1960 ’ s – a time of change
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1960 ’ s – A Time of Change. Chapters 21 & 24. 1960 ’ s Timeline. 1959Fidel Castro seized power in Cuba 1960 Pres. Kennedy elected 1961Berlin Wall built in Germany 1963 March on Washington 1963 South Vietnamese government overthrown 1963 JFK Assassinated - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1960’s – A Time of Change
Chapters 21 & 24
1960’s Timeline
1959 Fidel Castro seized power in Cuba 1960 Pres. Kennedy elected 1961 Berlin Wall built in Germany 1963 March on Washington 1963 South Vietnamese government overthrown 1963 JFK Assassinated 1963 Equal Pay Act passed by Congress 1964 Pres. Johnson elected 1965 La Huelga – grape strike 1966 Black Panther Party begins 1966 Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of India 1967 6 Day War Israel v. many Arab nations 1968 Kerner Commission releases report 1968 N. Korea takes a U.S. Navy ship – crew released 1 year later 1968 American Indian Movement organized 1968 Pres. Nixon elected 1973 U.S. forces negotiate a peace treaty in Vietnam 1975 N. Vietnamese capture S. Vietnamese capital (Saigon)
I Spy…Pg. 1 and 2 in Packet
Key Vocabulary– Domino Theory– Ho Chi Minh– Vietcong– Escalation– Defoliants – List the
most widely used– Search-and-destroy
missions– Ngo Dinh Diem– Le Loi– Vietminh– Vietnamization
Map Skills (Pg.707/714)
– Locate the following: Vietnam Mekong Delta Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City Red River Delta DMZ Cambodia Laos Ho Chi Minh Trail
1960 Election
22 Amendment stopped Eisenhower from running for another term.
What is the 22 Amendment???
JFK – LARGER than LifeDuring life AND in Death
Ask anyone who was alive on November 22, 1963 where
they were on that day and they will be able to tell you where they were and what they were doing when they heard the terrible news...
Their beloved president was DEAD!
JFK – Has gone down as one of the best Presidents in US History…
We are going to use our
“Detective Hats” to prove (or disprove) this statement
Turn to Pg. 3 in Packet
Debate: Opening Remarks
Kennedy
0-7:30
Nixon
7:30-10:00
Positives / Negatives of Each
Nixon Experienced Mature looking Stood on camera
during debates looking worn out
JFK Vibrant Good/young looking Catholic Stood on camera
during debates looking fit, energetic & relaxed
Selection of LBJ
1960 Inauguration &
White House Make Over Jackie brought “appreciation of arts” to the
White House and organized a major restoration on the White House.
First time young kids were in White House since Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
Reality – Family took effort to control public appearance– JFK – did not take photos in his glasses and later
manipulated lighting to hide a double chin– JFK – suffered from Addison’s disease and was in
physical pain “half of his day’s on earth”
Kennedy’s Domestic Policy
The New Frontier Increase government spending Unemployment was high
– Informal wage and price controls Campaign against steel companies
– Feared rise in steel prices would lead to higher prices of goods
– Felt they were not “sacrificing”– Canceled government contracts
Proposed tax reduction– Did not pass in Congress
Helped disadvantaged
Kennedy’s Foreign PolicyFill out Pg. 4 in Packet
Had trouble getting legislation passed– Southern Dems & Conservative Reps
didn’t like JFK’s agenda & voted against
Foreign PolicyPolicy Description +/-
Flexible Response
Peace Corps
Alliance for Progress
Foreign Policy
Policy Description Outcome: +/-
Flexible Response Wanted options to block communist expansion – not just nuclear weapons
Positive - Created Green Berets
Peace Corps Sent American volunteers to work 2 yrs in developing countries
Positive – Still around today
Alliance for Progress Offered billions to aid Latin American countries to encourage democratic ideas and capitalism
Negative – Latin American countries needed more than US was willing to provide and money went to corrupt politicians
Bay of Pigs Fill out Pg. 5 in Packet
Who?
What?
When?
Where?
Why?
How?
Bay of PigsWho? Fidel Castro overthrew gov. 1959
What? JFK allowed CIA to proceed with a plan to overthrow Castro
When? April 17, 1961
Where? Invasion on Pay of Pigs, Cuba
Why? Important because invasion was a disaster
How? Disaster because we did not give the support Cuban rebels needed and looked weak to the Soviet Union
Because we were “weak”…Soviets
Berlin Crisis Because people were
leaving East Berlin, Soviets built Berlin Wall in 1961
How does this show the real meaning of the Cold War??
Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet missiles to Cuba Oct. 1962 – CIA noticed
many nuclear weapons JFK – Stated that
armed ships to Cuba would be forced back & demanded Soviets remove missiles
Soviets complied & US removed some missiles from foreign sites
Assassination
Johnson’s Great Society
Launched War on Poverty– Created an Office of Economic Opportunity to
create antipoverty programs– Work/Job training, Head Start & VISTA
(domestic peace corps) Had little trouble passing legislation 1964 Election – Johnson vs. Goldwater
– Portrayed Goldwater as extremist– Peace Little Girl Commercial
We’re on the way to the Great Society…
Medicare- Medicaid- Higher Education – Helped low-income, qualified
students attend college
Housing & Urban Development Act – Assists low-income families in obtaining affordable housing
Elem. & Secondary Education Act- Corporation for Public Broadcasting- Civil Rights Acts
Pg. 641-2 Fill out Pg. 5 in Packet
We’re on the way to the Great Society…
Medicare- National insurance for people over 65
Medicaid- Provides free health care to needy
Higher Education – Helped low-income, qualified students attend college
Housing & Urban Development Act – Assists low-income families in obtaining affordable housing
Elem. & Secondary Education Act- Provided money to schools in poor areas
Corporation for Public Broadcasting- Non-Profit that offers educational television programming.
Civil Rights Acts
Pg. 641-2
End of Great Society – back to Cold War
22,000 Marines to Dominican Republic to contain communist influence
1966 – Spent more on War in Vietnam than on War on Poverty– Decline in Johnson’s Great Society
because he lost focus on his programs and gave new focus to Vietnam
Miranda RightsMiranda v Arizona said-_________________________________________
1. You have the right to remain silent.
2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.
3. You have the right to have an attorney present before any questioning.
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning. Do you understand these rights?
Pg. 644
Sentence from Miranda Put in your own words
Bill of Rights or Court Case
1. You have the right to remain silent.
2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.
3. You have the right to have an attorney present before any questioning.
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning. Do you understand these rights?
Read Background of Miranda Case , use Bill of Rights handout and Pg. 644 to complete the table. Fill out Pg. 6 in Packet
Introduction to the War in Vietnam
Chapter 24
Pages 704-705
Look at the timeline…
Find something that you find interesting, then find a partner wearing the same color as you and tell them what you found and why you thought it was interesting.
When you are both finished sharing, return to your seats and we will get started!!
Did you know??
Vietnam won its independence from France in 1954. 2 million Americans served in Vietnam The conflict lasted more than a decade and left deep
emotional scars on people of both Vietnam and the US.
Many people were left displaced and came to the states.
Build on what you know…Write your answers on Pg. 7 in your packet
After WWII, the US opposed the spread of ____________ in the world.
In the early 1950’s, the US fought in ________.
In the 1960’s, the US fought this unpopular war. ____________
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Write your answers on Pg. 7 in your packet.
Under certain circumstances, one nation has the right to intervene in the affairs of another.
The system of checks and balances will be damaged if one branch of government becomes too strong.
In a democracy, there should be no limits to a person’s right to protest government actions.
Please support your answers.
Chapter 24:War in Vietnam
Section 1: Background to Conflict
Let’s Get Started!!
In your notebook, write down 10 words that you associate with Vietnam.
We will make a class list when you are finished.
What you have to know…to understand Vietnam
Why did China and France want to control Vietnam?
Thousands of years ago—200 BC Agriculture
1400’s Le Loi rebels
1800’s Imperialism French Indochina
Ho Chi Minh
He Who Enlightens Nguyen That Thahn
Communist Lived in China and
Soviet Union
Ho Chi Minh and France
Vietminh—1941 Hold off the Japanese
and claim independence
Famous Speech US backs France
instead—Why? Domino Effect
Mao Zedong
France Faces Defeat
US backed France faced defeat after defeat Ho Chi Minh quote
page 708 Dien Bien Phu
French defeated 1954Dien Bien Phu fell on May 7, 1954, and the defeated French left Indochina shortly thereafter. Here, captured French soldiers trudge through the fields after the surrender at Dien Bien Phu. (AP photo/Vietnam News Agency)
The Geneva Conference
Chinese Communist Limit the US influence
but opposed a strong Vietnam
Americans Did not want it to
become all Communist.
Results:
Cease-fire but no political settlement
17th Parallel until the election of 1956 —US refuses
The US enters the war
1961 - JFK wanted to save image after Bay of Pigs and aided South Vietnam in order to assert power – Backed Diem
National Liberation Front
Vietminh still living in the South but funded by the North
Overthrow Diem Vietcong—Vietnamese
Communists in the south that supported the north
The Rule of Ngo Dinh Diem
Very unpopular Election was rigged Roman Catholic-
Predominant religion—Buddhists
Diem’s family in control Ruthless and brutal Favored wealthy
Diem’s Overthrow
November of 1963 Buddhist had planned
an overthrow Henry Cabot Lodge
meets with Diem Both he and his
brother were killed
Kennedy said, shortly after the fall of Diem, “In the final analysis, it is their (the South Vietnamese) war. They are the ones who have to win or lose it.”
In Section 2 you can see how this war escalates…
Section 2
The Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Gave the president the authority to take “all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United States.”
Escalation of Forces in Vietnam
Selective Service calls up draft 13,700 called up to serve
More than 2 million men served in Vietnam
Song of War
Who made up the troops?
1 out of 4 were excused for health reasons
Another 30% received exemptions or deferments for college
Typically younger, poorer, and less educated than WWII and Korea Soldiers
High percent of African American and Hispanics served and were killed.
Life of a Soldier
Video
4:43
Read Views of Vietnam Pg. 716
My Lai Massacre
History.com video
Media in WWII
Before Vietnam – reporters always had strict restrictions on publications
Based on how the country reacted to WWII, what do you think people heard on the radio and in papers?
Media and the Vietnam War
•Grusome images•Reporters, photographers and camera crews accompanied soldiers
•Americans saw images that contradicted government’s reports
•Doves: People who opposed•Hawks: Supporters of war goals
Media and the War in Iraq
What have you seen over the past few years in the media about Iraq?
Media—How does it help or hurt war?
The Antiwar Movement
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) 1965 – 124 College campuses joined Held anti-war rallies / debates Protested the draft
In Section 3, you will learn how the country changed and how they planned on ending the war.
Section 3
The Tet Offensive Video
January 30, 1968 – While South Vietnamese and US troops slept…
A carefully planned strike We THOUGHT US was winning – after there
was public criticism Shift in public opinion had Johnson turn down
request for more troops
1968 Election
Robert Kennedy Eugene McCarthy V.P. Hubert Humphrey Johnson does not seek re-election!!
VS RepublicansNixon & Agnew
And this guy…
George Wallace – Independent Carried 5 states and won votes of white southern
democrats
Nixon won over Wallace & Humphrey
Nixon promised a “law & order” crackdown on urban crime and a secret plan to end Vietnam war.
Nixon on Vietnam War
Nixon’s Goal to end the war…
Chose Henry Kissinger – advised Eisenhower – George Bush Sr.
Vietnamization – turning fighting over to S. Vietnamese while pulling out US troops = “peace with honor” 1969: 540,000 Troops 1972: 24,200
Secret bombing campaign of Cambodia – later made public N. Vietnam major invasion of S. Vietnam and war
became more fierce.
In Section 4 you will learn how the Vietnam War ends…
Section 4
How it actually ended…
1971 – 26 Amendment passed 1972 Election
Nixon wins by a landslide!! Peace Plan – Many were rejected before…
1973: Settled on withdrawing US troops from S. Vietnam, but could help rebuild it.
Prisoner-exchange agreement No talks of S. Vietnamese politics 1975 – N. Vietnam overran S. Vietnam
Costs…
Effort to prevent a Communist Vietnam failed. Cambodia & Laos heavily damaged Domino Theory did not occur
Costs Continued…
Costs: Troops Civilians
S. Vietnam 185,000 KIA 500,000
Vietcong/N. Vietnam
Approx. 1 Million KIA
800,000 Orphaned
181,000 disabled
US 58,000 KIA
300,000 wounded
2,500 MIA
Economic Costs…
150 Billion to US Contributed to debt & inflation in US Took funds from domestic programs
War Powers Act – Set a 60-day limit on president’s authority to commit U.S. troops to serve in a foreign conflict.
After Effects…
1.5 Million refugees fled Vietnam
Hmong of LaosApprox. 730,000 settled in US
Veterans return – NOT like we see today Difficulty adjusting Agent Orange Rejected Memorial created