19th & 20th Century: France

Michael Chan-Pong

World War I

• World War I began July 28, 1914– France pulled in by

Russian alliance

• Germans plan to sweep through France similarly to the Franco-Prussian War in order to take Russia on the East– Schlieffen Plan

World War I

• Major front: Western Front• Between France and Germany• Germans penetrate British

(Allied) defenses– Become 50 miles from Paris

• U.S. turn the tides at Battle of Château-Thierry

• November 11, 1918: Armistice signed

• Treaty of Versailles– France got its beloved Alsace-

Lorraine back– Germany severely punished– Guilt clause

World War I

• World War I used new weaponry

• 1.375 million dead– #3

• 8.4 million wounded– #4

• 4.266 million wounded– #2

• 537,000 missing/POW– #5

• Lost generation

World War II

• May 10, 1940: Germany launches invasion of France

• 4 days later: Germans pass through French lines

• June 14: French capital invaded

• June 22: Armistice signed• June 25: Armistice takes

effect– France divided into two zones

• 2/3: German-occupied• 1/3: Still French, led by Vichy

government

World War II

World War II

• November 8, 1942: Allies invade North Africa, Germany and Italy quickly occupy the rest of France

• June 6, 1944: France liberation begins– Operation Overlord/Battle

of Normandy• Operation Neptune/D-Day

• August 25, 1944: Paris liberated

World War II

• Effects– Damages• Financial• Military• Psychological• Political

– Losing colonies• Resist for a while

Post-War Era

• Self-determinism– Idea proposed by

Woodrow Wilson, became more possible after World War II

– Lebanon released from France• France recognized

independence November 22, 1943

– Algeria became independent of France• Goes down in war

Post-War Era

• Founder member of NATO• Fourth Republic

established under new constitution– Economic growth– Lost control of Indochina– Algeria

• 1958: Fourth Republic unstable, constitution for Fifth Republic established– Current

• First World

1990s

• Early 1990s: Criticized for underground nuclear testing in French Polynesia

• 1992: Hosts Albertville Winter Cup• Late 1990s: Recovering from an economic

recession• 1998: Hosts FIFA World Cup• January 1, 1999: Switch to Euros– No more Franc

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<http://www.history.co.uk/explore-history/ww2/fall-of-france/backgroundImage/thefalloffrance_skin.jpg>.

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