©2006 pearson education, inc. publishing as longman publishers 1763-1775 created equal jones wood ...
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©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
1763-1775
CREATED EQUAL
JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ
CHAPTER 6 The Limits of
Imperial Control
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“We are taxed without our own consent, we are therefore Slaves.”
John Dickinson, “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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TIMELINE1763 Pontiac’s Uprising
1764 Sugar and Currency Acts
1766 Declaratory Act
1767 Jesuits expelled from Spanish realm
Revenue Acts
1768 Treaty of Hard Labor in South Carolina
Treaty of Fort Stanwiz in New York
British troops in Boston
1770 Boston Massacre
1771 North Carolina Regulators defeated
1772 Gaspee incident
1773 Boston Tea Party
1774 “Intolerable Acts”
First Continental Congress
Declaration of Rights
(March-June) Coercive Acts
1775 Second Continental Congress
(April) Revere warns Provincial Congress “The British are coming…”
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THE LIMITS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL Overview
New Challenges to Spain’s Expanded Empire
New Challenges to Britain’s Expanded Empire
“The Unconquerable Rage of the People”A Conspiracy of Corrupt Ministers?Launching a Revolution
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NEW CHALLENGES TO SPAIN’S EXPANDED EMPIRE
Pacific Exploration, Hawaiian ContactThe Russians Lay Claim to AlaskaSpain Colonizes the California Coast
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Spanish Exploration After 1760 and the Start of the California Missions
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Pacific Exploration, Hawaiian Contact
1766: Bougainville searched for “Terra Australis Incognita”
1778: Cook in the Hawaiian Islands1779: Cook returned to Hawaii but
killed by Hawaiians after pilfering
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The Russians Lay Claim to Alaska
1728: Vitus Bering crossed Siberia and the strait into North America.
Russian trappers kidnapping of Alaskan natives to barter for furs
Shelikov forms company which became the Russian-American Company in 1799
Russian posts established in Kodiak, Sitka and extended reach to Spanish California
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Spain Colonizes the California Coast
San Diego Bay established in 1769Monterey established in 1770Franciscan missionariesSan Francisco established in 1775Exploration by land and sea Yuma revolt in 1781
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British North America, 1763-1766
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NEW CHALLENGES TO BRITAIN’S EXPANDED EMPIRE
Midwestern Lands and Pontiac’s War for Indian Independence
Greenville’s Effort at ReformThe Stamp Act ImposedThe Stamp Act Revisited
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Midwestern Lands and Pontiac’s War for Indian Independence
French had been good trading partners with Indians; but Britain initiates prohibitions on trade and ceremonial gifts
Pontiac, Ottawa warrior built coalition and attacked Detroit in 1763
1765: Pontiac assassinated 1763: Proclamation Line, no settlers west of the
Appalachian Divide1768: Treaty of Hard Labor and Treaty of Fort Stanwix
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Greenville’s Effort at Reform
1763 Greenville inherited large national debt A military presence in the colonies enforced
peace with Indians, protected Canada and Florida, and employed young men. Asks colonies to pay their stipends.
American Duties Act of 1764The Currency Act of 1764Quartering Act
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The Stamp Act Imposed
A statute that would require the purchasing of stamps for paper documents from agents raising 7.5% of all stamp sales for England
Some colonists consulted and England anticipated easy acceptance of the Act.
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The Stamp Act RevisitedPatrick Henry’s 5 resolutions (Virginia Resolves)Stamp Act Congress in New York in October, 1765The Loyal Nine forcds stamp distributor to resignThe Sons of LibertyBoycott of goods from BritainParliament repealed the Stamp Act and enacted the
Declaratory Act“to make Laws…to bind the Colonists and People of
America…in all Cases whatsoever.”
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“THE UNCONQUERABLE RAGE OF THE PEOPLE”
Power Corrupts: An English Framework for Revolution
Americans Practice Vigilance and Restraint
Rural Unrest: Tenant Farmers and Regulators
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Power Corrupts: An English Framework for Revolution
Aristotle and “mobocracy”Real Whigs
Two signs to watch for: concentration of wealth in few hands and the political and social corruption that follow
Trenchard and Gordon’s Cato’s LettersTyranny is often imposed through small, subtle steps
John Adams“Rage of the People”
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Americans Practice Vigilance and Restraint
Cato’s Letters: “Yoke of Servitude”People should be alert to corrupt ministers
Expensive wars, damaging treaties, promotion of “yes-men” officials, jury trials replaced by arbitrary proceedings, curtailment of freedom of press or religion
Response must be circumspect, and first avenue taken should be legal methods of redress
Stamp Act demonstrations followed this restraint with results
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Rural Unrest: Tenant Farmers and Regulators
John Wilkes imprisoned in 1768 and St. George’s Field massacre
1765: William Prendergast and the Levellers and the Hudson Valley Revolt
1771: The Regulator Movement in the Carolina
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A CONSPIRACY OF CORRUPT MINISTERS?
The Townshend DutiesThe Boston MassacreThe Gaspée Affair
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The Townshend Duties
Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townsend Revenue Act of 1767Customs Act of 1767
February, 1768, Sam Adams petitioned the king, caledl the Revenue Act unconstitutional-- using taxation without representation
June, 1768, Hancock’s ship the Liberty seized The Boycott/Nonimportation movement
Daughters of Liberty March, 1770, Lord North had Parliament repeal the Townshend Duties,
except for the one on tea
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The Boston Massacre
February, 1770: 11-year old Seider killed by a customs informer.
March 5, 1770: Protestors outside a custom hours provoked soldiers who then fired into the crowd.Crispus AttucksJohn Adams, defender of the soldiers
Sons of Liberty took up cause naming the incident The Boston MassacreAdams: “On that night the foundation of American
independence was laid.”
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The Gaspée AffairJune 1772, the customs boat, Gaspée, rad aground
and was attacked by raiders in Pawtuxet.Earl of Hillsborough attempted to extradite the
raiders for trial in England prompting colonists to resist, citing that their fundamental rights to trial by a jury of their peers was being denied.
March 1773: Henry, Jefferson, and Lee established investigating committee and kept in contact with sister colonies.
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LAUNCHING A REVOLUTIONThe Tempest Over TeaThe Intolerable ActsFrom Words to Action
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The Tempest Over Tea
The Tea Act of 1773 confirmed the right of Parliament to collect a tea tax of threepence per pound.
10,000 pounds of tea arrived in Boston and Governor Hutchinson decided to unload amid Sons of Liberty’s vow to resist.
December 16: 150 men disguised as Mohawks boarded and dumped the tea in the harbor
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The Intolerable Acts
March-June, 1774: Coercive Acts designed to isolate and punish MassachusettsBoston Port ActAdministration of Justice ActThe Quartering ActMassachusetts Government Act
The Quebec ActJefferson’s A Summary View of the Rights of British
AmericaMinutemen
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From Words to Action
September 1774: 56 delegates at the First Continental Congress in PhiladelphiaOctober 1774: Declaration of Rights
April 1775: Gage ordered to arrest members of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress.Revere and Dawes warnings and British greeted by colonial
militiamen“The shot heard round the world” at Concord; the British
retreat
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British North America, April 1775