1985 garden calendar - ohio state university...• container flower & vege-table production •...

1985 c:: I

Garden Calendar

''Home Horticulture Is Everyone's

Agricultural Opportunity"

GARDENING CALENDAR

A guide to timely gardening activities along with helpful hints on crop

cultural practices and food preservation

PREPARED BY

James D. Utzinger, Extension Horticulturist Diane S. Traver, Extension Food and Nutrition Specialist

Jacqueline L. Boucher, Assistant Agricultural Editor

Ohio Cooperative Extension Service The Ohio State University

2120 Fyffe Road Columbus, Ohio 43210

HOME, YARD AND GARDEN FACTS

Home, Yard and Garden fact sheets are available through the county offices of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service (see back cover). The fact sheets answer questions about the lawn, yard, garden, backyard fruits, household appliances, home management and many other subjects concerning the home and its surroundings. More than 350 of these twopage fact sheets have been prepared by Ohio's Extension specialists.

The fact sheets are available 1) by complete sets, 2) by subject matter categories such as insects, diseases, or fruits and vegetables, etc., or 3) by ordering the number desired of any one fact sheet in increments of 25 (25 minimum).

All educational programs and activities conducted by the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service are available to all potential clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, handicap or religious affiliation.

12/84--SM Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, J, Michael Sprott, Director of Cooperative Extension Service, The Ohio State University.

HOME HORTICULTURE

Everyone's Agricultural Opportunity

Home horticulture is an agricultural activity everyone can profit from and enjoy. Others besides commercial farmers can benefit from the wise and skillful use of America's land and resources. Without working on a large farm, home gardeners can use limited space, natural or synthetic soil, and a wide variety of plant materials to make the home and community more pleasant.

Home horticulture is the arrangement, selection, planting, growing and maintenance of trees, flowers, lawns, food gardens and other plant materials in and around dwellings. It includes protection from and control or management of .plant insects, diseases and weeds.

Areas of Opportunity

Because of the broad scope of home horticulture, people can choose from many potentially productive and enjoyable activities. Following are suggested projects for home agriculture.

•Backyard flower gardening • Backyard vegetable gar

dening •Backyard fruit growing • Container flower & vege-

table production • Herb gardening • Rose growing • Home landscaping • Patio gardening

Getting Involved

• Flower arranging •Bonsai production •Indoor plant growing •Flower, fruit & vege-

table exhibition •Food preservation •Lawn care •Terrariums • 4-H & other youth

organization work

The beauty of home horticulture is that a limited amount of resources can be used to good advantage. You don't need a large farm or even a big yard to get involved in growing plants.

Involvement is growing plants: •In front, back and side yards

• In soil around house foundations • In hanging baskets •In terraced or raised bed areas •In pots on the windowsill, steps, porch, counters,

plant stands, and other places in and around the home.

A Learning Experience

Scientific studies uncover valuable information that leads to success in home horticulture activities. Research in such areas as these benefits home gardeners:

•Economics of home vegetable cultivar (variety) trials •Flower, fruit & vegetable cultivar (variety) trials •Shade tree evaluation •Plant nutrition & health •Product preservation

Rewards

By engaging in home horticulture activities, people: •Make their home and community more beautiful and

pleasant •Help conserve vital energy resources •Produce tasty food for family meals •Enjoy productive, relaxing leisure time •Learn more about the fascinating world of plants •Avoid costly mistakes by learning the basic require-

ments for plant success

Where to Get Additional Help

Through efforts of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Ohio State University, Ohio citizens have access to the following services:

•Soil testing •Lime, fertilizer & cultural

recommendations for soil improvement

•Information on plant culture

• Publications & fact sheets on plant growing

• Programs such as gardening schools, field days & short courses

For more information about these services, contact the county Extension office (see back cover). Home gardeners may wish to join such plant societies as the Ohio Association of Garden Clubs Inc; Garden Club of Ohio Inc.; community garden clubs for men and specialty plant organizations, including those for African violets, roses, daffodils and many others.

This calendar is designed to assist the home gardener by suggesting timely activities in the garden, landscape and food preservation areas.

Tips and suggestions dealing with important cultural practices are included with the timely information for each month.

STATE CLIMATIC DIFFERENCES

Due to climatic differences associated with different latitudes in the state, gardeners in the southern and central portions of the state will be doing many of the suggested timely activities before gardeners in the northern part of the state.

The information in this calendar has been developed for central Ohio. Those living in the southern part of the state may accomplish gardening activities 10 to 14 days earlier than the calendar dates indicated, depending on prevailing local weather conditions.

Gardeners living in the northern part of the state may accomplish gardening activities 10 to 14 days later than the calendar dates indicated, depending on prevailing local weather conditions.

In general, activities listed for November through February are timely for all parts of the state. Dates for accomplishing the various activities are approximate, and some flexibility exists. Don't be overly

alarmed if you cannot accomplish the task on the exact date listed. Harvest season time may vary several days depending on local weather conditions.

OHIO

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temperatures. wl/I again fall to

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JANUARY

1985 All America Flower and Vegetable Selections

'Rose Diamond' F1 Hybrid Geranium

This excellent, new, grown-from-seed geranium produces several flower heads simultaneously. The attractive rose-colored flowers appear on the plants 12 to 13 weeks after the seed is sown. When grown under cool temperatures, the leaves show a distinct dark zoning. 'Rose Diamond' is among the earliest of rose-colored geraniums to flower.

'Yellow Marvel' Zinnia

Bright yellow flowers 3 to 3t inches across are the trademark of this new zinnia. The double and semi-double flowers are borne on plants 15 to 20 inches tall with a 9- to 15-inch spread. 'Yellow Marvel' plants are early to flower and give a long season of bloom. A second good flowering display is produced in late September to October.

'Mini-Star Tangerine' Gazania

This new cultivar of gazania opens single tangerine-colored flowers each morning. The color is totally new to gazania cultivars.

'Mini-Star' gazania grows well in poorer soils, tolerates heat and humidity and still manages to produce lots of flowers. Plants are 8 inches high and 10 to 12 inches across at maturity. Blooms are 2t to 3 inches in diameter.

'Century Mixed' Celosi~

A wide range of yellows, scarlets and reds is one of the distinctive and valued features in the award-winning 'Century Mixed' celosia. The long, 13-inch plumes make excellent cut and dried flowers.

Plants, which grow well in sunny locations, attain a height of up to 28 inches. Plants thrive best in fertile soils and are suited to mass planting in the middle or back of the garden.

'Trinidad' Verbena

An upright growth habit describes the award-winning "Trinidad' verbena. Mature plants grow up to 10 inches tall and have a 12-inch spread. Flower clusters are It to 2 inches wide.

Plants flower 14 weeks after sowing. For best seed germination, maintain 75°F day and 60°F night medium temperatures.

'Red Sails' Lettuce

Decorative, nutritious red leaves make 'Red Sails' a desirable lettuce plant for vegetable gardens and as border plants in flower and herb gardens. Leaves are ready for harvest 45 days from sowing. Plants are of the loose-leafed type but form a full center.

Plants thrive best in cool temperatures but will tolerate heat. Leaves tend to remain maroon despite hot, humid growing conditions.

'Sunburst' F1Hybrid Squash

Fruits of 'Sunburst' are scalloped and bright yellow. The butteryflavored, 3l-inch fruits are produced by plants that come into production about 50 days from seed sowing.

Suggested plant spacing is 30 inches. A minimum of four to six plants are suggested for adequate pollination and fruit set.

1985 All America Rose Selection

'Showbiz' is the sole 1985 All America Rose Selection, according to officials at the All America Rose Selections, Inc. Organization, Box 218, Shenandoah, Iowa 51601.

'Showbiz'

This 1985 All America selection is a floribunda type rose that produces masses of brilliant scarlet blooms slightly tinted with orange. Plants are of medium height, growing to about 36 inches tall. Foliage is dark, glossy green and resistant to mildew.

Flowers are large, up to 2l to 3 inches across, and consist of 28 to 30 petals each. The floral display begins in spring and continues throughout the summer.

Blooms last long and make excellent cut flowers.

Trees and Shrubs for Forcing

Many trees and shrubs that bloom or leaf out in early spring can be brought into leaf or flower indoors in the winter. The time required for results depends on the kind of plant and when the branches are brought indoors. Some branches to force include the following:

Red Maple Redbud Cornelian Cherry Flowering Dogwood Forsythia

Witchhazel Honeysuckle Magnolia Flowering Crabapple

Cherry Pear Alpine Currant Pussywillow

JANUARY

SUNDAY

6

13

20

27

Activity dates ~re for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring planting dates will be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

MONDAY TUESDAY

Increase humidity in home for indoor plant health.

NEW YEAR'S DAY

1

Be aware that salt used to melt ice on walks and driveways can damage plants and lawn grass in the following growing season,

7 8

14 Inspect stored roots and corms (dahlias, glads, etc.) for excessive shriveling and decay. Remove bad ones; restore others to cool, moist place.

21 Join a local garden club for self improvement and connnunity beautification opportunities.

28 Organize a 4-H club and encourage gardening and food production/preservation projects.

If in doubt, throw it out. Boil, then burn, bury or flush contents of any jar having mold, odd color or odor, or any signs of spoilage. Do not feed to animals.

15

Inspect terrarium for developing rot and mold due to excessive moisture or plant wilting due to dry soil.

29

WEDNESDAY

2 Keep bird feeders filled with seeds, bread crumbs, suet and related foods. Carefully remove any heavy snow from shrubs to prevent branch breakage.

9 Get power mower, garden tractor, power sprayer and other power equipment serviced and repaired by a reliable serviceman.

Write for seed and nursery catalogs. Newspapers and magazines carry order forms for free catalogs.

16

23 Become familiar with gardening and preserving references in local libraries and the Cooperative Extension Service office.

30

THURSDAY

Become acquainted 3

with the new All American flower, vegetable and rose varieties by reading news accounts (see above).

FRIDAY

Place poinsettia near a sunny window where it can receive light for food production

4

SATURDAY

5 Check young fruit trees and woody landscape plants for signs of rodent injury. Protect bases of plants with hardware cloth cylinders or feed rabbits hay or corn.

10 11 12

17 Cuttings of flowering woody plants like Forsythia, flowering quince and crabapple can be forced into bloom early. Bring inside; place in water.

24 Read your favorite gardening references for updating knowledge and for new ideas.

31

Make a reusable freezWri te for the All Amer- er inventory sheet by ican Rose Selection covering a list of fro-Leaflet, "Roses Are zen foods with see-for You", All America through, self-stick Rose Selections, P.O. plastic. Write with Box 218, Shenandoah, crayon or washable IA 5160L marker.

Attend a flower or garden show or school as the opportunity becomes available.

18 Protect canned goods 19 from freezing. Accidentally frozen canned foods may be kept frozen until used. If jars have become unsealed when frozen, use immediately after thawing.

25 Check foods stored 26 in garages or other unheated storage and protect from freezing. Frozen potatoes turn sweet, mushy, black and unsuitable for use.

DATE OF RECOMMENDED PRACTICE OR ACTIVITY MAY VARY A FEW DAYS

For Additional Information, Contact Your County Extension Agent, The Cooperative Extension

I

Seed Sowing - Plant Starting Common causes of seed germination failure include (1) germination

medium too soggy wet, (2) germination medium drying out too fast, (3) low quality seed, (4) temperature too low, (5) planting seed too deep, (6) fertilizer injury, and (7) diseases and rots.

Forcing Paper White Narcissus Place bulbs in shallow pans on gravel. Add additional gravel to

hold the bulbs in place. Add water to cover at least the lower 1/3 of the bulb. Place the container in a warm, well-lighted area where the flowers will develop flower stalks topped with attractive white flowers. Water regularly to prevent bulbs from drying out.

Longevity of Selected Flower Seeds

Leftover flower seed stored in a cool, dry place may be good for up to three years or more depending on type.

Longevity Longevity (50% Germination) (50% Germination)

Flower Years Flower Years Ageratum 3t0s Marig~ 3toS Alyssum 3 to 5 (African & French) Begonia 1 to 2 Pansy 1 to 2 Cockscomb 3 to 5 Petilllia 3 to 5 Foxglove 1 to 2 Phlox 1 to 2 Gourds 5 Portulaca 3 to s Hollyhock s Snapdragon 3 to 5 Larkspur (annual) 1 to 2 Sweet pea 5

Zinnia 5

Seed Testing Determine if stored seed are still good by running a germination

test. Clean, coarse sand, vermiculite or jiffy mix are good materials

for germinating seed. The medium should be moist but not soggy wet. Broadcast small seed over the germinating medium surface. Seed medium sized and large seed in rows and cover.

Place the segded container in a plastic tent and place it in a warm place (70-75 F), After seed germinate, determine whether a sufficient number of seedlings are produced to justify keeping the seed.

Home Fruit Plantings Require Considerable Care and Attention Advantages--A home fruit planting can provide fresh, high quality,

plant ripened products of fine flavor for family use or sale. Also by growing fruit at home, one can have fruits that may not otherwise be readily available.

Well established and maintained fruit plantings enhance the appearance of the home landscape as specimen, border, espaliered or trellised plants, while producing food for the family.

Limitations--There is more to growing fruit than making the planting and harvesting the crop. Hany exacting cultural practices are a must, if quality fruit is to be produced. Fruit plantings require a great deal of continuous care and attention.

Heavy, poorly drained soils and unfavorable weather, particularly in the early spring, and a number of pests pose serious ob~tacles to the production of quality fruit.

FEBRUARY

Fruit plantings exposed to full sunlight for most of the day usually grow and produce better than those planted in heavy shade.

Years to bearing of fruit plants--Semi-dwarf apples, 4-5 years; dwarf apples, 3-4 years; blackberry, 2 years; blueberry, 3; red tart standard size cherry, 3-5; red tart genetic dwarf cherry, 2-3; standard sweet cherry, 4-7; red current, 2; elderberry, 2; gooseberry, 2; grape, 3; peach, standard tree size, 2-3; pear, standard tree, 4-5; pear, dwarf tree, 3-4; plum, standard tree, 3-5; plum, dwarf, 3-4; raspberry, red, black, purple, 2; strawberry, June bearing, 1 1/3; strawberry, everbearing, 1/4.

Shrubs That Attract Birds A number of landscape plants bear fruit and attract birds. Some

of the more common plants that attract birds and the color of the fruit include Alleghany Serviceberry, blue; Red Chokeberry, red; American Bittersweet, orange-red; Flowering Dogwood, red; Spreading Cotoneaster, red; Washington Hawthorn, red; Russian Olive, silver; Re11el's Privet, dark blue; Crabapple, red; Buckthorn, black; and American Cranberrybush, red.

Perennials For the Garden Perennial flowers have the advantage of not requiring annual

planting. Once established, they give color to the garden in a shady spot and in front of shrubs.

Perennials require considerable care but can do well in all parts of Ohio.

Among the popular perennials for the garden are chrysanthemum, daylily, peony, iris, rose, tulip, daffodil, delphinium and phlox.

Cultivar Selection Selecting adapted cultivars of flowers, fruits, vegetables and

landscape plants is most important to successful gardening. Select cultivars for disease and insect resistance; yield potential; quality of product; intended use; season of maturity; and size, shape, color and texture of product desired.

A Dozen Recommended Foliage Plants for Beginners

Name

Bromeliad, Aechmea fasciata Pewter plant, Aglaonema roebelinii Schefflera, Brassaia actinophylla Neanthe bella palm, Chamaedorea

elegans Dumb cane, Dieffenbachia amoena Corn plant, Dracaena frag~ Japanese aralia, Fatsia japonica Rubber plant, Fic~stica

'Decora' ---Wax plant, Hoya carnosa Prayer plant, Maranta leuconeura Boston fern, Nephrolepis exalta

bostoniensis Podocarpus, Podocarpus macrophyl

lus 'Maki'

Light Level

medium low

medium

low medium

low medium

medium medium medium

medium

high

Water Requirement

moist moist

dry

moist dry wet

moist

moist dry

moist

moist

moist

FEBRUARY SUNDAY

3

10

17

Activity dates are for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring planting dates will be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY

4 5 6 Sow seed of broccoli, Attend a flower or garden show or school as the opportunity arises.

Run germination tests on stored seeds left over from last year. (See above for more information.)

11 Some herbs are easy 12 to grow inside. Preserve herbs by chopping and drying at 140°F in

Parsley is an excellent1 source of vitamin C . Grow in a pot for wintertime freshness. Use herbs liberally and reduce salt.

18

oven until free of moisture. Several herbs may be dried at the same time.

19 Reminisce on last

cabbage, celery and head lettuce for the early garden. Broccoli and cabbage are generally easier to gro cel'ery or head lettuce

Prepare your vegetable garden planting guide.

20

THURSDAY

with quality than n the home garden.

DAY

summer as you enjoy Check condition of Consider planting

7

14

21

FRIDAY 1

Check refrigerator and freezer temperatures. Target temperatures are 40°F and o°F, respectively. Invest in a freezer thermometer.

Page through your new seed and nursery catalogues for gardening ideas.

8

15 Cook canned low acid foods such as vegetables and meats at boiling temperatures for 10-20 minutes to assure safety.

Re-pot rootbound indoor plants.

22

SATURDAY 2

Force so~e paper white narcissus bulbs. (See above for more information.)

9

1f

23

its bounty and the pressure canner some home fruit trees.

-----------------------+-----·------'--s_a_v_i_·n_g_s~o-f __ y_o_u_r __ f_o_o __ d __ +-_g_a_u_g_e_, __ g_a_s_k_e_t __ a_n_d ____ ~~C-h_e_c_k---av __ a_i_l_a_b_l_e __ s_p_a_c_e~-+---~ dollar. safety vent. Order and suitable varieties new parts if needed. to fit the space.

24 25 26 Get pruning tools 27 28

Remove water sprouts and basal suckers from landscape trees, particularly crabapple.

Order vegetable Build or repair trellises for grapes, raspberries and blackberries,

sharpened and Review your plans ready for use. for landscape

seed and plants from your favorite suppliers. Consider plant-ing a few strawberry ~ plants.

---+----!--- -

development.


For Additional Information, Contact Your County Extension Agent, The Cooperative Extennion SPrvicP

March is a busy and important time for accomplishing key gardening activities. The exact time for doing the various suggested activities will depend on pr~vailing weather and soil conditions.

Pollination Requirements of Fruit Plants Naturally Self Fruitful Plants are blackberry, blueberry, red

tart cherry, red currant, gooseberry, elderberry, grape, peach, nectarine, some plums, raspberries, and strawberries.

Self Unfruitful Plants are apple, sweet cherry, pear and some plums.

Effective pollination is needed for fruit production. This process keeps newly formed fruit from dropping and stimulates fruit development.

Naturally self fruitful plants can set full crops, even if grown as single isolated plants.

Self unfruitful plants require.that at least two varieties with overlapping bloom time be planted within 40 feet of each other for pollination.

Good nursery catalogs often contain valuable pollination information.

Grape Pruning ~!arch is the best time to prune grapevines.

pruning may result in "bleeding" or sap flow from generally does little or no harm to the vines.

Pruning Trees

Delayed spring the vines, but this

Prune trees every year. Remove all dead, diseased and broken branches and the weaker of two crossing branches that are rubbing together. Remove upright growth, including watersprouts and growth excluding light from the center of the tree. Drooping branches that interfere with traffic or mowing should be removed. Make cuts to give the tree the desired direction of growth.

Pruning Roses Prune rose bushes annually. Remove all dead and spindly growth

and cut canes back to live wood. If no live buds are left, remove the entire cane. Remove the weaker of two crossing branches. Shape the plant by cutting the strong canes to a uniform height. In Ohio, strong plants can be pruned to a height of 24 to 30 inches.

Hybrid tea rose bush before pruning (left) and after pruning (right).

MARCH Soil Preparation

Don't work garden soil when too wet. The soil structure will be damaged to the extent that valuable pore space will be lost. If imrked too wet, clay soils become hard and difficult to work throughout the growing season.

Soil dry enough to work shatters easily. Determine if soil is dry enough by squeezing a handful of soil gently in your fist. If the soil crumbles when released, it is dry enough to work. Soil too wet to work forms a mud ball as pressure is applied.

Shade Tree Selection Avoid fast growing but weak structured trees when selecting plants

for the landscape. Such trees may blow over or split in a windstorm or break under a heavy load of ice or snow.

Fast growing but usually weak structured trees include Ailanthus (Tree of Heaven), Silver Maple, Popular, and Weeping Willow.

Fast growing trees may have root systems that clog drainage tiles or interfere with leaching field action. The trees also may be subject to a number of pests.

Fertilizing Fruit Plants

Pounds of 10-6-4 Fertilizer to Apply to Each Fruit Jree According to Tree Age When Trees Are Grown in Sod

Tree Age Fruit l 2 3 4 5 6 7 Apple .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Apricot, nectarine, peach 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Cher2y, plum .3 .6 .9 1. 2 1.5 1.8 2.1 Pear , and gutnce .2 .4 .6 .B 1.0 1.2 1.4

8 9 10 4.0 4.5 5.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 2.4 2. 7 3.0 1.6 1.8 2.0

1Nitrogen is the most important nutrient. Increase amount by 2 for 5-10-10 or decrease by t for 20-5-10 fertilizer, Three-tenths pound (. 3) equals 8 level tablespoons or t

2cup for trees grown in sod. If not in sod reduce by t. Nitrogen fertilizer may increase fireblight problem. Do not fertilize pears after heavy pruning or if terminal growth is more than 8 to 10 inches.

Fertilizer for Small Fruits

Amount (lbs.) 10-6-4/100 ft. row

Fruit Blackberry 2 3 Blueberry ' Currant Elderberry Gooseb~rry Grape Raspberry ~black, red, purple) Strawberrx., (June or everbearing)

lat year 10

2 10 10 10 10 10

4-6

2nd-12th year

30 4

20 30 20 20 30 4-6

Remarks Broadcae t over root zone Use ammonium sulfate Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast

1. Apply nitrogen fertilizer in mid-March or April 1 or 2 weeks after planting. Do not apply in spring to bearing strawberries. Multiply by 2 for 5-10-10 or divide by 2 for 20-5-10.

2. Use ammonium sulfate (20% nitrogen) to acidify soil. 3. Can be applied to each individual plant at one-half rate. 4. Can be applied twice the first year if heavy rainfall exists--2 weeks after planting

and mid-June. Apply same amount August 10. In second year apply renewal and again August 10. Do not apply in spring of bearing year. Do not apply fertilizers containing herbicides on or near the fruit planting.

MARCH

SUNDAY MONDAY

Activity dates are for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring planting dates will be two we~ks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

Purchase nursery stock for planting later thi month,, Move head lett uce plants to cold frame.

SATURDAY 2

Sow seeds of dahlia, snapdragon and verbena in hot bed.

4 5 The average life of

6 Watch for early specials on canning supplies. Date lid cartons and use oldest first. Discard those more than three years old.

7 8 9

10

17

Prune shrubs, landscape trees and grapes before the plants break dormancy. See above for more inf ormation.

a canning jar is 8 to 13 years. Store carefully and protect from banging to increase longevity.

11 Plant shade and 12 Consider joining a local garden club.

: ,.=ed eggplant and pepper for summer garden transplants.

18

fruit trees, shrubs, evergreens, small bush fruits, grapevines, strawberry ani rose plants as weat~ er and soil conditions permit.

Seed new lawns as weather and soil conditions permit,

Clean and repair

19

food storage shelves,

13 Remove winter protection from rose bushes. Prune roses as weather permits.

Remove tops and 20 dead leaves from asparagus and rhubarb plants and fertilize them with a nitrogen sidedressing"

Dig and use fresh parsnips.

14 Prepare garden soil as soon as it is dry enough to work. Move broccoli and cabbage transplants to cold frame.

21

24 25 26 27 28

31

Plant carrots, Swiss chard, peas, collards, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, onions, parsley, parsnips, radishes, potatoes, salsify and spinach when soil and weather conditions permit.

Sow seeds of hardy annual flowers such as calendula, clarkia, larkspur, California poppy, sweet pea and petunia.

Apply pre-emergent herbicides for crabgrass control in southern Ohioo


For Additional Information, Contact Your County Extension Agent, The Cooperative Extension Service

Remove mulch from established strawberries before growth begins. Stake or guy newly planted trees

15

to prevent wind damage.

Apply lawn fertilizer as weather permits,,

22

Vegetables still in freezer? Use them in soups and stews, Make room for the new crop.

29 Freezer need defrosting? Save electricity by doing it now. Keep freezer at 0°F or below. At 12°F food deteriorates almost twice as fast.

Collect canning recipes from reliable sources. For low sodium and low calorie diets, county Extension home economists have canning and freezing guides.

Whitish-gray, papery 16 spots on frozen meat are signs of freezer burn. Avoid by using packaging specified for freezing. Use frozen ground meat within three months.

Attend flower and garden shows as scheduled for your community.

23

Because microwaves 30 don't produce dry heat, an oven or dehydrator should be used to dry all foods except herbs.

Heeling In Nursery Stock When nursery. stock arrives and cannot be planted immediately, it

must be kept in good condition prior to planting. Be sure that root systems do not dry out or otherwise become damaged. Keep the roots of plants in moist (not soggy) sand, sawdust or peat moss in as cool an area as possible.

Plants tightly packed in bundles should be opened and ventilated to prevent fungus growth.

landscape Planting Calendar for Ohio*

BROADLEAF EVERGREENS !balled & burlapped)

SHRUBS & SMALL TREES lbare·rooll

EVERGREENS & SHRUBS (balled & burlapped)

CONTAINER-GROWN /all types!

SHADE TREES !larger .sizes B & BJ

JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE

Ideal planting period

Plant with maximum care

Greater danger of loss and winter injury

§~~

JUlV AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. OEC.

•f>1a~1my dates wilt ~ary shgtilly in d.tle1~1 pans ol 1he state because of weather tond11mris

Early Training of Fruit Trees Important Lack of attention to training in the early stages of tree develop

ment results in severe problems with limb breakage, spray coverage and harvesting. Regular pruning is essential to maintaining tree shape and vigor.

Fertilizing Trees and Shrubs Trees and shrubs profit from an application of fertilizer made

this month. The fertilizer can be either surface or drill hole applied. Water

or cultivate the fertilizer into the soil for best results.

Vegetable Varieties for the Early Garden Asparagus--Mary Washington, Waltham Washington, Viking. Beets--Firechief, Detroit Dark Red strains, Ruby Queen, Burpee

Golden (yellow), Cylindra. Broccoli--Walthan 29 (fall), DiCicco, Green Comet, Premium Crop,

Bravo (fall). Cabbage--Early, Golden Acre Yellow Resistant, Stonehead, Early

Jersey Wakefield, Sun-up, Jersey Queen (Y.R.), Market Victor (Y.R.), King Cole (Y.R.).

Carrots--Nantes (Touchon), Danvers Half Long, Imperator, Gold Pak, Red Cored Chantenay strains, Pioneer.

Chard, Swiss--Lucullus (green ribbed), Rhubarb (pink ribbed), Fordhook Giant (white ribbed).

Collards--Vates (improved Georgia type), Georgia or Southern. Kale--Dwarf Blue Curled, Dwarf Green Scotch Curled, Dwarf

Siberian, Vates.

APRIL Kohlrabi--Early White Vienna, Purple Vienna, Grand Duke. Lettuce--Leaf, Salad Bowl, Grand Rapids, Black Seeded Simpson,

Slobolt, Oak Leaf, Matchless (Deer Tongue), Ruby, Green Ice. Butterhead, Bibb, Buttercrunch, Swnmer Bibb, Tania. Romaine, Parris Island. Crisp Head, Mesa 659 (fall), Premier Great Lakes, Fulton, Ithaca.

Ouion--Green or Bunching, White Portugal, Beltsville Bunching, Ebenezer, Yellow Globe strains, Japanese Bunching, Tokyo Long White. Dry storage, Ebenezer, Yellow Globe strains, Elite, Buccaneer, Abundance, Spartan Banner. Sweet (use plants only), White or Yellow Sweet Spanish, Bermuda.

Parsley--Perfection, Extra Curled Dwarf, Banquet. Paraaips--Hollow Crown, Harris' Model, All-America. Peas--Shelling, Little Marvel, Thomas Laxton, Wanda (heat resis-

tant), Free:rnr.ian, Frosty, Alderman (tall growing), Greater Progress. Edible Pod, Dwarf Gray Sugar, Mammoth Melting Sugar. Snap Pod (trellis required), Sugar, Sugar F~e.

Potato--Early, Irish Cobbler, Norland (Red). Radish--Spring, White Icicle, Red Prince, Scarlet Knight, Champion,

Faricy Red, Cherry Belle, Winter, Round Black Spanish, Wl~i te Chinese or Celestial.

Rhubarb--McDonal<l, Victoria, Canada Red, Valentine. Salsify-·-Mammoth Sandwich Island. Spinach--Lcng Standing Bloomsdale, American, Viking, Winter

Bloomsdale, Melody.

Fertilizer Analysis In general, complete fertilizers have greatest use in the home

garden and landscape. Complete fertilizers contain nitrogen, phosphorus (phosphoric acid) and potassium (potash) in the fertilizer.

A 6-24-12 fertilizer contains 6 pounds of nitrogen, 24 pounds of phosphorus as P20S and 12 pounds of potassium as K2o in each 100 pounds of the fertilizer.

Useful fertilizer analyses for home gardeners are 8-16-16, 12-12-12, 15-15-15 and 6-24-24.

~void using fertilizers containing broadleaf weed killers in the vegetable _fil!!:..ci_en or fruit planting.

Quantity of Insecticides, Miticides, and fungicides to Use in Preparing Sprays

Amounts to Add in Water to Make:

Material 100 gals. 10 a:•ls. 1111.

captan 50% WP (fungicide) 2 lbs. 3 ozs. 2 Tbsp.

Benlate 50% WP (fungicide) apples only 2-3 ozs. 2 Tbsps. 1/4 Tbsp. all other crops 12 ozs. l oz. ¥i Tbsp.

carbaryl (Sevin) 50% WP (insecticide) 2 lbs. 3 ozs. 2 Tbsp.

diazinon (Oiazinon) 25% EC 1 qt. 6 Tbsp. 2 tsp. or (Kelthanel 18.5% EC (miticidel I qt. 6 Tbsp. 2 tsp.

dicofol (Kelthane) 35% WP I lb. 2 ozs 1 Tbsp

Dormant oil lmiticide and insecticide) 2 gals. l Qt. 5 Tbsp

Ferbam 767c WP (funcide) 2 lbs. 3 ozs. 2 Tbsp.

lmidan 50% WP (msecticide) l lb. 2 ozs. l Tbsp

Lime-sulfur, dry {fungicide) 25 lbs. 21n lbs. 8 Tbsp.

Lime-sulfur, liquid (fungicide) 10 gals l g.31. ll/2 Cups

lmdane 20% £C l qi. 13 Tbsp. 4 tsp.

malathion 57'7c EC (miticide and insectide) 11/2 pts. 2.4 ozs. -'l:ilbsp.

malathion 25'7r WP 3 lbs. 5 ozs. 3 Tbsp.

methoxychlor 50% (insectictdeJ 2 lbs. 4 ozs. 2 Tbsp.

Tbsp. = tablespoon, tsp. = teaspoon, lb. = pound, gal. = gallon, oz. = ounce. qt. = quart. pt. = pint. Use level Tbsp. or tsp.

Approximate Amount of Spray Required for Fruit Trees of Different Sizes

Height in feet Spread in feet Gallons per tree per apphcation•

---~--

4 3 up to 1 5 to 8 3 to 6 1 to l'h 8 to IO 4 toB 2to3

10 to 15 8 to 15 3 to 6 15 to 20 15 to 25 5 to 10

•use the greater amounts for trees in full .foliage.

APRIL

SUNDAY

EASTER

7

14

21


MONDAY

Apply pre-emergent herbicides for crabgrass control.

TUESDAY

Finish pruning fruit trees, grapevines, raspberries and roses.

WEDNESDAY

Fertilize woody 3 plants in the fruit planting and landscape.

Start tomato plantt: frol'l seed.

~~~~~~~~--------Begin mowing lawn when grass is about 3 inches high. Set mower to cut 2 to 2\: inches hi?,h.

As the days get brighter, it is a good time to fertilize foliage plants in the home.

8

15

Start tuberous begonias and caladium indoors. Start sweet potato plants by bedding roots.

9 If you plan to use pre-emergence crabgrass control materials, don't wait too much longer to apply them.

Sow seeds of tender lSI Begin spraying or 17 annual flowers like dusting roses as phlox, cosmos, hybrid soon as new growth petunias, marigolds appears and apply and zinnias in the pest controls cold frame. regularly thereafter.

THURSDAY

Plant early cabbage 4 and broccoli plants into garden. Check ventilation of greenhouse coldf rames and hot beds regularly on sunny days.

Make second planting of early vegetables like beets, carrots, leaf lettuce and radishes.

Unwancea fruit from landscape trees can be prevented when plants are in full bloom. Contact local Extension offices for the Home, Yard & Garden fact sheet on this topic.

22 23 24: 25 Plant hardy perennials such as day lilies, delphiniums, painted daisies and perennial phlox.

Protect well developed strawberry buds from frost injury by applying straw mulch when freez.ing temperatures are forecast.

Thin early seedecl root and leaf crops

Prevent iron defi-ciency chlorosis in pin oak by treating with soluble iron containing materials available from local garden centers.

FRIDAY

5 Plan before you plant: Are canning or freezing recommendations available for the vegetables you've selected?

Set fruit plants of all types as weather and soil conditions permit. (See Bulletin 591.)

12

19

26 Unwanted fruit from landscape plants must be prevented while plants are in full bloom.

28 29 Use extra canned fruit to puree and dry to make fruit leather.

30 Peel and grind horse-radish outside. Combine 1 cup grated horseradish with ~ cup vinegar. Cover and refrigerate. Canning or freezing is not recommended.

DATE OF RECO.M}lliNDED PRACTICE OR ACTIVI'I'Y NAY VARY A FEW DAYS


I

SATURDAY

6 Follow fruit tree spray schedule according to stages of bud development. Use Extension Leaflet 1 as a guide.

Plant trees, shrubs, vines and ground covers as weather and soil conditions permit.

13

20 USDA now recommends that all fruits, jellied products and pickles be processed in a boiling wat.er bath. Steam canners are not an acceptable substitute.

27 Get freezing and canning procedures now from your county Extension office. Discard out-of-date reference materials.

Mulch bramble plantings.

Setting Strawberry Plants l tr

TOO SHALLOW PROPER DEPTH TOO DEEP

Characteristics of Quality Transplants Plants with short, stocky conformation; broad, dark green, fully

expanded leaves; extensive white root ~ystem; no buds or flovers; and free of insect and disease problems.

Removal of Spent Blooms and Flower Stalks Production of fruit and seed exhausts plants of their vigor and uses

up plant nutrients, To help maintain plant vigor, remove spent flowers from annuals and perennial plants in the garden. Remove rhubarb seed stalks as they appear. This will help promote vegetative growth of the plants.

Weed Control in the Garden Mulches such as black plastic film, clean straw, sawdust, or peat

moss, properly applied, are most valuable in weed control. To control weeds with cultivation, space rows far enough apart to allow mechanical cultivation with garden tractor or tiller. Power equipment greatly reduces the drudgery of weed removal. Weeds are easier to remove and control when they are small.

Prune Flowering Shrubs After Bloom To retain flower buds for the next sprin~, prune spring flowering

shrubs shortly after flowering. These plants include Forsythia, Common Flowering Quince, Mockorange, and Lilac.

Basically, deciduous shrubs should be pruned by thinning out rather than heading back. Thinning is done by cutting off branches where they attach to the main stem.

-Lawn Mower Safety Most lawn mower injuries involve direct contact with the mower

blade, which travels between 100 and 180 miles per hour and can easily cut feet or hands. To reduce the chance of an accident, heed these suggestions: 1) Know your mower. Read the owner's manual carefully. Follow maintenance and operating instructions explicitly. 2) Walk over the lawn before mowing to spot dangerous areas. Pick up debris that might be thrown by the blade. 3) Wear safety shoes and clothing that fits properly. 4) Shut off the mower before servicing, making adjustments or unclogging.

See Home, Yard and Garden fact sheet #6003 for details.

Vegetable Varieties for the Summer Garden ~--Bush Green, Stringless Green Pod, Tendergreen Types,

Tendercrop, Provider, Romano, Bountiful, Bush Blue Lake, Strike. Bush Wax, Cherokee Wax, Kidney Wax (Brittle Wax), King Horn Wax, Earliwax, Sungold. Bush, Purple Podded, Royal Burgandy, Royalty. Pole Green, Kentucky Wonder (white seeded strains), Blue Lake,

MAY Romano, Dade. Pole Wax, Kentucky Wonder Wax. Pole Lima, Iang of the Garden, Burpee' s Best (Challenger). Bush Lima, Fordhook, Baby Fordhook, Fordhook 242, Bridgeton. Half-Runner, WhiLe Half-Runner. Green Shell, French Horticultural. Dry or Navy, Michelite, White Kidney. Edible Soybean, Kanrich, Prize, Giant Green Soy, Frostbeater.

Brussels Sprouts--Long Island Improved, Jade Cross Hybrid. Cabbage--Midseason, Marion Market, Market Prize, Roundup,

Gourmet. Late, Danish Ballhead, Wisconsin All Seasons, Little Rock Globe TBR. Red, Ruby Ball, Red Acre, Mammot.h Red Rock. Savoy, Savoy King, Savoy Ace Hybrid, Vanguard. Flat, Flat Dutch.

Cauliflower--Snowball Types, Early Purple Snow Crown (spring), Imperial 10-6 (fall).

Celery--Clear Cut, Summer Pascal, Utah 52-70, Green LighL (fall only), Florida 683.

Corn, Sweet--Early and Medium Early, Earliking, Spring Gold, Sundance, Aztec. Hidseason, Gold Cup, Seneca Chief, NK-199, Jubilee, Merit. Late, Honeycross, Iochief, Silver Queen (whit.e). Mixed White and Yellow Kernels, Honey and Cream, Butter and Sugar, Gleam and Gold, Sprite, Sweet Sue, Sweet Sal. Super Sweets, Sweet corn types Super Sweet and ADX (gene combination) must be isolated from all other types of sweet corn and from each other. Pollen from other types will make their kernels starchy and no different from field corn. Examples are Sugar Loaf, Florida Staysweet.

Cucumber--Slicing, Burpee Hybrid, Harketmore 76, Gemini, Tablegreen, Victory, Burpless No. 26, Sweet Slice, Pacer, Slicemaster. Pickling, National Pickling, Wisconsin SMR 18, Pioneer, Premier, County Fair, Carolina, Calypso.

Eggplant--Black Beauty, Burpee Hybrid, Black Hagie, Classic, Dusty, Ichiban.

Muskmelon--Burpee Hybrid, Gold Star, Saticoy Hybrid, Iroquois, Delicious 51, Harvest Queen, Harper Hybrid, Early Dawn, Superstar, Ambrosia (Crenshaw Type).

Pepper--Green (mild), California Wonder, Yolo Wonder stt"ains, Calwonder, Keystone Resistant Giant, Midway, Staddon Select, Canape, Bell Boy Hybrid, Emerald Giant, Lady Bell, Hybelle. Yellow (mild), Golden Calwonder, Gypsy. Banana Type, Sweet Banana. ~ype, Hungarian Wax, Long Cayenne, Large Red Cherry, Hot Portugal, Jalapeno. Pimiento, Silll.nybrook, Early Pimiento. Sweet Cherry Type, Sweet Cherry.

Potato--Hidseason, Superior. Late, Katahdin, Sabago, Kennebec, Red Pontiac.

Tomato-··Early, Fantastic, Moreton Hybrid (V), Campbell 1327 (D) (VF), Jet Star (VF), Pik-Red (D) (VF), Freedom (D) (VF). Midseason Marglobe (F), Heinz 1439 (D) (VF), Heinz 1350 (D) (VF), Better Boy' (VFN), Burpee VF (VF), Roma VF (D) (paste type) (VF), Floramerica (VF), Super Fantastic (D) (VFN). Late, Rutgers (F), Heinz 1370 (D) (F), Supersonic B (VF), Ramapo (VF), Traveler (F), Super Steak (D) (VFN). Yellow, Golden Jubilee, Sunray (F). Suitable for Cage Culture, Jet Star (VF), Fantastic, Burpee VF (VF), Heinz 1350 (D) (VF), Pik-Red (D) (VF), Freedom (D) (VF), Super Fantastic (D) (VFN). Medium to Small Fruited, Small Red Cherry, Large Red Cherry, Red Pear, Yellow Pear, Small Fry, Sweet 100. Dwarf Vine with Small Fruit, Tiny Tim, Presto.

MAY SUNDAY

12

19

26


MONDAY

Leaf lettuce harvest time. Remove spent blooms or developing seed pods from tulips, daffodils and hyacinths. Do not remove the green leaves.

Green onion harvest time.

13

Blanching is necessary for all vegetables except green peppers. Do not skin this step or you'll be disappointed in the riuality of your vegetables next winter.

Remove flowers from newly established strawberry plants.

Identify a PickYour-Ov:n source of strawberries.

27

TUESDAY

Rhubarb in season 7 now until about June 15. Freeze l" pieces of rhubarb on tr;iys, then package unsweetened. Or, blanch 1 min.; pack using 1 lb. sugar to 4 lb. rhubarb.

Seed cabbage for fall crop.

14

Move fall garden celery transplants to colri frame. Plant more gladiolus

corms.

Plant bush and pole 21

lima beans, pumpkin, watermelon and sweet potato.

Inspect your lawn frequently to detect any developing problems.

28

WEDNESDAY

Set strawberry plants as soon as possible for best results It is best to plant them in April.

Plant sweet corn.

1

Remove rhubarb seed- 8 stalks from plants as soon as they appear.

Consider planting an ornamental vegetable garden this year.

THURSDAY 2

Meat & vegetables (except tomatoes) rnusl be pressure-canned. Have gauge checked at county Extension office. Replace gauge if off by more than one pound.

9 Prune early flowering shrubs such as Forsythia and flowerin quince when they have finished blooming.

15 For best removal of 16 Control rose insects soil and pesticides, and diseases vith a wash produce with l tsp. regular spraying or dish detergent per gal. dusting program. Apply of water. Lift leaves controls everv 7 to 10 from water, leaving soil days. behind. Rinse several

times in cold water.

22

29 Plant bush and pole beans, muskmelon, late potatoes, eggplant, pepper and tomatoes. Set cucumber transplants.

23 Plant an outdoor herb garden. Select from basil, chives, dill, lemon balm, mint, rosemary, sage, savory and other annual, biennial and perennial herbs.

30 For pest control in the vegetable garden, consult Extension Bul. 498 "Horne Vegetable r;ar den Insect Control."

'1E)lORL\L DAY

DATE OF RECONc!ENDED PHACTICE OR ACTT\'lTY :LA.Y \',\RY A FEii DAYS

For Additional Information, Contact

FRIDAY

Continue fruit tree spray schedule.

Plant gladiolus corms.

Move tomato plants to cold frame.

To prevent offflavors, blanch asparagus before freezing. Immerse medium spears in boiling water for 3 minutes, cool and freeze.

17 Fill planters with geraniums, petunias and other annual flowers. Plant canna and dahlia tubers.

24 Plant chrysanthemums 2nd flowering annual transplants such as ageratum, alyssum, celosia, marigold, petunia, snapdragon, salvia and zinnia.

31 Pinch chrysanthe;nurn plants back monthly until July 15 to obtain £ull, bushy plants. Fertilize monthly through September.

Your Countv Extension Agent, The Cooperative Extenslon Service

SATURDAY 4

Sow cucumber and melon seed in containers for outdoor planting in mid-May. Asparagus in supply f rorn now to about June 15.

Freezer quit? Cook thawed ground meats and refreeze Refreeze roasts and vegetables if ice crystals are still present If not, use right away.

11

18

25 Control garden plant insects and diseases with a regular spraying or dusting program.

Mulches of Great Value in the Garden and Landscape Soil applications of materials such as seed-free straw, ~rass

clippings, peat moss, newspaper, sawdust and plastic film conserve soil moisture, aid in weed control, maintain a more unifo:cr.i soil temperature, reduce rot and mud splashing on fruit, aid in reducing blossom drop, blossom end rot and leaf roll of tomatoes by maintaining a more uniform soil moisture supply.

Apply organic mulches on most established ornamental plants in mid-spring when the soil has ><armed enough for active root growth. Apply organic mulches to flowers and vegetables after they are fully established and growing well. For best results, apply mulches at least 2 to 4 inches deep around the plants over cleanly cultivated soil. Avoid covering crowns of very low growing plants.

JUNE

Vine Crop Blossom Drop The flowering habit of the vine crops is such that the first flowers

forming on the vines or "runners" are staminate or pollen-bearing flowers. Such flowers have no potential to bear fruit and thus wither and drop off the plants. Subsequent flowers are both pollen-bearing and pistillate or fruit-bearing. Upon pollination and fertilization, the pistillate flowers bear the crop. Insect pollination is important in getting good crops from plants having this type of flowering habit.

Common Problems in Container Gardening

Problem

Plants will although obtaining enough water

Leaf edges die or "bum" turning dry and brittle

Plants "leggy", spindly and unproductive

Cause

Insufficient drainage and aeration

High salt content

Not enough light

Too much nitrogen

What to do

Use lighter soil mix, increase number of dramage holes, use mix with higher percent of organic matter ____ _

At regular intervals, leach container by watering until water drains from drainage holes _____ _

Relocate plant to area receiving more light

Apply fertilizer less often and allow water to drain

_____________________ through

Plants yellowing from bottom, lack vigor, poor color

Too much water

Not fertile enough

--------------------·--Plant leaves with spots, dead dried areas, or powdery or rusty areas

Grown at temperature that is too low

Low phospate level

Insect damage Leaves with small holes or thal are distorted in shape --'------- --------- -----------------

Plant leaves with spots, dead dried areas, or powdery or rusty areas

Plant diseases

Water less frequently and check for good drainage

Use fertilizer with higher levels of nutrients

Move container to a warmer area

Increase phosphate in base solution used for fertilizing

--·--------------.-----

Use insecticides suited to the type of insect causing the problem

_. ____ ----------

Remove diseased portion of plant and use fungicide. If problem 1s severe, discard entire plant

Fruit Protection f rqm Birds Fruits such as blueberries, cherries, grapes and strawberries are

particularly attractive to birds. Substantial losses of these fruits may result if the fruit is not protected from the birds.

Gardeners use scarecrows, fluttering aluminum pans, and various scare devices with varying degrees of success. In many cases, the most effective protection for ripening fruit is use of physical barriers such as a vinyl netting. Such nettings are available from various garden supply centers and are frequently described in equipment and supply sections of garden and nursery catalogs.

If properly cared for, the investment in netting can be spread over several years.

Cross Pollination in Vine Crops? Cucumbers, muskmelons, pumpkins and squash do have similar growth

habits but are different genetically so that they do not cross pollinate. However, different varieties of muskmelon, cucumber, pumpkin and squash can and do cross pollinate and differences in plant and fruit characteristics could be expected if seeds were saved from the mature fruit to grow the next year's crop.

Ohio Poison Information Centers

The i}Oison informaUon centers are listed below. Be sure your doctor has this list and the "note to physicians" that comes on dangerous pesticide labels. Your doctor should know in advance what dangerous pesticides you plan to use so he can relay the right chemical name to the poison information center in case of emergency. Treatment for pesticide poisoning is very exacting. In an emergency, you could call the poison information center, but it is preferab}e to let your doctor consult the center in order to avoid mistakes. AKRON: 44308

Akron Regional Poison Control Center Children's Hospital PHONE: 216-379-8562 or 1-800-362·9922 (Toll Free)

CANTON: 44710 Aultman Hospital, 2600 6th St., SW PHONE: 216-452-9911 {Poison Cont10I Center)

CINCINNATh 45267 Drug & Poison Information Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center. Room 7701, Bridge, 231 Bethesda Ave. PHONE: 513-872-511]

CLEVELAND: 44106 Cleveland Academy of Medicine, 11001 Cedar Rd. PHONE: 216-231-4455 (emergency +>

216-231-3500 (office +> COLUMBUS: 43205

Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive PHONE: 614-228-1323

Pruning and Suckering Tomatoes

DAYTON: 45404 Children's Medical Center, 1735 Chapel St. PHONE: 513--222-2227

LORAIN: 44053 Lorain Community Hospitaf, 3700 Kolbe Rd. PHONE: 216-282-2220

MANSFIELD: 44903 Mansfield General Hospital, 335 Glessner Avenue PHONE: 419-~·3411, Ext. 545

SPRINGFIELD: 45502 The Community Hospital, E. High St. and Burnett Rd. Pt!ONE: 513-325--0531

TOLEDO: 43614 Medical College Hospital, 3000 Arlington Avenue PHONE; 419--381-3897

YOUNGSTOWN: 44505 St. Elizabeth Hospital, 1044 Belmont Avenue PHONE: 216-746-22-'2, Ext. 554

ZANESVILLE: 43701 Bethesda Hospital Poison Information Center, 2951 Maple Ave. PHONE: 614-454-4221

For emergency consultation, physicians or hospital representatives may also call U. S. Environmental Prntection Agency, 4770 Bulford Highway, Chamblee, Georgia 30341. PHONE: Office 404-633. 3311, Ext. 5211.

When growing tomatoes on stakes, "suckers" (stems between the main stem and leaf) should be removed when 1-lJ, inches long. If these stems are not removed, the plants will develop into large bushes nullifying the benefits of staking.

If all "suckers" are removed from the plants, they will develop as single stem plants. If the first "sucker" below the first flower cluster is allowed to develop, a double rntemmed plant will result.

Single stem plants produce earlier but are less productive than double stemmed plants.

Summer Topping Black Raspberry Plants Summer top black raspberry plants by removing the top 3-4 inches

of the growing shoots when they are 24 inches high. Do not summer top red raspberry plants.

JUNE

SUNDAY

2

16


MONDAY

3 Freezer jams require less cooking and have a fresh taste but tend to be soft. Jams using gelatin should be stored in the freezer or ref rigerator to prevent mold.

10 Check Pick-Your-Own strawberry sources as this is about the peak of the harvest season.

TUESDAY WEDNESDAY

MULCH

4 Apply mulches to 5 Plant more gladiolus for a succession of bloom. Protect ripening strawberries from birds. Cabbage harvest begins.

11 Sod webworm and chinch bug control may be necessary in the lawn. Apply control materials now, if not already done.

roses and well established vegetables, annuals and perennials.

Prevent black spot disease of roses with regular fungicide applications.

12 Check fruit trees for excessive loads of fruit. Hand thinning or branch propping may be necessaryc

THURSDAY

Remove spent rose blooms. Fertilize roses.

6

Mow grass on a regular basis, allowing no more than 1 to lY, inches new growth.

Balled aP-d burlapped 13 or container nursery stock can still be planted with success.

Broccoli harvest t:Une.

17 18 19 If the garden soil 20 Make another planting Fertilize perennial of carrots. Garden flowers. Use a com- is beginning to dry pea harvest time until plete fertilizer like out, supplemental July 1. 5 lo lo 3 d P 1 . b. watering will be nee-

- - at poun s rune c im ing roses essary to keep plants f per 100 square feet of after they have

Remove lowers from growing. Mulch can ne~ly established reduce frequency of

and aging canes. strawberry plants. irrigation.

FRIDAY

Keep weeds controlled in garden. As leaves of flowering bulb plants such as tulip turn yellow, remove them and fill space with annual flowers.

7

14 Control insects and diseases in the flower and vegetable gardens with a regular spraying or dusting program (every 7-10 days).

SATURDAY

Seed cabbage, 1 brussels sprouts and cauliflower for fall garden transplants.

Remove yellowed, wilted tops of spring flowering bulbs

8 Pinch established chrysanthemums to reduce height and form a lower, stocky plant. There is still time to plant bush lima beans.

15 After delphiniums have bloomed, cut off the blooms and fertilize the plantsc

Red tart cherry harvest begins.

Strawberry harvest essentially over or drawing to a close.

21 Long, hot days of 22 summer result in seedstalk development in radish, spinach and lettuce plants. Remove these from the garden and replace with other vegetables.

bed area. bloomed. Remove dead ~

~~--~---2-31---------~--2-4+-~--------2-5-+---------~-26-+------------2~7~ . ---28;-----~-----2-9 After harvest Make last planting Sugar protects the

f M k USDA recommends using season, asparagus and 0 sweet corn. a e texture and flavor of

t · · h two-piece lids and wat-rhubarb growth can your en ries in t e frozen fruits. Unless · s F · er bath processing for be stimulated by a various tate air you're sure you'll

h 'b' 1 all preserves. Steri-nitrogen fertilizer ex i it c asses. like the results, re- lize jars by placing in side dressing. duce, not omit, sugar b il' 15 o in13 water min.

if you desire less before filling. sweetening.

30

Support rapidly growing grape vines by loosely tying them to the trellis with soft twine or plastic ties.

Soak broccoli and cauliflower 30 min. in 4 tsp. salt to 1 gal. cold water to remove bugs. Break into 1-in. pieces. Steam blanch 5 min. Freeze.

Supplemental Watering Hot, drying winds of July can deplete soil moisture in flower

and vegetable gardens quickly. Some soil moisture is lost by direct evaporation from the soil surface. Moisture in deeper levels of the soil is absorbed by plant roots, moved into the stem and leaves and then lost through tiny openings in the plants leaves.

As the soil becomes drier, plant growth slows down and may stop completely. In the case of vegetables such as tomatoes, lettuce and peppers, abnormalities may develop. Crop quality is lost by either interruption in growth or by defects associated with variations in soil moisture supply.

Problems associated with lack of soil moisture may be avoided with irrigation, During dry period~. apply water to thoroughly wet the soil to a depth of 6 inches. Apply once each week and remember that frequent light sprinklings are of very little value and may do more harm than good. Overwatering can be damaging to plant root systems. Soggy soils deprive root systems of the air necessary for healthy growth and leads to root decay.

Soil mulches can reduce the frequency of needed irrigation during dry periods.

Common Gnrden Insects

Maggot

~ Cutworm

·European Corn Borer

Chrysanthemum Pinching

Striped Cucumber

Cabbageworm Wireworm

Most chrysanthemums need to be pinched 2 or 3 times during the growing season. Pinching consists of removing about an inch of the tip of each branch or shoot by snapping it out with the thumb and index finger. Make the first pinch when the plant is about 6 to 8 inches tall. After the branched stems grow to 6 inches in length, again pinch the tips. Unless plants are pinched, they grow tall and spindly, are easily blown over and produce few flowers.

Harvesting Fresh Fruit in July Raspberries~Ripe raspberries are of full color and easily sepa

rate from the receptacle or center part of the fruit. Harvest frequently, as berries continue to ripen over a period of sever~l days. Pick the berries by gently lifting them with the thumb and fingers.

High quality fruit are firm and of a bright, clean appearance without attached caps. Fruitlets should be plump and juicy but not mushy. Berries should be of uniform color and ripeness.

JULY Blueberries--Blueberries ready for harvest should be dark blue in

color and easily removed from the cluster. Taste a few of the harvested berries. Continue harvesting if berries have the desired sweetness and flavor; if not, delay harvest for a day or two.

High quality blueberries are plump and firm with dark blue color and silvery bloom (waxy covering). Berries should be uniform in size.

Peaches--A good guide to correct timing of peach harvest is the ground color (under side). Harvest yellow fleshed varieties when the ground color is changing from green to yellow. Harvest white fleshed varieties when the ground color changes to white. Hatch the color change with a taste sample prior to harvesting many fruit.

Fragrant Plants for July Buttonbush, Honeysuckle, Roses, Littleleaf Linden.

Potato Seed Balls Those small, round, green fruit that sometimes form on potato

plants are not green tomatoes, They are actually fruit of the potato plant. As potatoes are in the same botanical family as tomatoes, the fruits of the two plants are similar in the immature stage. Potato seed balls are of no value to the home gardener and may or may not be removed from the plants.

Wilting Cucumber Plants Cucumber plants suddenly wilting and not recovering with watering

likely have bacterial wilt disease. There is no cure for this condition, as control is based on control of spotted and striped cucumber beetles. Pull the diseased plants and replace them with another crop such as snap beans.

Strawberry Row Development As strawberry plants send out runners, surface soil moisture is

necessary to help the daughter plants peg or root down into the soil. Supplemental watering can result in a better plant stand in a matted row.

Vegetable Greening Keep potato tubers, onion bulbs and carrot tops covered with soil

or mulch; otherwise they will develop an undesirable green color.

Prop Heavily Loaded Fruit Trees Limbs on heavily loaded fruit trees are beginning to sag as fruits

continue to develop. Such limbs could break under heavy fruit loads, particularly in high winds. Propping of the branches can help reduce this danger.

Watering Lawns When watering lawns, apply enough water to wet the soil thoroughly.

Avoid daily sprinklings as this encourages shallow root development. Water in time for the grass to dry off before nightiall.

Sweet Corn Smut Large, silvery gall-like swellings on sweet corn plants are

corn smut. The galls are filled with fungus spores which make up the black interior of the swellings. Some varieties are more resistant to smut than others. Greatest losses occur when the smut is on the ear.

References: U.S.D.A. list on back of calendar.

JULY SUNDAY

7

14

21

Activity dates are for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring planting dates will

be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

MONDAY

Make pickles within 1

a few hours of picking for maximum crispness and quality, Lime and alum are unnecessary. Use standard 5% vinegar; don't dilute"

8 Now is the time to renovate the strawberry planting. Mow off the plant tops above the crowns, narrow the rows to 6 to 8 inches and fertilize.

For best results, 15 use airtight, vaporproof containers or bag~ specified for freezing. Plastic freezer boxes are the most economical if reused several years.

22 Keep weeds out of flower and vegetable garden. Control weeds when small--easier than when they get large.

TUESDAY

Set new chrysanthemum 2

plants now. Give established plants a f inal pinching. Make final planting of gladiolus. Protect ripening fruit against loss.

Keep weeds out of flower and vegetable garden. View horticultural exhibits at local fair.

9

16

Red currant harvest time. Garden tomatoes available now to midSeptember.

Blanch shredded 23 zucchini 1 min. and freeze for use in breads, cookies, etc.

In canning lima beans, allow more headspace than normal for expansion.

WEDNESDAY THURSDAY

Red and black raspberry harvest season. Supplemental watering of garden plants may be necessary. Summer apple harvest season.

3 Keep newly planted 4 trees and shrubs well watered. Snap beans available now to early fall.

Early potato harvest begins.

Sweet cherry harvest season, Set late cabbage transplants in garden,.

Potato harvest now until October 15" Summer squash available now until September 15,

10

17

24 Harvest summer squash when small and tender. Maturing squash reduce vine vigor and decrease plant productivity.

INDEPENDENCE DAY

Hot filling is rec-11

ommended over raw packing--bacteria are killed, filling is easier and less air is trapped within the jar.

18 Avoid buckled lids and sealing failures. Twist ring bands on firmly but don't force or over-tighten.

25 Peach harvest begins.

FRIDAY

Prop branches of heavily loaded fruit trees.

5

12

19 Cucumber and sweet corn harvest abundant now until about September 15. Green and hot pepper harvest.

26 Keep the spent flowers removed from geraniums and annual flowers to help keep them productive. Prune sucker

SATURDAY

Stir mulch in rose 6 bed to improve aeration and water movement. Red tart cherry harvest time.

13 Make final planting of bush snap beans. Allow flowers on newly established everbearing strawberry plants to set fruit for the fall crop.

20 Early varieties of blueberries beginning to ripen. Raspberry harvest over or drawing to close.

27 Use a mixture of ripe and slightly unripe fruits for best quality jams and jellies Never double the rec-

growth and water sproute ipe; use fresh pectin. from apple trees.

28 29 Freeze foods quickly 30 31

for maximum quality and flavor. Place unfro zen packages in single layer with space between. Freeze only 2-3 lbs. per cubic foot of available freezer space.

Plant Chinese cabbage, endive, snap bean, kohlrabi, lettuce and radish for fall garden,



I

Conditioning Cut Flowers Conditioning or hardening cut flowers is essential to keeping

quality. Many flowers increase in size considerably during hardening. Immediately after cutting flowers from the garden, place the cut

stems in warm water. Use a sharp knife to make smooth, clean stem cuts. Hardening is particularly important when flowers are to be ex

hibited in competition. Such flowers should remain in 40-50 degree water for at least 24 hours.

The depth of the water in the container has little effect in the keeping quality of flowers. It is important, however, that the cut end of the stem remain under water. Changing water daily and keeping flowers in a cool place at night helps extend useful life and beauty.

Onion Harvest Onions are ready to harvest when the tops begin to yellow and fall

over. Harvest before the foliage dries down completely. After harvest, cure onions before storing. Curing consists of

placing the bulbs in a dry, well ventilated area where they can dry. When the onions are cured, the neck portion of the stem will be free of moisture.

Horticultural Exhibits at the Ohio State Fair Many excellent displays of flowers, fruits, vegetables and orna

mental plants are on exhibit in the agriculture building at fair time. These exhibits afford an excellent opportunity to learn more about the various types and varieties of horticultural products.

Blue Ribbon Winning Exhibits When judging fruit and vegetable exhibits, judges consider these

factors: (1) Uniformity of the specimens in size, color, shape and condition, (2) trueness to variety, (3) cleanliness, (4) freedom from defect, (5) maturity, (6) arrangement in the container, (7) size, and (8) color.

Tools, Equipment and Supplies for Preparing Vegetables for Exhibition

Item

Sharp knife Hand pruners Pail of water or water hose Clean, dry cloths (several) Vegetable brush Bushel basket Baskets or boxes Mews paper Rubber bands Folding table Shovel oi: fork Fair or show premium list Ruler Vegetable oil

Use

Harvesting and trimming vegetables Tr:imming vegetables Soaking and washing certain types of vegetables Wiping vegetables clean Cleaning vegetables Container to receive vegetable trimmings Containers for transporting prepared vegetable specimens Wrapping individual specimens to prevent injury in transport To hold certain specimens together as a bundle A convenient work bench Harvesting root, bulb and tuber crops Reference as the the number of specimens required, fair rules To determine size of specimens Waxing specimens such as eggplant

llote: Containers such as paper plates and shallow boxes for displaying the exhibits are often provided by the fair or show management. This information is usually included in the premium list.

AUGUST Poor Flavor in Muskmelons

Poor or off flavors in muskmelons can result from (1) a deficiency of soil boron, potassium or phosphorus which can lead to reduced sugar transport into the fruit, (2) cloudy and/or cool weather, resulting in reduced plant sugar production, (3) too much water and soil nitrogen, resulting in highly vegetative plants that do not accumulate sugars in the fruit,

Home Canning Safety The basic reason for home canning is

venting spoilage caused by microorganisms in safe canning is based on two factors: from re-entry of spoilage microorganisms.

to preserve food by preand/ or enzymes. Success sterilization and protection

Steam-Pressure Canner--For all common vegetables except tomatoes, use a steam-pressure canner. A temperature higher than that of boiling water is needed to process these low-acid foods safely, while retaining quality and nutrients.

Check pressure gauge, Only with an accurate pressure gauge will the processing temperatures be adequate to make food keep.

A weighted gauge must be thoroughly clean. Use a cloth strip or pipe cleaner to clean openings.

Check dial gauges, old or new, before the canning season, and also during the season if you use the canner often. Ask your county home economics agent, equipment dealer, or manufacturer about checking it.

Water-Bath Canners--For fruits, tomatoes and pickled vegetables use a boiling-water-bath canner. '

Commercially-available water-bath canners or any big metal container may be used as a boiling-water-bath canner, if it is deep enough that the water is well over the tops of jars and has space to boil freely. Allow 2 to 4 inches above jar tops for brisk boiling,

The canner must have a close-fitting cover and a wire or wooden rack.

Containers and lids: Be sure all jars, metal cans and closures are perfect, Discard any with cracks, chips, dents or rust; defects prevent air-tight seals.

12~~~~~~~~~ ..... Spoce for brisk

II boiling-l"or2" ~~~~~~~-110

Spoce for brisk boiling-1 1' or 2° 9

------------. ---·---·--- 8

7

Wash containers and closures in hot, soapy water, and rinse well. Metal lids with sealing compound may need boiling or holding in boiling water for a few minutes-follow the manufacturer's directions. Do not try to re-use self-sealing lids.

If you use rubber rings, have clean, new rings of the right size for the jars.

AUGUST

SUNDAY

Activity d.at:es are ror norma.t bedbUllb ..1..n veuLLd.L vu.Lu. upL...Lug p..1..d.UL.Lug UtlLeb w.LL.L

be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two t1eeks later for Northern Ohio.

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY

Blueberry harvest time all month, depending on variety. Freeze blueberries loose on tray, then package in plastic bags for easy measuring later

FRIDAY Supplemental watering 2 of flower and vegetable garden may be necessary.

4 5 Summer apple harvest continues, depending

6 Make last fertilizer 1 8 9 Don't miss the horticultural exhibits at the State Fair.

11 Use ripe, firm tom- 12 atoes for canning. Do not can overripe or diseased tomatoes. Add 1 tbsp. lemon juice per pint to assure adequate acid for water bath processing.

on variety.

Cut flowers should be available from garden.

Lima beans and eggplant now available.

13

18 Pepper harvest season, Freeze green peppers with or without blanch-

19 Everbearing straw- 20 berry harvest begins and extends until frost.

25 26 Check chrysanthemum plants for aphid infestation. Look for them at stem terminals and under the leaves. Chemical control may be necessary.

Freeze melon balls or cubes in light syrup, Serve partially thawed.

Use extra tomatoes 27 to make sauces, purees, catsup and juices. Add low-acid vegetables in recommended amounts only. Check with your Extension office for safe recipes.

application of season to rose plants. Asparagus fern growth can be encouraged by a nitrogen fertilizer application. Use 1 lb. of a fertilizer like 12-12-12 oer 50 ft. of row.

14 Control weeds in garden. Avoid letting them form seed heads.

Plum and pear harvest begins.

21

28 Freeze hot peppers-it 1 s safer and easier than canning. Diced peppers can be unthawed quickly and added to dishes.

Plant collards, kale and turnips for fall garden. Muskmelon harvest plentiful now. Apply insecticides

for chinch bug and sob webworm control within the next week

Now is good time to 15 Pick only an amount 16

that can be processed remove coarse, perennial grasses from lawn. If the lawn and garden soil hasn't been tested for the past 3 or 4 years consider a soil test.

22

within a few hours. Cool freshly harvested vegetables quickly to preserve flavor and quality. Get and read preserving directions before beginning.

23 Begin making plans for

reduced size and vigor improving the lawn by of blooms may be over- seeding or sodding, crowded and in need of i Oven dry most vegedividing. Divide afteu tables until brittle, the foliage and stems most fruits until

Garden lilies with

yellow and begin to leathery, using oven die back. temp of 140-16QDF

29 Avoid mold in applesauce by packing hot and water bath processing for 20 min.

30 Did you plant too much? ":fake notes on your garden plan for next year's reference. Donate extra produce to food banks, community homes and social services.


For Additional Information, Contact Your County Extension Agent, The Cooperative Extension

I

SATURDAY

Keep the weeds out of flower and vegetable garden. Dry onion harvest to October 15.

3

Peaches plentiful now to early

10

Septemberc

Watermelon harvest coming in.

17

Divide lilies-of-the valley now and transplant.

24 It is too late to control black rot in grapes nou. Control must begin in the early spring by using appropriate fungicides;

31

Establishing Lawns September is an excellent month to establish lawns by seeding or

sodding. To establish a new lawn from seed: (1) Rough grade the area to be seeded or sodded, allow settling to occur and re-grade where necessary. (2) Apply any lime and fertilizer according to soil test results. (3) Thoroughly prepare a seedbed by tilling or plowing and disking up to 6 inches deep. (4) Remove any rocks or debris. (5) Allow the freshly worked soil to settle, then apply starter fertilizer. Gently rake the fertilizer into the soil. (6) Seed using a high quality lawn seed. Follow directions on the seed package. Different grass varieties are required for shady areas than for sunny areas. (7) Rake or otherwise lightJ.y cover the seed. (8) Apply a mulch and water to start seed germination.

Harvesting Fruit Pears--Harvest pears before tree ripe. However, do not pick too

green or they will shrivel in storage and have a poor flavor. Helpful guides on the right time to harvest include color of the

fruit skin, corking of the lenticels, and general finish. Lenticels (small spots on the fruit surface) are white or green

on immature pears. When the lenticels become brown in color, the fruit can be picked to ripen satisfactorily off the tree. Pears ready for harvesting becone more rounded and develop a waxiness on the skin. Also, they separate easily from the tree spur with a slight upward twist.

High quality pears are firm and not overly soft. Color depends upon the variety.

Plums--It is difficult to detect bv color alone when a plum is ripe. The best guide to plum ripeness is to gently apply pressure to the fruit with the thumb and determine if the flesh is beginning to soften. If so, the fruit should be ready for consumption.

High quality plums are firm to slightly soft stage of ripeness. Color varies with the variety. With experience in matching skin color and firmness with taste and consistency, one can learn to select quality plums.

Grapes--Grapes change color long before they are fullv mature. Therefore, it is possible to pick the clusters before they have reached their peak in flavor, size and sweetness, if berry color alone is used as a guide to harvest. For best fruit quality, taste the grapes prior to harvest. If quality is satisfactory, harvest the fruit, otherwise wait a few days for optimum quality to develop.

High quality grapes are well colored, plump and firmly attached to the stem. White or green varieties should have fruit of a yellowish cast or straw color with a tinge of amber. Red varieties should have all berries of the cluster predominantly red.

Fertilizing Shrubs It is a good idea to fertilize shrubs at least once a year to

keep them healthy and growing. For deciduous shrubs, use a 5-10-5, 10-6-4, 8-8-8 or equivalent

analysis fertilizer at the rate of 2-4 pounds per 100 square feet of bed area; narrowleaf evergreen, 10-6-4, 5-10-5 or equivalent at rate of 2-4 pounds per 100 square feet or !2 to 1 pound per large shrub; and broadleaf evergreens, 5-10-5, 4-12-4 or other specially formulated broadleaf evergreen fertilizer at 2-4 pounds per 100 square feet of bed area. The amount may be split into 2 applications. Apply one in early spring and the second after flowering.

SEPTEMBER

spider

decorative anemone

Types of Chrysanthemums Single--Daisylike flowers, with one to five rows of long petals

radiating from a flat, central "eye"; nearly all varieties hardy. Pompon--Small, stiff, almost globular flowers; some hardy

varieties. Cushion--Sometimes called "azalea" mums; early flowering; grow

on low, bushy plants; nearly all varieties hardy. Anemone--Flowers like single mums but with a rounded crest of

deeper colored petals; nearly all varieties hardy. Decorative--Flowers "incurved" (close, regular petals curving

toward flower center), "incurving" (loose, irregular petals curving toward flower center), or "reflexed" (all petals curving away from flower center); many hardy varieties.

Spoon--Petals spoon shaped; some hardy varieties. Spider--Petals long and tubular with hooked ends; few hardy

varieties. Quill--Petals straight, long, and tubular; few hardy varieties.

Garden Cover Crops Garden soil can be protected by a winter crop such as rye or rye·

grass (or winter barley in southern Ohio). Rye is preferable for seedings made after September 15.

Cereal rye and barley are seeded at a rate of 1/3 pound per 100 square feet of garden area. Ryegrass is a suitable soil cover crop but should be seeded prior to September 15 for best results. Seed at a rate of 3 ounces per 100 square feet or ll2 to 2 pounds per 1000 square feet.

Cover crops may be seeded between the rows in September if the vegetables are not yet harvested.

Spaghetti Squash Spaghetti squash can be grown in the same way squash and

pumpkin are grown. Harvest time is 40 to 50 days after flower setting when the originally green skin has turned golden yellow. No peeling is required; the fruit is boiled whole for about 20 minutes, after which the fruit is cut in halves. The spaghettilike strands inside can be scooped out and eaten as spaghetti or as a salad.

SEPTEMBER Activity dates are for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring p~anting dates w111 be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

SUNDAY MONDAY 1 Remove spent flowers 2

from perennials to help keep plants vigorous. Sow fall garden spinach. Now is the best time to seed new lawn, Watermelon harvest now to frost.

LABOR DAY

8 For dry beans and 9 peas, allow pods to ripen on plant. Finish drying in warm, dry place" Shell and heat at 140°F 30 min. to kill insects, or freeze several days"

15 16

22

Bring in plants to be saved. Fibrous begonias, coleus and impatiens make good indoor potted plants.

Plant bulbs of snow drop (Galanthus) and star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum).

23

29 Serve hot spiced or JO chilled cider and freeze extra for winter enjoyment. Allow 20% headspace for expansion. Thaw completely and stir before serving.

TUESDAY

Balled and burlapped or container grown plants can be planted now.

3

WEDNESDAY

Apple, peach, plum, pear, everbearing strawberry and blueberry harvest season continues.

4

THURSDAY

5 Continue to mow grass at proper height until winter sets in.

Reseed bare spots in lawrL

FRIDAY

Thatch removal in the lawn may be necessary,

10 11 12

17 Overgrown or weak peony plants may need divided. Now is a good time to do this job.

24 Farm Science Review begins and continues through September 26.

Grape harvest begins. Fertilize roses with a complete fertilizer like 10-10-10 or 12-12-12; use at the rate of 2 pounds per 100 feet nf bed area.

Everbearing raspberries in season_

..6~~'Cl'.::-- Fertilize shrubs and

18 Prepare cool basement or other root cellar for storing turnips, cabbages, potatoes, carrots, beets and other vege-tables

Store leftover 25 flower and vegetable seed in cool, dry place,

Locate a source of firewood,

- perennials.

Make final fertilizer application on lawn. Dethatching lmm may be necessary. Apply broadleaf weed herbicides on lawns.

19

26

Establish a small grain cover crop on vegetable garden plot.

Get your spring flowering bulbs from lccal supply centers for fall planting.

Harvest green tomatoes before killing frost; they may be frozen, processed or allowed to ripen in a warm place for fresh use.

27



SATURDAY

Chrysanthemum plants in full blom1 can be set out this month.

iris rhizomes can

1

be lifted and divided.

Cauliflower harvest time (all month) .

14

Crucif erous vegetables--broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts--do not can well. Freeze your fall supply of these.

21 Allow gourds to remain on vine as long as possible so they mature and keep well

When shelves and 28 freezer are full, try drying ripe fruits an<l blanched vegetables in oven or dehydrator Keep pieces uniform; use ~-inch slices. Blanch vegetables first.

Apple Harvesting and Uses Apples increase in size with full color development. Ground

color becomes strawy yellow to creamy in color in red varieties. Yellow varieties develop a golden color upon ripening.

Consider pick-your-own apples at local orchards. Some commonly available apples and their uses are Wealthy, late

August, early September, sauces (fair for eating, salads and baking); Mcintosh, early September, eating and sauces; Jonathan, early October, eating, salads, sauces, baking and freezing; Red Delicious, early October, eating, fair for salads; Golden Delicious, midOctober, eating, salads, sauces, baking and freezing; Melrose, mid to late October, an excellent general purpose apple; Rome, late October, salads, sauces, baking and freezing.

Harvesting and Curing Gourds Harvest hard shelled and ornamental gourds when the stem begins

to dry and turn brown, or when the leaves start to die. After harvesting, gourds may be washed in warm, soapy water.

Rinse in a clear, warm water with a small amount of household disinfectant added.

Dry the gourds thoroughly and sort out poor specimens not likely to keep.

Cure the gourds by placing them on several layers of newspaper in a 70-80°F place where there is air circulation. Usually, this takes from 2 to 4 weeks, depending upon weather conditions and the size of the gourds.

A small hole drilled through the flower end of large, hard shell gourds can help speed the drying process. Gourds are dry when seeds rattle on shaking the gourd. Store cured gourds in a cool, dry place.

Harvesting and Storing Tomatoes The best tomatoes for storage are those harvested from healthy

vines. Only mature, green tomatoes will ripen properly in storage. Such tomatoes are greenish white on the blossom end or else they are showing a blush of pink color.

Place mature, green tomatoes in a tray or cardboard box one or two layers deep. Store them in a basement or other cool place.

In 65-70°F temperatures, the tomatoes will ripen in about 2 weeks. If temperatures are 50-55°F, fruit will ripen in about 4 weeks.

Harvesting and Storing Sweet Potatoes Roots will continue to grow until frost kills the vines. Yields

will not increase after frost, so roots should be dug promptly. Wet soils and soil temperatures below 50°F for several nights can lead to rapid root deterioration.

To store well, sweet potatoes must be free of bruises and well matured. Cure them after harvest for about 10 days in 30-85°F temperatures. Store roots at 55 to 60°F, as the roots are subject to chilling injury if stored below 50°F.

Selecting Shade Trees Now is a good time to plant shade trees in the landscape. Quality trees for the landscape include slower growing trees,

which develop a strong structural framework and desirable forn. When selecting shade trees for the landscape, consider ultimate

height, form, shade pattern, fall color, and freedom from insects and diseases.

OCTOBER Spring Flowering Bulbs

Flowering bulbs are useful in the landscape because they bloom at a time when few other plants are in bloom. They are also hardy and require a minimum of care.

For best results, plant flowering bulbs in groups to produce a mass of color. Following are bulb names, planting depth (inches), height plant will grow (inches), and bloom time: Anemone (Windflower), 2 inches; height, 5-12 inches; l1arch or April--Crocus, 2 inches; height, 4-5 inches; late February or early Narc~car1 (Grape Hyacinth), 3-4 inches; height, 6-8 inches; mid-April--Hyacinth, (Small bulbs) 3-l, inches, (large bulbs) 5-6 inches; height, 6-12 inches; April--Narcissus (Daffodil), 4-6 inches; height, 3-20 inches; March & April--Tulip, 4-6 inches; height, 3-36 inches; April & May.

Plant bulbs in a well-prepared and well-drained soil, preferably in a sunny location.

Without soil test results, apply llo-2 pounds of 5-10-10 or 8-16-16 or equivalent analysis fertilizer to each 100 square feet of bed area and work well into the top 8-12 inches of soil. One pound of fertilizer is about two rounded cupfuls.

Bulb setters or trowels are quite useful in planting bulbs.

TULIP PLANTING GUIDE Ve1y Early Sprmg lateSprmg

\Ot13f,e

D"''l!le t lte Bretdt-r

MINOR BULB PLANTING GUIDE

OCTOBER SUNDAY

Activity dates are for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring planting dates wiii be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

MONDAY

6 7 Plant tulip, daffo-dil, hyacinth bulbs and crocus corms (can be planted until ground freezes this fall).

13 14 Tops of cannas, dah-lias, sweet potatoes should be cut off at ground level after heavy frost and underground parts lifted before soil freezes.

20 Enjoy the beauty of 21 fall foliage. Harvest dry onions, sweet potatoes and potatoes Qefore ground freezes. Cure before storing.

27 28 Remove bands from canned foods before storing. Check periodically for spoilage, Store in a cool, <dry place for best quality.

TUESDAY

Harvest fall and win- 1 ter varieties of apple throughout the month. Pear harvest drawing to a close. Grape harvest continues through mid-October for later varieties.

Participate in a drive-it-yourself farm tour.

8

Check winter squash 15 and pumpkins. Cure for several days at warm temperatures, then store at dry, cool temperatures. These should store for several months.

22 Store popcorn in an airtight container to maintain "popability.'

29

WEDNESDAY

Transplant roses if necessary.

2

Caladiums, geraniums 9 and tuberous begonias to be brought inside should be dug before killing frost.

16 Keep leaves from accumulating and smothering newly seeded lawns.

23 Store tomato stakes, cages and garden hoses before winter freezing.

30 Make a jack-o-lantern for the children, Satisfactory varieties for making jack-a-lanterns include Spookie, Connecticut Field, Young Beauty, Howden Field and Spirit Hybrid.

THURSDAY

Plant killing frost 3

date varies from season to season. Be prepared from mid-September on to harvest frost-sensitive products.

Plant new plantings 10 of peony tubers. Lift, divide and replant older, thick clumps of peony.

17

24 Fertilize trees every year or every other year in the fall (Oct. to early Dec.).

Harvest brussels sprouts.

Roast pumpkin seeds in a single layer on cookie sheet at 325°F until light brown

31

FRIDAY

Harvest gourds when mature and before freezing temperatures. Cure and store in a dry, well-ventilated area

4

11

Harvest and dry wild nuts and fruits. Try a persimmonhickory nut pie!

Harvest gourds before 18

they freeze. Gourds must be well matured and dried to keep well.

Cut and remove dead chrysanthemum tops from the garden.

25

Allow asparagus fern to remain over winter.

SATURDAY

5 Watch for end of season specials on canning supplies.

Apples in good supply for a variety of uses this month.

12 Dig gladiolus corms when leaves turn yellow. Store in peat moss, sawdust or sand.

Enjoy cider now.

19 1iarvest pumpkins and winter squash" Store in a cool spot 6r cook, sieve and freeze. Can cubes only"

26 Rake and compost tree leaves and other suitable materials.

DATE OF RECOMMENDED PRACTICE OR ACTIVITY NAY VARY A FEW DAYS

Your County For Additional Information, Contact

Extension Agent, The Cooperative Exte~i~ ServiC'e

Mulching Strawberry Plants The strawberry planting should be mulched for winter protection.

Mulch protects plants froM severe cold and against heaving due to alternate freezing and thawing of soil.

The best mulching materials are clean, seed-free wheat or rye straw. Tree leaves and oat straw tend to pack and smother the plants. Coarser materials offer little protection.

Apply mulch 3 to 4 inches deep over the plant rows. A bale of straw covers approximately 30 to 40 feet of row.

Apply the mulch only after the planting has experienced several sharp freezes in the lower 20 1 s. In Ohio, this usually occurs between Thanksgiving and Christmas.

Garden Hose Storage Bring in the garden hose over winter. Once cold, plastic type

hoses are easily cracked or broken when coiled. Don't coil them outdoors; rather bring them inside and allow them to warm to room temperature before coiling.

Winter Protect Landscape Plants Mulching is a cultural practice very helpful in overwintering

many plants, both herbaceous and woody. Roses should be mulched after a hard freeze and when fully

dormant. Apply 4 to 5 inches of a quality mulch like peat moss, wood chips, or shredded bark over the crown of the plant. Collars may be used in conjunction with the mulching materials.

Some trees should be wrapped with tree wrapping to prevent winter sun scald or bark splitting. Wrap newly planted trees, tender trees, and those receiving heat from a sun reflecting surface.

Watering Woody Plants During dry fall weather, it is essential to thoroughly water

woody plants, particularly narrowleaf and broadleaf evergreens. This must be done before the ground freezes. This practice will provide an adequate soil moisture level for overwintering plants.

NOVEMBER

Advantages of Fall Soil Spading or Plowing 1. Freezing and thawing during the 'linter months helps improve

soil structure. 2. Soil in the fall is often in a good condition to work. 3. Earlier plantings can be made in the spring as fall spaded

soil is more readily worked to seedbed condition. Fall spading and plowing is best suited to soils where erosion

is not a hazard and to those soils not requiring organic matter build up from cover crop incorporation.

Planting Landscape Plants Fall is a good time to plant many kinds of landscape plants. The holes dug to acco!llI'loclate the plants should be large enough

to hold considerable backfill around the root ball. It is generally suggested that the hole be at least a foot larger across than the ball of soil surrounding the plant roots.

The hole should also be dug deep enough to accommodate considerable backfill below the soil ball. When planted, the top of the soil ball should be at or slightly above the ground level.

Hix organic matter and coarse sand or perlite with the backfill soil. A 2-1-1 soil mix is satisfactory.

vn1en planting, firm the backfill soil around the soil ball, filling the hole to within 2 or 3 inches from the top. Thoroughly water the plant. After the water has soaked into the soil, finish filling the planting hole. Form a saucer at the soil surface to hold water around the trunk or stems and apply a surf ace mulch to complete the planting operation.

Winterize Hanel and Power Sprayers Protect hand and power sprayers by thoroughly flushing the tanks

before winter storage. Drain the tanks and apply a thin coat of oil to parts likely to rust.

Compost and Composting A suggested procedure for compost layering is given in the follow

ing information. Some gardeners may want to adjust the procedure accord· ing to their requirements or individual preferences.

1. Collecting materials to be composted: Utilize available plant materials, avoiding diseased materials, fruit pits, bones, etc. The pili may be built over a period of time as materials become available.

2. Creating conditions for decomposition and a "balanced product": In building the pile or heap, apply materials to be composted in alternating layers as follows: First layer--plant residues, 6 to 12 inches thick; second layer--garden soil or sharp sand, about 1 inch thick; third layer--thin layer of nutrients or elements to promote decomposition. Commercial fertilizer or dehydrated animal manures may be used, A limestone additive is also desirable.

Moisten the three layers of material, but do not create a soggy condition by adding too much water too often.

Repeat the layering process until the heap is about 5 feet deep.

NOVEMBER

SUNDAY

3

10

17

24

MONDAY

4 Sow seed of hardy flowers such as calendula, larkspur and sweet peas.

Spade or plow if no erosion exists.

Use cider-turned-to vinegar for cooking but not for pickling canned foods. Acid content varies.

Mulch strawberry plants after several periods of cold ueather (20 to 25 degrees).

18

25

Activity dates are for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring pianting dates wi11 be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

1 Rake and compost leavee and other suitable

material~s.

,v

fJ/f/Jl)Jft)

SATURDAY

Plant dormant bare root roses.

2

Continue to cut grass at proper height as long as it is growing.

5 Spring flowering bulbs can be planted before the ground freezes.

6 7 Special preserves

Winter proof your canned food storage to prevent freezing

8 Does canned food g

12

Clean sprayers and oil lightly to prevent rusting.

19 Stake newly planted trees to protect them against winter winds.

Apply mulch to landscape plants to protect them during winter.

26

13 Clean up garden antl compost plant waterials that were not diseased before frost killed.

20 Bare root plants are best planted when dormant and temperatures are cool.

27

are thoughtful Christmas gifts. Plan some now. Remember to include suggestions for using.

14

Protect young fruit

Isn't it nice to have a freezer and pantry filled with your own food? Bon appetit.

trees from rodent injury by pulling straw mulch away from plant base and making hardwood cloth cylinder to place around the lowec trunk.

21

THANKSGIVING

28 After nuts have thoroughly dried, crack them and refrigerate or freeze nutmeats to delay rancidity.

Service and winterize power equipment such as lawn mower, tillers and power sprayers.

Bring in garden hoses for storage in warm area.



15

22

29

appear to be off-color or foaming? Are there off odors? "When in doubt, throw it out." Boil home canned foods at least 10 minutes (20 for squash)

16 Thoroughly water woody landscape plants (shrubs and trees) before the ground freeze< if fall has been dry.

23

JO

DECEMBER

Wood Ashes on Garden Soil The nutrient composition of unleached wood ashes will generally be

0 percent nitrogen, 1.0 to 2,0 percent phosphate (Pz05) and 4.0 to 10.0 percent potash (KzO). .

Wood ashes will add a minimum amount of P2o5 and K2o to soil~. However the major contribution of wood ashes is in the form of calcium carb~nate, which increases the need for more frequent monitoring of the soil pH. The addition of wood ashes to soils has a minimum effect on the soil's physical condition. Weathered wood ashes have practically no fertilizing or lining value.

Ice Covered Woody Plants If you try to remove ice from twigs and branches, you may cause

more damage than the ice itself. Allow the ice to remain until it melts with the return of warm temperatures.

Forcing Branches After bringing the branches in from outdoors, soak the woody

stems in cool water for several hours. After soaking, place stens in a container and add warm water to cover about 3 inches of the stem base. Additional water may be added later. Keep the container and branches in a 45-55 degree temperature, shaded and draft free area. When the buds begin to show color, move then to the desired area of the home, The time to bloom varies with the type of plant and the forcing temperature.

Evergreen Christmas Trees Evergreens making good Christmas trees include Scotch, White and

Austrian Pines, Douglas, Fraser or Balsam Firs and Norway Spruce. Trees may be purchased either live or cut for use as Christmas

trees. Live trees serving as Christmas trees must be carefully handled if they are to survive after being taken from the home and planted into the landscape. Such trees should not be allowed to dry out and should be planted as soon after Christmas as possible.

Handling the Cut Christmas Tree Keep the tree outdoors until you are ready to bring it in for

decorating. If temperatures are above freezing, it is a good practice to keep the base of the trunk in a pail of water. If there is snow on the ground, plunge the tree base into some deep snow.

Prior to placing the tree in the holder at decorating time, saw off about an inch of the butt of the trunk. This cut removes possible clotted resinous material that could keep the tree from taking in water.

Keep the tree holder reservoir filled with water to help keep the tree moist and green.

Protecting Evergreens Burlap wind and sun screens and antitranspirants can be benefical

in protecting evergreens against winter injury. Antitranspirants are obtained under various trade names at garden supply centers.

Season~ Greetings

Salt Substitutes on Sidewalks

Plants for Hinter Interest Red maple--Smooth gray bark and

red flower buds opening in late winter-early spring.

Allegany serviceberry--Smooth, gray bark.

River birch--Reddish-brown, peeling bark.

Gray dogwood--Smooth, gray stems, persistent red fruit pedicels. Redosier dogwood--Young stems are bright red, becoming more brilliant

toward spring. Winged euonymus--Winged

stems and twigs.

Coarse sand, wood ashes and saw dust are some materials that can be used on icy sidewalks to improve footing.

Salt used to melt ice on sidewalks can cause serious plant damage when washed off the walk into adjacent soil.

Maintaining Poinsettia Health The popular Christmas plant, poinsettia, is a native of Mexico.

The plant was introduced into the United States by Joel Poinsett. Proper0 care of the poinsettia includes keeping the plant in a

warm (65-70 F), sunny area and out of drafts.

Animal Injury to Fruit Trees Check fruit trees at soil level for signs of injury caused by

mice or rabbits. Wire collars around the trunks pushed a few inches into the ground will give soIIJe protection. Keep mulch pulled away from the trunks as such materials make rodent nests.

Humidity and House Plants Many house plants do poorly in low relative humidity. The humidity can be increased by grouping plants together, and

setting plants above a tray of moist gravel, sand or peat moss. Humidifiers can add much needed moisture into the home atmosphere, benefiting plants as well as the family, members.

DECEMBER SUNDAY MORDAY

1 Canned foods that 2 have accidentally frozen should be OK to use if seal is intact and can is not leaking,

8 9 Select a natural cut Christmas tree while the selection is good and keep it outdoors until time to decorate.

15 16

22

29

Keep poinsettia out of cold drafts, away from heat registers and where it can get as much light as possible.

Remember that salt 23 applied to sidewalks and driveways to melt ice can damage plants and lawns when washed onto the soil.

30

Planting dates are for normal seasons in Central Ohio. Spring planting dates will be two weeks earlier for Southern Ohio and two weeks later for Northern Ohio.

TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY

3 4 Purchase a live 5 If popcorn is too dry and doesn't pop well, add 2 tablespoons of water per pound of corn in a jar, shake and allow to stand for several days.

Mix dried fruits and nuts and give as gifts.

10 11 Evaluate canned food quality for improvement next year. Too soft pickles may be due to too much salt, too much heat or old cucumbers. Switch to a tested recipe.

17 Consider purchasing 18 tools, gloves, garden books and plant gift certificates as Christmas gifts for gardening friends

Christmas tree and have it delivered just before Christmas Prepare hole for plant-' ing before ground freezes.

12 Give dried herbs as a fragrant, thoughtful Christmas gift. One tsp. dried equals about 1 tbsp. fresh.

19

25 26 Make some zucchini bread for Santa and his helpers,

Enjoy home preserved food with family and friends.

31

Build or purchase a bird feeder this winter and provide birds an assortment of seeds.

DATE OF RECOMMENDED PRACTICE OF ACTIVITY MAY VARY A VEW DAYS


FRIDAY

CoNplete landscape mulching jobs to protect plants during winter.

6

Plants make good 13 Christmas gifts Poinsettia, chrysanthemum, Jerusalem cherry, cyclamen, gloxinia and kalanchoe are possible selections"

20 Keep the Christmas tree stand reservoir filled with water to prevent natural grown trees from excessive drying

27 Plant live Christmas tree as soon as possible after Christmas to increase survival chances

SATURDAY

Home-canned and frozen items make excellent "convenience foods" for holiday meals. Plan ahead to use them.

7

Think about the 14 money you saved preserving some of your own foods. Freezing is more expensive than canning, but more nutrients and fresh flavor are saved

Avoid over-watering 21 and overf ert ili zing houseplants.

Don't let dried 28

evergreen decorations become a fire hazard.

)( Merry Christmas

and Happy New Year

Plant

Ageratum .......... .

Babysbreath .•..•...•

Balsam .•.....•....•

Calendula .......... ·I Calliopsis .......... .

Candytuft, •..•...•..

China-aster •......... Cockscomb ........ .

Coleus ............. .

Cornflower ...•.....• Cosmos .•...........

Dahlia ............. .

Forget-me-not. •.....

Four-o'clock .... · · . · , Gaillardia .•.........

Globe-amaranth ..... , Impatiens ........... j

Larkspur ...•........

Lupine ..•.....•..... Marigold ........... ,

Morning-glory ....•. ,

Nasturtium •.......• · I

Characteristics of selected garden annuals

Height

Inches 6 to 20

12 to 18

20 to 28

14 to 18

18 to 24

9 to 12

12 to 24

16 to 40

Best use Remal"ks

Edging. . . . . . Tall varieties grown foe cut flowers. Good rock-garden plant. Pot and bring in house for winter bloom.

Borders. . . . . Source of cut flowers and plants for drying. Filler material in arrangements. Grows well on alkaline soils.

Bedding ..... Good window-garden plant. Will not tolerate wet or cold weather.

1 ..... do ...... .

I Bedding, edging.

Edging, bedding.

Bedding .. · .. . ..... do ...... .

Source of cut flowers; good window-garden plant.

Source of cut flowers. Blooms quick, lasts all summer.

Rock-garden plant. Filler. Select dwarf ones for bedding.

Source of cut flowers. Source of cut flowers and plants

for drying.

20 to 24 ..... do ....... Perennial grown for decorative foliage. Good plant for window gardens.

16 to 36 ....• do ...... . 30 to 48

18 to 40

8 to 12

20 to 24 12 to 18

18 to 24 10 to 12

18 to 48

18 to 24

6 to 30

See "Re-

Screen, bedding.

Bedding, edging.

Bedding, borders.

j Bedding.

1.·~~:'.·.-. : I Bedding .....

Screen ...... .

Borders .... . Bedding .... .

Screen ...... .

marks~~ I Bedding or

edging.

Source of cut flowers. Source of cut flowers. Back

ground. Source of cut flowers. Blooms

early. Source of cut flowers. Does not

withstand heat.

Source of cut flowers and plants for drying. Do.

Perennial grown as annual. Good plant for window gardens. Deep-shade plant.

Source of cut flowers and plants for drying. Make successive sowings for cut flowers.

Source of cut flowers. Source of cut flowers; good win

dow-garden plant. Vine; grows 8 to 12 feet tall.

Blooms 1 month after sowing. Needs well-drained soil.

Plant 11

------------,

Pansy .............. . I

Petunia ............ .

Phlox .............. .

Pink ............... .

Poppy ............. .

Portulaca .......... .

Rudbeckia ......... .

Salpiglossis ........ .

Scabiosa ........... .

Scarlet sage ........ .

Snapdragon ........ .

Spider plant. ....... .

Stock .............. .

Strawflower ........ .

Summer-cypress .... . Sunflower .......... . Sweet alyssum ...... .

-----------------------

Height j_Best :: ________ R_e_macks

! Inches

6 to 10 [· .... do ...... .

8 to 24

6 to 12

6 to 16

I Bedding .... .

I· .... do ...... .

Edging, borders.

Source of cut flowers. Pot plants after bloom, protect for overwinter. Replace with petunia for summer bloom.

Good plant for window gardens. Long blooming period.

\Vithstands heat. More compact than petunias.

Source of cm flowers.

12 to 16 Borders..... Source of cut flowers. Successive

6 to 9

20 to 24

24 to 30

Bedding, edging.

Borders, bedding.

Bedding .....

sowings. Good plant for rock gardens.

\Vithstands heat. Source of cut flowers. Heat

loving. Source of cut flowers. Does not

withstand heat. 18 to 36 Borders. . . . . Source of cut flowers. Remove

dead flowers. 14 to 36 Borders,

bedding. 10 to 36 Bedding .....

30 to 36 Borders, hedges.

24 to 30 Bedding .....

30 to 40 ..... do .......

30 to 36 Screen ...... . 48 to 84 ..... do ...... .

6 to 1 o Edging, borders.

Short varieties bloom early; tall varieties bloom late.

Source of cut flowers; good plant for window gardens (dwarf).

Long blooming period.

Source of cut flowers; good plant for window gardens. Overwinters in protected areas.

Source of cut flowers and plants for drying.

Grown for foliage. Source of cut flowers. Grow in well-drained soil. Damps

off easily. Neat and free flowering. Long blooming period.

Sweetpea . . . . . . . . . . . See "Remarks."

Screen ...... . Vine, grows 4 to 8 feet long. Source of cut flowers.

Verbena ........... .

Vinca .............. .

Zinnia ............. .

9 to 12 Bedding .....

15 to 18 ..... do ...... .

18 to 36 1

..... do ...... .

I

Source of cut flowers. Cover spots left by spring-flowering bulbs.

Perennial grown as annual. Good plant for window gardens.

Source of cut flowers. Endures heat. Foliage frequently mildews.

Planting and culture r1 1elected garde11 annuals

Plant Whea to plant seed

Ageratum.. . . . . . . . . . After last frost .......... .

Babysbreath.. . . . . . . Early spring or in summer.

f,,.posure

~enushack or full '>llO.

Sun ........... .

Balsam. . . . . . . . . . . . . After last frost ................ do ........ .

I

i Germina- 1 Plant ; tioo time I spacing I

J)a J's I Ill hes l 0 to I 2

10 1 0 to l 2

Remarks

Pi och tips of plants to encourage branching. Remove de<1d flower~.

Make successne 'owings for prolonged blooming perind. Shade summer plantings.

Calendu!a ........... Early 5pring or late fall. .• Sh.1<le or sun .. I 10 1 ()

l 2 to l 1 8 to 10

l 0 t<> I I Calliop5is........... After last frost ................ do ........ . Candytuft........... Early spring or late fall ........ do ........ . China-a5ter. . . . . . . . . After last frost ................ do ...... , ..

Cockscomb .............. do ........................ do ........ . Coleus.............. Sow indoors anytime; '\un or partial

outdoors after last frost. sh.1de. Cornllowe!". . . . . . . . . Early spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial shade .. . Cosmos............. After last froM........... Sun ........... . Dahlia ................... do ........................ do ........ .

Forget-me-not ...... .

l;our-o'clock ...... . Gaillardia ......... .

Globe-amaranth .... . Impatiens .......... .

Larkspur ........... .

Lupine ............. .

Spring or summer; shade Partial shade ... in summer.

After last frost...... .. . .. Sun .......... . Early spring through ..... do ........ .

summer; shade in sum-mer.

Early spring ............ . Indoors anytime. Set out

after last frost. Late fall in South, early

spring in North. Early spring or late fall ...

. .... do ........ . Partial shade or

deep shade. Sun ........... .

. . . . . do ........ .

Marigold. . . . . . . . . . . After last frost ....•........... do ........ . Morning-glory ........... do ........................ do ........ .

Nasturtium .............. do................... .. .. do ........ .

Pansy ............. .

Petunia ............ . Phlox ............. .

Spring or summer; shade Sun or <,h.ide ... in summer.

Late fall (in South)....... Sun ........... . Early &pring ........... ··i·· ... do ........ .

Pink ............... 1 Early spring, spring or 1 ..... do ........ . summer; shade in sum-mer.

Poppy ............ . Early spring through sum- ..... do ....... . mer; shade in summer.

Portulaca .......... . After last frost or in late ..... do ....... . fall.

Rudbeckia ......... .

Salpiglossis ........ . Scabiosa .......... .

Spring or summer; shade Sun or partial . in sum:i1er. I shade.

Early spring............. Sun .......... . Spring or summer; shade ..... do ....... .

in summer . Scarlet sage ........ . Snapdragon ....... .

.... do ........................ do .•...... Spring or late fall ............. do ....... .

Spider plant........ Early spring; spring, or ..... do ....... . fall.

Stock ............. .. Strawflower ........ . Summer-cypress .... . Sunflower ...•...... Sweet alyssum .....•. Sweetpea .......... .

Verbena .........•.. Vinca •...•...•.... Zinnia ............. .

..... do ....... . Early spring ..............•... do ........ . .... do ........................ do ....... . After last frost ................ do ....•.... Early spring .................. do ....... . Early spring or late sum- ..... do ........ .

mer through late fall. After last frost ..•............. do ........ .

.•... do ........................ do ...•..... .•.. do ........................ do ........ .

20 8

l () l() I

5 5 5 i

5 20

1 5 15

20

20

5 5

8

10

10 10

5

10

10

20

15 10

15 15

10

5 5

15 5 5

15

20 15

5

8 tO 12 I

l 0 to 1 2

10 to 12 10 to J 2

I 2 to 1 4 10 to 12 12 to 14

10 to 12

12 to 14 10 to 12

10 to 12 10 to 12

6 to 8

6 to 8

I-or best plant~ start early, grow in coldfr,1me. Make ~ucce~sive sowings for prolonged bloom.

For maximum bloom, sow several weeks before other annuab.

Store roots, plant next year.

Difficult to tran5plant; grow in peat pots.

Soak ~eed befon• planting. Guard against dampmg-off.

10 to H 24 to 36

High fertility delays bloom. 1 Reseeds itself.

8 to 12

6 to 8

12to 14 6 to 8

8 to 12

6 to 10

10 to 12

10 to 14

10 to 12 12 to 14

s to 12 6 to 10

12 to 14

6 to 10 10 to 12 18 to 24 12 to 14 10 to 12

6 to 8

18 to 24 10 to 12

8 to 12

For best flowers, grow in soil of low fer. tility.

Does be1>t in cool season.

Start early in spring indoors. Keep cool. Make successive plantings for prolonged

bloom. Stan early in spring indoors. Keep cool.

Remove dead flowers.

Difficult to transplant; start in peat pots. Make successive plantings.

Perennial grown as annual. Blooms first year.

Needs supports. Avoid cold, heavy soil. Keep old flowers removed.

Start cool, pinch tips to encourage branching.

Reseeds freely. Pinch to keep plant short. Water and fertilize freely.

Damps off ea~ily. Sow in hills, do not thin. Select heat-resistant types.

Pinch tips often to encourage branching. Avoid overwatering . Thin after plants begin to bloom; remove

poor-flowering plants.

CANNING FRUITS AND TOMA TOES

MINUTES OF PROCESSING

PRODUCTS PR EPA RATION Pints Quarts

Apples

Applesauce, Fruit Purees

Apricots

Berries' Raw Pack:

Hot Pack:

Cherries

Fruit Juice

Nectarines, Peaches, Pears

Plums

• Rhubarb

Tomatoes2

Whole or pieces:

Juice:

Hot pack only

Peel. Core. Slice. Treat to prevent darkening. Drain. Boil 5 min. in syrup or water. Fill hot. Add hot water or syrup.

Peel. Core. Slice. Treat to prevent darkening. Drain. Simmer until tender, stirring frequently. If desired, sweeten and spice. Leave as chunks or sieve. Fill hot. Exhaust jars. Use method for peaches, pears. except omit peeling if desired. Wash. Drain. Stem. For soil berries (blackberries, raspberries. etc.). Fill; shake jars gently for full pack. Add water or syrup. Exhaust jars.

For firm berries (blueberries, currants, gooseberries). Add V2 c. sugar per 1 qt. berries. Cover: bring to boil. Fill.

Wash. Stem. Pit. Fill: shake jars gently for full pack. Add water or syrup. Exhaust jars. Wash. Remove pits. Crush. Heat to simmer. Strain. If desired. add sugar, 1 c. or less per gal., reheat, fill.

Wash. Peel. Cot in halves. Remove pits. Slice if desired. Treat to prevent darkening. Drain. Fill. Add water or syrup. Exhaust jars.

Wash. Prick skins with fork to prevent splitting or halve and pit freestone varieties. Fill. Add water or syrup. Exhaust jars. Use tender, young stalks only. Wash. Cut into pieces. Add V2 c. sugar per 1 qt. Let stand to draw out juice (3-4 hours). Heat to boiling. Fill hot. Wash. Peel or scald 20-40 sec. and slip skins. Trim bruised spots. Fill. . . . Acidify-add 1 tbls. lemon juice or V• tsp. c1tnc acid per pint. Double for qts. Add V2 tsp. sugar per pt. (to off-set tartness). Add hot juice: don't add water. Exhaust 1ars.

Dice tomatoes finely; heat quickly. Simmer 5 minutes. Sieve. Heat juice to boil. Acidify as for tomatoes. Fill hot.

If no acid is added, increase processing time.

15 20

20 20

25 30

10 15

10 15

20 25

10 10

25 30

20 25

10 15

35 45

20 30

35 45

1 Strawberries lose color and flavor when canned. Request information on freezing strawberries from your County Cooperative Extension Service office.

2 For more information on preserving tomato products, request "Preserving Foods #8-Tomatoes" from your County Cooperative Extension Service office.

Steps to Canning Success: Select only mature, fresh and sound fruits. Can before freshness is lost; handle gently.

Use tomato varieties recommended for canning. Never can overripe tom-atoes or those from dead vines; these can be low in acid.

About 4 to 6 hours after canning, test seals; tip jars with zinc porcelain caps (no leakage) or press center of flat metal lids (sealed lids do not move). Remove screw bands. Wipe jars, date and store

in cool, dark place.

Refrigerate unsealed jars immediately and use within a few days; or freeze; or reprocess food as if it were fresh in a clean jar with a

new lid.

Successful freezing of fruits begins with selecting fully ripe but firm fruits. Under-ripe fruits may be bitter; freeze soft, very ripe fruits as purees.

Fully ripe fresh fruits lose quality rapidly after harvesting. Harvest only an amount you can preserve within a few hours, or refrigerate and freeze as soon as possible.

Packaging tips: Air leads to flavor loss or off-flavors. If food moisture evaporates, frozen food becomes dry and tough and may develop grayish spots called "freezer burn." Use only moisture-vapor-proof packaging designed for freezing. Examples are "can or freeze" glass jars, plastic freezing containers, heavyweight aluminum foil, plastic coated freezer paper, polyethylene wraps. Only sealing tape designated for freezer use will adhere at freezing temperatures. Freezer bags can be placed in rigid containers for easy stacking.

Pack fruits tightly in container. Squeeze air from bags before sealing. Leave !2" headspace for expan-sion in rigid containers. Label and date product. Freeze immediately.

HOW TO PREPARE FRUITS FOR FREEZING

FRUITS

Apples Firm-fleshed cooking varieties

Apricots Well-ripened fruit of uniform color

Berries, all types. Blueberries, Raspberries, Blackberries

Sour, Red Cherries (Pie Cherries)

Sweet Cherries

Cranberries

Melons Firm-fleshed

Peaches, Nectarines Choose well ripened fruit of good quality

Plums, Prunes

Rhubarb Select crisp tender stalks of good red color in early spring

Strawberries Firm, ripe, bright color, aromatic

PREPARATION

Peel, core and slice. To prevent darkening, use an ascorbic acid mixture. Soak 15 minutes in solution of 112 cup salt per 1 gallon water; OR scald 2 minutes, then chill in ice water. Pack with ascorbic acid; use 30% syrup or 1 cup sugar per 10 cups apples.

Better canned than frozen. Follow directions for peaches; OR halve and pit soft ripe fruit, steam 4 minutes, crush and pack with 1 cup sugar to 8-9 cups fruit.

Wash just before freezing. Sort. Pack in 40% syrup; OR pack using 1 cup sugar to B cups fruit. For pies or jams, pack unsweetened.

For pies, use 1V2 to 2 cups sugar to 4 cups cherries for 9"' pie. To improve color, add V. teaspoon ascorbic acid with sugar; OR pack in 50% syrup.

Pack in 30% syrup with ascorbic acid and 1 teaspoon citric acid or 4 teaspoons lemon juice.

Pack without sugar.

Peel; cut flesh into '¥4 inch cubes or balls. Pack in 30% syrup. Add whole seedless grapes, and for flavor, lime juice, if desired. Serve partially frozen.

Dip 3 or 4 peaches into boiling water until skins loosen. Chill. Peel, pit, slice into 30% syrup with ascorbic acid, pack; OR freeze nonbrowning varieties with ascorbic acid and 1 cup sugar to about 1 quart fruit.

Halve, remove pits. Pack in 40% syrup with ascorbic acid.

Remove leaves and woody ends; wash. Cut in 1-inch lengths. For sauce, pack in 40-50% syrup. For pies, pack using 1 cup sugar to 4 cups rhubarb; OR pack, no sugar, and use within 3-4 months.

Pack whole, sliced (preferred), or crushed in 1 cup sugar to 8 cups fruit; OR pack whole berries in 40% syrup; OR freeze unsweetened.

Canning success depends on selection of fresh, bright-colored, young and tender vegetables with no insect or disease injury. Can before freshness is lost; handle gently.

Some vegetables, particularly strong-flavored ones, do not Preserve these vegetables by some other method: broccoli, sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, eggplant, onions, parsnips, rutabagas, snap peas and turnips.

All vegetables except tomatoes are low in acid and must be processed at 240°F, a higher temperature than a boiling water bath provides. The only safe way to can low-acid foods is with a steam pressure canner.

CANNING VEGETABLES

can well. brussels

MINUTES OF PROCESSING

HEAD (10 LBS. PRESSURE) PRODUCT

Asparagus

Beans, Green, Snap or Wax

Beans, fresh Lima or Kidney

Beets

Carrots

Cornwhole kernel

Corncream style

Greens

Peas

Pumpkin, Winter Squash (cubed)

Squash, Summer or Zucchini

Tomatoes

Whole or pieces

Juice

PREPARATION

Wash. Trim. Cut 1" pieces. Blanch. Fill hot. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars. Wash. Trim. Cut 1" pieces. Blanch. Fill hot. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars. Shell. Wash. Cover with boiling water and bring to boil. Fill hot. Pack loosely. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars.

Wash. Trim. Precook and peel. Cut into V2" pieces or W' slices. Fill. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars.

Wash. Peel. Trim. Slice. Fill. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars. Husk. Remove silk. Wash. Cut kernels from cob. Blanch. Fill hot. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars.

Husk. Remove silk. Wash. Cut corn from cob at center of kernel. Scrape cobs. To each quart of corn. add 1 pt. boiling water. Heat to boiling. Fill pint jars only. Exhaust jars. Wash. Remove tough sterns. Stearn until wilted. Fill hot greens loosely. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars.

Shell. Wash. Fill. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars.

Wash. Cut in quarters. Remove seeds. Peel. Cut into 1' pieces. Add water to cover, bring to boil. Fill loosely. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars. Do not can strained or mashed pumpkin or sguash.

Wash. Trim ends. Cut into W' slices. Add water to cover. Bring to boil. Fill hot squash loosely. Add boiling water. Exhaust jars. Wash. Peel or scald 20-40 sec. and slip skins. Trim bruised spots. Core. Fill. Acidify - add 1 tbls. lemon juice or V. tsp. citric acid per pint. Double for qts. Add V2 tsp. sugar per pt. (to offset tartness). Add hot juice; don't add water. Exhaust jars. Dice tomatoes finely, heat quickly. Simmer 5 minutes. Sieve. Heat juice to boil. Acidify as for tomatoes. Fill hot.

Note: If desired, add Vz tsp. salt per pint to filled jars

SPACE

V2"

V2"

1"

V."

1"

1"

1"

Y2"

1"

V2"

V2"

Pints Quarts

30 35

25 30

45 55

35 40

30 35

60 85

105 NO!

80 105

55 60 55 90

30 40

10 14

(5 lb. pressure)

10 10

(5 lb. pressure)

HOW TO PREPARE VEGETABLES FOR FREEZING

VEGETABLE

Asparagus

PREPARATION AND BOILING WATER BLANCH TIMES

Leave whole or cut into 1-inch lengths. Blanch small stalks 2 minutes; medium stalks 3 minutes; large stalks 4 minutes.

Beans (green and yellow Snip tips, sort by size. Cut or break into suitable pieces or freeze small podded) beans whole. Blanch 3 minutes. Beans, fresh lirna Shell. and sort. Blanch small beans 2 minutes; medium beans 3 minutes;

large beans 4 minutes.

Beets Remove all but 2 inch of top; wash. Cook until tender. Chill. Hernove skins. Slice or dice large beets. Pack.

Broccoli Trim. Separate into individual pieces. Cut broccoli stalks lengthwise. Soak Cauliflower V2-hour in salt brine (Y2 cup salt to 1 quart water) to drive out small insects.

Rinse and drain. Blanch 3 minutes in water or steam-blanch 5 minutes. Brussel sprouts Trim. Soak 1/2 hour in salt brine (see broccoli). Rinse and drain. Blanch small

heads 2 minutes; medium heads 4 minutes; large heads 5 minutes. ---------- ---·---------- -- - ---~----

•cabbage

•carrots

Sweet corn, on-the-cob

Discard coarse outer leaves. Cut into wedges or shred coarsely. Blanch wedges 3 minutes and shredded cabbage 1 Y2 minutes.

Trim and scrape. Dice or slice %-inch thick. Blanch 2 minutes.

Husk, remove silks, and trim ends. Use a large kettle for blanching. Blanch small ears (11/•-inch diameter) 7 minutes; medium ears (1 V.-1 V2 inch diameter) 9 minutes; large ears (over 1Y2 inch diameter) 11 minutes. Chill in ice water

____________ t:::il::..I c.ool_ or corn may becom~ _"!u_stiy_. __ Sweet corn. cut

Kohlrabi

Mushrooms

Okra

Peas; green. english. blackeyed

Peas; edible pod, sugar or chinese

Peppers, green

'Pumpkin, winter squash

Husk, remove silks, and tnm ends. Blanch 41/2 minutes; chill; cut from cob.

Peel, and dice in '12-inch cubes. Blanch 1 minute.

Trim stem ends. Freeze small mushrooms whole; quarter large ones. Add 1 teaspoon citric acid, or 1 tablespoon lemon juice, or Y2 teaspoon ascorbic acid per quart of blanch water to prevent darkening. Blanch medium or small whole mushrooms 5 minutes; cut pieces 3 minutes.

Cut off stems without opening seed cells. Blanch small pods 3 minutes; large pods 4 minutes.

Shell small amount at a time. Blanch green or eng11sh for 1 Y2 minutes; blackeyed 2 minutes.

Remove sterns, blossom ends, and any string. Leave whole. Blanch 1 Y2 to 3 minutes.

Remove stern and seeds. Halve. Blanch 3 minutes. Chopped peppers can be frozen without blanching.

Cut into uniform pieces. Remove seeds. Bake at 350°F., or steam until _________ . ___ t_e_n_d_e_r._C_oo_l~,_r_e_move pu.l~p~,_m_as_h_o_r_s_i_ev_e_. _____________ ~

'Potatoes

Spinach and other greens

Hash browns-cook unpeeled until almost done; peel and grate; form in desirable shapes; freeze. French fries - peel and cut into thin strips; fry in deep fat until very light golden brown; drain and cool; complete browning before use. Use within few months.

Remove damaged leaves and tough stems. Blanch collards and Swiss chard stems 3 to 4 minutes; other greens 1 V2-2 minutes. Chill.

Summer squash, Zucchini Peel; cut in 1/2-inch slices; blanch 3 minutes. Blanch shredded zucchini 1 minute.

·-~----·-------

• These vegetables can be stored, without processing, in a root cellar, or cool, dark place. Contact your local Cooperative Extension Service for more information on proper storage.

When freezing vegetables, be sure to choose young, tender vegetables at peak of flavor and texture. Work with small quantities.

Blanch or scald to stop enzyme action, wilt vegetables for easier packing, remove earthy flavors and some undesirable bacteria, further clean product, and "set" color. Hard water may toughen vegetables; check into softening water if necessary.

Quick Dill Pickles Plain, Kosher, Sweet

whole, strips, slices-Yield: 6-8 pints

4 lbs. (32-40) cuclll1lbers 4-5 inch 1/3 cup pickling salt 4 cups water 2 1/2 cups vinegar (4-6%) 24-32 peppercorns 1/2 cup dill seed, 12-16 fresh heads

Slice 1/16-inch off blossom ends. Slice or strip, if desired. Place in bowl and cover with 2 inches crushed ice. Refrigerate 3-4 hours. Drain. Combine salt, water, and vinegar; and heat to boiling. Put cucumbers in sterilized pint jars. Add 4 peppercorns and l tablespoon of dill seeds or 2 heads fresh dill to each jar. Pour vinegar solution over cucumbers; leave 1/2 inch head space. Make more solution if needed; do not add more water. Seal. Process 10 minutes. Start processing time when water in canner returns to boil.

Variations:

1. Kosher dills. Add 2 cloves of garlic to each jar. Peel and split other cloves; heat with vinegar solution. 2. SI.le.et dills. Add 1 cup sugar to vinegar solution before boiling. 3. Zucchini dills - substitute zucchini for cucumbers. Reduce water to 2 cups.

Crosscut or Bread-and-Butter Pickle Yield: 7 pints

6 lbs. cuctmbers or zucchini, sliced 1 1/2 cups onions, sliced 2 large garlic cloves 1/3 cup salt 2 quarts (2 trays) ice, crushed or cubes 4 1/2 cups sugar 3 cups vinegar, white 1 1/2 teaspoons turmeric 1 1/2 teaspoons celery seed 2 tablespoons mustard seed

Remove ends from cucumbers. Slice 1/8-inch thick. Add onions, garlic, and salt; mix well. Cover with ice cubes; let stand 3 hours. Drain thoroughly; remove garlic. Combine sugar, spices, and vinegar; heat just to boiling. Add drained cuctmber and onion slices; heat 5 minutes. Fill hot

Quick- Process Pickle Recipes

pickles and liquid loosely into sterilized hot pint jars to 1/2 inch of top. Seal. Process 5 minutes. Start processing time when water in canner returns to boil.

Runnnage Relish Yield: about 8 pints

2 quarts (16 med.) tomatoes, green, cored l quart (6 large) tomatoes, ripe, cored Vegetables, chopped: no more than 12 cups total. Suggested amounts:

1 quart cabbage 3 cups onions 2 cups celery 1 cup cucumber or zucchini 2 cups sweet, green or red pepper

1/2 cup pickling salt 4 cups brown sugar 2 garlic cloves, minced 1 tablespoon each celery seed, ground

cinnamon, mustard seed teaspoon ground ginger

1/2 teaspoon ground cloves 2 quarts vinegar

Combine vegetables; add salt, mix thoroughly. Let stand 12 to 18 hours in a cool place; drain thoroughly. Add sugar, spices, and garlic to vinegar; simmer 10 minutes. Add vegetables; simmer 30 minutes. Bring to boil. Pack hot relish into clean, hot jars, leave 1/2 inch headspace, Seal. Process 15 minutes. Count processing time when water in canner returns to boil,

Variation: Curry Relish - Add 2 cups raisins to vegetables; add 1-1/2 teaspoons curry powder to pickling solution.

Corn Relish Yield: 7 pints

2 quarts (16-20 meditm ears) corn, whole kernel

2 cups sweet red pepper, diced 2 cups green pepper, diced 1 quart celery, chopped 1 cup onion, small, chopped or sliced 1 1/2 cups sugar 1 quart vinegar 2 tablespoons salt 2 teaspoons celery seed 2 tablespoons mustard, dry l teaspoon turmeric

Cook husked, silked ears in boiling water 5 minutes; remove and plunge into cold water. Drain; cut corn from cob. Do not scrape cob. Combine peppers, celery, onion, sugar, vinegar, salt and celery seed. Cover; bring to boil. Cook 5 minutes; stir occasionally. Mix dry mustard and turmeric with a small amount of liquid from boiling mixture; add, with corn, to boiling mixture, Return to boil; cook 5 minutes, stirdng occasionally. Fill clean, hot pint jars with hot mixture to 1/2 inch from top. Seal. Process 15 minutes. Count processing time when water in canner returns to boil.

Pickled Fruit Yield: 7 to 8 pints

2 quarts sugar 1 quart vinegar, white 6-8 2-inch pieces cinnamon sticks 2 tablespoons cloves, whole 2 tablespoons (optional) allspice, whole 4 or S quarts (8 pounds) watermelon rind or

pears or peaches (slightly underripe)

Combine sugar, vinegar, and cinnamon in pan. For pears, add 1 pint water. Tie spices in a clean, thin, white cloth. Add to vinegar solution. Bring to boil; simmer, covered, about 30 minutes.

Wash fruit. Pears: Peel and remove blossom end; leave stems if desired. Peaches: Dip into boiling water 1/2 to l minute to loosen skins. Peel. Innnediately put peaches or pears into l gallon cold water with 2 tablespoons each salt and vinegar, or ascorbic acid solution. Drain just before using.

Watermelon: Remove outer rind and any pink. Cut into l inch pieces. Cover with brine (3 / 4 cup salt and 3 quarts water). Add 2 trays ice cubes. Let stand 5-6 hours.

Add fruit pieces to boiling syrup and simmer 5 minutes. Pack hot into clean, hot pint jars. Add one 2-inch piece cinnamon per jar; cover with boiling syrup to 1/2 inch from top.

Process peaches and pears in boiling water for 20 minutes. Process watermelon 5 min. Count processing time when water in canner returns to boil.

Vegeta~les Seeded Directly in Garden Planting Distance Estimated

Depth In Inches Yield per When to Sow In Seed per Days to In the Between 100 feet

Vegetables or Plant Inches 100 feet Maturity Rows Rows* of Row ·-·----

No harvest Asparagus, crowns March-April 6-S** 60 crowns first year 18 48-60 30 lbs. Beans, bush snap ......... May 15 to August 1 1/z-1 1 lb. 50- 60 3 24 50 lbs. Beans, green shell .... May 15 to July 1 lf2-l 11/z I bs. 60-100 3 24 Beans, dry she I I ........ May 15 to June 1 1/z-1 1 lb. 90-100 3 24 50 lbs. Beans, bush I ima . . . . . . . . . May 20 to June 10 1;2-1 1 lb. 65- 85 6 24-30 50 lbs .

Beans, pole snap .......... May 15 to June 1 1h-l 1/z lb. 65- 90 24 36 Beans, pole Ii mas ......... May 20 to June 1 1/z-1 3A lb. 70-100 24 36 Beets ..................... Apri I 15 to August 1 1/z 1/z oz. 50- 70 3 18 100 lbs. ~-----·---

Cabbage, Chinese ......... August 1 1/4 1 pkt. 80- 90 15 24 80 heads Carrots . . . . . . . . . . Apri I 1 to July 15 l/4 1/z oz. 55- 75 3 18 100 lbs . Chard, Swiss ...... Apri I 1 to Apri I 10 1/z 1/z oz. 50- 60 8 24 50 lbs. Collards . . . Apri I 1 to August 15 l/4 1 pkt. 65 15 24 50 lbs .

Corn, Sweet ........ May 1 to July 1 1-2 4 oz. 64- 90 12 24 100 ears Cucumber . . . . . . . . . . May 10 to June 1 1-2 V2 oz . 50- 70 12 60 12-15 fruit/

plant E~i~ .................... August 1 llz 1 pkt. 90-100 15 24 50 lbs. Kale ...................... Apri I 1 to August 1 llz 1 pkt. 50- 70 18 24 75 lbs.

Kohlrabi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apri I 1 to August 1 llz l/4 oz. 50- 70 4 18 100 lbs . Lettuce, leaf .............. Apri I 1 to August 1 l/4 1 pkt. 40- 50 6 18 50 lbs. Lettuce, head ............. August 1 1/4 1 pkt. 60 12 24 50 lbs. Mustard .................. Apri I 1 to August 15 1/4 1 pkt. 40 8 24 50 lbs.

Muskmelon ............... May 15 1-2 1/z oz. 70-100 30 60 50 fruits Okra ...................... May 1 1/z 1/z oz. 65 15 30 Onions, seed .............. April 1 llz 1 oz. 110-150 3 18 50-100 lbs. Onions, sets .............. April 1 1-2 2 lbs. 100-140 3 18 Onions, winter ............ Sept. 1 to October 1 1-2 3 lbs. 2 18 Parsley ................... Apri I 1 to Apri I 10 1/a-V4 1 pkt. 55- 60 6 18 50 lbs. Parsnips .................. April 1 V2 l!z oz. 130-140 3 24 100 lbs. Peas ...................... April 1 llz 1 lb. 50- 60 1 18 40 lbs.

(pods) Potatoes, early .. April 1 3-4 10 lbs. 90-110 9 36 100 lbs. Potatoes, late ..... May 15 3-4 9 lbs. 110-140 12 36 Pumpkin .......... May 20 1-2 1/z oz. 90-110 48 84 75 fruits Radish ............ Apri I 1 to August 1 112 1 oz. 25- 35 1 18 25 lbs. Rhubarb .......... April 2-3 50 crowns 365 24 36

-------· ------------- -

Rutabaga ................. July 1 to July 15 llz 1/4 oz. 100-120 6 24 150 I bs. Salsify .................... Apri I 1 to Apri I 10 llz 1/z oz. 140-150 2-3 18 75 lbs. Spinach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 1 and Sept. 1 llz 1/z oz . 40- 50 6 18 50 lbs.

Spinach, N. Zealand ....... Apri I 10 to May 1 1/z 112 oz. 60- 80 15-18 30 Squash-

Bush ................... May 1 to June 1 1-2 1/z oz. 50- 65 36 48 Summer Vine ......... May 1 to June 1 1-2 1/z oz. 50- 65 60 84 Winter .. .' ............ June 1 to June 15 1-2 1/z oz. 60-110 60 84 100 fruits

Turnips ........... Apri I 1 to June 1 and Aug. 15 1/z 1/4 oz. 50- 60 3 18 100 lbs.

Watermelon ............... May 20 1-2 1/2 oz. 110-130 96 96

*Adjust row spacing as necessary to accommodate equipment used for cultivation. **Two inches of soil cover at planting. Graduajly fill trench 6-8" deep with soil.

Adams County Court House West Union 45693 Phone: 513-544-2339

Allen County 219 W. Northern Avenue Lima 45801 Phone: 419-222-9946

229-3736

Ashland County 110 Cottage Street Ashland 44805 Phone: 419-289-0000

Ashtabula County Extension Building Jefferson 44047 216-576-3866

Athens County 280 West Union Street Athens 45701 Phone: 614-593-8555

Auglaize County Court House Wapakoneta 45895 Phone: 419-738-2219

Belmont County 68323 Bannock Road St. Clairsville 43950 Phone: 614-695-1455

Brown County Fairgrounds Georgetown 45121 Phone: 513-378-6716

Butler County 1810 Princeton Road P,O, Box 958 Hamilton 45012 Phone: 513-867-5925

Carroll County Court House Carrollton 44615 Phone: 216-627-4310

Champaign County 64 7 Bodey Circle Urbana 43078 Phone: 513-652-2204

Clark County 1!61 Bechtle Avenue Springfield 45504 Phone: 513-324-5791

Clermont County 76 S. Riverside llrive Batavia 45!03 l'hone: 513-732-7195

Clinton County 19 S. South Street Box 151 Wilmington 45177 l'hone: 513-382-0901

Columbiana County 116 Nelson Avenue Lisbon 44432 Phone: 216-424-7291

Coshocton County 724 S. Seventh Street Coshocton 43812 Phone: 614-622-2265

Crawford County Court House Bucyrus 44820 Pone: 419-562-8731

Cuyahoga County 3200 W. 65th Street Cleveland 44102 Phone: 216-631-1890

Darke County 700 Wayne Street Greenville 45331 l'hone: 513-548-5215

Defiance County Court House Box 448 Defiance 43512 Phone: 419-782-4771

Delaware County 110 N. Franklin Street Delaware 43015 l'hone: 614-369-8761

Ext. 201

Erie County 2902 Columbus Avenue Sandusky 44870 Phone: 419-627-7631

Fairfield County Court House 210 E. Main Street Lancaster 43130 Phone: 614-687-7010

Fayette County 1225 U.S. Rt. 22 SW Washington CH 43160 l'hone: 614-335-1150

Franklin County 1945 Frebis Avenue Columbus 43206 l'hone: 614-469-5595

Fulton County 135 Court House l'laza Wauseon 43567 Phone: 419-337-5515

Gallia County 1502 Eastern Avenue Gallipolis 45631 l'hone: 614-446-7007

Geauga County 14539 N. Cheshire P.O. Box 387 Burton 44021 Phnn~' ? I 6-Rl4-46~6

County Extension Offices Greene County 275 s. Allison Avenue Box 38 Xenia 45385 Phone: 513-372-9971

Guernsey County Court House Annex Cambridge 43725 Phone: 614-432-2959

Hamilton County 11100 Winton Road Greenhills Cincinnati 45218 l'hone: 513-825-6000

Hancock County 7708 CR 140 Findlay 45840 Phone: 419-422-3851

Hardin County Court House Kenton 43326 l'hone: 419-675-6262

Harrison County Court House Cadiz 43907 l'hone: 614-942-8823

Henry County Court House Napoleon 43545 l'hone: 419-592-0806

Highland County 119 Gov. Foraker l'l. Hillsboro 45133 Phone: 513-393-1918

Hocking County 150 N. Homer Avenue Logan 43138 Phone: 614-385-3222

385-6635

Holmes County 13 South Monroe P.O. Box 287 Millersburg 44654 Phone: 216-674-3015

Huron County 180 Milan Avenue Norwalk 44857 l'hone: 419-668-8219

Jackson County 372 Portsmouth Street Jackson 45640 Phone: 614-286-5044

Jefferson County 814 Adams Street Steubenville 43952 Phone: 614-283-3757

Knox County 999 Harcourt Road Box 268 Mt. Vernon 43050 l'hone: 614-397-0401

Lake County 99 E. Erie Street Painesville 44077 Phone: 216-357-2582

Lawrence County Court House Ironton 45638 l'hone • 614-533-4322

Licking County 743 E. Main Street Newark 43055 Phone: 614-345-6631

Logan County Memorial Hall Bellefontaine 43311 l'hone: 513-599-4227

Lorain County 1575 Lowell Street Elyria 44035 l'hone: 216-329-5350

Lucas County 5th Floor, Room 550 1 Government Center Toledo 43604 Phone: 419-245-4254

Madison County 217 Elm Street P.O. Box 230 London 43140

-Phone: 614-852-0975

Mahoning County 490 s. Broad Street P.O. Box 248 Canfield 44406 Phone: 216-533-5538

Marion County 1100 E. Center Street Marion 43302 Phone: 614-387-2260

Medina County 144 N. Broadway Medina 44256 Phone: 216-725-4911

Meigs County Mulberry Heights Box 32 l'omeroy 45 7 69 Phone: 614-992-6696

Mercer County 321 Riley Street Celina 45822 l'hone: 419-586-2179

Miami County 201 w. Main Street Box 130 Troy 45373 Phone: 513-335-8341

Ext. 241 & 242

Monroe County Court House Woodsfield 43793 Phone: 614-472-0810

Montgomery County 1001 S. Main Street Dayton 45409 l'hone: 513-224-9654

Morgan County 6A W. Main Street l'.O. Box 179 McConnelsville 437 56 Phone: 614-962-4854

Morrow County S.R. 95 West P.O. Box 32 Mt. Gilead 43338 Phone: 419-947-1070

Muskingum County Court House Zanesville 43701 Phone: 614-454-0144

Noble County Court House Caldwell 43724 Phone: 614-732-5681

Ottawa County Federal Building P.O. Box 27 Oak Harbor 43449 l'hone: 419-898-1618

898-3631

l'aulding County P.O. Box 71 Paulding 45879 Phone: 419-399-3731

Perry County 104 S. Columbus Somerset 43783 Phone: 614-743-1602

743-1406

Pickaway County 137 W. Franklin Street Circleville 43113 Phone: 614-474-7534

l'ike County 120 s. Market Street Box 229 Waverly 45690 Phone: 614-947-2121

l'ortage County 6970 S.R. 88 Ravenna 44266 PhnnA! ?Jf.-?Qfl-f.A'l?

Preble County 119 S. Barron Street Eaton 45320 Phone: 513-456-6268

Putnam County 219 S. Oak Street Ottawa 45875 Phone: 419-523-6294

Richland County 1512 Ashland Road Mansfield 44905 Phone: 419-589-2919

Ross County 78 w. Main Street Chillicothe 45601 Phone: 614-775-3200

Sandusky County 1401 Walter Avenue Fremont 43420 l'hone: 419-332-5581

Scioto County Court House Portsmouth 45662 Phone: 614-353-5111

Seneca County 155 1/2 E. l'erry Tiffin 44883 Phone: 419-447-9722

Shelby County 129 E. Court Street Sidney 45365 l'hone: 513-498-7239

Stark County 217 Fourth Street NE Canton 44702 Phone: 216-489-4488

Summit County 175 S. Main Street 211 Ohio Builiding Akron 44308 Phone: 216-379-2774

Trumbull County 303 Mahoning NW Warren 44483 Phone: 216-394-9246

Tuscarawas County Route 2 New Philadelphia 44663 Phone: 216-364-8811

Ext. 230

Union County 239 W. Fifth Street Marysville 43040 Phone: 513-644-8117

Van Wert County 1055 S. Washington Van Wert 45891 Phone: 419-238-1214

Vinton County Vinton County Community Building McArthur 45651 Phone: 614-596-5961

Warren County 777 N. Columbus Avenue Lebanon 45036 Phone: 513-932-1891

Washington County Court House Marietta 457 50 Phone: 614-373-6623

Ext. 31

Wayne County 428 w. Liberty Street Wooster 44691 Phone: 216-264-8722

Williams County 1122 W. High Street Bryan 43506 Phone: 419-636-5608

Wood County l Court House Sq. Bowling Green 43402 Phone: 419-352-6531

Ext. 2233

Wyandot County Court House Upper Sandusky 43351 Phone: 419-294-4931

1985 garden calendar - ohio state university...• container flower & vege-table production •...

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