CHEM100: Introduction to College Chemistry

Orbitals

Dr. Aleksey KocherzhenkoFall 2018

Atomic structureNucleus

NeutronProton

Electron

Ø  It is impossible to know where exactly electrons in an atom are located at any given moment in time and how exactly they move

Werner Heisenberg

Ø  Orbital – region of space inside atom where an electron is likely to be found; map that shows the probability of the electron being at each point inside the atom

Wolfgang PauliØ  No more than two electrons can reside in any orbital

Orbital shapes

s -orbital

p -orbitals

d -orbitals

f -orbitals

Subshells and shells

1s

2s

3s

4s

5s

6s

7s

2p

3p

4p

5p

6p

7p

3d

4d

5d

6d

7d

4f

5f

6f

7f

Incr

easi

ng s

ize

Incr

easi

ng e

nerg

y

Increasing energy

Principal quantum number (indicates shell)

Letter indicates subshell

1st shell

2nd shell

3rd shell

4th shell

5th shell

6th shell

7th shell

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 6p 7s 4f …

Increasing energy

Terminology

ü Orbital

ü  Subshell

ü  Shell

ü  Principal quantum number