1

1*ROBERT B. LEE III and 2*ROBERT S. WILSON1Retired NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA

1Science Application International Corp. (SAIC) Hampton, VA

ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT [ERBE]

SOLAR MONITOR ON THE EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE [ERBS]

2

ESTIMATED ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE [TSI] MEASUREMENT

ACCURACIES & PRECISIONS

MEASUREMENT ACCURACY

~ 0.25% [3 SIGMAS]

MEASUREMENT PRECISION

~ 0.02% [3 SIGMAS]

3

4

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE [TSI] MEASUREMENTS: OCT. 25, 1984 THROUGH MARCH 24, 2004

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1369

1370

1984 1989 1994 1999 2004YEAR

TSI,

Wm

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

STD

EV T

SI, W

m-2

MEASUREMENTS STDEV MEASUREMENTS

+ 3.4 Wm-2

5

1984-2005, Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS)/Earth Radiation Budget Experiment

(ERBE) Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) measurements

- THE ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR IS OPERATING NOMINALLY,

AND PRODUCING EXCELLENT TSI MEASUREMENTS.

- The ERBS SPACECRAFT & ERBE SOLAR MONITOR IS EXPECTED

TO BE OPERATIONAL THROUGH 2009, SUNSPOT MAXIMUM.

- HOWEVER, THE ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TSI PROCESSING HAS

BEEN STOPPED DUE TO THE LOST OF FUNDING.

6

7

8

EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE (ERBS), LAUNCHED OCTOBER 5, 1984 AND STILL OPERATING

ERBE NONSCANNINGACR SENSORS

9

EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT (ERBE) NONSCANNING ACTIVE-CAVITY RADIOMETERS (ACR)

WERE LAUNCHED ABOARD THE ERBS SPACECRAFT OCT. 1984

SOLAR MONITOR

10

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR & SOLAR ASPECT SENSOR

SOLAR ASPECT SENSOR

SOLARMONITOR

11

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR & SOLAR ASPECT SENSOR

SOLARMONITOR

SOLAR ASPECT SENSOR

12

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

13

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR DETECTION UNIT

14

15

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS: MARCH 30, 2005/ 0.8-SECOND AVERAGES

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.79 HOURS UNIVERSAL TIME, FRACTION OF HOUR

OU

TPU

T SI

GN

AL,

DIG

ITA

L C

OU

NTS

16

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS: MARCH 30, 2005/ 0.8-SECOND AVERAGES

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5 0.52 0.549 HOURS UNIVERSAL TIME, FRACTION OF HOUR

OU

TPU

T SI

GN

AL,

DIG

ITA

L C

OU

NTS

SHUTTER CLOSED

SHUTTER OPENEDSUN OBSERVATIONS

SOLAR OBSERVATIONS

17

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR DATA REDUCTION EQUATIONTSIins = [Dsa x (rE-S)2 x )/{cosθ x (Ra)(αa)(APA)}] x

[(VC2 - VO

2) + σ x (VFPA-SA)(εc x TC4 - εSH x TO

4) + Σpi] WHERE:

Dsa = DIFFRACTION CORRECTION AT SECONDARY APERTURE (SA)rE-S = EARTH-SUN DISTANCE, AU RH = ACTIVE CAVITY (C) HEATER (H) RESISTANCE, OHMSαC = ACTIVE CAVITY (C) ABSORPTANCE

APA = PRIMARY APERTURE (PA) AREAVC = ACTIVE CAVITY HEATER (H) VOLTAGE, CLOSED (C) SHUTTER (SH)VO = ACTIVE CAVITY HEATER (H) VOLTAGE, OPENED (O) SHUTTER (SH)

σ = STEFAN-BOLTZMAN CONSTANT, 5.6697 x 10-8 Wm-2K-1

εc = CAVITY (C) EMITTANCE, 0.98 εSH = SHUTTER (SH) EMITTANCE, 0.05 VFPAO-SA = VIEW FACTOR FROM PA OPENING TO SECONDARY APERTURE

TC = PRIMARY CAVITY TEMPERATURE, CLOSED (C) SHUTTER TO = PRIMARY CAVITY TEMPERATURE, OPENED (O) SHUTTER Pi = POWER EXCHANGES OF CAVITY WITH SURROUNDINGS

18

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR CHARACTERISTICSSYMBOL UNIT VALUE UNCERTAINTY SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

@ 1365 Wm-2

Dsa --- 1.0000 ??? SA DIFFRACTION rE-S AU 1.034 0.01% SUN-EARTH DISTANCEVC

2 SQ. VOLTS 78.950 0.014% SHUTTER CLOSEDHEATER VOLTAGE

VO2 SQ. VOLTS 28.204 0.025% SHUTTER OPENED

HEATER VOLTAGEcosθ --- 0.04% SUN CONE ANGLERH OHMS 729.66 0.007% HEATER RESISTANCEαC ---- 0.99988 0.002% CAVITY ABSORPTANCEAPA cm2 0.50643 0.25% PRIMARY APERTURE AREAσ Watts-K-4-cm-2 5.6697E-8 0.01% STEFAN-BOLTZMAN CONSTANTεc --- 0.98 0.04% CAVITY EMITTANCE εSH --- 0.05 0.04% CAVITY EMITTANCE VFPA-SA) --- 0.0141 0.04% VIEW FACTOR PA TO SATC

4 KELVIN [293 K]4 0.001% CLOSED CAVITY TEMP.TO

4 KELVIN [293 K]4 0.001% CLOSED CAVITY TEMP.ΣPi} Watts-cm-2 0.3 0.01% CAVITY POWER EXCHANGE

WITH SURROUNDINGS.

19

DATA REDUCTION

- LOW FREQUENCY OF ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE [TSI] MEASUREMENTS ARE IDEAL FOR LONG-TERM CLIMATE STUDIES BECAUSE OF THE ABSENCE OF LONG-TERM SENSOR DEGRADATION.

- EACH TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE VALUE IS A 3 MINUTE AVERAGE OF 2-8 MEASUREMENTS.

- TSI MEASUREMENTS ARE OBTAINED AT LEAST EVERY 14 DAYS ON A WEDNESDAY.

20

PRIMARY TSI CORRECTIONS

- NOMALIZATION TO MEAN EARTH-SUN DISTANCE [1AU], +3.34%.

- LW FLUX LOSSES OUT OF SECONDARY APERTURE WHEN SHUTTER IS OPENED, +0.44%.

- ΣPi ; ; +0.02%.

21

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS: MARCH 30, 2005/ 0.8-SECOND AVERAGES

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.79 HOURS UNIVERSAL TIME, FRACTION OF HOUR

OU

TPU

T SI

GN

AL,

DIG

ITA

L C

OU

NTS

22

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS: MARCH 30, 2005/ 0.8-SECOND AVERAGES

7260

7265

7270

7275

7280

7285

7290

7295

7300

0.37 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.449 HOURS UNIVERSAL TIME, FRACTION OF HOUR

OU

TPU

T SI

GN

AL,

DIG

ITA

L C

OU

NTS

SHUTTER CLOSED

SHUTTER OPENEDSUN OBSERVATIONSPRE-SOLAR

OBSERVATIONS

23

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS: MARCH 30, 2005/ 0.8-SECOND AVERAGES

7260

7265

7270

7275

7280

7285

7290

7295

7300

0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.6 0.619 HOURS UNIVERSAL TIME, FRACTION OF HOUR

OU

TPU

T SI

GN

AL,

DIG

ITA

L C

OU

NTS

SHUTTER CLOSED

SHUTTER OPENEDSPACE OBSERVATION

POST SOLAR OBSERVATIONS

24

ACCURACY OF SOLAR MONITOR TEMPERATURE DRIFTS

~ 0.01 CELSIUS TEMPERATURE DRIFT BETWEEN CONSECUTIVE SHUTTER OR SOLAR MEASUREMENT [>0.01% TSI MEASUREMENT PRECISION].

25

ERBE/ERBS SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) PRELIMINARY MEASUREMENTS: MARCH 30, 2005

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

9.38 9.43 9.48 9.53 9.58UT TIME, HOURS

DIG

ITA

L C

OU

NTS

19.519.5519.619.6519.719.7519.819.8519.919.9520

TEM

PER

ATU

RE,

CEL

SIU

S

SOLAR MONITOR INSTANTEOUS COUNTS BAFFLE TEMP APERTURE TEMP HEAT SINK TEMP

26

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE [TSI]MEASUREMENTS VS HEAT SINK TEMPERATURE

1358

1360

1362

1364

1366

1368

1370

1372

1374

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40HEAT SINK TEMPERATURE, CELSIUS

TOTA

L SO

LAR

IRR

AD

IAN

CE,

Wm

-2

27

ACCURACY OF SOLAR MONITOR ANGULAR CORRECTIONS

~ 0.04% UNCERTAINTY DUE TO NON-COSINE SENSOR RESPONSE [0.5 Wm-2 @ 1365 Wm-2

TSI LEVEL]

28

ERBE/ERBS SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) PRELIMINARY MEASUREMENTS: MARCH 30, 2005

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

9.38 9.43 9.48 9.53 9.58UT TIME, HOURS

DIG

ITA

L C

OU

NTS

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

SUN

AN

GLE

, DEG

REE

S

SOLAR MONITOR SIGNAL EVERY 0.8 SECOND SUN ANGLE

29

ERBS/ERBS SOLAR MONITOR CORRECTED FOR COSINE RESPONSE; DECEMBER 10, 1984

30

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TSI MEASUREMENTS VS SUN ANGULAR DISTANCE FROM SM OPTICAL AXIS

1358

1360

1362

1364

1366

1368

1370

1372

1374

0 1 2 3 4 5 6ANGULAR DISTANCE TO OPTICAL AXIS, DEGREES

TSI,

Wm

-2

31

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR RAW TSI DATAJ U L I A N C A L E N D A R T I M E T S I T S I T S I T S I T S I T S I

D A Y Y E A R / H O U R S / M E A S U R E S U N M E A S U R E M E A S U R E M E A S U R E M E A S U R EM O N T H / M I N U T E S / S U N S H U T T E R B E F O R E B E F O R E A F T E R A F T E R

D A Y S E C O N D S O P E N E D R E F E R E N C E R E F E R E N C E R E F E R E N C E R E F E R E N C ES H U T T E R S H U T T E R S H U T T E R S H U T T E R S H U T T E RO P E N E D C L O S E D C L O S E D C L O S E D C L O S E D

Y Y : M M : D D H H : M M : S S S T D S T D S T DD A T E J M Y / M / D H : M I : S C O U N T S C O U N T S C O U N T S C O U N T S C O U N T S C O U N T SD A T E J M Y / M / D H : M I : S C X S D C X R C 1 S D R C 1 R C 2 S D R C 22 4 4 6 0 0 6 8 4 1 1 0 1 8 4 3 1 2 4 3 1 9 . 6 3 7 2 6 8 . 6 2 . 8 7 2 6 3 . 4 2 . 92 4 4 6 0 1 0 8 4 1 1 0 5 6 1 9 4 4 4 3 0 4 . 2 3 7 2 6 5 . 2 2 . 4 7 2 6 6 1 . 22 4 4 6 0 6 3 8 4 1 2 2 8 8 3 5 1 2 4 2 3 6 . 4 3 7 2 6 5 1 . 6 7 2 6 3 . 2 2 . 92 4 4 6 0 8 9 8 5 0 1 2 3 1 6 6 5 6 4 2 4 7 . 2 1 . 5 7 2 6 6 . 6 0 . 9 7 2 6 6 . 8 1 . 32 4 4 6 1 0 3 8 5 0 2 0 6 1 3 2 1 4 4 2 6 1 . 2 2 . 8 7 2 6 7 . 4 1 . 5 7 2 6 6 . 4 2 . 62 4 4 6 1 1 7 8 5 0 2 2 0 1 3 3 2 8 4 1 0 8 . 4 4 . 3 7 1 6 1 . 8 3 . 2 7 1 6 2 3 . 62 4 4 6 1 1 7 8 5 0 2 2 0 1 3 5 3 6 4 1 0 2 . 4 4 7 1 6 1 . 8 3 . 1 7 1 6 1 . 2 2 . 42 4 4 6 1 1 7 8 5 0 2 2 0 1 3 7 4 4 4 1 1 0 . 4 2 . 9 7 1 6 0 . 6 3 . 8 7 1 6 1 . 2 3 . 32 4 4 6 1 3 1 8 5 0 3 0 6 1 1 1 0 2 4 4 3 0 1 . 8 1 . 6 7 2 6 1 . 2 1 . 8 7 2 5 9 . 8 0 . 82 4 4 6 1 4 5 8 5 0 3 2 0 1 2 5 7 4 4 3 3 9 . 2 1 . 9 7 2 6 5 . 2 2 . 6 7 2 6 6 . 2 1 . 32 4 4 6 1 5 9 8 5 0 4 0 3 1 7 3 0 0 8 4 3 1 8 . 6 2 . 3 7 2 3 1 . 8 1 . 9 7 2 3 2 1 . 42 4 4 6 1 5 9 8 5 0 4 0 3 1 7 3 2 1 6 4 3 1 7 . 8 1 . 8 7 2 3 2 1 . 4 7 2 3 1 . 6 1 . 52 4 4 6 1 7 3 8 5 0 4 1 7 1 3 5 6 4 8 4 4 1 6 . 2 3 . 7 7 2 7 4 . 4 3 . 6 7 2 7 4 . 8 1 . 82 4 4 6 1 8 7 8 5 0 0 5 1 1 2 4 9 4 4 4 2 1 1 . 9 7 2 6 0 1 . 2 7 2 5 8 . 8 1 . 12 4 4 6 1 9 4 8 5 0 0 5 8 1 2 4 0 0 4 4 2 8 1 . 9 7 2 5 7 . 8 1 . 6 7 2 5 5 . 6 1 . 52 4 4 6 2 1 5 8 5 0 5 2 9 1 2 3 9 2 8 4 4 7 9 . 6 2 . 7 7 2 6 7 1 . 7 7 2 6 7 . 2 1 . 52 4 4 6 2 3 5 8 5 0 6 1 8 1 2 0 9 3 6 4 4 2 7 3 . 2 7 2 2 2 . 2 2 7 2 2 2 . 2 22 4 4 6 2 3 5 8 5 0 6 1 8 1 2 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 1 . 2 1 . 5 7 2 2 3 1 . 2 7 2 2 1 . 8 1 . 52 4 4 6 2 4 3 8 5 0 6 2 6 1 2 1 0 4 0 4 4 9 5 . 4 4 7 2 6 5 . 6 2 . 8 7 2 6 6 1 . 22 4 4 6 2 5 7 8 5 0 7 1 0 1 2 3 5 4 3 4 4 9 8 . 2 1 . 5 7 2 6 5 1 . 4 7 2 6 3 . 8 1 . 32 4 4 6 2 7 1 8 5 0 7 2 4 1 2 1 4 5 5 4 4 8 3 . 2 1 . 9 7 2 6 1 . 4 1 . 5 7 2 6 1 1 . 22 4 4 6 2 8 5 8 5 0 8 0 7 1 4 0 4 4 7 4 4 9 1 . 6 2 . 9 7 2 7 1 . 2 3 . 3 7 2 7 1 . 2 2 . 92 4 4 6 2 9 9 8 5 0 8 2 1 1 1 5 8 2 3 4 3 4 1 . 6 2 . 7 7 1 8 9 1 . 9 7 1 8 7 . 8 1 . 92 4 4 6 2 9 9 8 5 0 8 2 1 1 2 0 0 3 1 4 3 3 1 . 8 2 . 6 7 1 8 8 . 6 1 . 5 7 1 8 8 1 . 22 4 4 6 2 9 9 8 5 0 8 2 1 1 2 0 2 3 9 4 3 3 1 . 2 2 . 3 7 1 8 7 . 4 2 . 7 7 1 8 7 . 2 1 . 52 4 4 6 3 1 3 8 5 0 9 0 4 1 3 3 0 0 7 4 4 3 1 . 2 3 . 5 7 2 6 1 . 8 2 . 8 7 2 6 2 . 8 1 . 52 4 4 6 3 2 7 8 5 0 9 1 8 1 2 1 7 3 5 4 4 0 9 . 8 1 . 9 7 2 6 4 . 6 2 . 5 7 2 6 3 . 6 1 . 52 4 4 6 3 4 1 8 5 1 0 0 2 1 3 3 9 4 3 4 3 1 6 1 . 9 7 2 2 3 . 8 1 . 1 7 2 2 4 . 2 1 . 32 4 4 6 3 4 1 8 5 1 0 0 2 1 3 4 1 5 1 4 3 0 6 2 . 1 7 2 2 4 2 7 2 2 3 1 . 92 4 4 6 3 5 5 8 5 1 0 1 6 1 3 1 5 4 3 4 3 5 3 . 6 2 . 3 7 2 6 7 . 4 2 . 1 7 2 6 7 . 6 1 . 52 4 4 6 3 5 9 8 5 1 0 2 0 1 7 5 7 5 1 4 3 6 1 . 6 3 . 9 7 2 7 8 . 2 3 7 2 7 7 . 2 2 . 42 4 4 6 3 7 0 8 5 1 0 3 1 1 2 0 4 4 7 4 3 0 5 . 8 3 . 2 7 2 6 0 3 . 1 7 2 6 1 . 2 1 . 52 4 4 6 3 8 3 8 5 1 1 1 3 1 3 0 9 5 1 4 2 9 1 3 . 4 7 2 6 3 . 6 3 7 2 6 3 . 6 2 . 92 4 4 6 3 9 7 8 5 1 1 2 7 1 3 3 5 2 7 4 2 6 4 . 2 1 . 5 7 2 6 2 . 4 1 . 5 7 2 6 3 1 . 92 4 4 6 4 1 7 8 5 1 2 1 8 1 1 4 7 1 1 4 1 7 1 . 4 2 . 2 7 2 1 8 . 8 1 . 5 7 2 1 7 . 6 1 . 72 4 4 6 4 1 7 8 5 1 2 1 8 1 1 4 9 1 9 4 1 5 9 . 2 2 . 3 7 2 1 8 . 4 1 . 5 7 2 1 7 . 4 1 . 12 4 4 6 4 2 5 8 5 1 2 2 5 1 4 4 4 1 5 4 2 3 1 2 7 2 6 1 1 . 6 7 2 6 0 . 2 1 . 32 4 4 6 4 3 9 8 6 0 1 0 8 1 1 4 1 1 9 4 2 4 4 3 . 5 7 2 6 7 . 2 3 . 5 7 2 6 8 3 . 12 4 4 6 4 5 3 8 6 0 1 2 2 1 2 5 6 3 1 4 2 4 2 . 8 4 7 2 6 2 . 8 3 . 7 7 2 6 2 . 8 3 . 22 4 4 6 4 7 7 8 6 0 2 1 5 1 2 1 0 3 9 4 2 2 8 . 6 1 . 8 7 2 3 4 . 6 1 . 8 7 2 3 4 1 . 22 4 4 6 4 7 7 8 6 0 2 1 5 1 2 1 2 4 7 4 2 1 9 . 6 1 . 8 7 2 3 3 . 8 1 . 8 7 2 3 2 . 4 1 . 82 4 4 6 4 9 5 8 6 0 3 0 5 1 2 4 8 3 1 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 . 5 7 2 6 1 1 . 6 7 2 6 0 . 2 1 . 52 4 4 6 4 9 5 8 6 0 3 0 5 1 2 5 0 3 9 4 2 9 9 . 8 1 . 9 7 2 5 9 . 2 1 . 5 7 2 5 8 . 2 2 . 82 4 4 6 5 2 3 8 6 0 4 0 2 1 2 3 9 2 7 4 3 1 0 . 6 1 . 8 7 2 2 7 . 2 1 . 9 7 2 2 7 . 6 1 . 3

32

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR RAW TSI DATAT S I A N G L E B A F F L E B A F F L E B A F F L E S I N G L E E A R T H E A R T H A V E R A G E D

M E A S U R E B E T W E E N T E M P T E M P T E M P T S I S U N S U N T S IA F T E R S U N & C E L S I U S C E L S I U S C E L S I U S V A L U E D I S T A N C E D I S T A N C E V A L U E

R E F E R E N C E A C R N A V A LS H U T T E R O P T I C A L T O C A L C U L A T E D T A B L E T OC L O S E D A X I S S U N L O W H I G H S U N

S T D A N G L E P R E C I S I O N P R E C I S I O N A N G L EC O U N T S D E G R E E S D E G R E E S D E G R E E S D E G R E E S D E G R E E S A U A U D E G R E E S

S D R C 2 A G 0 T B T A T H S O L D S M E S D P E S D T P T A2 . 9 3 . 3 1 9 . 7 9 1 9 . 6 1 9 . 6 5 1 3 6 5 . 9 0 . 9 9 2 3 5 5 5 0 . 9 9 2 3 1 2 1 1 3 6 61 . 2 2 . 3 3 1 9 . 9 3 2 0 . 1 1 1 9 . 9 8 1 3 6 5 . 3 0 . 9 9 1 3 4 3 6 0 . 9 9 1 3 0 2 3 1 3 6 5 . 32 . 9 1 . 9 3 1 9 . 4 4 1 9 . 6 7 1 9 . 4 8 1 3 6 1 . 5 0 . 9 8 3 3 7 3 8 0 . 9 8 3 3 4 0 8 1 3 6 3 . 81 . 3 1 . 1 4 1 9 . 4 5 1 9 . 6 2 1 9 . 4 8 1 3 6 5 . 1 0 . 9 8 4 3 6 0 3 0 . 9 8 4 3 4 7 8 1 3 6 5 . 12 . 6 1 . 0 8 1 9 . 2 5 1 9 . 4 8 1 9 . 2 8 1 3 6 5 . 7 0 . 9 8 6 2 2 9 7 0 . 9 8 6 1 6 8 9 1 3 6 5 . 43 . 6 2 . 7 5 2 9 . 2 6 2 9 . 3 8 2 9 . 2 6 1 3 6 4 . 9 0 . 9 8 8 9 2 0 4 0 . 9 8 8 9 3 1 1 1 3 6 4 . 92 . 4 0 . 8 6 2 9 . 2 8 2 9 . 4 2 9 . 2 8 1 3 6 5 . 2 0 . 9 8 8 9 2 0 4 0 . 9 8 8 9 3 1 1 1 3 6 4 . 93 . 3 3 . 7 6 2 9 . 3 1 2 9 . 4 2 2 9 . 3 1 1 3 6 5 0 . 9 8 8 9 2 0 4 0 . 9 8 8 9 3 1 1 1 3 6 4 . 90 . 8 1 . 1 1 1 9 . 7 4 1 9 . 9 4 1 9 . 7 6 1 3 6 4 . 9 0 . 9 9 2 2 3 7 6 0 . 9 9 2 1 9 9 1 1 3 6 51 . 3 0 . 8 1 9 . 4 7 1 9 . 6 4 1 9 . 4 9 1 3 6 5 . 3 0 . 9 9 6 0 3 6 4 0 . 9 9 6 0 6 9 3 1 3 6 5 . 11 . 4 2 . 2 8 2 2 . 6 8 2 2 . 7 9 2 2 . 6 8 1 3 6 4 . 7 1 . 0 0 0 0 8 6 8 1 . 0 0 0 0 6 9 6 1 3 6 4 . 71 . 5 2 . 0 6 2 2 . 6 9 2 2 . 8 2 2 . 6 9 1 3 6 4 . 7 1 . 0 0 0 0 8 6 8 1 . 0 0 0 0 6 9 6 1 3 6 4 . 71 . 8 0 . 4 6 1 8 . 6 1 1 8 . 8 1 1 8 . 6 5 1 3 6 5 . 1 1 . 0 0 4 0 2 1 6 1 . 0 0 4 0 6 4 2 1 3 6 5 . 21 . 1 1 . 2 5 1 9 . 9 4 2 0 . 1 4 1 9 . 9 5 1 3 6 4 . 2 1 . 0 0 7 7 4 2 1 . 0 0 7 7 3 7 3 1 3 6 4 . 41 . 5 0 . 8 9 2 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 4 2 0 . 2 2 1 3 6 4 . 9 1 . 0 0 9 4 4 9 6 1 . 0 0 9 4 4 6 1 1 3 6 4 . 41 . 5 1 . 7 4 1 9 . 4 1 1 9 . 5 8 1 9 . 4 2 1 3 6 4 . 1 1 . 0 1 3 6 7 0 3 1 . 0 1 3 6 7 0 8 1 3 6 4 . 3

2 3 . 2 3 2 3 . 5 4 2 3 . 6 4 2 3 . 5 3 1 3 6 4 . 4 1 . 0 1 6 0 8 5 7 1 . 0 1 6 1 2 6 8 1 3 6 4 . 71 . 5 1 . 0 2 2 3 . 5 6 2 3 . 6 4 2 3 . 5 4 1 3 6 4 . 7 1 . 0 1 6 0 8 5 7 1 . 0 1 6 1 2 6 8 1 3 6 4 . 71 . 2 1 . 8 7 1 9 . 4 8 1 9 . 6 5 1 9 . 4 9 1 3 6 5 . 2 1 . 0 1 6 5 4 9 2 1 . 0 1 6 5 5 1 3 1 3 6 4 . 91 . 3 2 . 2 1 9 . 4 5 1 9 . 6 5 1 9 . 4 7 1 3 6 3 . 8 1 . 0 1 6 6 2 9 5 1 . 0 1 6 6 3 5 5 1 3 6 41 . 2 1 . 6 2 1 9 . 7 7 1 9 . 9 7 1 9 . 7 9 1 3 6 4 . 8 1 . 0 1 5 7 8 2 1 . 0 1 5 7 8 5 1 3 6 4 . 52 . 9 3 . 7 1 9 1 9 . 1 9 1 9 . 0 2 1 3 6 5 . 3 1 . 0 1 4 0 3 7 8 1 . 0 1 4 0 2 8 8 1 3 6 5 . 41 . 9 4 . 7 2 2 6 . 8 3 2 6 . 9 4 2 6 . 8 2 1 3 6 5 . 4 1 . 0 1 1 5 2 6 1 1 . 0 1 1 5 3 6 1 1 3 6 4 . 91 . 2 1 . 5 4 2 6 . 8 6 2 6 . 9 7 2 6 . 8 5 1 3 6 4 . 7 1 . 0 1 1 5 2 6 1 1 . 0 1 1 5 3 6 1 1 3 6 4 . 91 . 5 1 . 9 1 2 6 . 8 9 2 6 . 9 9 2 6 . 8 8 1 3 6 4 . 6 1 . 0 1 1 5 2 6 1 1 . 0 1 1 5 3 6 1 1 3 6 4 . 91 . 5 2 . 0 4 1 9 . 7 1 1 9 . 8 8 1 9 . 7 3 1 3 6 4 . 8 1 . 0 0 8 3 2 6 8 1 . 0 0 8 3 1 1 2 1 3 6 4 . 41 . 5 2 . 9 7 1 9 . 6 4 1 9 . 8 3 1 9 . 6 5 1 3 6 4 . 7 1 . 0 0 4 6 6 8 8 1 . 0 0 4 6 9 3 9 1 3 6 4 . 91 . 3 3 . 8 9 2 3 . 3 4 2 3 . 4 6 2 3 . 3 2 1 3 6 4 . 7 1 . 0 0 0 7 1 . 0 0 0 6 8 6 8 1 3 6 4 . 81 . 9 0 . 8 3 2 3 . 3 7 2 3 . 5 1 2 3 . 3 6 1 3 6 4 . 9 1 . 0 0 0 7 1 . 0 0 0 6 8 6 8 1 3 6 4 . 81 . 5 2 . 8 8 1 9 . 1 9 1 9 . 4 1 9 . 2 1 1 3 6 4 . 7 0 . 9 9 6 6 9 6 2 0 . 9 9 6 7 3 7 4 1 3 6 52 . 4 3 . 2 9 1 8 . 3 5 1 8 . 5 6 1 8 . 3 9 1 3 6 5 . 2 0 . 9 9 5 5 1 8 4 0 . 9 9 5 5 3 6 9 1 3 6 51 . 5 2 . 7 8 2 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 0 7 1 3 6 5 . 9 0 . 9 9 2 6 1 6 2 0 . 9 9 2 6 0 7 1 1 3 6 5 . 72 . 9 3 . 6 6 1 9 . 6 7 1 9 . 8 3 1 9 . 6 8 1 3 6 5 . 1 0 . 9 8 9 4 3 8 7 0 . 9 8 9 4 8 5 1 1 3 6 5 . 11 . 9 2 . 3 3 1 9 . 7 1 1 9 . 8 9 1 9 . 7 1 1 3 6 4 . 2 0 . 9 8 6 6 2 2 6 0 . 9 8 6 6 0 4 2 1 3 6 3 . 81 . 7 4 . 0 5 2 3 . 8 7 2 3 . 9 7 2 3 . 8 5 1 3 6 4 . 3 0 . 9 8 3 9 2 8 0 . 9 8 3 9 3 6 3 1 3 6 4 . 61 . 1 0 . 5 3 2 3 . 9 1 2 4 2 3 . 8 8 1 3 6 4 . 8 0 . 9 8 3 9 2 8 0 . 9 8 3 9 3 6 3 1 3 6 4 . 61 . 3 1 . 7 2 1 9 . 9 3 2 0 . 1 1 1 9 . 9 3 1 3 6 4 . 9 0 . 9 8 3 4 8 4 5 0 . 9 8 3 4 5 4 4 1 3 6 4 . 63 . 1 2 . 8 8 1 9 . 4 4 1 9 . 6 1 1 9 . 4 6 1 3 6 5 . 3 0 . 9 8 3 3 5 7 4 0 . 9 8 3 3 7 7 1 1 3 6 53 . 2 2 . 6 7 1 9 . 8 2 1 9 . 9 8 1 9 . 8 3 1 3 6 5 . 1 0 . 9 8 4 2 2 1 8 0 . 9 8 4 1 8 4 7 1 3 6 5 . 11 . 2 3 . 7 2 2 . 5 4 2 2 . 6 7 2 2 . 5 2 1 3 6 4 . 9 0 . 9 8 7 8 1 5 6 0 . 9 8 7 8 0 4 9 1 3 6 4 . 61 . 8 0 . 9 5 2 2 . 5 7 2 2 . 7 2 2 . 5 5 1 3 6 4 . 5 0 . 9 8 7 8 1 5 6 0 . 9 8 7 8 0 4 9 1 3 6 4 . 61 . 5 4 . 3 7 1 9 . 9 6 2 0 . 1 4 1 9 . 9 6 1 3 6 4 . 9 0 . 9 9 1 9 3 3 4 0 . 9 9 1 9 2 5 9 1 3 6 4 . 72 . 8 2 . 5 4 2 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 1 1 3 6 4 . 7 0 . 9 9 1 9 3 3 4 0 . 9 9 1 9 2 5 9 1 3 6 4 . 71 . 3 3 . 5 5 2 3 . 2 9 2 3 . 3 7 2 3 . 2 7 1 3 6 5 . 2 0 . 9 9 9 6 6 6 0 . 9 9 9 6 5 0 5 1 3 6 5

33

SOLAR MONITOR MEASUREMENT PRECISION

- COMPARISONS AMONG TSI SPACECRAFT TIME SERIES.- COMPARISONS BETWEEN TSI MEASURMENTS AND EMPIRICAL DATA FITS BASED UPON SOLAR MAGNETIC INDICES.

- COMPARISONS AMONG ERBE ACR TSI MEASUREMENTS.

34

ACTIVE LONG-TERM SPACECRAFT MISSION TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) DATA SETS

1356

1358

1360

1362

1364

1366

1368

1370

1984 1989 1994 1999 2004Calendar Year

Tota

l Sol

ar Ir

radi

ance

, Wm

-2

1356

1358

1360

1362

1364

1366

1368

1370

VIRGO ACRIMSAT SORCE EMPIRICAL FIT ERBS

+ 2.8 Wm-2

35

SOLAR MONITOR MEASUREMENT PRECISION

- COMPARISONS AMONG TSI SPACECRAFT TIME SERIES.

- COMPARISONS BETWEEN TSI MEASURMENTS AND EMPIRICAL DATA FITS BASED UPON SOLAR MAGNETIC INDICES [WHEN LESS THAN 3 SIMULTANEOUS SPACECRAFT TSI DATA SETS ARE AVAILABLE].- COMPARISONS AMONG ERBE ACR TSI MEASUREMENTS.

36

LONG-TERM SPACECRAFT TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MISSIONS DATA SETS

1358

1360

1362

1364

1366

1368

1370

1372

1374

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008Calendar Year

Tota

l sol

ar Ir

radi

ance

, Wm

-2

UARS ACRIM II VIRGO ACRIMSAT SORCE NIMBUS-7 SMM ACRIM I ERBS

+2.8 Wm-2

VALIDATION REGIONS

37

SOLAR MAGNETIC INDICES

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

4/28/1983 4/28/1987 4/28/1991 4/28/1995 4/28/1999 4/28/2003

TIME

SS N

UM

BER

& P

PSI

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

10.7

-CM

SO

LAR

FLU

X

SUNSPOT NUMBER PPSI 10.7-CM SOLAR FLUX

38

.

INDICES OF SOLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY

0

50

100

150

200

250

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Calendar Year

10.7

-cm

Sol

ar F

lux,

1022

Wm

-2H

z-1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Suns

pot N

umbe

r or P

PSI

Prompt Photometric Sunspot Index (PPSI) F10.7-cm Solar Flux Sunspot Number

39

REGRESSION FIT MODELTHE MODEL IS DERIVED FROM MULTI-REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE MARCH 1985 TO AUGUST 1989 ERBS IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS, THE CORRESPONDING PHOTOMETRIC SUNSPOT INDEX (PSI, SUNSPOT DARKENING), AND THE 10.7-CM SOLAR RADIO FLUX (F10,FACULAE BRIGHTENING) VALUES. THE RESULTING IRRADIANCE REGRESSION FIT I*,ARE

IERBS = 1362.9 - (7053 x PPSI) + [0.02953 x 1022 (F10)] - [0.00005 x 1044(F10)2]

AND

IN7 = 1369.9 - (592 x PPSI) + [0.02561 x 1022 (F10)] - [0.00005 x 1044(F10)2]

WHERE F10 IS EXPRESSED IN SOLAR FLUX UNITS (1 sfu=10-22 Wm-2 Hz-1) AND PPSI IS EXPRESSED IN UNITS OF 10-5 Wm-2.

40

ERBS ERBE SOLAR MONITOR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASURMENTS: OCT. 25, 1984 - MARCH 24, 2004

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1984 1989 1994 1999 2004TIME

TOTA

L SO

LAR

IRR

AD

IAN

CE

(TSI

), W

m-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

STD

EV T

SI, W

m-2

MEASUREMENTS EMPIRICAL FIT STDEV MEASUREMENTS

+ 2.8 Wm-2

MARCH-APRIL 1992 OCTOBER 29, 2003 SOLAR STORM

41

SUNSPOT DIAGRAM: MARCH 1992

42

ERBE SOLAR MONITOR MEASUREMENT OF TSI DECREASES DUE SUNSPOT DARKENING: MARCH 23 THRU APRIL 3, 1992

1363.5

1364

1364.5

1365

1365.5

1366

1366.5

1992.224 1992.229 1992.234 1992.239 1992.244 1992.249YEAR

TOTA

L SO

LAR

IRR

AD

IAN

CE

(TSI

), W

m-2

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

TSI S

IGM

AS,

Wm

-2

TSI MEASUREMENT TSI EMPIRICAL FIT MEASUREMENT SIGMAS

TSI FIT = 1362.9 - (7053 x PPSI) + [0.02953 x 1022 (F10)] - [0.00005 x 1044(F10)2]

43

ACTIVE CAVITY RADIOMETER [ACR]: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE [TSI] EMPIRICAL MODEL FIT AND LONG-TERM

SPACECRAFT MEASUREMENTS

DIFERENCES BETWEEN EMPIRICAL MODEL FIT AND SPACECRAFT TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004CALENDAR YEAR

TOTA

L SO

LAR

IRR

AD

IAN

CE,

Wm

-2

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

MODEL-UARS MODEL-ERBS MODEL-SORCE MODEL-SOHO

44

SOLAR MONITOR MEASUREMENT PRECISION

- COMPARISONS AMONG TSI SPACECRAFT TIME SERIES.

- COMPARISONS BETWEEN TSI MEASURMENTS AND EMPIRICAL DATA FITS BASED UPON SOLAR MAGNETIC INDICES.

- COMPARISONS AMONG ERBE ACR TSI MEASUREMENTS.

45

SENSOR DEGRADATION

46

ERBE NONSCANNING TOTAL ACTIVE-CAVITY RADIOMETERS (ACR’s)

TOTAL WIDE FOV [TWFOV] ACR

TOTAL MEDIUM FOV [TMFOV] ACR

SOLAR MONITORACR

47

ELEVATION GEOMETRY FOR INTERNAL CALIBRATIONS [OFFSETS], SOLAR CALIBRATIONS [GAINS], AND

NOMINAL EARTH-VIEWING [OFFSETS] MEASUREMENTS

48

ERBE TOTAL WIDE FOV [TWFOV] & TOTAL MEDIUM FOV [TMFOV] ACR SENSORS

TOTAL WIDE FOV ACR SENSOR

TOTAL MEDIUM FOV ACR SENSOR

SOLAR MONITOR ACR SENSOR

49

365-DAY RUNNING MEANS OF ERBS/ERBE TWFOV & TMFOV ACR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS COMPARED WITH REFERENCE

SOLAR MONITOR TSI VALUES

1364

1364

1365

1365

1366

1366

1367

1367

1984 1989 1994 1999 2004Calendar Year

Tota

l sol

ar ir

radi

ance

(TSI

), W

m-2

TMFOV TWFOV Solar Monitor (SM)

0.2%

10-YEAR TSI VARIABILITY CYCLE

0.07% TWFOV RESPONSE DECREASE

50

52-WEEK RUNNING MEANS OF ERBS/ERBE TWFOV & TMFOV ACR TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) MEASUREMENTS COMPARED

WITH REFERENCE SOLAR MONITOR TSI VALUES

1364

1364

1365

1365

1366

1366

1367

1367

1984 1989 1994 1999 2004Calendar Year

Tota

l sol

ar ir

radi

ance

(TSI

), W

m-2

TMFOV TWFOV Solar Monitor (SM) TWFOV CORRECTED

0.2%

10-YEAR TSI VARIABILITY CYCLE

TWFOVCORRECTED

TWFOVUNCORRECTED

51

.

- The EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE (ERBS) SPACECRAFT AND THE EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT (ERBE) SOLAR MONITOR IS EXPECTED TO BE OPERATIONAL THROUGH 2009, SUNSPOT MAXIMUM.

52

Publication References

1. ERBS : R. B. Lee III et al., 1995, Long-term total solar irradiance variability during sunspot cycle 22, JGR, vol. 100, no. A2, 1667-1675. R. B. Lee III et al., 1998, Validation of 1985-1997 active cavity radiometer spacescraft measurements of total solar irradiance variability, Proc. Conference on Earth Observing Systems, SPIE , 3439, 377-388, July 19-21, 1998, San Diego, CA.

2. NIMBUS7 : Kyle, H. L. et al., 1993, Nimbus 7 Earth Radiation Budget Calibration History, I, The Solar Channels, Rep. RP-1316, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

3. UARS, SMM, ACRIMSAT: Willson, R. C., 1997, Total solar irradiance trend During solar cycles 21 and 22, Science, 277,1963-1965, September 26, 1997. Wilson R.C., 2001, The ACRIMSAT/ACRIM III experiment – extending the precision, long-term total solar irradiance climate database, The Earth Observer 13 (3): 14-17.

4. SOLCON/SOVA 1/VIRGO,: Crommelynck, D., Fichot, A., Domingo, V., Lee, R. B.,1996, Preliminary Results of”SOLCON Solar Constant Observations from the ATLAS missions, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, No. 17 , 2293-2295. Dewitte, S., Joukoff, A., Crommelynck, D., Lee, R.B., Helizon, R., Wilson, R.S., 2001, Contribution of the Solar Constant (SOLCON) program to the long-term total solar irradiance observations, J Geophys Res 106 (A8): 15759-15765.

5. PMOD/VIRGO: M. Anklin, C. Frohlich, W. Finsterle,D. Crommelynck, S. Dewitte, 1998, Assessment of the degradation of VIRGO radiometers onboard SOHO, Metrologia, 37, 387-391.

53

Data Source References1.ERBS: The 1984-1999 measurements can be obtained from the Langley Distributed Active Archive Center [DAAC] by telnet eosdis.larc.nasa.gov,login name: ims, password: larcims or by NCSA Mosaic using the URL addresshttp://eosdis.larc.nasa.gov

2. UARS, SMM: The 1991-1998 measurements can be obtained from the ACRMSAT web page acrim.com or the Langley Distributed Active Archive Center [DAAC] by telnet eosdis.larc.nasa.gov,login name: ims, password: larcims or by NCSA Mosaic using the URL address http://eosdis.larc.nasa.gov

3. NIMBUS 7 The 1980-1993 measurements can be obtained from the Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center [DAAC] using the URL address http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov

5. SOLCON/ SOVA 1/VIRGO: Dominique Crommelynck ,Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium Avenue Circulaire, 3,1180 Bruxelles, Phone Number: (32 2) 3730600, Fax Number : (32 2) 3746788 E-Mail: dcr@radio.oma.be

54

ERBS/ERBE SOLAR MONITOR RAW TSI DATAJULIAN CALENDAR TIME TSI TSI TSI TSI TSI TSIDAY YEAR/ HOURS/ MEASURE SUN MEASURE MEASURE MEASURE MEASURE

MONTH/ MINUTES/ SUN SHUTTER BEFORE BEFORE AFTER AFTERDAY SECONDS OPENED REFERENCEREFERENCEREFERENCEREFERENCE

SHUTTER SHUTTER SHUTTER SHUTTER SHUTTEROPENED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED

YY:MM:DDHH:MM:SS STD STD STDDATEJM Y/M/D H:MI:S COUNTS COUNTS COUNTS COUNTS COUNTS COUNTSDATEJM Y/M/D H:MI:S CX SDCX RC1 SDRC1 RC2 SDRC22446006 841101 84312 4319.6 3 7268.6 2.8 7263.4 2.92446010 841105 61944 4304.2 3 7265.2 2.4 7266 1.22446063 841228 83512 4236.4 3 7265 1.6 7263.2 2.92446089 850123 16656 4247.2 1.5 7266.6 0.9 7266.8 1.32446103 850206 13214 4261.2 2.8 7267.4 1.5 7266.4 2.62446117 850220 13328 4108.4 4.3 7161.8 3.2 7162 3.62446117 850220 13536 4102.4 4 7161.8 3.1 7161.2 2.42446117 850220 13744 4110.4 2.9 7160.6 3.8 7161.2 3.32446131 850306 111024 4301.8 1.6 7261.2 1.8 7259.8 0.82446145 850320 12574 4339.2 1.9 7265.2 2.6 7266.2 1.32446159 850403 173008 4318.6 2.3 7231.8 1.9 7232 1.42446159 850403 173216 4317.8 1.8 7232 1.4 7231.6 1.52446173 850417 135648 4416.2 3.7 7274.4 3.6 7274.8 1.82446187 850051 12494 4421 1.9 7260 1.2 7258.8 1.12446194 850058 12400 4428 1.9 7257.8 1.6 7255.6 1.52446215 850529 123928 4479.6 2.7 7267 1.7 7267.2 1.52446235 850618 120936 4427 3.2 7222.2 2 7222.2 22446235 850618 121144 4421.2 1.5 7223 1.2 7221.8 1.52446243 850626 121040 4495.4 4 7265.6 2.8 7266 1.22446257 850710 123543 4498.2 1.5 7265 1.4 7263.8 1.32446271 850724 121455 4483.2 1.9 7261.4 1.5 7261 1.22446285 850807 140447 4491.6 2.9 7271.2 3.3 7271.2 2.92446299 850821 115823 4341.6 2.7 7189 1.9 7187.8 1.92446299 850821 120031 4331.8 2.6 7188.6 1.5 7188 1.22446299 850821 120239 4331.2 2.3 7187.4 2.7 7187.2 1.52446313 850904 133007 4431.2 3.5 7261.8 2.8 7262.8 1.52446327 850918 121735 4409.8 1.9 7264.6 2.5 7263.6 1.52446341 851002 133943 4316 1.9 7223.8 1.1 7224.2 1.32446341 851002 134151 4306 2.1 7224 2 7223 1.92446355 851016 131543 4353.6 2.3 7267.4 2.1 7267.6 1.52446359 851020 175751 4361.6 3.9 7278.2 3 7277.2 2.42446370 851031 120447 4305.8 3.2 7260 3.1 7261.2 1.52446383 851113 130951 4291 3.4 7263.6 3 7263.6 2.92446397 851127 133527 4264.2 1.5 7262.4 1.5 7263 1.92446417 851218 114711 4171.4 2.2 7218.8 1.5 7217.6 1.72446417 851218 114919 4159.2 2.3 7218.4 1.5 7217.4 1.12446425 851225 144415 4231 2 7261 1.6 7260.2 1.32446439 860108 114119 4244 3.5 7267.2 3.5 7268 3.12446453 860122 125631 4242.8 4 7262.8 3.7 7262.8 3.22446477 860215 121039 4228.6 1.8 7234.6 1.8 7234 1.22446477 860215 121247 4219.6 1.8 7233.8 1.8 7232.4 1.82446495 860305 124831 4310.4 2.5 7261 1.6 7260.2 1.52446495 860305 125039 4299.8 1.9 7259.2 1.5 7258.2 2.82446523 860402 123927 4310.6 1.8 7227.2 1.9 7227.6 1.3