.570.660.670.65

Employment to

by province, 1990, 1999 and 2010

BPS, Sakernas(computed), 1990, 1999 and 2010.

26

9080 71.57 71.55 70.21

Perc

enta

ge706050403020100

54.7661.20 64.82

Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

1990 1999 February 2010

Workforce

(percentage) byregion, 1990, 1999

and 2010

BPS, Sakernas(computed), 1990,

1999 and 2010

Figure 1.8

50

45

40

35

Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

1990 1999 February 2010

Uneducated Uncomplete primary school Primary schoolJunior secondary Senior secondary Voca�onal seniorsecondaryDiploma University

Perc

enta

ge

30

25

20

15

workers based 10

on their latest 5

0region, 1990, 1999

and 2010

BPS, Sakernas(computed), 1990,

1999 and 2010

27

Figure 1.9

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Male- Female Urban Rural Total

1990

1991

1992

1993

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Nov-

05

Aug-

06

Aug-

07

Aug-

08

Aug-

09

Feb-

10

vulnerable workersto total workers,1990-2010

BPS, Sakernas(computed), 1990-2010

workers accordingto job status,February 2010

BPS, Sakernas(computed), 2010

28

employment.

are challenges.

Upah Minimum Regional

and Business Expansion.

6. Developing Social Security and Empowering Workers.

29

TARGET 1C: HALVE, BETWEEN 1990 AND 2015, THE PROPORTIONOF PEOPLE WHO SUFFER FROM HUNGER


Status Source

GOAL 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

BPS Susenas

Riskesdas

BPS Susenas

Status:

past two decades.

RiskesdasRiskesdas

Figure 1.11RPJMN

Riskesdas

30

The prevalenceof underweight

years of age byprovince (2007)

MOH, Riskesdas 2007

40Trend in the

prevalence of underweight

children under 30

(1989-2010) using the WHO 2005

10

BPS, Susenas 1989 to2005 and Riskesdas

2007 and 2010to 02005 and Riskesdas

2007 and 2010

15

Moderate Severe Malnourished

40

35

30

25

20

Severely Underweight Moderately Underweight Total Underweight

15.5

standard and the MDG Target forthis indicator in

2015

11.910

53.6

0

10.9

11.4 12.4

12.9 15

.015

.816

.0Su

law

esiU

tara

16.6

16.7

Beng

kulu

17.4

17.5

Lam

pung

17.6

18.2

Sum

ater

aSe

lata

n18

.318

.4IN

DO

NES

IA18

.919

.3Ka

liman

tan

Tim

ur20

.2 21.2

Papu

a21

.4 22.5

Kalim

anta

nBa

rat

22.7

22.7

Sum

ater

aU

tara

22.8

23.2

Papu

aBa

rat

24.2

24.8

Nus

aTe

ngga

raBa

rat

25.4

25.4

Sula

wes

iBar

at26

.526

.6Ka

liman

tan

Sela

tan

27.6

27.8

Mal

uku

33.6

DIY

ogya

kart

aBa

liKe

pula

uan

Riau

DKI

Jaka

rta

Jaw

aBa

rat

Jaw

aTe

ngah

Bant

en

Jaw

aTi

mur

Sula

wes

iSel

atan

Bang

kaBe

litun

g

Jam

bi

Sum

ater

aBa

rat

Riau

Sula

wes

iTen

ggar

a

Mal

uku

Uta

ra

Kalim

anta

nTe

ngah

Gor

onta

lo

Ace

h

Sula

wes

iTen

gah

Nus

aTe

ngga

raTi

mur

TARGET2015

Pers

enta

se 20

1989

23.8

21.7

15.4

14.8

13.9

13.2

15.0

14.6

14.5

14.8

13.0

13.0

7.2

8.1

12.3

11.3

8.9

8.4

6.8

8.6

8.7

9.7

5.4

4.9

31.0 29.827.7

26.1

22.8 21.6 21.823.2 23.2

24.5

18.4 17.915.5

2015

Target MDG2015

1992

1995

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2005

2007

2010

2011

2013

31

Underweightprevalence among

years of age byrural and urban areas of Indonesia (2007))

5.4 13 18.4 MOH, Riskesdas 2007

high. Susenas

kadarzi

2.0502.038

2.040

2.030

2.020 2.0152.0072.010

2.000

1.990 1.986

1.980

1.970

1.960

1.950

Kcal

/cap

ita/D

ay

2002 2005 2007 2008

Trends in the average calorie

rural and urban households (2002-2009)

BPS, Susenas, various years

32

Box 1.2. Achievement of MDG Target 1C Tabanan District in theProvince of Bali

Tabanan district is located in the southern part of the island of Bali island. The district has atotal area of 839,33 km² comprised of highlands and beach areas. Tabanan is classified as anagricultural district with rice fields amounting to 23.358 Ha or 28 percent of the total landarea. The district is comprised of 10 sub-districts and has a population of 410.162 people.

Tabanan is one of the districts that has achieved the MDG Target 1C where in 2007 theprevalence of underweight children of five years of age was 7.1 percent, far below thenational average of 18.4 percent. The prevalence of stunting was 25.5 percent (below thenational average of 36.8 percent), the prevalence of wasting was 9.5 percent (below thenational average of 13.6 percent, and the overweight children was 6.8 percent (nationalaverage 12.2 percent).

In the last six months, around 87.8 percent of the children under five years of age havebeen weighed at the Posyandu, a community-based institution involved in the nutritionimprovement program. The nutrition improvement program at the Posyandu is conductedby a nutrition cadre with the assistance of the nutrition staff of the Puskesmas. The coverageof vitamin A supplements for children of 6-59 months in Tabanan was around 86.1 percentwhich is above the national coverage of 71.5 percent. The health and nutrition program inTabanan shows promise in improving nutrition status of children. In addition, the coverageof the basic immunization intervention program was very high where BCG covered around93.4 percent of children, measles 93.2 percent, Polio 3 82.7 percent, HB 3 81.3 percent, andDPT 3 78.8 percent.

economic and socio-cultural factors

Riskesdas

33

.Susenas

PPH: Pola Pangan Harapan

PPHPPH score of 100 Figure 1.14 .

88.0 85.986.0

83.684.0 81.9

80.8 81.282.0

80.0

78.0

76.0 75.0

74.0

72.0

70.0

68.0

2002 2005 2007

77.677.579.1

Rural Urban Indonesia

PPH

scor

e Trend in the desirable dietary

score of food

rural and urban households, 2002-2007

BPS, Susenas, various years

PosyanduPosyandu

.

34

PosyanduPAUD

GOAL 2 : ACHIEVE UNIVERSALPRIMARY EDUCATION

Future Vision by World Bank

37

2 GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARYEDUCATION

TARGET 2A: ENSURE THAT, BY 2015, CHILDREN EVERYWHERE, BOYSAND GIRLS ALIKE, WILL BE ABLE TO COMPLETE A FULLCOURSE OF PRIMARY SCHOOLING

Indicators Baseline Current MDGs Target2015 Status Source

Status:

management.

A

38

SD/MI

SMP madrasahtsanawiyah MTs SMP/MTs Package B

SD/MI

120

100

.Trends for Net 80

Enrolment Ratesfor primary and

junior secondary

levels (including Madrasah)

Pers

enta

se

60

40

20

:BPS, Susenas and 0

9 years Wajar Dikdas

Crisis "big bang"Decentraliza�on

BOS Programand Scholarship

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

APM-SD/MI APK-SD/MI APM-SMP/MTs APK-SMP/MTs

The early entry phenomenon which has occured in the last several years has contributed

39

progress. Susenas

Perc

enta

ge

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

01 2 3 4 5 6 PS 7 8 9 Junior Secondary 10

93.0

87.8 75.7

ComplePrimary Sc

tionhool 46.7

Junior Secondary

1995 2000 2006Complet

Schoolion

2007 2008

SchoolComple�on Comple�on

Susenas

Susenas

There is no disparity among provinces in the literacy rate of 15-24 year olds

Trend of highest

16-18 years old, 1995-2008

BPS, Susenas 1995, 2000, 2006, 2007, 2008.

40

.NER of primary

)by province, 2009

BPS and MONE, Susenas 2008/09.

2.5

Dana Alokasi Khusus DAK

0

95.23100

80

60

BPS, Susenas

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

96.70

97.2297.72

97.61

97.77

98.15

98.35

98.42

98.44

98.2798.66

98.55

98.71

98.74

98.76

98.84 99.46

99.47

95

96

97

98

99

100

Pece

ntag

e

Trend of literacyrate among

15-24 years, 1992-2009

Aceh

Kalim

anta

nTe

ngah

Jaw

aTe

ngah

Riau

Jaw

aTi

mur

INDO

NES

IAJa

mbi

Bali

Beng

kulu

Lam

pung

Sum

ater

aBa

rat

Nus

aTe

ngga

raBa

rat

Sula

wes

iTen

ggar

aJa

wa

Bara

tKa

liman

tan

Sela

tan

Sum

ater

aU

tara

Mal

uku

DIYo

gyak

arta

DKIJ

akar

taBa

nten

Kalim

anta

nBa

rat

Kepu

laua

nRi

auKa

liman

tan

Tim

urSu

mat

era

Sela

tan

Mal

uku

Uta

raSu

law

esiT

enga

hSu

law

esiB

arat

Bang

kaBe

litun

gN

usa

Teng

gara

Tim

urSu

law

esiS

elat

anSu

law

esiU

tara

Papu

aBa

rat

Gor

onta

loPa

pua

Perc

enta

ge

40

20

41

10099.47

80

60

40

0

20

The literacy

Pece

ntag

e

DIYo

gyak

arta

DKIJ

akar

taJa

mbi

Riau

Bant

enLa

mpu

ngSu

mat

era

Sela

tan

Kepu

laua

nRi

auAc

ehSu

law

esiT

enga

hJa

wa

Bara

tBe

ngku

luKa

liman

tan

Teng

ahSu

mat

era

Uta

raKa

liman

tan

Tim

urSu

law

esiU

tara

Kalim

anta

nSe

lata

nM

aluk

uJa

wa

Teng

ahSu

mat

era

Bara

tM

aluk

uU

tara

Bang

kaBe

litun

gIN

DON

ESIA

Jaw

aTi

mur

Sula

wes

iTen

ggar

aKa

liman

tan

Bara

tBa

liG

oron

talo

Nus

aTe

ngga

raBa

rat

Sula

wes

iSel

atan

Nus

aTe

ngga

raTi

mur

Sula

wes

iBar

atPa

pua

Bara

tPa

pua rate among the

15-24 years, 2009

BPS, Susenas

DAKDAK

funding directly to schools to reduce the burden of

SD/MI SMP/MTsBOS

BOSof BOS BOS

SD SMPMI MTs

:

of BSM BSM

SD/MI

42

”

Source: Summary Report AIBEP School and District Survey, 2009-2010

1. Reaching the unreached is a major challenge in achieving the MDG target of 100

43

Number of Teachers

Diploma1-3 / S1 Total Senior

SS

Diploma1-3 / S1 Total

Number and

of teachersby academic

school levels for

.

Taman Kanak-Kanak/TK)

Table 2.1

TK Indonesia (2009),not including

SD/MI madrasah teachers

SMP/MT

DirectorateSMA/ General of Quality

SMK/MA Improvementof Teachers and

535,601 961,120 1,110,590 2,607,311 20.54 36.88 46.60 100MONE, 2010

meet the minimum standards.Not all schools provide text books

80%

SD/MI 60%

-34%-21%

-37%

-66%

55%68%

52%

17%

Total Urban Rural Remote /Isolated Areas

Excess Shortage

40% Teacher20%

5. Improving the coverage 0% urban, rural, and-20% remote areas

of Indonesia, 2007/2008

-40%

the drop-out students -60%

and for children who -80%

are not able to enrollIndicators in in formal schooling.Indonesia 2007/2008

44

system.

and.

of .BOS

BOS

underserved areas.

45

dropouts.

1. Improving Quality and Relevance:

Accelerate improvements in pre-service and in-service teacher training provision.

Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan/LPTKs)

school principals and supervisors.

GOAL 3 : PROMOTE GENDEREQUALITY AND EMPOWERWOMEN

by ADB

49

3 GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY ANDEMPOWER WOMEN

TARGET 3A: ELIMINATE GENDER DISPARITY IN PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY EDUCATION, PREFERABLY BY 2005, ANDIN ALL LEVELS OF EDUCATION NO LATER THAN 2015


Status Source

than 2015

Status:

GPI.

Susenas

50

.Gender Parity

Index (GPI) of NetEnrolment Rates

(NER) for primary(SD/MI/Package

A) and junior secondary schoolsl

(SMP/MTs/PackageB) by province,

2009

:BPS, Susenas 2009

.Gender ParityIndex (GPI) of

Net EnrolmentRates (NER) senior secondary schools by province, 2009

:BPS, Susenas 2009

SD/MI/SMP/MT

SM/MA

Susenas

51

age group has been acihieved.

theopen unemployment rate of females had declined

Sakernas

KPU

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat-DPR Dewan PerwakilanDaerah-DPD Dewan Perwakilan RakyatDaerah-DPRD

52

Box 3.1. Overview of MDGs achievement in disaster andconflict areas: The case of Aceh

The results of a survey of households performed by KAPAL Perempuan in three relocatedvillages in 2008 in the district of Aceh Besar, namely Kampung Persabahatan, DesaLambaed and Desa Cot Preh, showed that: (i) average household expenditures weregreater than household incomes; (ii) most households spent money to buy drinking water(58.4 percent) due to a scarcity of improved water sources; (iii) almost all of the facilities atthe relocated villages, including school buildings (elementary and junior high school) andauxiliary health centers (puskesmas pembantu/PUSTU), could not be used due to a lack ofteachers, medical personnel (including midwives) and supporting equipment; and (iv)other public facilities, such as markets, were not yet functional at the time of the survey.These conditions influenced the level of poverty, health and education of the refugeeswho had been relocated permanently to the three villages.

In that context, KAPAL Perempuan has worked to improve leadership, education as wellas economic and political participation of women in the three relocated villages. Theorganization facilitates leadership education for women while assisting to developwomen’s economic resources through establishment of savings and loan groups andviable business activities. Eight savings and loan groups were established which thenjoined into an association called “Beudoh Beusareh”, meaning “Rising Together”. Thesewomen’s groups have been able to accumulate savings and loan capital. They have alsomanaged to integrate their priorities into the agenda of the Village Development Plan(Musrenbangdes), which provides assistance to improve the availability of midwives andeducation for women. Slowly but surely, these women’s groups have assumed the roleof initiator for change in their villages, which is one condition for the achievement ofMDGs in areas affected by conflict and disaster. Women’s participation has become adriving force behind the improvement of public welfare. (Written by KAPAL Perempuan,a women’s organization that focuses on the issues of alternative education, gender andpluralism

poverty. not only improving the NER of females but also for males

for women and men in employment and in the job place.

Law enforcement

53

needs to be strengthened

work in the informal sector

regions and among socio-economic groups

2. In employment:

54

4. A strategy to implement gender mainstreaming in local governance processes will becarried out

55

Box 3.2. The Acceleration of Gender MainstreamingImplementation in Indonesia

(PengarusutamaanGender/PUG)

Bappenas

anggaran responsif genderRPJMN

PMK

Pendidikan Keluarga Berwawasan Gender/

GOAL 4 : REDUCE CHILDMORTALITY RATE

PNPM Health & Bright by World Bank

59

4 GOAL 4:REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY RATE

TARGET 4A:


Status Source

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Status:

.

Figure 4.1

Child, Infant and Neonatal MortalityRates, 1991-2015

BPS, IDHS severalyears

60

as social and economic status remain major problems

Most of child, infant and neonatal mortality causes are preventable

increase.

average

Figure 4.2Riskesdas

.

year-old children immunized against

measles, byprovince 2007

:BPS, IDHS 2007.

61

Box 4.1. MDG target achievement in reducing infant mortalityby Bantul District: district government commitment akey to succes

With a population of around 942,579, ,Bantul regency in Yogyakarta combines plains,highlands and coastlines. The strong commitment of the head of this regency (Bupati)to reducing infant mortality is reflected in his dedication and leadership in tacklinghealth issues.

The Bupati of Bantul has involved officers from the district down to villages and hamlets(RW) in identifying and tackling the health issues. This effort, which also involvecommunity action, were launched in the district’s medium-term development plan for2007-2010. They focus on addressing four major health issues – the DB4MK - includingmaternal mortality (MMR), infant mortality (IMR), malnutrition and dengue hemorrhagefever.

The program aims at: (1) changing the mindset, behavior and practice of officers andcommunity in dealing with health issues; (2) reducing maternal deaths; (3) reducinginfant mortality; (4) reducing morbidity of Dengue Fever; (5) reducing malnutritioncases; and (6) improving TB case detection rate.

Monthly monitoring is conducted on the basis of village leader reports and cross-checked with puskesmas (primary health care) reports . When a village rreports NOCASE of those 4 major health issues occurring over a period of one year, the Bupati givesthe village a reward of Rp 100 million.. So far, rewards have been awarded to o Girirejovillage in Imogiri sub-district in 2007, and Karangtalun village in Imogiri sub-district andSendangsari village in Pajangan sub-district in 2008. In 2009, Jatimulyo village of Dlingosub-district received the award

Achievements are the result of particular attention being paid to l mothers, babiesand toddlers through posyandu (integrated health post), Maternal and Child Healthservices, MCH monitoring book, immunization covering all infants, BEONC (basic

emergency obstetric and neonatalcare), maintaining better communitynutrition, communicabledisease control and prevention,environmental health.

Every village has village midwivesand allpuskesmashave doctors. Eachsub-district and village has to be ableto record and report all incidences ofchild and infant deaths. The DB4MKmovement is an effort to maintainthe declining rend in infant mortalityby addressing health issues throughlocal government at all levels, fromvillage level to district level.

62

monitoring,

6. Persistent low access to proper health services

Riskesdas

and covers:

child growth

4. Developing strategies at family level

63

6. Improving Newborn care and Maternal Health

.

9. Enhancing policy advocacy

to accelerate achievement of targets for child,infant and neonatal mortality.

GOAL 5 : IMPROVE MATERNALHEALTH

Puskesmas: The “spearhead” of health service by World Bank

67

5 GOAL 5:IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

TARGET 5A:2015, THE MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO

TARGET 5B: ACHIEVE, BY 2015, UNIVERSAL ACCESS TOREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH


Status Source

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Status:

Figure 5.1

68

.

for the Maternal

1991-2025

:BPS, IDHS several

years.

Percentage of births assisted by

skilled provider, byprovinces , 2009

BPS, Susenas 2009

provider. Susenas

Riskesdas

Disparity in births assisted by skilled personnel among regions remains a major problemSusenas

Figure 5.2

69

Riskesdas

Antenatal care is crucial in ensuring the mothers are healthy during pregnancy and in

Ninety-three percent of women receive antenatal care from a health professional during

health targets

First and fourthantenatal visits, in Indonesia, 1991-2007

BPS, IDHS severalyears.

70

Trend of CPR in married women

aged 15-49, 1991-2007

BPS, IDHS 2007

Figure 5.5

Prevalence Rateby method, byprovince, 2007

BPS, IDHS 2007

71

Figure 5.6

Unmet needs, Indonesia 1991-2007

BPS, IDHS 1991, 1994, 1997, 2002/2003, 2007.

Unmet need varies greatly among provinces, regions and socio-economic status.

72

Unmet need byintended purposes

by province,Indonesia 2007

BPS, IDHS 2007

15-19 by province,2007

BPS, IDHS 2007

100908070605040302010

0

7

11 14

19

23 25 25 25 27 30 31 31 33 34 34 34 34 36 39 40 41 43 44 47 48 51 54 54 57 60 61

82

92

DIYo

gyak

arta

DKIJ

akar

taSu

mat

era

Bara

tSu

mat

era

Uta

raBa

nten

Riau

Sum

ater

aSe

lata

nKe

pula

uan

Riau

Jaw

aTe

ngah

Jam

biN

usa

Teng

gara

Tim

urM

aluk

uAc

ehKa

liman

tan

Teng

ahKa

liman

tan

Tim

urSu

law

esiU

tara

Sula

wes

iSel

atan

Jaw

aBa

rat

Lam

pung

Papu

aKa

liman

tan

Bara

tBa

liBe

ngku

luSu

law

esiB

arat

Sula

wes

iTen

ggar

aPa

pua

Bara

tJa

wa

Tim

urKa

liman

tan

Sela

tan

Bang

kaBe

litun

gN

usa

Teng

gara

Bara

tG

oron

talo

Mal

uku

Uta

raSu

law

esiT

enga

h

Nasional

73

from 67 births per

Puskesmas in

puskesmas

74

Riskesdas

of maternal deaths is not robust.

75

, BEONC, CEONC,

2. increasing access to family planning services,

pursued through a series of strategies, among others:

Source:

4. strengthening the referral system

76

7. Increasing the availability of health workers

8. Raising awareness about safe motherhood at the community and household level

10. Providing an enabling environment to support management and

Minimum Services Standards MMSs

GOAL 6 :COMBAT HIV/AIDS,MALARIA AND OTHERDISEASES

Campaign of HIV/AIDS Care by Antara

79

6 GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA ANDOTHER DISEASES

TARGET 6A: HAVE HALTED BY 2015 AND BEGUN TO REVERSE THESPREAD OF HIV/AIDS

TARGET 6B: ACHIEVE, BY 2010, UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO TREATMENTFOR HIV/AIDS FOR ALL THOSE WHO NEED IT


Status Source

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

Status:

80

Number of AIDS 4.000cases in Indonesia, 3.500

3.000by province, 2009 2.5002.0001.500

DG of CDC and EH, 1.000MoH, 2009 500

-

Number of AIDS Cases Cumula�ve AIDS Cases

4.500

1998

2009

21 27 43 58 91 117

119

138

144

165

173

192

219

290

318

330

333

475

485

591

717

794

1,61

52,

808

2,82

83,

227

3,59

8

Sula

wes

iTen

ggar

aKa

liman

tan

Sela

tan

Aceh

Papu

aBa

rat

Beng

kulu

Bang

kaBe

litun

gNu

saTe

ngga

raBa

rat

Nusa

Teng

gara

Tim

urLa

mpu

ngJa

mbi

Sula

wes

iUta

raM

aluk

u

Kalim

anta

nBa

rat

Bali

Papu

aDK

IJak

arta

Jaw

aTi

mur

Jaw

aBa

rat

20,00018,00016,00014,00012,000

AIDS casesper 100,000 10,000

8,000Indonesia, 1989- 6,000

2009 4,0002,000

DG of CDC and -EH, MoH, several

years.

it was more than double the number in 2006, when AIDS cases totaled 8,194 Figure6.1

Figure 6.2

Modes of HIV/AIDS transmission as of December 2009 are indicated in Figure 6.3

Sula

wes

iBar

atGo

ront

alo

Mal

uku

Utar

aKa

liman

tan

Tim

urSu

law

esiT

enga

hKa

liman

tan

Teng

ah

0 3 10 11 12 21

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

Sum

ater

aSe

lata

n19

99DI

Yogy

akar

taBa

nten

2000

2001

316 1,19

52,

639

2,87

32,

947 4,96

93,

863

1,1712,682

5,321

8,194

11,141

16,110

19,973

Sum

ater

aBa

rat

Kepu

laua

nRi

auRi

au20

0220

03Su

mat

era

Utar

aSu

law

esiS

elat

anJa

wa

Teng

ah20

0420

0520

0620

0720

08

81

Another related factor in HIV/AIDS transmission is the absence of condom use duringBlood

transfussion, 0.1Unknown, 4.4%%Perinatal, 2.6%

MSM , 3.3%

IDUs, 39.3%

Heterosex, 50.3%

intercourse

Figure 6.4

15.6

20.0

28.0

9.4

10.6

11.7

15.3

24.8

18.4

13.2

4.0

7.5

12.1

8.4

21.3

10.3

- 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

15-19

20-24

Urban

Rural

Less than completed primary

Completed primary

Some secondary

Secondary +

Age

Resid

ence

Educ

ation

Tota

l

Men

Women

2009

Surveillance reports,

Programme, Ministryof Health, Indonesia, 2009

Percentage of unmarried women and men age 15-24 who have everhad sex, who use of condom at lastsex, accordingto background

2007

BPS, Indonesian Youth and Adolescence

Health Survey(IYARHS) 2007

82

behaviors.

Riskesdas

Indicators used to measure the comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS in 2010 Riskesdas consists of two

indicators on methods of HIV/AIDS transmission prevention (limiting sexual intercourse to one HIV-negative

partner -partner who has no other partners- and using condoms during sexual intercourse) and two indicators

of wrong perception against the spread of HIV/AIDS (a person cannot get HIV by sharing food with a person with

HIV/AIDS or transmitted by mosquito bites).

2.1

15.5

14.7

18.5

8.4

0.1

2.2

4.9

10.2

28.8

3.1

27.5

12.7

5.7

10.3

9.5

14.9

5.0

0.2

1.1

3.9

10.2

22.7

1.9

21.7

9.1

1.6

1.2

1.4

0.6

2.2

2.2

1.3

1.7

0.9

1.4

2.8

2.2

2.6

1.6

3.8

2.0

2.8

3.1

1.9

2.6

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

15-19

20-24

15-24

Urban

Rural

No Educa�on

Some Primary

Complete Primary

Some Secondary

Secondary +

Lowest

Higest

Age

Resid

ence

Educ

a�on

Wea

lthQ

uin�

leTo

tal

Married Man- *

Married Woman**

Unmarried Men

Unmarried Women

and woemn aged 15-24 with correct of comprehensive

knowledge about AIDS, by

back ground

Indonesia 2007

*) covering age group of 15-54 years old for married man, except

when describing married men by age

group.**) covering age

group of 15-49 years old for married

women, except when describing marreid

women by age group

BPS, IDHS and IYARHS 2007

83

Knowledge of married men and women in urban areas was higher than in rural areas

Figure 6.5

Figure 6.6

Coverage of ART

Indonesia, 2006– 2009

treatment (ART) is given to individuals with advanced HIV

protocols

Country reports

84

in controlling HIV and AIDS

85

systems

Rights.

Improving access by strengthening public health services so that they have the

86

TARGET 6C: HAVE HALTED BY 2015 AND BEGUN TO REVERSETHE INCIDENCE OF HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHERMAJOR DISEASES


Status Source


Riskesdas

Riskesdas

Riskesdas

Riskesdas

Status:

Annual ParasitesIncidence of

Malaria, Indonesia 1990-2009

Ministry of Health, several years

Incidence and death rates associated with Malaria

87

35.030.025.020.015.010.0

5.00.0

Figure 6.7Riskesdas

Riskesdas

There is disparity in malaria incidence among regions.

Figure 6.8

The vector of malaria in Jawa and Bali is dominated by plasmodium vivax malaria that inmost cases is drug-resistant

0.3

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.4

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8 3.7

3.8

4.0 4.6

4.7 5.3

5.6

5.7 6.2

6.4 7.7 9.

2 10.3

10.7

25.5 31

.4

Bali

Jaw

aTi

mur

DKIJ

akar

taJa

wa

Bara

tJa

wa

Teng

ahDI

Yogy

akar

taBa

nten

Sum

ater

aBa

rat

Riau

Kalim

anta

nSe

lata

nSu

law

esiS

elat

anSu

law

esiT

engg

ara

Sum

ater

aUt

ara

INDO

NESI

AGo

ront

alo

Lam

pung

Aceh

Sum

ater

aSe

lata

nSu

law

esiT

enga

hKa

liman

tan

Tim

urKa

liman

tan

Teng

ahNu

saTe

ngga

raBa

rat

Kepu

laua

nRi

auJa

mbi

Sula

wes

iBar

atBe

ngku

luKa

liman

tan

Bara

tSu

law

esiU

tara

Mal

uku

Bang

kaBe

litun

gM

aluk

uUt

ara

Nusa

Teng

gara

Tim

urPa

pua

Bara

tPa

pua

API Malaria byprovince, 2010

Ministry of Health, 2010

to improve.

Riskesdas

Riskesdas

88

puskesmas

puskesmas puskesmaspuskesmas

Posmaldes Posmaldes

89

needed, through:

posmaldes

Improving capacity of human resources at all aspects.

Improving management structures and governance that include strategies, work

90

TARGET 6C: HAVE HALTED BY 2015 AND BEGUN TO REVERSE THEINCIDENCE OF MALARIA AND OTHER MAJOR DISEASES


Status Source


Status:

The TB control program has been improved. The c

Riskesdas

91

100 91 91 91 91 91

81

5458

73.8

87 86 86.1 86.7 89.5

1.4 4.67.5

12

19 20 21

30.637.6

54

6875.7

69.8 72.8 73.1

0102030405060708090

Perc

entg

e

(CDR) and SuccessRate (SR) of TB (%) 1995-2009)

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009 MoH-RI, Directorate

CDC, DG of CDC&EH, several years

SR CDR

92

of Puskesmas

Puskesmas

puskesmas

puskesmaspuskesmas

93

health care services

Expanding DOTS coverage

94

APBNAPBD

GOAL 7:

ENSURE ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITY

Geothermal in North Sulawesi, by ADB

97

7 GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITY

TARGET 7A: INTEGRATING THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTINNATIONALPOLICIESANDPROGRAMSAND REVERSING THE LOSS OF ENVIRONMENTALRESOURCES


Status Source

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Ministry of

Ministry of

Status:

98

and Indonesia is vulnerable.

In March 2010 the government launched the Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap

planning.

and aerial photographic surveys was 52.43 percent in 2008.

Figure 7.1.

The total area of lands legally designated by the government in 2010 as forest lands

136.88 million hectares or about 72.89 percent of the total land area of Indonesia.

99

70%

59.97%60%

52.43%48.97% 49.98%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%1990 2002 (Satellite Image 2005 (Satellite Image 2008 (Satellite Image

(1999/2000) 2002/2003) 2005/2006)

Percentage of Forest Cover

Protected areas are those areas

Taman Buru

.The percentageof forest cover of the total land area of Indonesia from 1990 to 2008

:Ministry of Forestry(1990-2008).

100

16

4

2

0

5.656.97

8.649.29

13.53

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

years and the total area allocated for this use reached 13.53 million hectares in 2009 or

for marine species Table 7.1

Mill

ion

Ha.

14

12

10

8

6Areas of

Indonesian marine

areas, 2005-2009

Ministry of Marine

Indonesian marine

(2009)

Ministry of Marine

Fisheries

No Numberof areas

Total area

6

Total 76 13.529

101

in accordance with the Montreal Protocol.

10,000

Cons

ump�

on O

DP to

nnes

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

ODS was phased out (CFC, Halon, CTC, TCA, MBr)HCFCs

.

Substance

Indonesia from 1992 to 2008

:

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Ministry of

Environment

Total energy use tripled in Indonesia between 1990 and 2008.

Figure 7.4.

102

.Total energy use of various types

for the years 1990-

Barrels of Oil (BOE) in millions)

:Ministry of Energy

and Mineral Resources

Mill

ion

tons

7.0MSY:

6.5 6.4 million tonsper year6.0

5.5 TAC:5.12 million tons5.0

per year

3.72

4.70 Projec�on of capturedfisheries 2015:

5.12 million tons

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

.The captured

Indonesia

:

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Captured fisheries produc�onMinistry of Marine Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)

Fisheries Total Allowable Catch (TAC)

103

Climate change creates tremendous challenges for sustainable development in Indonesia.

One of the causes of climate change is the high-level of carbon dioxide released into theatmosphere in consuming energy.

.

104

Box 7.1. District Wakatobi and its “Environment Warrior”

‘’We, the people of Wakatobi, did not work in vain.’’, the words were the spontaneousresponse from Ir. Hugua, the Head of the District of Wakatobi, after receiving the MDGLeadership Award in Jakarta last year, granted by the Coordinating Ministry for People’sWelfare in cooperation with the Leadership Park Institute. It was a proper reaction andreflected a sense of pride considering that Hugua had only taken over as the leader ofWakatobi just four years ago. Wakatobi itself is also quite a new district, having split fromthe district of Buton in the province of Sulawesi Tenggara, seven years ago.

Hugua has used his personal capacity, also the natural resources of the small islands ofWakatobi and the willingness of all elements of the society to‘solve’the challenges of MDGs.One of his success stories is in changing people’s behavior. Initially, it was of course noteasy, especially if that behavior was directly related to the necessities of their lives and hadbecome a traditional practice. Long before he became the Head of the district of Wakatobi,this father of two sons was known as an ‘Environmental Warrior’ who never gave up. In themidst of people relying on coral reefs as home building materials, he was never detered. Hisability to approach residents in coastal areas in their homes, by offering solutions to buildhouses using wood material, finally obtained results.

The United Nations (UN) has also given awards to the district of Wakatobi for its success inlowering the poverty rate to 7 percent in a short period, as well as its success in the 12-yearcompulsory education program and improving the health of the community.

During the World Ocean Conference held in mid-May 2009 in Manado (North Sulawesi),Hugua was one of the local leaders who was recognized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)for his commitment to preserve the population of sea turtles and the diversity of coral reefsalong the coasts of Wakatobi. This was revealed by survey data that within a period of oneyear the sea turtle nesting populations in the area of the islands of the district have beenincreased.

ChallengesOnly seven of 142 islands in the district of Wakatobi are inhabited.The coral reefs in Wakatobiare structures as steep walls - 60 percent are in very good condition. It is estimated thatthere are about 750 coral reef species together with 942 species of fish on the reefs. Thecultivation and exploitation of coral reefs or selling of ornamental fish are not allowed inWakatobi.

Currently, the coral reefs in this district are considered to be among the best preservedin the triangle area of coral reefs worldwide. However, increasing of sea temperatures hascaused coral bleaching in Wakatobi. Bleaching of coral reefs is caused by an increase in theillegal use of anesthesia in the capture of ornamental fish and sunlight. In collaborationwith the Ministry of Research and Technology, the district Wakatobi is conducting researchon biodiversity in these islands where land comprises only 3 percent of the total area of thedistrict. The rest is sea. Hopefully the challenges mentioned will be overcome with supportfrom all concerned parties.

Sources )

105

TARGET 7B: REDUCE BIODIVERSITY LOSS, ACHIEVING, BY 2010, ASIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE RATE OF LOSS

Indonesia is endowed with rich biodiversity in the level of ecosystems, species and

106

The

Figures 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9

Figure 7.6. Distribution of the Sumatran Tiger

Figure 7.7. Distribution of the Kalimantan OrangutanPongo pymaeus sp

Figure 7.8. Distribution of the Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus

Figure 7.9. Distribution of the Sumatran Rhino in Leuser(Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sp)

a

species.

.

Figure 7.10

107

species by year,1990-2010

:Total number of protected/endangered fresh water fish speciesMinistry of Marine

Total number of protected/endangered marine fish species

-

100

200

300

400

.The total number

and the number of protected fresh water and marine

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Despite the richness, the biodiversity of Indonesia has been threatened due to the

.

Clupea toliCypselurus

Neolissochilus .Mystacoleucus padangensis

macraranthus ,

108

documented.

109

TARGET 7C: HALVE, BY 2015, THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLEWITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKINGWATER AND BASIC SANITATION


Status Source


Status:

Drinking Water

Household access to improved sources of drinkingSUSENAS

Figure7.11

Figure7.12, t

110

.

rural, urban andall householdswith access to

improved drinkingwater sources inIndonesia (1993-

2009)

Data does not include Timor Timur.

:Susenas, several

years

8070

90

.Percentages Pe

rcen

tage 60

504030

of households 20with access to 10

improved drinking 0water sources by

urban and rural

province (2009)

:Susenas 2009

27.4

730

.60

33.0

234

.81

35.4

436

.84

36.8

937

.74

40.2

940

.51

40.9

642

.92

43.7

544

.36

44.4

944

.85

44.9

645

.45

46.6

247

.71

48.0

848

.53

50.1

351

.04

51.1

951

.97

54.0

255

.50

55.7

055

.71

58.3

059

.12

59.9

960

.38

Bant

enAc

ehBe

ngku

luDK

IJak

arta

Papu

aBa

ngka

Belit

ung

Kalim

anta

nTe

ngah

Kepu

laua

nRi

auLa

mpu

ngJa

wa

Bara

tRi

auSu

law

esiB

arat

Mal

uku

Uta

raSu

law

esiT

enga

hSu

law

esiU

tara

Gor

onta

loN

usa

Teng

gara

Bara

tN

usa

Teng

gara

Tim

urSu

mat

era

Bara

tIN

DON

ESIA

Papu

aBa

rat

Sum

ater

aSe

lata

nSu

law

esiS

elat

anSu

mat

era

Uta

raJa

mbi

Kalim

anta

nSe

lata

nKa

liman

tan

Bara

tM

aluk

uJa

wa

Tim

urKa

liman

tan

Tim

urJa

wa

Teng

ahSu

law

esiT

engg

ara

Bali

DIYo

gyak

arta

TOTAL URBAN RURAL

SUSENAS

Figure 7.13

and between urban and rural areas.

0

30

40

50

60

70

80

1020

20

10

Perc

enta

ge

-

111

Figure 7.14

TARGET100 MDG

90.

76.8rural, urban and all

62 4 households with.55.6 access to improved

(1993-2009) and the MDG targetsfor these indicatorsin 201534

.051

.269

.5

Kepu

laua

nRi

au45

.78

20.6

35.0

54.1

Sula

wes

iTen

ggar

a45

.91

28.6

44.2

64.7

Jaw

aTi

mur

51.0

7

INDO

NES

IA51

.19

31.4

48.6

66.7

59.2

53.6 57

.7

45.0 49

.4

51.1

51.2 56

.9

24.8 27

.5

21.9 25

.2 27.5

28.9 32

.6

11.1

12.2

9.6

12.1 14

.2

15.6

17.3

17.4

32.7

53.7

17.3

34.3

56.6

18.0

35.6

57.3

Sula

wes

iTen

gah

42.0

2

Aceh

42.0

320

.735

.656

.7

Mal

uku

Uta

ra43

.18

22.5

38.1

Note:Data does not includeTimor Timur

:BPS, Susenas 1993 –

URBAN RURAL TOTAL 2009.

100908070 .6050 households with 40 access to improved30

by rural/urban areas by province(2009)14

.98

21.6

528

.78

32.6

334

.66

38.4

338

.69

39.2

139

.83

Nus

aTe

ngga

raTi

mur

Papu

aKa

liman

tan

Teng

ahPa

pua

Bara

tBe

ngku

luLa

mpu

ngM

aluk

uSu

mat

era

Bara

tN

usa

Teng

gara

Bara

tKa

liman

tan

Bara

t40

.12

Jam

bi40

.93

Kalim

anta

nSe

lata

n41

.16

Sum

ater

aSe

lata

n41

.48

Gor

onta

lo43

.84

Sula

wes

iBar

at45

.35

Sum

ater

aU

tara

51.9

252

.17

52.7

554

.06

57.5

858

.48

58.8

260

.66

63.5

975

.35

75.9

580

.37

Jaw

aBa

rat

Riau

Jaw

aTe

ngah

Sula

wes

iSel

atan

Kalim

anta

nTi

mur

Bant

enBa

ngka

Belit

ung

Sula

wes

iUta

raDI

Yogy

akar

taBa

liDK

IJak

arta

Note:Data does not includeTimor Timur

:BPS, Susenas 2009.

TOTAL URBAN RURAL

112

Box 7.2. The success story of Lumajang District, Jawa Timur Province in achievingtarget 7c of the MDGs: drinking water and sanitation

Lumajang District in East Java Province has an area of 1,790.9 km2 and about one million peopleliving in a region dominated by plains and mountains. Efforts to improve access to safe drinkingwater and basic sanitation in Lumajang were initiated in 2003 through the Community-BasedDrinking Water and Sanitation Program. Later in 2007, the Community-BasedTotal Sanitation(STBM) was introduced, using the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach. With theseprograms, Lumajang has achieved a significant progress in meeting the needs of drinking waterand sanitation through community empowerment activities, institutional strengthening at alllevels and the campaign for improving community hygiene behavior.

After three years of STBM implementation, four of the ten sub-districts in Lumajang reachedthe status of Open Defecation Free (ODF) in 2009. They were Gucialit, Senduro, Padang andKedungjajang Sub-district. In general, access to latrines in the district has reached 74 percentand the Head of Lumajang Local Government has committed to make Lumajang an ODF Districtby 2013.

Infrastructure provision is not only limited to latrine supply, but also includes the manufacturingof healthy latrines with different choices, ranging from the cheapest to the most expensivedepending on the ability of the customer. This has changed the public’s perception that makinga toilet is difficult, requiring a large area and high costs.

Currently, there are four centers of the latrine industry in the district, namely Gucialit, Pasrujambe,Pasirian and Yosowilangun, that have successfully built more than 400 healthy latrines basedupon requests from the community since March 2010. A network has been developed bythe management in cooperation with the suppliers of building materials. On the other hand,collaboration with local leaders of the community to provide information to the public hasalso increased demand. As for the builders, both the management’s builders and local buildershave been employed. The success story of Lumajang District as a district with an innovativebreakthrough in promoting community-based total sanitation was awarded the Jawa PostAutonomy Award in 2009.

In order to satisfy the needs of drinking water, development of facilities continues to takeplace. Tirto Lestari is one of the district-level community forums which consist of several FacilityManagement Unit (UPS) for drinking water. This association functions as a forum for sharingexperiences and solving problems related to the actual implementation in the field, includingthe facilitation of village level meetings. One of the guided units, Tirta Mandiri, has succeeded infully meeting the needs of drinking water for the community.

During Phase I (2009), a drinking water piped system of 17 kilometers from the water sourcesnear the border of Probolinggo District has been successfully built to meet the needs of water forseveral community groups in three sub-districts, with a total cost of about Rp600 million. In thesecond phase (2010), a self-supporting drinking water network of approximately 15 kilometerswhich involves three sub-districts is taking place, targeted to benefit 33 groups from five villages(Gucialit, Dadapan, Kalisemut, Meraan and Krasak).

114

TARGET 7D: BY 2020, TO HAVE ACHIEVED A SIGNIFICANTIMPROVEMENT IN THE LIVES OF AT LEAST 100 MILLIONSLUM DWELLERS


Status Source


Status:

115

1 in Indonesia has declined from 20.75percent in 1993 to 12.12 percent in 2009.

Figure 7.15,

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

5.1 5.6

5.7 7.

67.

7 7.9 8.5

8.5

8.6

8.6 9.0 9.7

9.8 10

.510

.710

.9 12.1

12.5 13.3

13.3

13.3

14.0

14.1

14.1

14.6 15

.7 17.0 18

.819

.1 21.4 24

.0 25.1

25.4

28.9

Nus

aTe

ngga

raTi

mur

Perc

enta

ge

.

0 of urban slum

DIYo

gyak

arta

Jaw

aTe

ngah

Kalim

anta

nBa

rat

Mal

uku

Uta

raJa

mbi

Sum

ater

aU

tara

Bang

kaBe

litun

gSu

mat

era

Bara

tSu

law

esiS

elat

anJa

wa

Tim

urKa

liman

tan

Sela

tan

Kalim

anta

nTi

mur

Aceh

Riau

Sula

wes

iTen

ggar

aLa

mpu

ngIN

DON

ESIA

Gor

onta

loBa

liKa

liman

tan

Teng

ahBe

ngku

luSu

mat

era

Sela

tan

Sula

wes

iTen

gah

Kepu

laua

nRi

auJa

wa

Bara

tBa

nten

Sula

wes

iUta

raM

aluk

uSu

law

esiB

arat

Papu

aBa

rat

Nus

aTe

ngga

raBa

rat

DKIJ

akar

taPa

pua households by

province, 2009

:BPS, Susenas.

GOAL 8 : DEVELOP A GLOBALPARTNERSHIP FORDEVELOPMENT

JAKARTACOMMITMENT:AID FOR DEVELOPMENTEFFECTIVENESS

TO 2014

GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIAAND ITS DEVELOPMENTPARTNERS

121

8 GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPFOR DEVELOPMENT

TARGET 8A

FINANCIAL SYSTEM


Status Source

Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Status:

Greatereconomicopennesssupportedbyanimprovedregulatoryframeworkfortradehas

growth in Indonesia.

imports to GDP, and it has shown improvement.

122

100%

37.9% 39.5%

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

Mili

arDo

lar

AS

Perc

enta

ge(le

velo

feco

nom

icop

enne

ss) 90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

.The trends for

imports, exports,GDP growth and

and exports toGDP as the MDG

indicator foreconomic openness

0%:

BPS and the WorldBank, 2009 . 19

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

09

Level of Economic Openness EXPORTS

IMPORTS GDP at Current Price (billion USD)

Table 8.1

Indonesian non-oil and gas exports Indonesian non-oil and gas imports

Country of Country of Origin .

Ranking of the tencountries which

were the main

Indonesian non-oil and gas exports

and the origin of Indonesian non-oil and gas imports in

2009

:Ministry of Trade

(computed byBappenas), 2010 .

*Members of ASEAN

123

1997/1998, including by strengthening the resilience of the banking industry through

banking industry.

Indicators 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

In the period following the economic crisis, the LDR for commercial banks and rural

Table 8.2

Indicators 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

.Selected indicators

commercial banksin Indonesia, 2000 – 2009

:Bank of Indonesia,Indonesian

.Selected indicators

of rural banks in Indonesia, 2003 – 2009

:Indonesian Banking

Indonesia

124

have now lasted for eight years without reaching an agreement.

LKM

-

125

B3K

LJK

TARGET 8D: DEAL COMPREHENSIVELY WITH THE DEBT PROBLEMSOF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THROUGH NATIONALAND INTERNATIONAL MEASURES IN ORDER TO MAKE


Status Source



126

Trilliun IDR

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

50.7%

60.0% 57.9% 56.8%

41.1% 39.4%33.1% 34.1%

27.1%

17.3%24.8%

19.2%24.2% 21.9%

24.6%

37.9%

47.3%39.9% 41.9%

37.2%31.3% 29.0% 27.8%

22.4%16.8% 14.8% 14.7%

10.9%

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Ra�o of Foreign Debt to GDP

( % )

120%

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

.The trend of

foreign debt toGDP and the Debt

during 1996-2009

:Bank of Indonesia,

Indonesian Economic

Ministry of Finance,2010 .

Outstanding Debt GDB Ra�o of Debt to GDPDSR Foreign Loan Ra�o of Foreign Debt to GDP

GDP had declined from a peak of 89 percent in 2000 to 30 percent in 2009.

Figure 8.2

borrowing.

per year during the 2010-2014 period is a major challenge for the Government.

127

no longer be eligible to receive loans with the lowest interest rates and longer maturity

129

TARGET 8F: IN COOPERATION WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR, MAKEAVAILABLE THE BENEFITS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES,ESPECIALLY INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS


Status Source


Status:

development during the 2005-2009 period shows that the total teledensity of

1

On the other hand, there

in the availability of

about 85 percent of

infrastructures areconcentrated in westernIndonesia and there are

villages that do not havet e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s

130

1. Improving the management of limited resources

local contents to spur demand

131

period is aimed at strengthening

133

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Photo credits

Cover

Goal 1

Target 1A

Goal 2

Goal 2

Goal 3

Goal 4

Goal 4

Goal 5

Goal 6

Goal 7

Goal 7

Target 7C

Goal 8

Goal 8

2010 (3.5 mb)

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