1.#the#answer#is#b.##sensory# adaptaon#explains#why#we#...

•  1. the answer is B. Sensory adapta3on explains why we can’t feel our underwear most of the 3me, and why smells seem to decrease over 3me.

•  2. A. experimental – in a lab B. cogni3ve – how we think

•  C. developmental – how we develop •  D. social – how we interact with other people •  E. clinical – in a clinic or hospital

•  3. The answer is A. It helps people diagnose and classify disorders.

•  4. The answer is E. Post = aLer trauma3c = trauma3c. PTSD is common with war veterans but it also happens with other horrific events.

•  5. The answer is D. Humanists emphasize free will, self actualization, finding yourself, choosing your own path. Humanists – hippies.

•  6. Remember this? •  The answer is A. selec3ve aSen3on (similar to the cocktail party effect).

•  7. A. s3mulus discrimina3on is when you know the difference.

•  B. second order condi3oning is when you train a dog to drool to a bell, then the dog associates light with the bell then drools to

•  C. Just like LiSle Albert, you generalize your associa3on to similar things.

•  8. A. Longitudinal studies take a long long long 3me (like decades). They measure how things change over 3me.

•  B. ???? •  C. cross sec'onal studies study different sec3ons of the popula3on (different ages, class levels, race).

•  D. Case studies study something in depth •  E. Observa3onal – observe and take notes

•  9. The answer is C. People who do things for the love of it are intrinsically mo3vated.

•  Intrinsic – inside (the heart)

•  10. The answer is D. (seeing a camouflaged bug)

•  11. E. A dog drooling to a bell but not a gong.

•  12. C (racial)

•  This 3ger apparently doesn’t discriminate!

•  13. D When deciding if a behavior is abnormal, gender is not a considera3on.

•  14. Read this one a couple of 3mes. If twins are reared apart then their environment is different. Since IQ scores have a lower correla3on when reared apart, then environment is important. The answer is B.

•  15. A. standardiza3on means it was given the same way to different people and the answers form a bell curve.

•  B. ?? •  C. ?? •  D. validity means tests what it is supposed to. •  E. reliability means the results are the same again and again.

•  16. The answer is A. Electricity will travel to both sides of the brain but always originate on one side. So they cut it.

•  17. The answer is C. matura3on. Biologically, she is growing up.

•  18. A. Cogni3ve = thinking. The psychologist is trying to change Wade’s behavior, not his thinking.

•  B. Biological – give Wade medicine or surgery •  C. Psychodynamic – probe Wade’s unconscious mind through dream analysis or transference

•  D. Humanis3c – help Wade remove barriers to self actualiza3on or find himself

•  E. Behavioral therapy involves reinforcements and punishments to change a behavior.

•  19. a. RET therapy is a technique that challenges a person’s irra3onal thoughts, so it’s very confronta3onal!

•  C. aversive condi3oning-‐ might involve shocking one’s tes3cles every 3me something is done or thought (classical cond.)

•  D. person-‐centered usually means the client does most of the talking.

•  E. systema3c desensitazion involves gradually exposing someone to their source of fear or anxiety.

•  20. Think op3cal – occipital •  So rule out C, D, and E since they don’t have it. •  Hearing goes to the temporal lobe (think ears are near the temple)

•  The answer is B.

•  21. The answer is c.

•  22. Pick the answer that is closest to 24 hours. •  Circa means about dian means day •  Circadian rhythms are your day/night cycles. •  The answer is A.

•  23. The answer is B. 10

•  24. a. behavior – behavioral therapy •  B. reach full poten3al – self actualiza3on – humanis3c therapy

•  C. alter thought processes – cogni3ve therapy •  D. the answer •  E. get rid of irra3onal thoughts – cogni3ve (RET)

•  25. The answer is D. If the mean is 70, and the standard devia3on is 10, How many test takers scored above 60? 60 is 1 standard devia3on below the mean.

•  If you are going to guess, will your answer be more or less than 50?

•  26. Salt and bananas! •  The answer is B.

•  27. What is another word for “rela3onship”? •  A. correla3on

•  28. Hippocampus – hippos aSend college campus to remember. The answer is B.

•  29. B semicircular canals

•  30. A. cocaine is a s3mulant •  B. marijuana is a hallucinogen •  C. dopamine is a neurotransmiSer •  D. alcohol is the answer •  E. nico3ne is not a depressant

•  31. E. Only an experiment can establish cause and effect.

•  32. C

•  33. A. a “reflex to the bell” what does that mean?

•  B. huh?? •  C. C is the best answer

•  34.The Stanford-‐Binet test is the actual name for what we call the IQ test.

•  The answer is A.

•  35. A. and E. Rewards are beSer for extrinsically mo3vated musicians

•  B. If the musician is achievement mo3vated, then the piece can’t be too hard. ALer all, they s3ll want to achieve.

•  C. If achievement is important, then easy pieces aren’t likely

•  D. Prac3ce is fun for the intrinsically mo3vated. The difficulty can’t be too hard for the achievement mo3vated.

•  36. diffusion means spread. The answer is C.

•  37. The answer is A. Confirma3on bias is when we only no3ce things that confirm our already held beliefs.

•  29 out of 30 recalled Chair, desk, and walls

•  Only 8 subjects recalled it had a skull

•  9 subjects recalled it had books which it did not

•  Memory for loca3on is influenced by the person’s schema for that loca3on.

38. A schema is a set of expectations, a mental construct, that we have about something. 30 people were asked about this office picture below. Click for results of survey.

•  39. The answer is C. If you catch a virus, then eat at a Mexican food restaurant, throw up, then you will NOT want to eat at that restaurant, even if you know that’s not where you got the virus. That’s the Garcia effect.

•  The answer is C.

•  40. C C C C Cones C C C C C Color •  Rods – black and white light. •  The answer is A.

•  41. Which answer deals with excitability and personality? The answer is D.

42. Her behavior is an example of what? A.  Classical condi3oning deals with reflex-‐like

responses. Like a dog drooling to a bell. B.  She’s not recovering anything C.  No. that’s like LiSle Albert fearing all white

furry things D.  ?? E.  Observa3onal learning (like the Bobo doll

experiment)

•  43. E.

•  44. The answer is B. A client will “project” their personality onto the therapist.

•  45. E. Behaviorism. Watson was famous for the LiSle Albert experiment when he classically condi3oned a baby to fear a white rat (and generalized that fear to all white furry things).

•  46. What is the brain made of? What are nerves made of?

•  The answer is B. neuron

•  47. If you give an 11-‐year-‐old non-‐alcoholic beer, he’ll start ac3ng drunk because he expects the alcohol to make him feel that way.

•  The answer is A. expecta3ons.

•  48. B. Which answer deals with an individual conforming to the group? B.

•  49.A. No. That’s behaviorism •  B. Although Abraham Maslow talked about peak experiences, he said that not all people have them. No.

•  C. based on the ideas of uncondi3onal posi3ve regard, even mass murderers are good inside.

•  D. Humanists are more posi3ve than that! •  E. Nah, they valued free will more than that.

•  50. Remember, the brain evolved from the boSom to the top. The boSom of the brain deals with basic life support. So, what is at the very top of the brain??

•  C. The cerebral cortex, the source of conscious thought. The outer wrinkly part of the brain where the lobes are.

•  51. A. Simple failure to encode •  B. reconstruc3on errors aLer the event •  C. the inability to form NEW memories is called antereograde amnesia

•  D. state – dependent memory •  E. answer

•  52. a. fixa3on is a freudian term for being stuck in a psychosexual stage of development

•  B. hallucina3on is when you see or hear things that are not there.

•  C. illusion is a disor3on of the senses •  D. An eide3c image is formed if you can s3ll see, at least in

some degree of detail, an "image" of the original s3mulus (picture) aLer it has been removed. The image will appear to "linger" on the original surface it was seen, something like an aLer-‐image (except in the original color). A true eide3c image can literally be "seen" by the subject un3l it fades. Some3mes eide3c images can be recalled at will without significant fading.

•  E. phobia is an uncontrollable fear of something, not a hallucina3on. The individual may have a phobia but s/he is not “experiencing” it in this ques3on.

•  53. The answer is C. •  There is something called ins3nc3ve driL. One 3me psychologists tried to train raccoons to deposit coins in a slot. However, they ALWAYS wanted to rub 2 coins together and “wash” them like they wash food in a stream.

•  54. A. Schizophrenia is associated with an abundance of dopamine, hallucina3ons and Enlarged, fluid-‐filled areas in the brain.

•  55. A. ntm imbalance is the biological perspec3ve

•  B. thoughts – cogni3ve perspec3ve •  C. biopsychosocial perspec3ve •  D. psychoanalysis focuses on unconscious, unresolved conflicts from childhood.

•  56. A. hippocampus -‐ memory •  B. Hypothalamus (remember the 4 F’s) •  C. Thalamus – relay sta3on •  D. Pons – facial expressions, basic biological processes

•  E. medulla – heart beat, blood pressure

•  57. a. Fixa3on – being stuck in a psychosexual stage

•  B. repression – mo3vated forgepng •  C. regression – ac3ng immature in 3mes of strss

•  D. sublima3on – doing something posi3ve with your “faults”

•  E. reac3on forma3on – ac3ng the opposite of how you truly feel

•  58. C. behavioral (ALer all, the ques3on is asking about behaviors)

•  Maladap3ve behaviors, like overea3ng, can be reinforced or learned through observa3on just like any other behavior.

•  59. B. systema3c (gradual) desensi3za3on •  The picture is virtual reality exposure therapy.

•  60. D. Set point •  This is from the mo3va3on chapter. It theorizes that our body gets comfortable at a certain weight and is resistant to change.

•  61. This prompt deals with Ainsworth’s studies on aSachment styles. She described the secure aSachment, avoidant, and the answer, C. resistant or ambivalent aSachment style

•  62. The answer is D. The s3mulus causes your autonomic nervous system to react and you cogni3vely assess the s3mulus. Is your mom driving crazy or is it fun????

•  63. Standard devia3on is how far apart are the numbers away from each other. How much do they deviate from each other.


•  64. Soma = body somataform disorders are the brain leading to some sensa3on of the body. Example: phantom pregnancy.

•  The answer is A. •  She is not pregnant, but feels like she is

•  65. D. Classical condi3oning – associa3ve learning

•  When a person or animal creates an automa3c associa3on between 2 things without reinforcements, that is classical condi3oning (like Pavlov training a dog to drool to a bell)

•  66. D. Early behaviorists were uber-‐scien3sts who took things a bit too far. They said we should only study observable behavior like a pigeon pecking on a disk.

•  67. C. Deindividua3on (not an individual for the moment). They riot because they get swept up by the crowd.

•  68. B. Humanists were the pioneers of group therapy. It makes sense since they are into client-‐centered therapy. In a group, the therapist doesn’t dominate the conversa3on.

•  69. A. General adapta3on syndrome

•  70. Reliability means you get the same results again and again, even if the test is crap.

•  A. no because it needs to be the same test •  B. that’s predic3ve validity •  C. needs to be the same people •  D. there needs to be some sort of retake •  E. This is the best answer, even though it’s 2 versions of the same test

•  71. D. Heuris3cs are mental shortcuts •  Use a heuris3c to unscramble this word:

EQEUN Using a heuris3c you might put the q and the u together.

Using an algorithm, you would try all 1000 leSer combina3ons un3l you get it.

•  72. B. the JND deals with no3cing the difference between 2 similar things

•  E. absolute threshold is the answer.

•  73. A. seman3c – the meaning of words •  B. episodic – an “episode” of your life (that 3me you farted in class)

•  C. priming – hints •  D. procedural – “procedures” like playing a piano, walking

•  74. The answer is B. Serotonin deals with depression.

•  75. When people work in large groups (like in a tug of war game), the individual does not work as hard. This is called social loafing. The answer is C.

•  76. B. Biological – deals with the physical body (brain, hormones, neurotransmiSers)

•  77. The answer is D. You “know” the answer but just can’t access it for some reason.

•  78. B.Token economy is when you use posi3ve reinforcement with a large group of people like elementary schools or classrooms or mental wards. (Pizza party if everyone passes the test)

•  79. Think how old does a child need to be before s/he understands that water conserves its mass even if it’s poured into a taller beaker.


•  80. Dissonance = discomfort •  cogni3ve = thinking •  We experience cogni3ve dissonance (discomfort) when our behavior doesn’t match our aptudes. The answer is B.

•  81. For the evolu3onary perspec3ve, always look for words and phrases like “adap3ve” “survival of the fiSest” “evolu3on” Darwin


•  82. D. Signal detec3on theory says we are more likely to hear something if we expect to hear something.

•  83. The answer is D. Intensity

•  84. Just think, which one comes first? Especially, which comes last???

•  The answer is E.

•  85. Cogni3ve therapy is about changing maladap3ve thoughts. He would challenge irra3onal thoughts that would stress or depress the clients. (He’s where Dr. Phil got a lot of inspira3on.)

•  86. a. Decay is a gradual forgepng over a long period of 3me

•  B. amnesia is brought on by some sort of trauma •  C. no reconstruc3on error in remembering the number 9

•  PORN •  Proac3ve-‐Old info gets in the way of new •  Retroac3ve-‐New info gets in the way of old •  The answer is D because channel 16 is making her forget channel 9.

•  87. E.The self serving bias is when we aSribute our successes to internal (disposi3onal) causes such as our hard work and intelligence. . . While we aSribute our failures to external causes (the teacher was a jerk; the test was too hard).

•  88. Just rule out all the BAD things. •  The answer is E.

•  89. First, an3social does NOT mean introverted. It means one does not have a conscience (like a serial killer).

•  The answer is D. •  E. that’s narcissism

•  90. Psychoanalysts use projec3ve personality tests, meaning they seek to access your unconscious mind by how you interpret pictures or fill in blanks.

•  The MMPI is a self-‐report test, even more respected than the Myers-‐Briggs.


91. The answer is D. Acetylcholine •  Its function is motor movement

and maybe memory.

To much and you will….

Not enough and you will….

Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

•  92. The psychoanaly3c perspec3ve focuses on unconscious desires and conflicts.


•  93. Self report tests (like the MMPI and the Myers-‐Briggs and the Big Five) are trait tests. The trait approach to psychology says our personality is based on the sum of our traits (such as introversion, openness)


•  94. When we commit the FAE, we overes3mate disposi3onal (internal) factors and we underes3mate situa3onal factors.


•  95. I feel Starbucky today. Language is crea3ve. If we had a language acquisi3on device, then we couldn’t be so crea3ve.


•  96. What are we doing to the subjects to study this? The answer is C

•  97. What are we measuring? The answer is B.

•  98. C. (same as 96.) (the independent variables)

•  99. Stage 2 has sleep spindles. (A)

•  The sleep cycle has changed. I’m not sure this ques3on is valid.

•  100. C. Social – people facil – easy •  Some3mes, athletes and musicians play beSer on game day in front of people than at prac3ce.

•  (The Yerkes-‐Dodson law supports this as well!)

1.#the#answer#is#b.##sensory# adaptaon#explains#why#we#...

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