2007 mcgraw-hill higher education. all rights reserved. nation of nations, sixth edition davidson...

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

NATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITIONNATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITIONDAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFFDAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF

Chapter 4: Chapter 4: The First Century of The First Century of

Settlement in the Colonial Settlement in the Colonial North (1600-1700)North (1600-1700)


PreviewPreview ““European colonization in the North unleashed European colonization in the North unleashed

profound and unpredictable changes... As profound and unpredictable changes... As underpopulated New France struggled to forge underpopulated New France struggled to forge alliances with native peoples, the English alliances with native peoples, the English colonies grew and diversified. New England’s colonies grew and diversified. New England’s stable societies, with their strong family bonds stable societies, with their strong family bonds and growing tradition of self-government, and growing tradition of self-government, contrasted with the more prosperous and contrasted with the more prosperous and ethnically mixed colonies of the mid-Atlantic.”ethnically mixed colonies of the mid-Atlantic.”

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The HighlightsThe Highlights

France in North AmericaFrance in North America The Founding of New EnglandThe Founding of New England The Mid-Atlantic ColoniesThe Mid-Atlantic Colonies Adjustment to EmpireAdjustment to Empire

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France in North AmericaFrance in North America The French primarily cultivated trading The French primarily cultivated trading

relationships rather than building settlementsrelationships rather than building settlements– Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec and allies with the Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec and allies with the

Algonquins against the Mohawk (Iroqouis Confederacy)Algonquins against the Mohawk (Iroqouis Confederacy)– Cultivated fur for the elite; religious, gov’t, aristocracyCultivated fur for the elite; religious, gov’t, aristocracy

Jesuit friars attempted to convert natives through Jesuit friars attempted to convert natives through persuasion rather than forcepersuasion rather than force– Motivated by Counter-ReformationMotivated by Counter-Reformation– Christianized Indians and gave more favorable prices to Christianized Indians and gave more favorable prices to

nativesnatives– Interlocked economic, strategic, and religious objectivesInterlocked economic, strategic, and religious objectives– ? Of assimilation caused friction amongst native communities? Of assimilation caused friction amongst native communities

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•Beaver Wars (approx. 1650-1700) decimated French Beaver Wars (approx. 1650-1700) decimated French population but also forced expansion of operations to the population but also forced expansion of operations to the western Great Lakes and Mississippi Riverwestern Great Lakes and Mississippi River

• Dutch had little desire to set up colonies but established the Dutch had little desire to set up colonies but established the Dutch West India Co. at New Amsterdam and Ft. Orange Dutch West India Co. at New Amsterdam and Ft. Orange (Albany)(Albany)•Mohawk and the Iroquois ascendancy in region and access Mohawk and the Iroquois ascendancy in region and access to European goods and the collapse of the beaver population to European goods and the collapse of the beaver population reignites native rivalryreignites native rivalry•2 Catastrophe’s Epidemic wave’s kill 50% of hurons 2 Catastrophe’s Epidemic wave’s kill 50% of hurons (10,000+) and late 1630’s Dutch enter arms trade(10,000+) and late 1630’s Dutch enter arms trade•1649-50 the decimation from attack, enslavment, migration, 1649-50 the decimation from attack, enslavment, migration, exposure end the Huronsexposure end the Hurons•300+ French Killed (1/2 of population) and rethinking of trade 300+ French Killed (1/2 of population) and rethinking of trade network and Indian alliancesnetwork and Indian alliances•Lasalle descended Mississippi River Lasalle descended Mississippi River •French maintained uneasy peace w/ Native’s to the west and French maintained uneasy peace w/ Native’s to the west and the Iroquois confederacythe Iroquois confederacy


The Founding of New EnglandThe Founding of New EnglandReligious Crisis, Unemployment, Recesion, Politics led to immigrationReligious Crisis, Unemployment, Recesion, Politics led to immigration

The Puritan MovementThe Puritan Movement– Puritans consisted of Presbyterian and Puritans consisted of Presbyterian and

Congregationalist believersCongregationalist believers– Puritans, like all Calvinists, emphasized Puritans, like all Calvinists, emphasized

predestinationpredestination– Puritan calls for reform of Church and State led to Puritan calls for reform of Church and State led to

their separatist band sailing for Americatheir separatist band sailing for America– 1620: “Pilgrims” establish Plymouth Colony1620: “Pilgrims” establish Plymouth Colony

William Bradford and the Mayflower Compact (Enfranchised Adult William Bradford and the Mayflower Compact (Enfranchised Adult males), Wampanoags, Chief Masasoit and Squanto helped the males), Wampanoags, Chief Masasoit and Squanto helped the Pilgrims 44 of 102 survived till Spring, perhaps b/c of epidemicPilgrims 44 of 102 survived till Spring, perhaps b/c of epidemic

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The Puritan Settlement at Massachusetts BayThe Puritan Settlement at Massachusetts Bay– Puritians believed Anglican Church capable of reform. Puritians believed Anglican Church capable of reform.

1625 Charles I took the throne and inherieted his 1625 Charles I took the throne and inherieted his father’s enemies 1629 dissolved parliamentfather’s enemies 1629 dissolved parliament

– 1629: second wave of Puritan migration to New England 1629: second wave of Puritan migration to New England organized by the Massachusetts Bay Company aimed to organized by the Massachusetts Bay Company aimed to build a “City on the Hill” (we’re not trying to leave build a “City on the Hill” (we’re not trying to leave England) received Royal Charter for Mass. And N.HEngland) received Royal Charter for Mass. And N.H

– Governor of company, John Winthrop, led transition Governor of company, John Winthrop, led transition from trading charter to government in Massachusetts from trading charter to government in Massachusetts election of Govenor, assitants, and general court election of Govenor, assitants, and general court (represenative assembly)(represenative assembly)

– 1631 freeman redefine as any adult male church 1631 freeman redefine as any adult male church membermember

– Puritians shaped Church, Society and State to their Puritians shaped Church, Society and State to their likingliking

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Stability and Order in Early New EnglandStability and Order in Early New England– Massive smallpox epidemic wiped out up to 90% of Massive smallpox epidemic wiped out up to 90% of

native population in years before settlers arrived.native population in years before settlers arrived.– Life expectancy in Puritan New England twice as long Life expectancy in Puritan New England twice as long

as in Virginiaas in Virginia– By 1700, population of New England was 100,000—By 1700, population of New England was 100,000—

most from natural increasemost from natural increase– More stable families, which led to a more stable More stable families, which led to a more stable

society with defined patterns of settlementsociety with defined patterns of settlement– Hierarchy in families reflected in village leadershipHierarchy in families reflected in village leadership– Puritian work ethicPuritian work ethic– Unity in purpose/thought not free opinionUnity in purpose/thought not free opinion

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Congregational Church OrderCongregational Church Order– Church members had to prove their experience with Church members had to prove their experience with

“conversion”“conversion”– In spite of the level of religiosity in New England, the In spite of the level of religiosity in New England, the

separation of church and state was advanced compared separation of church and state was advanced compared to Europe to Europe Ministers did not take office, Congregationalist Church did not Ministers did not take office, Congregationalist Church did not

own propertyown property

Colonial Governments DemocraticColonial Governments Democratic– Importance of the town meeting w/ agenda set by Importance of the town meeting w/ agenda set by

elected officials, elected officials, – Represenative Institutions- Govenor, and bicameral Represenative Institutions- Govenor, and bicameral

legislaturelegislature– Large segment of adult male population enfranchisedLarge segment of adult male population enfranchised– Undemocratic only open to Church members forced non Undemocratic only open to Church members forced non

believers to accept preceptsbelievers to accept precepts

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Communities in ConflictCommunities in Conflict– ““Company towns,” dominated by single men, were the Company towns,” dominated by single men, were the

exceptions to Puritan stabilityexceptions to Puritan stability– Evolving conflicts over religious differencesEvolving conflicts over religious differences

Thomas Bay Hooker founds Cambridge leninat church Thomas Bay Hooker founds Cambridge leninat church membership enfrachment not linked to chruch memberhsipmembership enfrachment not linked to chruch memberhsip

HereticsHeretics– Controversy over the separatist Roger Williams, who Controversy over the separatist Roger Williams, who

founded Rhode Island in 1636founded Rhode Island in 1636 Speartist w/ complete Separation of Church and StateSpeartist w/ complete Separation of Church and State Suggested inform king of illegal seizure of native landSuggested inform king of illegal seizure of native land

– Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism—expelled in Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism—expelled in 16381638 Strong willed, indepenedent, expelled to R.I. Strong willed, indepenedent, expelled to R.I.

– Tensions with QuakersTensions with Quakers

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Goodwives and WitchesGoodwives and Witches– Defined gender roles in Puritan society—woman Defined gender roles in Puritan society—woman

restricted to domestic work, a necessary good,restricted to domestic work, a necessary good,– Significant legal barriers for womenSignificant legal barriers for women– Only in churches did Puritan woman command Only in churches did Puritan woman command

semi-equal standing with mensemi-equal standing with men– Assertive women accused w/ witchcraft (344 charged)Assertive women accused w/ witchcraft (344 charged)

Whites and Indians in Early New EnglandWhites and Indians in Early New England– Puritans made few efforts to convert IndiansPuritans made few efforts to convert Indians– Compelling similarities between Puritan and Compelling similarities between Puritan and

Algonquin societies, hunting, farming, Sachem’s, Algonquin societies, hunting, farming, Sachem’s, power contigent on trust and consent of people, power contigent on trust and consent of people,

– Bitter tensions culminated in Pequot’s War (1636-37) Bitter tensions culminated in Pequot’s War (1636-37) and King Philip’s War (1675-1676)and King Philip’s War (1675-1676)

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KING PHILIP’S WAR Rapid expansion of New England creates friction ､1637: Pequot War in Connecticut River Valley English and Narrangansett allies Mystic River massacre ､

1675-76: King Phillip's WarMetacom (Massasoit's son) attempt at pan-Indian alliance to resist Englishfrontier settlements hit in a coordinated effort throughout New England 52 Puritan towns attacked (12 destroyed)hundreds of colonists and Indians killed Metacom drawn, quartered, and beheadedThe last stand of the New England tribes


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The Mid-Atlantic ColoniesThe Mid-Atlantic Colonies The Founding of New NetherlandsThe Founding of New Netherlands

– 1624: New Netherlands settled by the Dutch West 1624: New Netherlands settled by the Dutch West India CompanyIndia Company

– Dutch had little desire to establish permanent colonies Dutch had little desire to establish permanent colonies abroad—interested only in trade abroad—interested only in trade

– This facet of Dutch colonization prompted the This facet of Dutch colonization prompted the immigration of a widely diverse group of settlers to immigration of a widely diverse group of settlers to New AmsterdamNew Amsterdam

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English Rule in New YorkEnglish Rule in New York– 1664: English invaded New Netherlands; the Dutch quickly 1664: English invaded New Netherlands; the Dutch quickly

surrendered Charles II granted brother James a proprietor surrendered Charles II granted brother James a proprietor chartercharter

– For the remainder of the 17th century, English rule not any For the remainder of the 17th century, English rule not any more productive than Dutch rule rejected the elective more productive than Dutch rule rejected the elective assemblies Charter of Liberties, which would have granted assemblies Charter of Liberties, which would have granted basic political rightsbasic political rights

The League of the IroquoisThe League of the Iroquois– Union of the Five Nations (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Union of the Five Nations (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga,

Cayuga, and Seneca)Cayuga, and Seneca)– Powerful players in the trading networks and political game Powerful players in the trading networks and political game

of the English and Frenchof the English and French– Iroquois women very powerfulIroquois women very powerful

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The Founding of New JerseyThe Founding of New Jersey– 1702: established as a royal colony1702: established as a royal colony– Dominated by small farms and diverse ethnic and Dominated by small farms and diverse ethnic and

religious groupsreligious groups Quaker OdysseysQuaker Odysseys

– Belief in internal spirit, the “Light Within”Belief in internal spirit, the “Light Within”– Fervent belief in egalitarianismFervent belief in egalitarianism– 1681: William Penn established Pennsylvania, a 1681: William Penn established Pennsylvania, a

proprietary colonyproprietary colony– Massive migration: by 1700, population was 21,000Massive migration: by 1700, population was 21,000

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Patterns of SettlementPatterns of Settlement– Population in Pennsylvania consisted of indentured Population in Pennsylvania consisted of indentured

servants, small farmers, and artisansservants, small farmers, and artisans– Majority were Quakers, but also people of other faiths Majority were Quakers, but also people of other faiths

settledsettled– Unique peace between settlers and Indians, the Lenni Unique peace between settlers and Indians, the Lenni

LenapesLenapes Quakers and PoliticsQuakers and Politics

– Constant tension among Penn, his council, the Constant tension among Penn, his council, the legislative assembly, and farmers who opposed legislative assembly, and farmers who opposed quitrentsquitrents

– 1701 Charter of Privellages, new constitution1701 Charter of Privellages, new constitution Stripped council of legaslative abality, limited Penn to veto Stripped council of legaslative abality, limited Penn to veto

power of legislation and owner of ungranted land. Established power of legislation and owner of ungranted land. Established unicameral gov’tunicameral gov’t

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Adjustment to EmpireAdjustment to Empire The Dominion of New EnglandThe Dominion of New England

– 1686-88, the Crown under James II consolidated the 1686-88, the Crown under James II consolidated the colonies of northeastern America into one entity in colonies of northeastern America into one entity in order to consolidate economic benefit for the home order to consolidate economic benefit for the home countrycountry

– Governor Edmund Andros used ruthless policies and Governor Edmund Andros used ruthless policies and leadership to enforce the authority of the English leadership to enforce the authority of the English governmentgovernment

– Widespread opposition in colonies to Andros’ Widespread opposition in colonies to Andros’ leadershipleadership

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The Aftershocks of the Glorious RevolutionThe Aftershocks of the Glorious Revolution– 1688: James II deposed in favor of Protestant 1688: James II deposed in favor of Protestant

daughter, Mary, and her Dutch husband, William of daughter, Mary, and her Dutch husband, William of OrangeOrange

– New Englanders take cue from the revolution and New Englanders take cue from the revolution and depose Edmund Androsdepose Edmund Andros

– Dominion overthrown; colonies given new charters, Dominion overthrown; colonies given new charters, 1689-911689-91 Massachusstes, Plymouth, Maine combined into MAMassachusstes, Plymouth, Maine combined into MA Conneticut and R.I. charters restoredConneticut and R.I. charters restored

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Royal Authority in America to 1700Royal Authority in America to 1700– 1696: Parliament initiated closer regulation of trade in 1696: Parliament initiated closer regulation of trade in

the coloniesthe colonies– By early 1700s, members of colonial assemblies By early 1700s, members of colonial assemblies

understood the limits of royal powerunderstood the limits of royal power– Growing threat to English colonies by ascendant Growing threat to English colonies by ascendant

power of Francepower of France

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2007 mcgraw-hill higher education. all rights reserved. nation of nations, sixth edition davidson...

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