18th-19th century art: neoclassicism, romanticism, and...
TRANSCRIPT
ART OF THE MODERN ERA
18th-19th Century Art:
Neoclassicism, Romanticism,
and Realism
NEOCLASSICAL ART
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT: (1750–1850)
An intellectual and scientific movement of 18th century Europe
which was characterized by a rational and scientific approach to
religious, social, political, and economic issues. The Age of
Enlightenment led directly to the American Revolution and French
Revolution and strongly influenced the Industrial Revolution
Neoclassical Art: c. 1750-1925
Subject Matter
• nationalistic themes • moral behavior • classical stories, appearance,
and settings • logic and reason
Style
• subdued palette • smooth and imperceptible
brushwork • simple, clean lines • rebirth of Classicism
Context
• Revolutions in France and America
• Reaction against frivolity and emotion of Baroque and Rococo
• Enlightenment
Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784
WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT? WHY WAS IT CREATED?
WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE? WHAT IS ITS MEANING?
Jacques-Louis David, Death of Socrates, 1787
WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT? WHY WAS IT CREATED?
WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE? WHAT IS ITS MEANING?
Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon in His Study, 1812
WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?
WHY WAS IT CREATED?
WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
WHAT IS ITS MEANING?
Jean Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, 1827
WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT? WHY WAS IT CREATED?
WHAT IS IT S SIGNIFICANCE? WHAT IS ITS MEANING?
Jacques-Louis David, Death of Marat, 1793
WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?
WHY WAS IT CREATED?
WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
WHAT IS ITS MEANING?
Neoclassical Sculpture
Thorvaidsen , Jason, 1803-1823
WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?
WHY WAS IT CREATED?
WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
WHAT IS ITS MEANING?
Neoclassical Sculpture
Antonio Canova
Perseus with the Head of Medusa, 1804-1806
WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?
WHY WAS IT CREATED?
WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
WHAT IS ITS MEANING?
Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Rotonde de la Vilette, Paris, 1787-88
Architecture
Neoclassical Architecture in America
ROMANTICISM ART
GLORIFICATION OF EMOTION: (1780–1850)
Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and
individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature,
preferring the medieval rather than the classical. It was partly a
reaction to the Industrial Revolution,the aristocratic social and
political norms of the Age of Enlightenment,
Rejection against the order and rationality of
Neoclassicism
Reaction against the Enlightenment, rationalism
Emphasized the individual, the subjective, the
irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the
spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the
transcendental.
Romanticism 1790-1850
Eugène Delacroix, Selim and Zuleika, 1857
Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1819
Romanticism
Emotional scenes filled with danger, conflict, heroic struggle,
adventure, political turmoil, and faraway, exotic places
Henry Fuselli, Lady Macbeth, 1794
Romanticism
Baroque Influence:
creating drama through
rich color, strong
diagonals, contrast in light
and dark, and loose
brushwork
Henry Fuselli, Nightmare (The Incubus), 1781
Romanticism
Romantic
artists
infused
their
canvases
with
something
new—a
shock
value that
engaged
emotions.
Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830
Romanticism
Political,
Patriotic,
Nationalist
“And if I
haven’t
fought for
my country
at least I’ll
paint for
her."
- Delacroix
Romantic
artists
showed
the awe
and
sublime
power of
nature
with
writhing
seas and
dramatic
skies.
Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Slave Ship, 1842
Romanticism
Joseph Mallord William Turner ,The Slave Ship (detail), 1842
Romanticism
Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1819
Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830
Joseph Mallord William Turner, Snowstorm: Steam Boat, 1842
Eugène Delacroix. The Lion Hunt. 1860/61.
REALISM
REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS OF REAL-LIFE PEOPLE: (1780–1850)
Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature
and art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic
subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the
Romantic movement. It sought to portray real and typical
contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy
REALISM
REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS OF REAL-LIFE PEOPLE: (1780–1850)
Realism
Muted, earthy colors
Ordinary genre scenes of people in their everyday lives
Portrayed people with honesty, not idealization; painted figures, objects, and landscapes as they really appeared
Uses light and shadow to depict three-dimensional form and weight
Deliberate rejection of Romanticism
Gustave Courbert, Stonebreakers, 1849
Gustave Courbert, Burial at Ornans, 1849-50
Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners, 1857
Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners
Edouard Manet , The Railway, 1873
Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners
Daumier, The Third - Class Carriage, 1864
Millet – Shepherdess with Her Flock
WHAT TO DO NOW?
ARTWORK AND IT’S CONTEXT IN HISTORY
YOU WILL BE RESEARCHING SIX ARTWORKS
TO FIND OUT WHAT THE CONTEXT IS ON EACH.
CONTEXT IS HOW IT RELATES TO THE TIME IT WAS
CREATED IN AND WHY. WHAT WAS THE CAUSE FOR CREATING IT?