2. atelectasia pulmonar
TRANSCRIPT
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ATELECTASIA PULMONARATELECTASIA PULMONAR
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Dr. Juan F. Salcedo Brand
MEDICO RADIOLOGOHOSP. UNIVERSIDAD DEL
NORTE
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DEFINICIÓNDEFINICIÓN
• Griego ateles: incompleto
ektasis: dilatación• Disminución en la cantidad de aire +
volumen pulmonar disminuido
• Pérdida de volumen
• “ Colapso pulmonar”
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TIPOS DE ATELECTASIA
• Atelectasia de reabsorción
• Atelectasia pasiva• Atelectasia adhesiva
• Atelectasia de cicatrización
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• Reabsorción de gas desde los alvéolos
• Comunicación obstruida entre el alvéolo y la traquea
• En un lóbulo obstruido, el aire desaparece en 18 a 24 horas
• Obstrucción bronquial aguda
ATELECTASIA DE REABSORCIÓN
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ATELECTASIA DE REABSORCIÓN
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VENTILACIÓN COLATERAL
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ATELECTASIA OBSTRUCTIVA ATELECTASIA PASIVA
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ATELECTASIA ADHESIVA
Colapso pulmonar con vías aéreas permeables
Membrana hialina : deficiencia de surfactante
Atelectasia post-operatoria
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ATELECTASIA DE CICATRIZACIÓN
Fibrosis
Aumento del colágeno
Disminuye la cantidad de aire
Aumento en la densidad radiológica
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ATELECTASIA DE CICATRIZACIÓN
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ANATOMÍA
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CONSIDERACIONES ANATÓMICAS
• Cisura mayor izquierda disposición más vertical
• Cisura mayor derecha termina 4 costilla • Cisura mayor izquierda termina 3
costilla
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ANATOMÍA
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ANATOMÍA
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SIGNOS RADIOLÓGICOS DE ATELECTASIA
SIGNOS DIRECTOS
• Desplazamiento de cisuras interlobares
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SIGNOS RADIOLÓGICOS DE ATELECTASIA
SIGNOS INDIRECTOS• Aumento de la densidad• Elevación del hemidiafragma• Desplazamiento de hilio• Desplazamiento del mediastino
• Hiperinsuflación compensatoria• Aproximación de las costillas• Ausencia de broncograma aéreo
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PATRONES DE ATELECTASIA LOBAR Y SEGMENTARIA
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ATELECTASIA PULMONAR TOTAL
Opacidad del hemitórax
• Elevación del hemidiafragma • Desviación completa del mediastino
• Sobreinsuflación que pasa la línea media
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ATELECTASIA PULMONAR TOTAL
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ATELECTASIA PULMONAR TOTAL
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ATELECTASIA PULMONAR TOTAL
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO SUPERIOR DERECHO
• Aproximación de cisura menor y mitad superior de la cisura mayor
• Cisura menor configuración cóncava hacia abajo.
• Ensanchamiento del mediastino superior en proyección PA
• Cuña mediastínica en la proyección lateral
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO SUPERIOR DERECHO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO SUPERIOR IZQUIERDO
• Origen del bronquio hipoarterial
• Ausencia de cisura menor
• Ramificación bronquial diferente• Expansión LII
• Elevación y pobre definición hilio izquierdo
• Desplazamiento cisura mayor
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO SUPERIOR IZQUIERDO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO SUPERIOR IZQUIERDO
• Desplazamiento cisura mayor adelante, paralelo a la pared torácica
• Opacidad lineal ancha, paralela a la pared anterior
• TAC apariencia triangular con punta hacia la superficie anterior del tórax
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO SUPERIOR IZQUIERDO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO MEDIO
• Lateral
• Opacidad lineal ensanchada orientación horizontal , oblicua ó paralela a la cisura mayor
• PA No aumento en densidad.
• Obliteración borde cardiaco derecho
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO MEDIO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO MEDIO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULOS INFERIORES
• Bronquio lobar desplazado posterior y medialmente
• Arteria pulmonar no es visible no hay interfase
• Lateral: sombra triangular posterior al surco costofrénico
• Porción anterior es cóncava
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULOS INFERIORES
• La mayor densidad representa pulmón colapsado debajo de un lóbulo medio y superior expandidos
• Caso extremo Franja en posición paravertebral
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO INFERIOR DERECHO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO INFERIOR DERECHO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO INFERIOR IZQUIERDO
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ATELECTASIA LÓBULO INFERIOR IZQUIERDO
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MUCHAS GRACIAS !!!