2. ppp anatomy of endocrine system.pptx

7/23/2019 2. PPP Anatomy of Endocrine System.pptx

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BMED 3107Integrated Body SystemsIVEndocrine & Reproductive

Systems

Department of Health &

Biomedical Sciences


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Surface Anatomy-EndocrineSystem


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Endocrine Systemomponents

Endocrine system - glands, tissues, and cells that

secrete hormones

Endocrinology the study of this system and thediagnosis and treatment of its disorders

Endocrine glands organs that produce hormones

Hormones - chemical messengers transported by the

bloodstream that stimulate responses in another tissue

or organ, often far away


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Endocrine System

!unctions" Interacts closely with nervous system

Maintain body homeostasis through its

network of glands, which produce, store,and secrete hormones that regulate:

Metabolism

Growth and development

Sleepmood !eproduction

Se"ual function


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Endocrine #rgans

Scattered throughout the body

Pure endocrine organs Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, and

adrenal glands

Organs containing endocrine cells Pancreas, thymus, gonads, and the

hypothalamus

Richly vascularized


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$ypot%aamus

#ery small but importantstructure

'ocation" $orms %oor and walls of &rd

ventricle of brain Superior and anterior to brainstem

Inferior to thalamus and abovepituitary gland

!unction"

'ontrols the endocrine system bycontrolling the pituitary gland

'ontrols the endocrine system tomaintain homeostasis

(emperature regulation, control of

food and water intake


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(ituitary )and

!eferred to as the )Master gland*

+easi-ed gland

.ocation:

/ase of the brain

/eneath the hypothalamus Suspended from hypothalamus by

a stalk 0 1infundibulum2

3ivided into 4 structures: Anterior lobe

1Adenohypophysis2

+osterior lobe15eurohypophysis2


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(ituitary )and


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(ituitary )andomponents*nterior (ituitary Anterior 6 of pituitary

linked tohypothalamus by

hypophyseal portalsystem

+rimary capillaries inhypothalamus

connected to anteriorpituitary

7ypothalamichormones regulateanterior pituitary cells

+osterior 8 of pituitary

5erve cell bodies inhypothalamus pass

down the stalk as(hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)and end in posteriorlobe

7ypothalamic neuronssecrete hormones thatare stored in posteriorpituitary until released

into blood

(osterior (ituitary


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7ypophyseal +ortal System

*Theneurohypophysisis a continuationof the brain


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(ituitary )and

*nterior 'o+e $unction:

Secretes the following:

Melanocyte stimulatinghormone 1MS72

Growth hormone 1G72 Adrenocorticotropic

hormone 1A'(72

+rolactin hormone 1+!.2

(hyroid stimulatinghormone 1(S72

.uteni-ing hormone 1.72

$ollicle stimulatinghormone 1$S72

(osterior 'o+e

$unction: Secrete the following: Antidiuretic hormone

1A372

9"ytocin


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(inea )and

Also referred to as: )+ineal body*

Small, oval structure

.ocation: !oof of diencephalon

Endocrine function:

+inealocytes Secretes melatonin

!egulates circadian rhythm

1sleep and wake cycle2


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,%yroid )and

.ocation: Anteriorly in the neck

Anterolateral to

pharyn"trachea 3ivided into:

!ight and left lobes

/lood supply: Superior and inferior

thyroid arteries

(hyroid ple"us of veins

,% id


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,%yroid)and

!ole in EndocrineSystem: $ollicular cells

Secrete thyroidhormone 1(& and (2

'arries iodine

!egulates basal

metabolic rate

+arafollicular cells Secrete calcitonin

!egulates calciumlevels important for

bone tissue and heart

muscle contraction


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(arat%yroid )and

parathyroid glands Small, %attened, oval shaped

.ocation:

Embedded on the posteriorsurface of thyroid gland

3ivided into: Superior and inferior

parathyroid glands

/lood supply: Inferior thyroid arteries

+arathyroid veins


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(arat%yroid )and

!ole in endocrinesystem: Secrete parathyroid

hormone 7elps increase calciumconcentration in theblood by:

/reaks down bone causingcalcium increase

Absorbs calcium from food

Increases the kidney;sability to hold onto calcium

1that may be lost in urine2


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,%ymus

.ymphoid organ

More prominent ininfants and children

.ocation: lower part of neck and

anterior to superiorportion of mediastinum

+osterior to sternum /lood supply:

Internal thoracicarteries


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,%ymus

!ole in Endocrine System: Secretes the hormone thymosin

Stimulates development and maturation of (lymphocytes

(lymphocytes: group of white blood cells thathelp


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Adrenal

Gland

Half-moon shapeLocation: superior surface of each kidney

Has two primary layers: cortex outer! and medulla inner!"o#ered by a dense "$ capsule that send thin septa to the

interior of the gland as a trabeculae%$he stroma consists mainly of a rich network of reticular fibers

that support the secretory cells%


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*drena )and

!ole in Endocrine System: 'orte" 1outer layer2

$orms the bulk of the gland Secretes the hormones:

'ortisol

Aldosterone

Androgens Medulla 1inner layer2

+art of the sympathetic nervous system 1S5S2

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine


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(ancreas

.ong %attened gland .ocation:

+osterior to thestomach

3ivided into parts: 7ead, neck, body,

and tail

/lood supply: +ancreatic arteries

+ancreatic veins


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(ancreas

Eocrine !unction

+roduce en-ymesimportant

to digestion >hen food enters the

stomach, pancreatic?uices are released intopancreatic duct, whichlater empty into thesmall intestine

7elps the body digestfats

Endocrine !unction

Islets of .angerhans 'lusters of pancreatic cells

Secrete 4 main pancreatichormones:

Insulin

.owers blood sugar

Glucagon

!aises blood sugar

+roper blood sugar levelsis vital to homeostasis ofkey organs in the body

such as the brain, liver,and kidneys@


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Auestion

s

2. ppp anatomy of endocrine system.pptx

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