2 waste management threats and opportunities
TRANSCRIPT
Country Report: Plastics Industry in India- Issues and Challenges
23RD ANNUAL GLOBAL MEETING ON PLASTICS & SUSTAINABILITY
A presentation by…
ARVIND M MEHTAChairman Plastivision India Advisory Board. AIPMA
Executive Director Council of International PlasticsAssociation Directors (CIPAD)
Past President: Plastindia FoundationPast President: AIPMA
Threats and Challenges for the Plastics Industry : An Indian Perspective
WASTE MANAGEMENT: THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Miami, USA. 4-5 December 2012
2Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Process Chain of Plastics Recycling
RecycledPlasticProducts
Recycling ofPlastics Waste
Sale of Dry Waste Segregated Dry Waste
Dump Yard
Composting
Agriculture
WetWaste
Dry Waste
Segregation
3Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Plastic Content in Different Types of City Waste
High Income Group
Middle Income Group
Low Income Group
Commercial Complex
Vegetable Market
Street Dumping
Disposal site Plastic Waste in %6%
9%
6%
7%
7%
10%
14%
Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 4
9%
6%
7%
7%
10%
14%
Percentage of quantitiesin the waste at Gorai (Landfill in Mumbai)
Compostable Matter33%
Paper8%Metal / Glass
2%
Miscellaneous(Sand, Silt, Debris etc.)
52%
Plastic5%
Actual Composition of Waste in a Mumbai Landfill
Source: NEERI (National Environmental Engineering & Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra) Report on composition of MSW in Mumbai landfill in 2005
Moreover, over 95% of plastics are collected from landfills for recycling
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 5
9%
6%
7%
7%
10%
14%
Less than 5 % of plastics remain in the landfills
Characterisation of Total Waste
- Study in Deonar Dumping Area in Mumbai
Actual Composition of Waste in a Mumbai Landfill
345 kg (6.6%) for Recycling
Plastics,6.9%
Non-Plastics,4.3%
Dry Waste,11.2%
6Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Overview of Plastic Waste Management in India
Per Day
Plastic Waste Generation 15342 MT
Plastic waste Generation per capita 13 gm
Plastic Waste Collection (Estimated: 60% of consumption) 9205 MT
Uncollected Plastic Waste (Estimated: 40% by weight) 6137 MT
Municipal solid waste generation as per CPCB study on MSW generation in 60 major cities (2010-11) 50592 MT
Plastic waste generation as per CPCB study on MSW generation in 60 major cities (2010-11) 3501 MT
Source: Central Pollution Control Board ‘Material on Plastic Waste Management’ June 2012
Plastic Waste Management at a Glance
7Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Recycling Industry in India Quite Developed
Average annual volume of plastics recycled 3.6 MMT
Number of Organized Recycling Units 3500
Number of Unorganized Recycling Units >10,000
Manpower directly involved in Plastics Recycling ~6,00,000
Manpower indirectly involved in Plastics Recycling ~10,00,000
Estimated Investment in Plant & Machinery US$ 30 million
Plastics Recycled PE, PP, PVC, PET, PS, ABS, PMMA, PBT, SAN and Nylon
~ 40% of plastics consumed are recycled.
One of the highest recycling rates in the world
Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012
8Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
• Improper waste management causes o Soil Pollutiono Air Pollutiono Water Pollution
• MSW clogs drains, creating o Stagnant water for insect breeding and o Floods during rainy seasons
• Greenhouse gases are generated from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills
• Insect and rodent vectors are attracted to the waste and can spread diseases such as cholera and dengue fever
• Some Health Problems linked to improper waste management are infections, allergies, breathing problems and even cardiovascular risk
Threats from Waste Management
9Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Existing Process Flow – Recycling of Consumer Waste
Clearly delineated roles and functions in an efficient multi-stage process
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Household Waste Hotel/Hospital Waste Street Waste Dump yard
Rag pickersScrap Dealers
Scrap wholesalers
Recyclers Sorting & CleaningGrinding,
Cleaning, Drying
Sold to processors/Product conversion to end
Granulation & Packaging
Lump Formation & Grinding
Flow Diagram for Recycling of Consumer Waste
Consumer Waste
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 10
Existing Process Flow – Recycling of Industrial Waste
Efficient value addition process governed by market dynamics
Industrial Waste
End Users Street Waste
Scrap Dealers Scrap Pickers
Scrap Wholesalers
Recycler Sorting & CleaningGrinding,
Cleaning, Drying
Lump Formation & Grinding
Granulation & Packaging
Sold to Processors / Product Conversion to End
Flow Diagram for Recycling of Industrial Waste
11Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Plastic Waste Recycling Material Flow
Plastic Waste
Landfill
Mechanical Recycling
Feedstock Recycling
Conversion to Monomer Conversion to Fuel Reducing
Agent in Blast Furnace Gasification
Biological Recycling
Energy Recovery
Cement Kiln Heat & Power Generation
Material Recovery
12Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
• Encouraging Re-use of plastics
• Segregation at source – awareness among citizens against littering
• Proper system for collection of segregated wastes for facilitating recycling
• Incentives / encouragement for recycling
• Upgradation of the existing mechanical recycling technology
• Encouragement for alternate methods of recycling / recovery of energy
Possible Solutions
13Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Plastic Waste
Source of Waste Application of Recycled Material
PET Soft drink and mineral water bottles
Multi-layer soft drink bottles, carpet fibres, fleece jackets
HDPEMilk crates, bottles for
shampoo and cleaners milk and cream bottles
Waste bins, detergent bottles, crates, agricultural pipes, Plastic lumber,
Plant pots, Traffic cones, Toys, Outdoor furniture
Rigid PVCClear cordial and juice bottles,
plumbing pipes and fittings
Detergent bottles, tiles, plumbing pipe fittings.
PPDrinking straws, ice-cream
containers hinged lunch boxes
Composite bins, crates
PS Yoghurt containers, plastic cutlery
Coat hangers, office accessories rulers, video/CD boxes
Creating Wealth from Waste
Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
UnitAnnual Milk Production (2012 projection by FAO) MMT 127
Milk Packaged (15% of annual production) MMT 19.1
Milk Packaged in Pouches (94% of packaged milk) MMT 17.9
Daily Milk sales million litres 3.4
Daily pouch requirement (potential in 100% packaged sale scenario)
million nos. 6.9
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Waste Wealth Milk Pouches Waterproofing (Barsati) Films
Source: FAO, IBEF; Ministry of Food Processing, Govt. of India; Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012; http://
www.businesscoot.com;
Milk Packaging in India
Milk pouches discarded by households collected by rag-pickers recycled & converted to barsati films by recyclers
Milk increasingly being sold in packaged form, polymer consumption in sector likely to rise manifold from current 0.7 MMT more recycling
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 15
Opportunity : Waste Wealth
16Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Opportunity : Waste Wealth
Plastic Battery Boxes Recycled into Affordable Luggage
Old plastic battery boxes recycled
Plastic Dana generated from discarded boxes
Dana processed to produceluggage components
Casing trimmer Casing produced Injection Moulding MachineProcessing Dana
Plastic Battery Boxes Recycled into Affordable Luggage
Aluminum channel fitment
Aluminum channel mounted
Nails being inserted
Recycled luggage ready FOR SALE
Products after assembly and testing
Accessories mounted on the luggage boxes
17Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Opportunity : Waste Wealth
Plastic Sacks
Niwar Patti
PET bottle waste Recycled plastic granules
Fiber filling for pillows Rugged floor carpets
Toys for children Filling for mattresses
PLASTICS ARE RECYCLABLEPET BOTTLES are recycled to create
a wide array of utility products
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 18
New Opportunities in Waste Management- Non-conventional Recycling and Recovery
• Co-processing in cement kilns / energy recovery
• Conversion to fuel
• Construction of asphalt road
• Conversion to basic chemical
19Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
Fuel from Waste Plastics
Invention by Indian Scientist Dr. Alka Zadgaonkar
Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 20
Scientific Solution to Plastics Waste Disposal
ACC Plant at Kymore - MP
All types of plastics waste – laminated, mixed and uncleaned, can be co-processed in cement kiln in partial replacement of coal
Calorific Values (MJ / KG) : Plastics ~ 45: Coal ~ 29
21Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
• Plastic Waste allowed to be utilized in road construction in 5 states o Tamil Naduo Karnatakao Maharashtrao Puducherry o Himachal Pradesh
• Plastic Waste allowed to be co-processed in cement kilns in 4 stateso Madhya Pradesho Tamil Naduo Orissao Andhra Pradesh
Utilization of Plastic Waste in Road Construction and Cement Kilns
Indian plastic industry trying to expand the no. of applications for recycled material
Prof. V S Aghase Road Dadar, Mumbai
Country Report: Plastics Industry in India- Issues and Challenges
Thank you
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