body system.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
Body System
Respiratory System
• Gas exchange between blodd and and the external
environment
• Exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide takes place within the
lungs in the alveoli
• Produce sound for communication
Nose
Trachea
Epiglottis
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Capillaries
Cell
• Cavity is lined with respiratory mucosaMoistens airTraps incoming foreign particles
Nose
Trachea • Main tube that connect nose, mouth and lungs
Epiglottis • Flap that covers the entrance to the trachea
Lungs • Main organ of the respiratory system
Bronchi • Two tubes inside the lung that air passes through bronchioles
Bronchioles • Small branching out tubes divided into alveoli
Alveoli• Tiny air sacs that do the oxygen and the exhale of carbon
dioxide
Capillaries• Blood vessels that are imbedded in the walls of the alveoli. • Discharge carbon dioxide into the alveoli and takes up
oxygen from the air in the alveoli
Interesting Facts
About half of a liter of water per day is lost through breathing.
Your right lung is larger than your left
People under 30 take in double the amount of oxygen in compare to
someone who is 80 years old.
Digestive System Digestion is the process that breaks down complex food substances
into simpler and soluble molecule that can absorb by the bodyFood digestion takes place in mouth, stomach and small intestine2 types of digestion Physical digestion – during chewing the larger pieces of food is
breaking up into smaller pieces.Chemical digestion – involve enzymes to break down complex food
molecule into simple soluble molecule.
• Site : Mouth• Digestive glands: Salivary gland• Enzyme: Salivary Amylase• Products of digestion : Carbohydrates
Starch + water Maltose
• Site : Stomach• Digestive glands: Gastric gland• Digestive juice : Gastric juice• Content: HCL, Pepsin and Rennin• Products of digestion : Protein
Protein + water Polypeptides
Caseinogen + water Casein
Digestive Organ Digestive Juice Enzyme Substrates and Products
Liver Bile, bile salts None Emulsification of lipid
Pancreas Pancreatic Juice Pancreatic amylase Carbohydrates
Trypsin Protein
Lipase Lipid
Site of Digestion : Duodenum, Small Intestine
Urinary System
• Water control and nitrogen disposal
Homeostasis
• The urinary system maintains homeostasis in several ways:• Removal of urea (nitrogenous waste) from the bloodstream.• Control of water and salt balance in the bloodstream.• Involved in blood pressure regulation.
The kidneys produce two important hormones. What do they control?
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%1. Blood pressure and
volume2. Blood clotting3. Blood sugar4. Blood oxygen
Urinary system anatomy
• Main structures of the urinary system:• kidneys• ureters• bladder• urethra
Anatomy of the Kidney
• Main structures of the mammalian kidney:• renal cortex• renal medula• renal pelvis• nephrons
Anatomy of the Nephron
• Glomerulus• Proximal tubule• Loop of Henle• Distal tubule
Which of these happens during filtration?
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%1. Salt is actively pumped out.
2. Water is removed osmotically from the filtrate.
3. Plasma moves from capillaries into the capsule.
4. Toxins are actively removed from plasma.
Endocrine System
Your endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce
hormones that regulate your body's growth, metabolism, and
sexual development and function. The hormones are released
into the bloodstream and transported to tissues and organs
throughout your body. The Table below the illustration describes
the function of these glands.
Glands FuntionAdrenal glands Divided into 2 regions; secrete hormones that influence the body's
metabolism, blood chemicals, and body characteristics, as well as influence the part of the nervous system that is involved in the response and defense against stress.
Hypothalamus Activates and controls the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions, the hormonal system, and many body functions, such as regulating sleep and stimulating appetite.
Ovaries and testicles Secrete hormones that influence female and male characteristics, respectively.
Pancreas Secretes a hormone (insulin) that controls the use of glucose by the body.
Parathyroid glands Secrete a hormone that maintains the calcium level in the blood.
Pituitary gland Produces a number of different hormones that influence various other endocrine glands
Thyroid gland Produces hormones that stimulate body heat production, bone growth, and the body's metabolism.
Thymus gland Plays a role in the body's immune system