19391939Start of the WarStart of the War

Reaction to Reaction to CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Hitler’s invasion of Czechoslovakia Hitler’s invasion of Czechoslovakia

broke the Munich Agreement.broke the Munich Agreement. Chamberlain felt Hitler could not Chamberlain felt Hitler could not

be trusted.be trusted. Hitler could not justify this Hitler could not justify this

invasion as being part of greater invasion as being part of greater Germany since these people were Germany since these people were not German.not German.

Britain and France Britain and France AllianceAlliance Both nations agreed to speed up Both nations agreed to speed up

rearmament.rearmament. Had to stop all German Had to stop all German

aggressionaggression Defend Poland at all costs.Defend Poland at all costs.

PolandPoland

Germany demanded the polish Germany demanded the polish corridor and Danzig which was corridor and Danzig which was lost in the T.O.Vlost in the T.O.V

Italy and Germany signed the Italy and Germany signed the Pact of Steel agreement to help Pact of Steel agreement to help each other in war.each other in war.

Hitler convinced Allies would do Hitler convinced Allies would do nothing.nothing.

Nazi Soviet PactNazi Soviet Pact Hitler and Allies both wanted the Hitler and Allies both wanted the

Soviets on their side.Soviets on their side. Hitler did not want a war on two Hitler did not want a war on two

fronts East (Soviets and West fronts East (Soviets and West (Allies).(Allies).

Stalin was weak after the war and Stalin was weak after the war and purges.purges.

Stalin was terrified of being Stalin was terrified of being overthrown. He killed or overthrown. He killed or imprisoned 11 million people imprisoned 11 million people including army officers.including army officers.

Nazi-Soviet PactNazi-Soviet Pact

Stalin chooses to ally with Hitler Stalin chooses to ally with Hitler because:because:

Allies will want him to fight right Allies will want him to fight right away.away.

He could share in the division of He could share in the division of PolandPoland

He was mad because of being left He was mad because of being left out of Munich.out of Munich.

Hitler Invades PolandHitler Invades Poland

With the alliances of the U.S.S.R With the alliances of the U.S.S.R and Italy settled Hitler takes and Italy settled Hitler takes Poland.Poland.

The Allies declare war.The Allies declare war. Within 1 year Hitler takes Poland, Within 1 year Hitler takes Poland,

Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Holland, and France.Holland, and France.

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

Based on planes and tanksBased on planes and tanks Bombers attacked airfields and Bombers attacked airfields and

communication centres communication centres Limited reinforcements and Limited reinforcements and

defencesdefences

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

Paratroopers dropped behind Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines enemy lines

Captured bridges and Captured bridges and communication towerscommunication towers

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

Bombers attacked enemy strong Bombers attacked enemy strong pointspoints

Tanks broke through weakened Tanks broke through weakened points and outflanked front linespoints and outflanked front lines

Why was it effective?Why was it effective? New tacticNew tactic Allies prepared for trench warfare Allies prepared for trench warfare

and spread themselves thin to and spread themselves thin to cover the borders.cover the borders.

Speed of tanks allowed Germans Speed of tanks allowed Germans to surround allies in the trench. to surround allies in the trench.

Allies were on the defensive Allies were on the defensive prepared for a long struggle.prepared for a long struggle.

Maginot LineMaginot Line

Maginot LineMaginot Line

Maginot LineMaginot Line

French built a line of defences French built a line of defences Germans went around the line of Germans went around the line of

defences and surrounded itdefences and surrounded it French surrendered.French surrendered. Germany takes Paris. French allowed Germany takes Paris. French allowed

to Control Southern France. to Control Southern France. Petain becomes a puppet ruler to Petain becomes a puppet ruler to

Hitler, does everything Hitler wants.Hitler, does everything Hitler wants.

Miracle at DunkirkMiracle at Dunkirk

After French surrender, French After French surrender, French and British troops run to the Port and British troops run to the Port of Dunkirk, still in Allied control.of Dunkirk, still in Allied control.

Britain hoped to be able to save Britain hoped to be able to save 50,000 troops.50,000 troops.

Miracle at DunkirkMiracle at Dunkirk

The British public used every boat The British public used every boat available to evacuate the troops.available to evacuate the troops.

Under fire from German LuftwaffeUnder fire from German Luftwaffe 340,000 men evacuated.340,000 men evacuated.

How did it workHow did it work

Royal Air Force shot down many Royal Air Force shot down many German bombers.German bombers.

Hitler didn’t send in tanks so he Hitler didn’t send in tanks so he could save them to fight the could save them to fight the FrenchFrench

Land was flooded around Dunkirk, Land was flooded around Dunkirk, not good for tanks.not good for tanks.

Goering said the bombers would Goering said the bombers would do the job.do the job.

Britain AloneBritain Alone

This left Britian to fight alone.This left Britian to fight alone. Depended on Churchill to raise Depended on Churchill to raise

morale with many famous morale with many famous speeches.speeches.

U.S was Neutral at the time but U.S was Neutral at the time but did send aid and supplies to did send aid and supplies to Britain.Britain.

Battle of BritainBattle of BritainOperation SealionOperation Sealion Hitler needed control of sea and Hitler needed control of sea and

air to invade with troops.air to invade with troops. Germany uses the Luftwaffe (air Germany uses the Luftwaffe (air

force bombers) to destroy ships force bombers) to destroy ships and air bases.and air bases.

BlitzBlitz

Just when the British we about to Just when the British we about to lose their last air field Germany lose their last air field Germany attacked London.attacked London.

This was to try and get the British This was to try and get the British to surrender.to surrender.

Revenge for British bombing of Revenge for British bombing of German cities.German cities.

Everything was targeted.Everything was targeted.

BlitzBlitz

Targeting cities did allow the Targeting cities did allow the British to rebuild the air Force. British to rebuild the air Force.

Built 1836 planes in 4 months.Built 1836 planes in 4 months. Germans were losing twice as Germans were losing twice as

many planes.many planes. British had radar technologiesBritish had radar technologies German Planes could not fight German Planes could not fight

long as they would run out of fuel.long as they would run out of fuel.

Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa

Hitler Knew the only way Britain Hitler Knew the only way Britain could fight back was with help could fight back was with help from the Soviets or the U.S.from the Soviets or the U.S.

Hitler attacks the Soviets because Hitler attacks the Soviets because he hates communismhe hates communism

Valuable resources Valuable resources Living space for Germans Living space for Germans

(Lebensraum)(Lebensraum)

FailedFailed

The geography of the U.S.S.R was The geography of the U.S.S.R was not suitable for Blitzkrieg (too big)not suitable for Blitzkrieg (too big)

Hitler spread out his troops to attack Hitler spread out his troops to attack three areas at the same time.three areas at the same time.

Winter set in and troops froze to Winter set in and troops froze to deathdeath

Allies provided aid through the artic Allies provided aid through the artic and Persia.and Persia.

Pearl HarbourPearl Harbour

On December 7On December 7thth Japanese attack Japanese attack Pearl Harbour.Pearl Harbour.

Germany joins Japan in declaring Germany joins Japan in declaring war on U.S.war on U.S.

U.S. enters the war.U.S. enters the war.

Deliverance Day (D-Deliverance Day (D-Day)Day) After 2 years of planning D-day is After 2 years of planning D-day is

launch.launch. Allies land on the beaches of Allies land on the beaches of

Normandy.Normandy. Landing spots are named Utah, Landing spots are named Utah,

Omaha for the U.S, Juno for Omaha for the U.S, Juno for Canada, Gold and Sword for Canada, Gold and Sword for British.British.

Operation code name OverlordOperation code name Overlord

D-Day ContinuedD-Day Continued Airborne troops protected the flanksAirborne troops protected the flanks Navy bombarded the Nazi Navy bombarded the Nazi

fortificationsfortifications Nazis did not suspect the landing at Nazis did not suspect the landing at

Normandy allies sent a decoy Normandy allies sent a decoy invasion at Calaisinvasion at Calais

Hitler decided to not send Hitler decided to not send reinforcements to Normandyreinforcements to Normandy

Air force bombed Nazi comunication Air force bombed Nazi comunication towers.towers.

D-Day SuccessD-Day Success

At the end of the first day the At the end of the first day the allies controlled 10 kms of beach.allies controlled 10 kms of beach.

Landed half a million vehicles and Landed half a million vehicles and 4 million tons of supplies. (mostly 4 million tons of supplies. (mostly U.S.)U.S.)

August, 2 months later, Paris is August, 2 months later, Paris is liberatedliberated

German SurrenderGerman Surrender

April 25 Russians surround BerlinApril 25 Russians surround Berlin April 30April 30thth Hitler and wife Eva Hitler and wife Eva

Braun commit suicideBraun commit suicide May 5May 5thth Germany surrenders. Germany surrenders.

Hitler’s 3 mistakesHitler’s 3 mistakes

1.1. Failure to finish off troops at Failure to finish off troops at Dunkirk and Battle of Britain.Dunkirk and Battle of Britain.

2.2. Attacking the U.S.S.R opening Attacking the U.S.S.R opening two fronts.two fronts.

3.3. Not sending reinforcements to Not sending reinforcements to Normandy.Normandy.