romanticism by steven liu and alex rosen. romanticism late 1700s – early 1800s previous movement:...
TRANSCRIPT
Romanticism
By Steven Liu and Alex Rosen
Romanticism Late 1700s – Early 1800s Previous movement: Baroque, Rococo,
Neoclassicism Coinciding movement: Neoclassicism,
Realism Following movement: Impressionism Jean-Jacques Rousseau considered founder
of movement
Influences Medieval stories Africa, Orient Rubens, Rembrandt French philosopher Jean-Jacques
Rousseau’s descriptions of natural beauty (1700)
British philosopher Edmund Burke’s views on human attraction to sublime (1757)
Characteristics More focus on individualism and emotionalism
than conventionalism and intellectualism Mysterious,unexplained, and possibly dangerous
phenomena of the mind Emphasis on rich color, energetic brushstrokes,
emotion, content, passion Paintings show nostalgia for past and idealistic
participation in current events Return to an untamed nature
Characteristics (cont.) Insanity Medieval chivalry Tragedy Bold Exotic Melodrama Melancholy Images of war, solitary figures
Watercolor Made by mixing powdered pigments with water
and a binder and drying agent (such as gum arabic)
Commonly used paper as a ground Can be overlaid with another color to produce a
wash effect Gouache- watercolor paint that becomes opaque
when dried Popular among Constable, Turner, American
landscape artists
Aquatint Combines principles of engraving and
wash drawing Rosin- a form of powdered resin that
protects against the effects of an acid bath Artist covers spaces between etched lines
with rosin to control the acid’s effect Expands the range of grainy tones in prints
Historical Events 1737- French authorities begin sponsoring
annual art exhibitions called the Salon May 3, 1808- Napoleon’s army rounds up
and executes residents of Madrid in retaliation to rebels
1816- French frigate Medusa sinks off coast of Africa. Passengers survive for 13 days on “floating hell of death”
Historical Events (cont.) 1800s- Industrial Revolution; use of cast
iron in architecture 1822-24- Greek war for independence from
Turkey. Turks massacre Greek at Chios July 1830- Paris insurrection; uprising
against Bourbon king Charles X 1836- Transcendentalism
Edward Hicks
The Peaceable Kingdom
1834 National
Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
Oil on canvas 29 3/8 in. x 35
½ in.
Edward Hicks (1780-1849) Expanded Romanticism to include folk art Embodied the romantic idea of returning
nature Folk artists are not academically trained Characteristics include flat, unnatural
proportions, spontaneous appearance, lack of Classical tradition
John ConstableSailsbury
Cathedral from the Bishops Garden
1820 Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York
Oil on canvas 2 ft 10 5/8 in.
x 3 ft 8 in.
John Constable
The Hay Wain
1821 National
Gallery, London
Oil on canvas
50 ¾ in. x 72 ¾ in.
John Constable (1776-1837) One of the greatest English Romantic
landscape painters Among the first painters to paint outdoors First to paint clarity, depth, shadow of
water
John Nash Royal Pavilion 1815-1818 Brighton, England
John Nash (1752-1835) Revived historical styles in Romantic
architecture Incorporated Far East Went bankrupt in 1793 Later became a member of the prince
regeant’s circle Made fortune in real estate
Théodore Géricault
The Raft of the Medusa
1819 Louvre,
Paris Oil on
canvas 16 ft x 23
ft
Théodore Géricault (1791-1824) Developed Romanticism in France Committed to social justice and psychology Portrayed individual against social injustice
and struggle of humanity against the elements
Studied the insane between 1822-23 Died at age of 33
Eugène Delacroix
Massacre at Chios
1822-24 Louvre,
Paris Oil on
canvas 13 ft 10 in.
x 11 ft 7 in.
Eugène Delacroix
Liberty Leading the People
1830 Louvre,
Paris Oil on
canvas 8 ft 6 in.
x 10 ft 7 in.
Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863)
Most prominent French Romantic painter Stood for color over line Artwork uses broad sweeps of color, lively
patterns, energetic figural groups Shared Lord Byron’s nostalgia for ancient
Greece
Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
The Executions of the Third of May, 1808
1814 Prado,
Madrid Oil on
canvas 8 ft 9 in. x
11 ft 4 in.
Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828) Brought Romanticism to Spain Appointed painter of King Charles IV of
Spain Championed Enlightenment views of
individual freedom against political oppression