2nd Semester EOCA Review

China, Greece, Rome

Ancient China

• Name two examples of religious practices1. Reading oracle bones2. Bronze ritual vessels

Chinese Writing

• Characters represent whole word• Developed from pictographs• Began from use of Oracle Bones

Qin Shi Huangdi

• Best known for:1. building the Great Wall of China2. tomb of terra cotta clay soldiers3. believed in afterlife4. standardization of weights and measurements.

Chinese Peasants

• Duties:1. farming noble’s land2. serving in the noble’s army3. honoring the king

Geography of China

• Mountains and Rivers caused:1. separation of different groups of people2. different dialects of language spoken

Daoism

• Living in harmony with the guiding force• Balance of opposites

Mandate of Heaven

• Heavens decide King’s rule over China• Rulers must show virtues to be rulers

Confucianism

• Lead by example• Respect the elderly• Morals and Ethics

Legalism

• People were bad by nature and would be receive punishment orreward.• Needed to be controlled

Silk Road

• 4,000 mile long road• used to trade goods-especially silk• Buddhism came to China from India

Buddhism

• Religion came from India

Vocabulary

Bureaucracy- Officials appointed to do specific jobs

Filial Piety-respect parents and rulers

Legalism-Obey out of fear, not respect

Mandate of Heaven-follow rulers who show virtues

Chinese Writing-all the characters represent the whole word

Greece-Vocabularyacropolis-fortress on top of a hillSparta-strict government with strong militarydemocracy-form of government which people ruleGreek mythology-stories of Greek gods,

goddesses and heroes.peninsula-narrow piece of land extending into a

body of water.Phoenician alphabet-borrowed from the GreeksOligarchy-rich aristocrats(aristocracy), only a few

rule

Aesop

• wrote fables• used animals in his stories• ended with a moral or lesson

Cleisthenes

• Father of Democracy• Voting by show of hands• Everyone could participate• Gathered outdoors

Zeus

• King of the Gods

Athena

Daughter of ZeusGoddess of WisdomPatron god of Athens

Sparta

• Strict government• Strong military• Worked with citizens from Athens and other Greek city-states to defeat the Persians• Women owned property, heads of house• Both men and women had physical training

Greek Philosophers

• Socrates• Plato• Aristotle

Greece city-states

religionalphabetOlympics

Pericles

Under his rule of democracy:Right to vote in assemblyfather of the Golden Agepaid jurors a salary

Greek Philosophers

3 famous philosophers:AristotlePlatoSocrates

Minoans of Crete

Characteristics:large palaces(Knossos)artistic stylespottery designswritingpeacefulMycenaeans borrowed many of these ideasGreat shipbuilders

Geography

Tall, rugged mountains made trade difficultShallow riversSeparated city-statesStayed independent from each other

City-states

IndependentSimilar religionSimilar cultureShared Greek Olympics

Alexander the Great

Son of Philip IIGoal to rule the known worldDied at age 32Slept with a dagger

Persians

Invaded GreeceSparta, Athens, and other city-states joined

together to defeat PersiansRunner ran from Marathon to Athens to report

good news

Mycenaeans

• Took over Island of Crete• Minoan society gone

Rome

Roman Republic wealthy Romans elected officials that

represented citizens

Italy is shaped like a boot.

Julius Caesar

Dictatorchanging calendarmurdered by own senators

Punic Wars

• Fiercest of all wars• Fought between Rome and Carthage• Wars lasted almost 20 years• Rome took control over Sicily

Romulus and Remus

• put in basket on Tiber River• rescued and raised by wolf• built city on Tiber River where saved by wolf• Romulus killed brother due to mocking• Named city after himself: Rome

Augustus

• Pax Romana spread across the Roman Empire

Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman peace") was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.

Roman Religion

• associated with Greek religion

Decline of Western Roman Empire

• Political decline• Corruption-threats and bribery• Leadership no longer effective• Invasions by Huns-barbarians

Jesus

• Romans were suspicious of him• Thought he would challenge authority and

take over the empire

Constantine

• Became a Christian in early 300’s• Christians met in secret• Removed bans on religion• Christianity became Rome’s official religion

Constantinople• Formerly called Byzantium• capital of the Roman Empire