©1996 american cyanamid company - florida...

copy1996 American Cyanamid Company

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American qwmamid 1~ltriculruml Pnxlucc Dimiddotzision 8pecialt)bull Pnxhuc Dc7xtrtnunr

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THI WOIILO NIIOS -

PO Box 60005

Fort Myers FL 33906 151 91 Homestead Rd

Lehigh FL 33971

Editor-in-chief Dennis Moore Fort Myers FL voice 941-694-2174 fax 941-693-5011

Managing Ed itor Charlie Morris Vero Beach FL 561-778-7204 (voice or fa x)

Associa te Editors Joh n Ga mble New Smyrna Beach FL Mary Peery Vero Beach FL

Graphics Charlie Morris Vero Beach FL Bonnie Pattok Vero Beach FL Alan Curtis Vero Beach FL

Column Editors Chemline - Doug Wassmer Od essa FL Chip Cha t- Thomas Floore Panama City FL Crankcase Eddie - Ed Meehan Mound MN Fly Whee ls - James Robi nson Odessa FL Going Pub]jc - Kellie Etherson Ga inesvill e FL Natures Way- Eric Schreiber Panama City FL Vector Bearings - Donald Shroyer Vero Beach FL

Regiona l Editors Massachusetts- Timot hy D Deschamps Norwood Minnesota- Susa n Pa lchick St Pau l New Jersey - Willi am C Rein ert Northfield Oregon- Pe ter DeChant Portland Texas- Dan Sprenger Corpus Chris ti Utah - Glen n Coli ell Sa lt Lake City

Editoria l Review Board Alan Curtis Vera Beach FL David Dame Gainesvill e FL Gerry Hutn ey Tampa FL L Philip Lounibos Vera Beach FL

Florida Mosquito Control Association Elisabeth Beck Executive Director PO Box 11 867 Jacksonv ill e FL 32239 vo ice 904-743 -4482 fax 904-743-6879

FMCA 1995-1996 Board of Directors Presiden t

W Gene Baker Tal lahassee FL Pres ident-elect

G Alau Curt is Vero Beach FL Vice-President

David Dame Ga in esville FL Immediate Past President

Robert Ward Safety Harbor FL Northwest Regional Representati ve

Joseph P Ruff Panama City FL Northeast Regional Represe ntative

Richard Smith Jacksonville FL Southwest Regional Representative

WiJi am R Opp Fort Myers FL Sout heast Regional Representative

Gregory Scott Key West FL

of the Florida Mosquito Control Association Volume 7 Number 3 Falll996

Chemline Calibrating Liquid Larvicide Application Equipment _ ___ _ 7 by Deulaquoj UI~ ~ 1lt~ amp fk4 Wtdt

Source Reduction Issues and Progress in Florida Mosquito Controls Efforts to Manage Environmentally Sensitive Habitats _ __ _ ____ _ ______ ______ _ _ __ _ _ _ 8

by Deulaquoj ~- Petett () middot~~ amp fk9e 1lt~ PfV

Program Profiles FMCA Long on Short Courses 10 by~~ Pf V

Pest Asides A Bite of Literature ________ 14 by ~iff ~etut

Emerging Events + ____ ____ ___ 17

Feature Pyrethroid Stewardship Workshop 19 by tJ Afeut ~tu

Biosynopsis The Western Treehole Mosqwito Aedes sierrensis -middot--middotmiddot---- middot-middot--middot- --- _____ 20 byPetettDe~

Field Forum Equipment Transfer System ------- 21 by flite Ko~

UtHt Se4t6 Published qua rterly by the Florida Mosquito Control Association This magazine is intended to keep all

interested parti es informed on matters as they re late to mosqu ito control particularly in the United States All rights reserved Reproduction in whole or par t for educational purposes is permitted without permission with proper c itation The Florida Mosq uito Contro l Association has not tes ted an y of the products advertised or referred to in this publication nor has it verifi ed any of the stat emen ts made in any of the advertisem ents or articles The FMCA does not warrant express ly or implied the fitn ess of any product advert ised or the sui tability of any advice or statements conta ined herein Opinions ex pressed in this publica tion are not necessar il y the opinions or policies of the Florida Mosquito Control Association

Subscriptions Ut Set is sent free of charge to anyone within the con tinenta l United States Subscriptions are

available for the cost of first class postage to any foreign address at the following rates Europe UK and Aust ralia US$20 Can ada US$6 Sou th Ameri ca US$10 Make checks and purchase orders payable to the Florida Mosquito Con tro l Association and send to FMCA PO Box 11867 JacksonviJe FL 32239

Correspondence Address all correspondence regarding~- Se4t6 to the Editor-in-Chief Dennis Moore PO Box

60005 Fort Myers FL 33906 Readers are invited to submit art icles related to mosquito and bi ting fl y biology and control or letters to the Editors to the Editor-in-Chief There is no charge if your art icle or letter is printed Photographers and artists are in vited to submit color transparenc ies or high quality original artwork for possible use in the magazine or on the cover $100 will be paid for each cover photo Businesses are invited to place advert isements through the Editor-i n-Chief

About the Cover Mosquito Head by Bonnie Pattok Florida Medical Entomo logy Laboratory University of Florida Vero Beach Generated on Co reDraw 5

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By using DIBROM as labeled you wont affect fish wildlife or livestock so its environmentally compatible It can eas1 ly be applied by ground or air and its low application rate gives significantly more coverage per tankload

If youre looking for a solution to largeshyarea mosquito control look to DIBROM Concentrate Make sure they never get off the ground again

DIBROMreg CONCENTRATE Always read and fol low label direc~ons DIBROJmiddotl tS a registered trademark of Valent USA Corpora11on copy1996 Valent USA Corp

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Todays FYFANON ULV is better than ever- 96-98 pure and less acutely toxic than resmethrin permethrin fenthion or naled

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r

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Calibrating Liquid Larvicide Application Equipment

Modern mosquito control operashytions include larviciding in their inteshygrated pest management practices Mosquito larvicides are available in a wide range of types and formulashytions Some are applied directly out of the container some are diluted with water and others are formushylated as granules pellets or brishyquettes

Whatever the formulation and mix proper application is critical to efficiency and effectiveness In a previous article we focused on calishybrating the human larvicide applicashytor to equipment settings using liqshyuid formulations Here we build on those ideas by focusing on the cashypabilities of liquid application equipshyment

Larvicide labels commonly inshyclude only very general guidelines for application techniques or equipshyment selection This latitude allows technical staff to choose a system that works best for their circumshystances These instructions are to apply the pesticide a uniform spray in sufficient water for good coverage After determining what insecticide to use and at what toxishycant application rate we first need to cons ider what total spray volume is needed to get good coverage and yet be within the capabilities of both the equipment and operator We then need to calibrate our equipshyment which includes setting the flow through the nozzle determinshying the effective swath width and setting pace of application Lastly we must standardize the coverage by the applicator which means practice to achieve a uniform swath at a reproducible pace

by DoelaquoJ 31~ pun ~~ amp pad ~) While larviciding at a fixed speed

when applying from a boat or a truck is a conceptually easy task those who work from vehicles will tell you that there is more to it than meets the eye Vehicle speed achieved when spraying ditches of varying width or where there are roadside obstacles like mailboxes signs and culverts may not allow applications at the rates achieved during the calishybration process Equipment may have limitations that require mainshytaining certain minimum flows or may not be capable of producing higher flows at pressures necessary for proper throw Factors to consider are applicable to compression sprayers and high pressure units

Pressures and Flows With High Pressure Sprayers

Knowledge of the flow rate through the spray gun and what facshytors affect it are critical to calibrashytion Several modifications can change the flow rate on power opshyerated hydraulic sprayers The nozzle orifice or disc is the primary determinate of flow rate Changing the pressure will also change the flow but to a much lesser degree and it has other side effects

Typically spray guns have reshyplaceable discs sized to provide flow rates in small steps that cover normal operating ranges Manufacshyturers such as Spraying Systems Co Wheaton Illinois (see table on page 22) will list average values (norshymally for water) to guide in selectshying the proper disc for your applica-

tion Other equipment manufacturshyers have similar disc size ranges

It is a common misconception that increasing pressure will proporshytionally extend the throw of a spray gun While it is macho and feels good to larvicide at tremendous pressures equipment failure costs (seals engines hoses) probably far outweigh any gains from job appreshyciation Changing pressure from 40 psi to 800 psi results in relatively small flow rate (gpm) changes and in much smaller changes in maxishymum throw (see table) This is the case for all disc sizes

For example a 20-fold (2000) pressure increase for a 02 disc yields about a 4-fold (430) flow increase but only a 9 increase in throw On the other hand holding pressure at 100 psi and increasing the orifice size from a 04 to a 06 (which doubles the flow from 094 to 2 gpm) increases the throw 9 feet (about 25) Notice that increasshying either flow or pressure yields diminishing returns at about 45-48 feet where even higher flows and excessive pressures are needed to get out an additional few feet Use the correct disc size for your applishycation and only change the presshysure with the pressure regulator when fine tuning the flow rate

According to Professor Graham A Matthews author of Pesticide Application Methods (ISBN 0-470-21818-5 John Wiley amp Sons) dropshylets below about 70 microns imshypinge on either the upper or undershyside of leaves and other horizontal surfaces Droplets above about 250

Continued on page 16

Fall1996 W~ 2eat4 7

Jssur1s and Progress fn _Fiorida Mosquitomiddot Controls Efforts to Manage

Environmentally Sensitive Habitats-by 1)0laquo9 ~~ ~ tJ middotg~ amp ~ ~~~ f- V Source Reduction _

For the past 20 years a number of issues have revolved around how to best manage Floridas environshymentally sensitive habitats for both mosquito control and natural reshysource considerations Progress in properly addressing these concerns has occurred largely due to 1) fundshying of research to investigate the ecosystem effects of different manshyagement techniques 2) in the case of salt marsh management multishyagency funding for the implemenshytation of Best Management Pracshytices (BIt1P) and 3) cooperation among agencies responsible for natural resources and those manshydated to provide mosquito control

Early 1980s Issues

Beginning in the early 1980s the issues which caused the most concern and conflict between mosshyquito control and natural resource agencies were 1) how to best manshyage salt marsh impoundments and 2) the potential non-target impacts of aerial adulticid ing

Salt Marsh Impoundments

Most early mosquito control agencies in Florida were formed to control the salt-marsh mosquitoes Aedes taeniorhynchus and Ae sollicitans floodwater species which lay their eggs on high marsh soils and which can occur in explosive numbers Both source reduction and aerial adulticiding have been used in many locations to control these species Along Floridas censhytral-east coast source reduction has played a prominent mosquito

8 U~ ampau Fall1996

control role In the 1950s impoundshying became the source middot reduction method of choice Impoundments which were created by constructshying earthen dikes around high marshes al low for the marshes to be artificially flooded thus eliminatshying oviposition sites and economishycally controlling salt-marsh mosshyquito numbers with a minimum of pesticide use

In these impoundments resident fish some of which are larvivorous minnows can be extremely abunshydant These fish can provide an abundant food source for wading birds and other predators Marsh utilization by waterfowl and wading birds is often enhanced by impoundshying Over 40000 acres of salt marshes and mangrove swamps were impounded along the Indian River Lagoon

In addition to these positive benshyefits impounding can also have negative effects on natural reshysources Environmental concerns were that impoundment dikes proshyhibit marsh access to aquatic organshyisms which must use the high marsh during a portion of their life cycle Also excessive or prolonged floodshying of impoundments stressed or killed the indigenous high marsh flora and in some instances signifishycantly altered plant distribution and species composition Vegetational shift from the historically common herbaceous halophytes to barren flats or red mangrove monocultures were of special concern Prolonged flooding can also result in low disshysolved oxygen concentrations and elevated hydrogen sulfide levels which can negatively impact the marsh aquatic communities

Beginning in the early 1980s and continuing today research projects have investigated the effects of varishyous water management regimes on fish and macrocrus-tacean popushylation dynamics vegetation dynamshyics aboveground primary producshytion surface and pore water chemshyistry soil chemistry and composishytion zooplankton and mosquito proshyduction Results from this research have provided valuable scientific data on which to base management decisions and stimulate innovashytions

Currently a wide variety of management techniques that proshyvide multipurpose resource benshyefits are employed at many of the east coast s 192 impoundments and numerous unimpounded marshes These techniques inshyclude the use of Rotational lmshypoundmentManagement (RIM) to seasonally reconnect impoundshyment marshes with the estuary through culverts management variations of RIM to enhance feed-

ing opportunities in impoundments for wading birds overpUmping of some impoundments to improve impounded marsh water quality and shallow ditching using rotary equipment as part of Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) proshygrams

Aerial Adulticiding

In Florida many mosquito conshytrol agencies have used aerial adulticiding - initially thermal fogshyging and more recently ULV appli-


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FMOA long on Short Courses

What to take this year hum Bishyology 101 Computers 225 Adminshyistration 550 Technology 304 Chemistry 260 So many choices No its not for a college degree or a high school equivalency certificate Its a partial list of the 26 courses related to mosquito control that will be offered by the Florida Mosquito Control Association at their annual Glennon Dodd Short Courses durshying the week of January 27 1997

1997 will be the thirteenth year the FMCA has produced what has become the major source of trainshying for 270 to 350 new not-so-new and real veteran employees of mosshyquito control programs inspectorshysprayers entomologists directors administrative support personnel pilots technicians supervisors and on occassion commissioners

The Dodd courses are more than just a week of intensive to 4 day courses that cover topics related to mosquito control using many class formats including workshops lecshytures field work open forums lishycencing sessions group activities team teaching and team learning roll playing laboratory exercises and demonstrations In fact the week-long series of courses are now called the Plenary Dodd Short Courses The addition of Plenary was necessary to distinguish them from the Regional and Specialty Dodd Short Courses newly created to help meet the expanding needs for training in mosquito control Regional Dodd Short Courses proshyvide training opportunities for emshyployees whose employers cannot afford or otherwise restrict out-ofshycounty travel They are usually de-

10 Jf~ tem Fall 1996

signed for field staff particularly exshyperienced inspector-sprayers in a small region of the state Speshycialty Dodd Short Courses are orshyganized for a statewide audience of people interested in advanced ofshyten cutting edge technology

The Plenary Regional and Speshycialty courses are not restricted to FMCA members or Florida proshygrams Courses have been atshytended by professionals from Utah Georgia South Carolina Louisiana Alabama Washington The Turks amp Caicos Islands and elsewhere Bill Kottcamp of St Louis Missouri however holds the record for nonshyFioridians with five straight years of attendance at the Plenary Courses Bill insists that his motiviation for making the annual trek is not toesshycape to Florida in January And who is to doubt him-he pays the tuition and travel out of his own pocket

Teachers Learn and Students Teach

With approximately 300 students one might wonder who does the teaching In a word everyone in many words university professors research scientists educators conshytractors mosquito control employees at all levels state regulators indusshytry representatives and even retirshyees In fact David Dame 8 years into retirement from the USDA is on the Dodd Short Course Subcommitshytee and coordinates courses he also is Chair of the FMCA Finance Comshymittee Vice-President of the FMCA does contract research on mosquit~ control chemicals and I hate to say it his golf game is still better than

mine (Sigh) Instructors as well as students come from both outside and inside Florida

Organization

Presenting 26 courses in a week is a logistic nightmare much worse than organizing an ordinary confershyence There are 6-9 courses in sesshysion on any given day Each may require all the AN equipment norshymally used at a single conference session plus buses for field trips manuals handouts microscopes computers specialty AV equipshyment mosquito control equipment laboratory supplies and equipment special table and chair arrangeshyments in the rooms and more

For the past six years the drivshying force of the Plenary Dodd Short Courses has been Kellie Etherson the Director of the City of Gainesvill~ Florida Mosquito Control program Until recently Kellie took care of


Continued from page 1 0

nearly everything hotel contracts refreshments working with course coordinators bus arrangements and evening academic and social activishyties Imagine working with 26 difshyferent course coordinators who think their course is the only one you have to th1nk about If John Beidler is the Dean of Florida Mosquito Control Kellie is its Queen Long live th~ Queen That is not just a cute exshypression at least not to John Gamble and me As Kellies Coshychairs of the Dodd Plenary Short Courses we know where we would be without her Does anyone know Kavorkians phone number or should I call the morgue Of course there are others on the subcommittee whose help is essential but they serve principally as advisors to Kellie and John Gamble and as course instructors or coordinators

Prior to 1995 the venue for the courses moved each year most often to Daytona Beach Tampa Ocala and Gainesville Recognizing that Kellie was about to call Dr K they are now permanently located

in Gainesville John Gamble the Assistant Director at the East volusia Mosquito Control District in Daytona Beach now works with Plenary course Instructors and coordinators leaving the hotel and local arrange~ ments to Kellie Kim Feagley of Pasco County Mosquito Control Disshytrict in Odessa Florida Chairs the FMCA AN Committee and handles the AN_ for the courses a duty he gets relief from on occasion so he can take a course or two Regional and Sp~cialty courses are hosted by mosqu1to control facilities throughshyout the state The location of the courses depends on the topic and the locations of interested parties 1 earn my co-chair title by coordinatshying these courses

Glennon Dodd- The Inspiration

The courses were named the Glennon Dodd Short Courses in 1991 following the accidental death of then-Assistant Director of the Indian River Mosquito Control Disshytrict in Vera Beach Florida Glen

was the first in Florida to recshyognize the need for formal training for mosquito conshytrol personnel and in 1984 organized six informal courses better described as discussion groups He was the chamshypion of the cause to the end and reshymains its spirit guide

Glennon Dodd 1948- 1991

1997 Courses

The number and subjects of courses changes from year to year ome are offered every year They mclude the 4-day Introduction to Mosquito Control course for new employees and a Mosquito Identifishycation course usually taught by none other than Dick Darsie Other standard courses are offered when needed and new courses are develshyoped each year to meet changing demands Planning for the next years courses starts with a wrapshyup luncheon on Friday of the curshyrent courses The Committee fields id~as and suggestions all year to build a I 1st of courses that satisfy as many needs as possible New courses in 1996 included Risk Comshymunica~ion for Mosquito Control Preserv1ng Adult and Larval Mosquishyto_es Hazardous Materials Dialogue w1th the EPA New Directors Caushycus Desk Top Publishing and Larshyvicides amp Larviciding

The list of tentative courses for _1997 are shown in the accompanyshyIng table on page 12 The dates are January 27-31 and the site is the Gainesville Radisson Tuition is charged by the course and varies from $15 to over $1 00 depending on the costs to put on the course The fee covers all equipment manushyals supplies contract instructor fees and field trip travel costs If you w1sh to receive the 1997 Dodd Pleshynary Short Course Brochure which will be available in Novemb~r mail r fax (no voice calls please we will JUSt ask you to send a hard copy) a request to Charlie Morris University of Florida-FMEL 200 9th Street SE Vera Beach FL 32962 fax 561-778-7204

middot

middot Char(ie Morris is an middot Assdclate middotProfessor middotmiddotof Entomology a(th~ Uni- middot

middot versity_of-Fiorida is Med ~~middotmiddot middot cal entomology tabortt~ middot middot bull to~y i~ Vero Beach middot middot middot _

Fall1996 11~ ampau 11

_ Te~tative Listof Plenary middotDodd ShorfCourses-Janua~y2 31~ t9~ middot

middot- middotCourse_ Title - middot

middot Introduction to Mosquito Control - the Full Co~rse

middotMosquito Ecol_ogyfor the Novice

Mosquit_o Form amp Function for Beginners middot middot

LaNai -Mosquito ldentificati_on to ~enus

Preservfng Larval amp Adult Mos~uitoes middot middot middot middotMosquito middotsurveillance M-ethods- a Primer middot

_middot

middot _Common q_ue~tions about Mosqljito Control -middotthe Book

middot Poisonous Bites amp Sting~

Lunch with the Legenps of World~ Wide Vector Control

Larvicides amp tarviciding - All- You Need to Know

Handling Hazardous Materia_~_- ~ A -Certification

Disaster Preparedness

A Chat with the EPA

Mosquito camiddotntrol Directors Caucu~

ULV Adulticidiri_g Coordinators CaiJcus

Selecting the Proper Mosquitocide amp Applic~tio-n _Method middot

__

Nmiddotumbeto_f days

35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10

-Mosquito Control Calcuiations for the Mathematically Challenged ~

10

10

FMI Pumps

Spray Droplet pynamics amp Analys-is for Non-physicists middot - -

Advamiddotnced App-lied Spray Droplet Analysis middotmiddot -

Dro-plet Analysis Usinmiddotg Video middotcapture middot

middot Introduction to Glob~l Positio-ning Systems (GP$) - middot

10

05

05

05 middot__- middot _amiddotmiddot s middot middot middotmiddot

middotNew Software for Submitting State Reports on Mbq=uitc) middotcontrol middot_ middot 1 ~o middot lntroduct-iontothelnternet - - middot _-middot_middotgtmiddot 1-6

computer Potpourri _- - __ middot middot_- middot middot

=middot_ Certification Eltam~ p~epe1ratiori middotamp_Testing middot

12 UJ~ ~eatlt- Fall 1996

- middotmiddot middot 10

Continued from page 8

cations to control both pest and vecshytors during St Louis encephalitis epishydemics Because of the broadscale nature of aerial spraying it lends itshyself to the potential criticism that non-target organisms are being imshypacted Also in the early 1980s the additional criticism surfaced that in some instances aerial adulticides were not being applied appropriately In particular that aquatic habitats were being unnecessarily sprayed Because of these environmentallyshybased concerns adulticiding beshycame a point of contention between several mosquito control and regushylatory agencies

In the early 1980s research was conducted to establish some of the possible non-target effects of adulticiding These field tests exshyposed the eggs of several fish speshycies and adult copepods to thermal and ULV applied fenthion ULV malathion and ULV naled It demshyonstrated that significant mortality occurred only for copepods exshyposed to fenthion thermal fog in one test and naled ULV in another test In both instances control mortality was high Laboratory tests were also conducted where the results of copepod exposure to thermal fenthion solutions suggested that the

oils rather than the fenthion itself was most responsible for the obshyserved copepod mortality

Today in Florida aerial adulticiding has largely changed from thermal to ULV applications Also mosquito control agencies are increasingly moving toward the use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to better target their aerial applications

Agency Cooperation

Largely because of the aerial adulticiding and impoundment manshyagement controversies in 1981 Governor Bob Graham appointed the Governors Working Group on Mosquito Control to serve as a foshyrum to resolve the above-mentioned issues and to establish a means for accomplishing future cooperation In 1983 the Governors Working Group created the Technical Subshycommittee on Mosquito Impoundshyments In 1986 these two commitshytees were established in the Florida Statutes (Chapter 388) as the Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control (FCCMC) and its Subcommittee on Managed Marshes (SOMM) ThesetiJIfo comshymittees have played vital roles in increasing interaction and cooperashytion among regulatory agencies

Agencies Represented on the F(orca Coor(jinatirg CounCil on bull Mosquito Control andits Siibcoirimittee on McjnagfdMarshes middot

Florida Department of EnvironmentaProtection Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission

National Marine Fisheries Service middotSt Johns River Water M_anagement Distric~

United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Fish and WildlifeService

middot Universityoftlarida FloddaAampMliniversity middot middot middot

United States Qepaitinento~gdculture middot Florida Departmef1t ofAridciiltire amp Con~umpoundJr Servic~s middot middot middot bull

Florida Department o(Health amp Rehabilitative Sei-vices Florkia Mosquito control middot middot EnvirqnmentaGroiips middot middot middot Propertyowneis

mosquito control agencies and reshysearchers leading to an increased professionalism in the state with positive changes having occurred

Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control

The Councils goals are to 1) foster efficient use of resources by minimizing duplication of effort 2) advise and assist arthropod control agencies in implementing best manshyagement practices 3) capitalize on outside research funding sources 4) establish research priorities reshygarding the environmental effects of arthropod control practices and 5) enhance interagency communicashytion

This Council also serves as a mediator in disputes over the control of mosquitoes and other biting arthropods on publicly owned lands The FCCMCs most recent undertaking is the development of a white paper on Floridas mosquito control practices This document is being developed at the request of the US Environmental Protection Agency to characterize the mosquito control practices in place with the goal of identifying ways in which pesticide use might be reduced in the future A completion date of early 1997 is anticipated for this document

Subcommittee on Managed Marshes

SOMMs role includes providing technical review and guidance on salt marsh management plans SOMM has developed guidelines for impoundment and ditching manageshyment plans which are used by mosshyquito control agencies and private firms when developing marsh manshyagement plans Important manageshyment objectives include 1) effective


Fall 19 9 6 JIJ9 2pound4U 13

--~ Pest Asides middotA bite of Literature - Their Assault Was Just as bloody a Centrury Ago by ~ett ~~

Ah the changing of the seasons Its going to be summer make no mistake about it But nature is so wonderfully evenhanded that some suffering will be necessary to enjoy outdoor life In the joy of victory over another wi11ter we will have to withshystand the mosquitoes (Probably they will retaliate against me for writing about their long history of perfidy - but young folks should be warned) Our purpose here is to review our literature to determine the reputation of mosquitoes through history

Ive tried to look beyond a mere survey of swatting through the ages to ask some of the deeper questions beginning with my premise that the mosquito is and always has been a terrible pest- the nemesis of honest harmless folks everywhere No one likes mosquishytoes Not the Sierra Club nor the American Civil Liberties Union nor even the animal-rights crowd All look the other way when victims begin to plot the mass exterminashytion of the mosquito Some folks even regard the mosquito as the scourge of Satan So its surprising that religion hasnt helped us more with the leading questions

Why are there so many

What can be done to increase the numbers of dragonflies as a check on mosquito populations

How have theologians reconshyciled the notion of the Lords goodshyness with the existence of the mosshyquito Oh you might get some anshyswers - but they wont mean anyshything and certainly wont help you during the season Its just a tough

14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996

situation I guess Life is harsh thats all there is to it In a book by Dale and Mary Guthrie I learned that there are 27 species of mosshyquito in Alaska Most of them reshyquire at least one feeding from a warm-blooded vertebrate (such as you and me) to lay a full-sized clutch of eggs

The Guthries are almost lyrical in their description of the pest Like summer flowers mosquitoes do not bloom all at once they write There is a succession of emerging species each staggered slightly from the other The first ones are the big slow-moving bombers of the genus Culiseta Females of this species overwinter beneath the snow and emerge while it is still melting They are never so abunshydant as to be overwhelming With their dangling legs and blur of wings the Culiseta alight gently and slowly probe around with their blood-suckshying proboscises These early mosshyquitoes give you a false sense of safety one which is soon deshystroyed

Then there are the Aedes smallshybodied and aggressive By midshyJune they finally become so rash that there are no preliminaries - just the mad attack of a blur not much bigger than a gnat buzzing onto your forehead sucking blood before you can swing your swat During the peak of Aedes activity you must walk with eyes slit and talk through your teeth Scientists are fairly clear-eyed about the mosshyquito they dont try to convince us that such insects are less nasty than we know them to be But they aren t much help either

So we turn to the arts - and a literary anthology that offers some of the finest expletive-free words available on this menace to our civishylization We turn to the first census of Alaska - made in 1880 by Ivan Petroff There is a feature of this country which though insignificant on paper is to the traveler the most terrible and poignant affliction he can be called upon to bear in the new land (Any guesses) Lanshyguage is simply unable to portray the misery and annoyance accomshypanying their presence Petroff was on track - even if the mosquishytoes left him a little speechless So we turn instead to Jack London who seems to have suffered as we suffer Walk with the Great Storyshyteller through the pestilent clouds Badly bitten under netting Lonshydon notes in his journal Couldnt vouch for it but John watched them and said they rushed the netting in a body one gang holding up the edge while a second gang crawled under

Charley swore that he has seen several of the larger ones pull the mesh apart and let a small one squeeze through I have seen them with their proboscis bent and twisted after an assault on a sheetshyiron stove

What struck early travelers in the Interior was their virtual helplessshyness against the nuisance In 1881 the Norwegian scientist Johan Jacobsen pondered the plague as he voyaged up the Yukon River

One can overcome dangers and against ambushes one can protect oneself with vigilance acshycidents can often be prevented or

lessened by energy and quick acshytion one can overcome all kinds of situations but against the relentless pursuit during waking and sleeping carried on by mosquitoes which are constantly replaced by millions of new ones there is no defense Taking some joy in the battle howshyever futile was perhaps the best tonic against despair Prospector I Banta reported with spirit of a Copshyper river campaign Fought mosshyquitoes to the finish grand retreat am returning in disgrace killed about 40 million but they still come on not daunted

During the stampede to lditarod a Seattle newsman fell for a story that revealed a valuable social purshypose in mosquitoes Since the new camp lacked a jail the deputy disshyrobed miscreants and placed them in a tent Prisoners dared not venshyture outside Of lditarods mosquishytoes it was more accurately reported that their numbers were only limited by their size The skies had no room for more

In my opinion she argued there is only one flock and it covshyers the entire country Another woman described mosquitoes as thick as snowflakes in a snowbank that never left one alone With deep resignation she lamented They do business day and night

Neither greed for wealth nor grand scenery provided sufficient armament to early prospectors of the Susitna according to the 1890 census taker It might contain the most beautiful scenery in the world or the richest mines but the clouds of mosquitoes obscured their vision and occupied their attention to the exclusion of everything else

A sense of outrage at unfair tacshytics was expressed by James Parker of Dawson Why they will stick their bills through your leather mittens and will pull your breeches off if they have a good chance

What region was considshyered the worst

Arguments raged earlier and still rage Fans of Copper River valley conditions have been very persuashysive Many travelers have moaned eloquently about their suffering there and prospector Addison Powells lament is one of those that still echo down the ages They have caused us fully to realize the misshytake that had been made when we were born Prospector Bob Medill studied the tactics of attacking hoards in hope of finding a defense The insects he believed always circled about ones head from right to left The circle is about two to three feet in diameter and a foot thick The center six to eight inches is so dense one can not see through it Desiring to see each other two persons must lower or raise their heads suddenly and peer below or above the circle

When your sole defense is in cursing the situation is serious A partner of gold-rusher Ed Morgan was able to find a little relief in fightshying back with his knife He swung at the surrounding clouds of whoopshying blood-dancers viciously thrustshying jabbing and crosscutting through the swarms like a cavalryshyman After he tired he inspected his knife rejoicing at the blood stains and body fragments Because he figured that hundreds had been slain he exulted And yet they came on

Pioneer geologist Stephen Capps retaliation was less vigorshyous After a days hard trek through the tundra he retired to his wellshyscreened tent and made faces at those that buzzed in frustration around his shelter Capp observed that Alaskans tried to be philosophishycal and gravely wipe them off your neck and face once in a while smiling pleasurably But the stoshyicism usually broke down after a time giving way to wing-singeing

curses that encompassed three or four generations of ancestry

Reports of emotional and menshytal breakdowns are common WA Baillie-Grohman told of a tenderfoot who scoffed at the bug menace until he became afflicted himself - and quickly allowed his composure to give way to a bitter wail

A Chicago Tribune reporter folshylowing the Klondike stampede echshyoed Petroffs cry that no one can do justice in a descriptive way to the discomfort of mosquitoes Strong men have been known to lie down and cry like babies as a result of the bites A modern trekshyker of the Brooks Range David Copper had much experience with Rocky Mountain mosquitoes which land lightly before settling down to dine By contrast he found These arctic counterparts take a run at it and dive bouncing by the hundreds off my head net

We could go on and on but these samples prove my premise and give us a taste- or should I say bite - of some of our fine narrative literature It is no wonder that travshyelers in Alaska have had plenty to say about mdsquitoes or that they summoned up their best descriptive powers to convey their emotion That is what literature is all about

Reprinted from We Allttskans May 3 1992

Fall 1996 UI~ 2eatt 15


microns also will impinge on vertical surfaces As fluid pressures through a 1-5 gpm nozzle exceed about 1 00 psi a great deal of the spray is genshyerated as mist These very small droplets either attach to plant surshyfaces or drift off and are wasted as mosquito larvicides For most equipshyment nozzle pressures of 50-70 psi will provide plenty of throw without producing mists

Materials requiring very low apshyplication rates (2-5 gpa) such as oils and surface films require that nozzle orifice discs be very small For example when spraying a roadshyside ditch with an average water surface width of 4 feet at a vehicle speed of 5 mph the flow should be 15 gpm for the maximum labeled rate of 5 gpa If you are thinking Thats nonsense I spray ditches all day long and my flow rates are set at 5 gpm please do the math

A mile long ditch averaging 4 feet wide has 21120 square feet (0485 acres) of surface to be treated You want to apply larvicide oil at its maxishymum labeled rate of 5 gpa Since your flow rate is set at 5 gpm you need to treat the ditch 1 acre per minute (1 acremin = 5 gpa1 gpm) That means you need to treat the 0485 acre ditch in 0485 minutes (29 seconds)

You can drive along the ditch in 6 minutes at 1 0 mph or in 1 minute at 60 mph You must drive the ditch in 29 seconds (124 mph) to stay EPA legal but you may wreck the

16 UitHt aeatt Fall1996

truckJn addition the quality of your work would suffer If you took about 12 minutes to treat the ditch at 5 mph (a reasonable application speed) you would have applied your larvicide oil at 60 gpa Conshysiderthe economic costs to your orshyganization

In this example the 60 gpa would cost you about $250 By reshyducing the total flow to the labeled 5 gpa one could save about $225 per mile of ditch sprayed Also conshysider that fine tuning ones ditch spraying program may result in a decreased pesticide load on the environment Reducing the envishyronmental costs of mosquito conshytrol is a goal we all share

Doug Johnson Mosquito Control Director in Great Falls Montana says that because we can t kill mosquito larvae any deader than dead it is very difficult to determine how much pesticide has been apshyplied We have no way to easily measure application rates after the fact In contrast Doug indicates that post treatment inspections of hershybicide applications reveal telltale signs of apparent overdoses and underdoses

Pressure and Flow with Compression Sprayers

Typically compression sprayers are used with surface films and occasionally other materials which can be applied at low application rates They are used because they are easy to carry into difficult sites simple to operate and cheap Field use is usually limited to very small plots

Compression sprayers differ from powered hydraulic sprayers largely in their performance limitashytions Typically their tank capacishyties are limited to no more than 3 or 4 gallons with the larger units carshyried on the back as a knapsack sprayer Pressure is maintained by

a manual air pump or by pumping the liquid against an accumulator As liquid is withdrawn pressure will decrease and thus reduce liquid flow Maintaining pressures within a reasonable range is necessary to keep flow rates and throw consisshytent

If you are going to larvicide a middot square 18 acre plot with oil at its maximum labeled rate of 5 gpa you would need 18 of 5 gallons (0625 gal or about 2 quarts) Assume you have calibrated your equipment and it delivers 018 gpm and that your highly trained applicator can achieve a consistent swath of about 18-20 feet when the pressure is mainshytained You can determine how much spray time (with trigger on) would be required to treat the site by dividing 0625 gal by 018 gpm This means you should treat the area in about 3 minutes

A square 18 acre plot contains 5445 square feet (about 74 feet on a side) An applicator would divide the plot into 4 lanes about 18 feet wide and treat each lane in about 52 seconds The calculated avershyage walking speed (with trigger on) would be 1 mph Walking slower than 1 mphwould result in an overshydose at the site

As mentioned in the first article in this series the applicator should know the equipment calibrate it and practice practice practice In the next article we will focus on solid larvicide formulations and what one should look for to assure proper application

Emerging Events +

Postdoctoral positions

1 IVIosquito larval ecology PhD with experience in studying food and feeding behavior of larval mosshyquitoes and predator prey interacshytions Successful appl ication must have experience in developing and implementing research programs specifically on mosquito producing ecosystems and integrated biologishycal control

2 Diptera ecologist with specialshyization in house fly research PhD with experience in developing and implementing vigorous research programs in population dynamics migrat ion patterns and integrated biological control

Send CV and names of three references to Professor Yoel Margalit Department of Life Scishyences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Laboratory for Biological Control PO Box 653 Beer Sheva 841 05 Israel

Letter

To Gene Gerbergs comments on methods of dipping for mosshyquito larvae should be added my Screen Dipper and Strainer Pan technique (New Limnological Samshypling Equipment April 1941 ) It measured the number of Anopheles larvae per square foot of water surshyface and was a very valuable tool in our studies on Anopheline Ecolshyogy

~ te44 LaPorte CO

Addition to VectoLex Distributor List

In the last issue of Wing Beats we inadvertently omitted the followshyingmiddotvectoLex distributor

Clarke Mosquito Control PO Box 410 Roselle IL 60172 708-894-2000

AMMIAINC

Robert Ward Joins Lowndes Engineering

Lowndes Engineering makers of LECO application equipment has named Robert Ward Director of Marketing amp Sales He replaced Kern Walcher who became VP Ward a graduate of the U of Florida was the director of Charshylotte County mosquito control for 21 years and is a past-president of the FMCA He will work with distribushytors represent LECO at state and regional meetings and be a field representative Robert can be reached in Safety Harbor FL at 800-845-6025 813-725-9975 fax 813-724-8687 or through LECOs Valdosta GA offices 800-236-6165 912-242-3361 fax 912-242-8763 e-mail lecomaildatasys net


~ dtiu ~ ~ ad- yened4t (4~ diaUcu ~ad-~ de~~

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Fall 1996 U~ ge4fltt 17


mosquito control minimizing the use of insecticides 2) optimal intershychange of nutrients and organisms between the marsh and lagoon 3) effective water circulation within the marsh 4) water level controls that will enhance desirable marsh vegshyetation and 5) protection or enshyhancement of water quality both within and outside the marsh These guidelines provide the framework for techniques discussed above which accomplish both mosquito control and natural resource management goals

SOMMs additional role as an information dissemination source has been fulfilled by sponsoring two Workshops on Salt Marsh Manageshyment and Research Abstracts were published as Bulletins of the Florida Mosquito Control Associashytion The third workshop is schedshyuled for October 22-25 1996 in Vera Beach Florida

18 Southwest Ave Jamestown RI 02835

C02 flowet

The Need for Increased Professionalism

In the 1980s mosquito controls mission in Florida was being more rigorously questioned and chalshylenged than ever in the past It beshycame increasingly evident that in order to continue to carry out its important function Florida mosquito control needed to raise the level of education and sensitivity to environshymental issues in both its leaders and field workers The environmenshytal agencies who questioned mosshyquito controls motives and actions were at the same time learning mosquito control practices This prompted a positive response by mosquito control professionals statewide

This increased need for professhysionalism was addressed through several avenues including the forshymation of the Dodd Short Courses which originated in 1984 through the auspices of the Florida Mosquito Control Association and continues

--

~===========-middot middot-c~~~~ii~~ t~ co~ ~yn~a~ many flow rates available

today as the primary organized avshyenue for mosquito control training in the state

It is noteworthy that increasingly more mosquito control agencies have not only entomologists on their professional staff but also biologists with the responsibilities of investishygating and implementing manageshyment practices that are environmenshytally compatible

Floridas Department of Environshymental Protection has shown a firm commitment to better understandshying mosquito control tectmiques and needs by sending their staff to Dodd Short Courses and state and nashytional mosquito control Association meetings While some areas of disshyagreement still occur overall a new era of mutual understanding and coshyoperation has arrived


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For more information call (401) 423-3930 or fax (401) 423-3910

18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996

middot Pyrethroid Stewardship ~ middot Workshop

The Letter You are invited to attend the first

Synthetic Pyrethroid Stewardship Workshop sponsored by AgrEvo Environmental Health from 28-31 May 1996 Please indicate on the enclosed form the airport nearest to you and we will make your travel arrangements What is this I called AMCA President and workshyshop organizer Dr Bob Novak for details I was told that there were no details and that the only thing required of me was to make sure I was on the plane from Melbourne Florida to Newark New Jersey on May 28 Hey didnt Jimmy Hoffa once receive a letter like this Some fifty other individuals from Research Formulation Manufacshyturing Regulatory and Operational mosquito control experienced this terse but professional treatment

The Workshop - Part 1

During the first morning of the workshop the details and format of the conference and why each of us was invited were explained The obshyjectives of the workshop were twoshyfold First to establish the extent and nature of current and possible future problems associated with the formulation and use of pyrethroids and second to develop workable solutions that will preserve the availshyability effectiveness and use of this class of insecticides

To accomplish this the group was divided into eight color-coded teams with at least one represenshytative from each discipline Our first mission by New Jersey law was to select a team name in associa-

by (j_ Alan ~

tion with the team color ours was the Green Wave some others were Gray Matter and Yellow Fever

The next mission for each team was to identify 5-1 0 areas of conshycern that we felt were most imporshytant in relation to synthetic pyreshythroids They banished us off into small rooms with two hours to comshypile our lists One hour and fifty-nine minutes later we emerged triumshyphantly from the room Im quite sure they had locked us in

When the teams rejoined we collectively worked on the major questions and concerns that each team compiled and arrived at the final list of categories and questionsThe areas of concern as determined collectively fell into 10 major categories Education Reshysistance Economics Formulation Regulations Research Biology IPM Efficacy and Label

I thought we had finished early and should be congratulated for exshypediency and that I was off for a 6-mile run in the countryside-not so Our celebration was short-lived when we found out that we were only part way through It was back to the small rooms where we had to arrive at avenues of solution to the questions we had just formu-lated middot

The Workshop- Part 2

A surprising feature of the workshyshop was that within each team representatives with very different perspectives can arrive at a unified conclusion to the specific question My initial perception was that each

of us represented such different positions that agreement would be difficult To my surprise disagreeshyments were few and a logical conshysensus was easily developed

Each team identified what they felt were the key questions and posshysible methods of solving them for one or two of the categories It was not the directive of the teams to solve the big picture but to focus on their questions and arrive at a group consensus for presentation to the general assembly

For example while all teams considered the topic of resistance critical to the future use of pyreshythroids only one team Treasure Island dealt with it as a major topic They determined that the major question was What information is needed to develop a resistance managementmiddotstrategy Items conshysidered important were a) reduction of the risk of resistance b) estabshylishing a base line of susceptibility and c) developing a method of monitoring resistance Pyrethroids while highly effective have a hisshytory of insects developing rapid reshysistance and thus the understandshying of the mechanisms and manshyagement of resistance was considshyered vital

The group consensus was that Economics and Efficacy of pyreshythroids were interrelated and that probably the most serious misuse of these compounds is related to their high cost Erroneously applishycators select dosage rates on a costdosage curve ratl)er than a mortalitydosage curve Both sales


Fall1996 Wilaquof 2leat4 19

Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp

The Western Tre_ehole Mosquito

( IMPORTANCE ] Aedes sierrensis is a common

pest in wooded residential and recshyreational areas particularly in southshyern Oregon and northern California This rather small mosquito is a pershysistent biter at sunset Daytime bitshying also occurs Its small size alshylows some individuals to enter dwellings through window screens Aedes sierrensis is a vector of dog heartworm and has been experishymentally infected with western enshycephalitis

( GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION ~

Aedes sierrensis has been colshylected widely in the Pacific Coast states and British Columbia It also occurs in Idaho western Montana and parts of Nevada and Utah It is most abundant in coastal mountains of northern California Oregon Washington and British Columbia It has adapted particularly well to the oak and madrone forests of southshyern Oregon

~ ADULT DESCRIPTION

The most striking characteristic of Aedes sierrensis when viewed without magnification is the silvery white leg bands These scales form lateral abdominal patches and

20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis

patches on the thorax The probosshycis is dark scaled The occiput is adorned with narrow silvery scales The scutum has silver scales on the anterior half and a medial golden brown stripe Wing scales are narshyrow and dark except for a small patch of white scales at the base of the costa

( _ =rRVAL DESCRIPTION )

Larvae are easily recognized in the dipper by their serpentine like movements and very large anal gills The antennae are smooth and slender with a single hair beyond the middle Upper head hairs are usushyally single and lower head hairs usushyally double The comb has 12 to 23 scales The air tube ratio is about 3 by 1 Pecten teeth are evenly spaced on the basal third of the tube followed by a single distal tuft The plate only covers about one half of the anal segment The lateral hair is longer than the plate

( lARV~L HABJTAT ) Aedes sierrensis finds its natushy

ral habitat in holes crotches and stumps of many kinds of trees oak madrone maple alder and willow in particular This species also breeds in waste tires particularly those under a tree canopy

AssociATED SPECIES ~

Aedes sierrensis larvae and adults have been collected in assoshyciation with Culiseta incidens in waste tires and adults in wooded foothill Orthopodomyia signifera and Culex pipiens have also been collected in association with this

species Larvae of Eucorethra underwoodi (a mosquito-like midge) are predatory on mosquito larvae and have been found in tires with Aedes sierrensis

OVIPOSITION J

FemaleAedes sierrensis deposit eggs in treeholes and containers just above the water line The speshycies is readily attracted to black ovishyposition jars Some eggs laid in the Summer and Fall will hatch followshying the first rains of Winter and the individuals will over winter as larvae Other eggs hatch only after a freeze has broken diapause Larvae can develop in as little as 15 days Indishyviduals that over winter as larvae will generally pupate in March or April

( 8LOODFEEDING

This species feeds just prior to and shortly after sunset However daytime host seeking is common in shaded areas Males will congreshygate around hosts as well presumshyably seeking mates This mosquito is rather cautious in its approach to humans Most adults fly less than 1 00 yards from their source Feshymales can lay up to six batches of anautogenous eggs Thus a relashytively small number of individuals can produce ongoing annoyance in local areas

~

middot Peter DeChant is DJrector of the Multnomiddotmah County middot Vector po_ntrol Promiddotgram in middotPortland Oregori middot

- middot

St Louis Equipment1

middot Transfer System ~

The allocation of a fleet vehicle for each piece of mosquito control application equipment is no longer an economic option for most jurisshydictions The increasing variety of different types of application mashychinery has added pressure to the need for a convenient way to transshyfer equipment Trailers can be helpshyful but experience has shown real maneuvering problems that can easily result in disabled (stuck) veshyhicles and damaged property

This narrative and diagram on page 22 illustrate one solution to using a variety of equipment on a single pickup truck

Th is transfer system consists of a two-part frame that is designed to lock together The lower frame part is bolted to the bed of each truck Each piece of equipment is bolted to an upper frame part All lower truck mounted frame pieces have identical dimensions All upper

r middot Advantqges to the St Lquis

T_r11nsfer Syst(Jm _ bull multiple use of vehiples l

bull eqmiddotuipment easier middott~ service

bull ~ruck is easily _converted

middot bull amiddot smooth floor can be made ~Y placing plywood over the lower frame middotmiddot

bull equipment can remain in service when a vehicle is down for repairs middot

L

bull vehicles can remain in sershyvi9e when a piece of equipshyment is down for repairs

- j

by~tft 7~

frame pieces are also identical to each other

Four pins (1 thick by 2 high) on the corners of the lower frame fit through holes in the upper frame and hold the upper frame in place A hole drilled in each of the 4 pins allows for safety keepers that lock the upper frame in place on the lower frame With the aid of a fork lift or an overhead hoist equipment can be transferred from a storage cart to a vehicle or vise versa in about 1 0 to 15 minutes

Each vehicle is wired with a power cable from the battery to a fuse and on to a Cole Herseereg tracshytor-trailer type electric male plug (11 040) located in the pickup bed A 1 OD x 6 piece of PVC pipe hel_d in place by two 1 saddle clamps on the inside of the pickup box creates a storage location for the male plug pigtail when equipshyment requiring electric power is not being used

A Cole Herseereg female recepshytacle (11 041) is installed on each piece of equipment requiring elecshytric power Good safety practice reshyquires that care must be used to properly balance the lifting points when using the hoist and chain opshytion All load bearing points and connections need to be secure at all times

~

r -- middot Bill Kottkamp-isthe Super- ~isorEtitomologi_st of Vee- tor Control Serv1ces at St Louis County Department of

Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

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BIODACreg The ultimate carrier

Fall 1996 UJ~ geatt 21

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22 111ttt ampau Fall 1996

Equipment Transfer System of Kottkamp (see page 21 for description)

ISDE TR IC ( NOT TO SCALD

111(1 ~l(CL C CIIA~IL

OB WUEmiddot ~RAIIE STSfCH OW-1 liTmiddot SK OltO(rD IJrmiddot

l1f~~i~R C~~Tl vtCTOil CON TROL ~~ ~19SiALpound [) CLAYHJN ~[] amp3 1 cmiddot e

OCSCRIP 1 1()to middot tV~TI Uscc vlt-etCAL PION

continued from page 16

Disk No

Operatfng Data to(the No 43 GunJet Series (Spraying Systems Co Inc)

Performance middot middot Liquid Pressure in psi

40 100 200 400 800middot -------middot-------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------middot---------- ___ _ D2 max middotgpm oa 05 07 09 13

throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35

D4 max gpm 06 09 t 3 1 9 27 middotmiddot throw in feet 36 36 37 39 40

06 max gpmmiddot 13 2Q 29 -41 58 throw in feet 44 45 middot 46 48 50

D8 max gpm 25 34 48 68 96 throw in feet 45 46 47 49 51

010 max gpm 32 50 71 100 141 throw in feet 46 49 50 52 54

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Florida Mosquito Control Association Fall Meeting

The fall meeting will be held Noshyvember 17-20 1996 at the Orlando Kissimmee Gateway Hilton 7470 Highway 192 West Kissimmee FL 34747 phone 407-396-4400 FMCA room rate is $55 single double triple or quad suites are $1 00 luxury high-rise rooms are $65 all plus 11 tax Rates are valid up to 3 days prior to and 3 days after the meeting For more inforshymation contact Beth Beck at 904-743-4482 fax 904-743-6879 or FMCA P 0 Box 11867 Jacksonshyville FL 32239-1867

American Mosquito Control Association Annual Meeting

The 63rd annual meeting will be held March 23-27 1997 in Salt Lake City It will be hosted by the Utah Mosquito Abatement Association Program Chairman is Dan Ariaz who can middot be reached at Environshymental Health Washoe County Health Dept 1001 East 9th St Reno NV 89520 702-785-4599 fax 702-785-4525 e-mail dariazaolcom Program Coordishynator is Sammie Lee Dickson who can be reached at Salt Lake City MAD P 0 Box 16189 Salt Lake City UT 84116 801-355-9221 fax 801-355-9227 e-mail slcmad burgoynecom

Fall 1996 Wtlaquoj ggtea14- 23

NO FLIGHT NO BITE

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Together our chemicals and equipment delivered with integrity and backed by ongoing research and development have put us in the forefront of the industry

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representatives and operational personnel fall prey to this The high costacre of pyrethroid application often frightens mosquito control managers Consequently they are easily persuaded that low rates are effective when in fact low rates may not only be ineffective but may also accelerate resistance One recomshymendation of the workshop was that pyrethroid labels include minimum dosage rates as well as the current maximum rates

Obviously in a two-day workshyshop solutions to all these issues could not be found However the group developed a plan to begin answering the questions Some questions were referred to industry and others to the American Mosshyquito Control Association for disshysemination to appropriate commitshytees

CATEGORY MAJOR QUESTION

So

Ok what does all this mean to operational mosquito control agenshycies First its rewarding that this industry is evaluating the status of its products for the present and the future This certainly shows the commitment that AgrEvo has to mosshyquito control We have a limited number and types of insecticides for controlling mosquitoes and the loss of any of them through registration difficulties or resistance is a serishyous concern

One important attribute of this workshop was that the focus was on pyrethroids with representative experts from all aspects discussing each topic The conference was dedicated to discussions of the adshyvantages and disadvantages of synshythetic pyrethroids and most imporshytantly the future directions that

should be taken by each discipline This type of review should be conshyducted for each control technique and insecticide used by mosquito control

AgrEvo and especially Bill Gershyman should be applauded for their initiative in organizing this workshop The initial image I think most of us had was that this could be a sales pitch from AgrEvo Such was not so It was a professionally organized and unbiased workshop that was a uniquely rewarding experience for me and Im sure for the rest of the participants

~

G middotAlan Curtis is a middot middotResearch middot Entomologist for themiddot Indian River Mo~quito Control Dis trict middotin Vero Beach Florida middot middot

Education What should be done to inform the educational targets concerning effective economically sound arid middot

Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label

environmentally compatible use of pyrethroids middot

What information is needed to develop a resistance 111anagement strategy middot

How do we insure that pyrethroid dosage rates are determined by effectiveness and not by cost per acre

What is the potential for improving efficacy and cost effectiveness of pyrethroids through formulation including diluents synergists combination with other insecticides and specific product enhancementsmiddot while minimizing undesirable effects middot

How to get at all levels of government knowledgeable consistent realistic and simple guidance middot toward the economical and timely registration or re-registration of pyrethroids and toward their safe and effective use middot

What research is needed who will conduct it and how willmiddot it be funded

What are the biological and ecological dynamics of the effective use of pyrethroids

How can we use the principals of IPM to insure the continued effective use of pyrethroiqs

Do we have the appropriate protocols for assessing the needs and determining the strategies formiddot pyrethroid use to achieve the expected level of control without undesirable effects

middot How do we solve label inconsistencies and complexities regarding application rates habitatrestrictions and usage directions as they pertain to compliance with regulations middot

Fall 1996 W~ geMt 25


Mosquito Control Management of State-owned Lands

Some of the early controversies addressed by the Council dealt with the use of chemicals for mosquito control on or around State-owned lands The States position was that on their land they in general authoshyrized the use of methoprene and Bti as larvicides but did not allow adulticiding there An early issue addressed by the Council dealt with how to alter several mosquito conshytrol agencies practice of aerial adulticiding State lands from which large mosquito broods emanated affecting nearby residential areas

More recently the situation of the Lee County Mosquito Control Districts desire to use the larvicide temephos on State lands has preshycipitated a long-term study of the non-target effects of this chemical The state has reached an agreeshyment with Lee County to allow the use of temephos on state lands and monitor its effects on non-target orshyganisms for a period of three years

Implementing Best Management Practices

In 1987 the Florida legislature passed the Surface Water Improveshyment and Management Act (SWIM) SWIM acknowledged that the water quality of many of Floridas water bodies has deshygraded and instructed water manshyagement districts to design and implement plans and programs for the improvement and management of surface waters

Concerning salt marsh habitats SWIM is attempting 1) to reverse the loss of emergent wetlands and 2) reintegrate isolated marshes to the lagoon thus restoring many of their natural functions Providing

26 3f)ilef geatt Fall 1996

improved habitat for native plants fish and wildlife has high SWIM prishyority Currently the St Johns River Water Management District and the South Florida Water Management District with cooperation from local mosquito control agencies are proshyviding funds for improved impoundshyment management

Water management districts are also involved in the purchase of imshypoundments and other wetland arshyeas from private owners This enshysures preservation of these valuable wetlands as well as making it easier to implement BMP

In a concerted effort to properly designate and implement BMPs along the Indian River Lagoon a program to develop Regional Marsh Management Plans is near compleshytion This project which has been funded by the Florida Department of Community Affairs Coastal Zone Management Program and the St Johns River Water Management District involves the grouping of impoundments and marshes into ecologically-meaningful manageshyment areas and applying different scientifically valid techniques to vari shyous members of the group A reshyport will be produced from this project which will provide guidance for managers to assure that approshypriate management diversity is emshyployed along the Indian River Lagoons marshes

To date approximately 20000 of the 40000 acres of impounded marsh along the Indian River Lashygoon are being managed with imshyproved marsh-lagoon connections through joint efforts by mosquito control agencies and water manshyagement districts

One interesting complication of this concerted effort to open imshypoundments is a recent finding in Indian River County Through the Florida Department of Environmenshytal Protection-Shellfish Divisions feshycal coliform monitoring program it

is suspected that the opening of imshypoundments through culverts may be releasing unacceptable coliform concentrations to nearby shellfish (clam) harvesting areas with the coliform possibly originating from wading birds Research is undershyway to better determine if this is in fact occurring

Summary

Research and management experience over the past 15 years has demonstrated that more careshyful and improved mosquito manageshyment techniques can satisfy both mosquito control and natural reshysource objectives Meeting these sometimes conflicting goals is inshycreasingly difficult given the intense development environmental and mosquito control pressures present in the state

The Council and SOMM have proven to be excellent interagency forums to make certain all interests are adequately considered when reviewing mosquito control-natural resource issues Mosquito control in Florida has met many of the enshyvironmental challenges posed to it and has led the way in initiating and conducting research to find answers to the questions which have been raised Interagency cooperation and further research are essential in ensuring that Florida will continue to make progress in wisely managshying our environmentally sensitive habitats ~

s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses

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SANDOZ Always read the label before using the product Sandoz Agro [nc 1300 E Touhy Ave Des Plaines IL 60018 Altosid is a trademilrk of Sandoz Ltd copy1995 Sandoz Agro Inc

L has been our

privilege to serve you

and your community

over the last 50 years

Together we have reached

great accomplishments

toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are

grateful for your support

and friendship over the

last half-century From

all of us at Clarke a

heartfelt thank you

J hn L Clarke Jr Founder and Chairman

1bull800bull323bull5727

5 Serving Growing Excelling

IIJ~ amptw l bullbull ll llll bullbullbull ll bullbull llllllllllllllllllllllllll I Ill I 1 bullbullbull 1 i 1 bullbull 1 RICHARD F DARSIE

PO Box 60005 Fort Myers FL 33906

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED

FLORIDA MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LABORATORY 200 9TH ST SE VERO BEACH FL 32962-465 7

BULK RATE US POSTAGE

PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

PO Box 60005

Fort Myers FL 33906 151 91 Homestead Rd

Lehigh FL 33971

Editor-in-chief Dennis Moore Fort Myers FL voice 941-694-2174 fax 941-693-5011

Managing Ed itor Charlie Morris Vero Beach FL 561-778-7204 (voice or fa x)

Associa te Editors Joh n Ga mble New Smyrna Beach FL Mary Peery Vero Beach FL

Graphics Charlie Morris Vero Beach FL Bonnie Pattok Vero Beach FL Alan Curtis Vero Beach FL

Column Editors Chemline - Doug Wassmer Od essa FL Chip Cha t- Thomas Floore Panama City FL Crankcase Eddie - Ed Meehan Mound MN Fly Whee ls - James Robi nson Odessa FL Going Pub]jc - Kellie Etherson Ga inesvill e FL Natures Way- Eric Schreiber Panama City FL Vector Bearings - Donald Shroyer Vero Beach FL

Regiona l Editors Massachusetts- Timot hy D Deschamps Norwood Minnesota- Susa n Pa lchick St Pau l New Jersey - Willi am C Rein ert Northfield Oregon- Pe ter DeChant Portland Texas- Dan Sprenger Corpus Chris ti Utah - Glen n Coli ell Sa lt Lake City

Editoria l Review Board Alan Curtis Vera Beach FL David Dame Gainesvill e FL Gerry Hutn ey Tampa FL L Philip Lounibos Vera Beach FL

Florida Mosquito Control Association Elisabeth Beck Executive Director PO Box 11 867 Jacksonv ill e FL 32239 vo ice 904-743 -4482 fax 904-743-6879

FMCA 1995-1996 Board of Directors Presiden t

W Gene Baker Tal lahassee FL Pres ident-elect

G Alau Curt is Vero Beach FL Vice-President

David Dame Ga in esville FL Immediate Past President

Robert Ward Safety Harbor FL Northwest Regional Representati ve

Joseph P Ruff Panama City FL Northeast Regional Represe ntative

Richard Smith Jacksonville FL Southwest Regional Representative

WiJi am R Opp Fort Myers FL Sout heast Regional Representative

Gregory Scott Key West FL

of the Florida Mosquito Control Association Volume 7 Number 3 Falll996

Chemline Calibrating Liquid Larvicide Application Equipment _ ___ _ 7 by Deulaquoj UI~ ~ 1lt~ amp fk4 Wtdt

Source Reduction Issues and Progress in Florida Mosquito Controls Efforts to Manage Environmentally Sensitive Habitats _ __ _ ____ _ ______ ______ _ _ __ _ _ _ 8

by Deulaquoj ~- Petett () middot~~ amp fk9e 1lt~ PfV

Program Profiles FMCA Long on Short Courses 10 by~~ Pf V

Pest Asides A Bite of Literature ________ 14 by ~iff ~etut

Emerging Events + ____ ____ ___ 17

Feature Pyrethroid Stewardship Workshop 19 by tJ Afeut ~tu

Biosynopsis The Western Treehole Mosqwito Aedes sierrensis -middot--middotmiddot---- middot-middot--middot- --- _____ 20 byPetettDe~

Field Forum Equipment Transfer System ------- 21 by flite Ko~

UtHt Se4t6 Published qua rterly by the Florida Mosquito Control Association This magazine is intended to keep all

interested parti es informed on matters as they re late to mosqu ito control particularly in the United States All rights reserved Reproduction in whole or par t for educational purposes is permitted without permission with proper c itation The Florida Mosq uito Contro l Association has not tes ted an y of the products advertised or referred to in this publication nor has it verifi ed any of the stat emen ts made in any of the advertisem ents or articles The FMCA does not warrant express ly or implied the fitn ess of any product advert ised or the sui tability of any advice or statements conta ined herein Opinions ex pressed in this publica tion are not necessar il y the opinions or policies of the Florida Mosquito Control Association

Subscriptions Ut Set is sent free of charge to anyone within the con tinenta l United States Subscriptions are

available for the cost of first class postage to any foreign address at the following rates Europe UK and Aust ralia US$20 Can ada US$6 Sou th Ameri ca US$10 Make checks and purchase orders payable to the Florida Mosquito Con tro l Association and send to FMCA PO Box 11867 JacksonviJe FL 32239

Correspondence Address all correspondence regarding~- Se4t6 to the Editor-in-Chief Dennis Moore PO Box

60005 Fort Myers FL 33906 Readers are invited to submit art icles related to mosquito and bi ting fl y biology and control or letters to the Editors to the Editor-in-Chief There is no charge if your art icle or letter is printed Photographers and artists are in vited to submit color transparenc ies or high quality original artwork for possible use in the magazine or on the cover $100 will be paid for each cover photo Businesses are invited to place advert isements through the Editor-i n-Chief

About the Cover Mosquito Head by Bonnie Pattok Florida Medical Entomo logy Laboratory University of Florida Vero Beach Generated on Co reDraw 5

























VALENT

-~ 7




CHEMINOVA



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Fall1996 W~ 2eat4 7




Early 1980s Issues




8 U~ ampau Fall1996







Aerial Adulticiding





















Organization












1997 Courses



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_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

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3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

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10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

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Disk No




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DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






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~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



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middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


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heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

























VALENT

-~ 7




CHEMINOVA



r

r















Fall1996 W~ 2eat4 7




Early 1980s Issues




8 U~ ampau Fall1996







Aerial Adulticiding





















Organization












1997 Courses



middot











_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

FMI Pumps





10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









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FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL




CHEMINOVA



r

r















Fall1996 W~ 2eat4 7




Early 1980s Issues




8 U~ ampau Fall1996







Aerial Adulticiding





















Organization












1997 Courses



middot











_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

FMI Pumps





10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


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FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


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toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

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heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

r















Fall1996 W~ 2eat4 7




Early 1980s Issues




8 U~ ampau Fall1996







Aerial Adulticiding





















Organization












1997 Courses



middot











_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

FMI Pumps





10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









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Breed Of

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Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL




Early 1980s Issues




8 U~ ampau Fall1996







Aerial Adulticiding





















Organization












1997 Courses



middot











_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

FMI Pumps





10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











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Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

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FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL



















Organization












1997 Courses



middot











_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

FMI Pumps





10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











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- j

by~tft 7~





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Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL









1997 Courses



middot











_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

FMI Pumps





10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL








_middot







A Chat with the EPA




__


35

10

10

20

20

10

10

middot 05

3 lunches -

40

10

10

05

10

10


10

10

FMI Pumps





10

05

05












Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL






Agency Cooperation























14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL







14 U~ ~ea4 Fall 1996







































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL
































Emerging Events +





Letter


~ te44 LaPorte CO




AMMIAINC





COVERAGES OFFERED

General Liabili ty

a~~~~-


(941) 939-7303 FAX (941) 939-1485



Aviation Liability








C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL





C02 flowet




--










18 UtHJ ~ Fall1996







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL







by (j_ Alan ~













Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

Pete~z De~~ g~ oamp






~ ADULT DESCRIPTION


20 1()~ ampau Fall 1996

Aedes sierrensis









OVIPOSITION J


( 8LOODFEEDING


~


- middot

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

St Louis Equipment1











L


- j

by~tft 7~





~


Hea_lth _ -

DUST FREE

Future riendly



Discover BIODACreg


Telephone 2 19272-5303 Fax 219272-6610




A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL


A Different

Breed Of

-bull~---



FACTORY DIRECT













Disk No




throw in feet 32 33 34 35 35





DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

DYNA-FOGreg


bull ADULTICIDING


bull LARVICIDING






Phone (317)87-251 Fax (317)8-3788

TN








NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

NO FLIGHT NO BITE




~-~shy_______

74DAP(QINc ~~~~~

111111111



E-MAIL adapco oocom



TOLL FREE 1-800-448-8525






So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL





So





~



Resistance

Economics

Formulation

Regulations

Research

Biology

IPM

Efficacy

Label


























Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL















Summary



s

middot-middot_ _-

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

Hits

Misses









L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

L has been our


and your community




toward a safer more

comfortable outdoor

environment We are





heartfelt thank you









PAID PERMJT198

FT MYERS FL

©1996 american cyanamid company - florida...

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