1846 1846 Dred Scott Dred Scott v. Sanford Scott, a slave, argued that

since he and his wife had once lived in free states, they should be free

The Supreme Court declared that The Supreme Court declared that slaves were not citizens and could not slaves were not citizens and could not sue in court sue in court ( (NOT NOT citizenscitizens) )

The Supreme Court also ruled that The Supreme Court also ruled that slaves were property and Congress slaves were property and Congress could not deprive a man of his property without due could not deprive a man of his property without due processprocess

Infuriated Northerners Infuriated Northerners * Most Supreme Court Judges * Most Supreme Court Judges were Southerners were Southerners

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

“A House divided against itself, cannot stand”.

“A House divided against itself, cannot stand”.

DouglasDouglas

Each new state should decide the Each new state should decide the slavery question for itself. (Popular slavery question for itself. (Popular Sovereignty)Sovereignty)

LincolnLincoln

““The framers of the Constitution The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to end.” END intended slavery to end.” END SLAVERYSLAVERY

The problem is that slavery is The problem is that slavery is WRONG!WRONG!

Stephen

Douglas and the

Freeport Freeport DoctrineDoctrine

Stephen

Douglas and the

Freeport Freeport DoctrineDoctrinePopular

Sovereignty?Popular

Sovereignty?

Douglas (Democrat) Douglas (Democrat) Lincoln (Republican) Lincoln (Republican)

Slavery becomes the Slavery becomes the MAIN issue of the Debate MAIN issue of the Debate National Newspapers Carry National Newspapers Carry the Story the Story

Freeport DoctrineFreeport Doctrine Freeport Illinois DebateFreeport Illinois Debate Lincoln makes Douglas “put foot in Lincoln makes Douglas “put foot in

mouth” mouth” Democrats Democrats SPLITSPLIT over the Doctrine over the Doctrine

Northern DemocratsNorthern Democrats Southern Democrats Southern Democrats

Senate WinnerSenate Winner

Stephen Douglas was re-elected to Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate.the Senate.

But….now everyone knew who But….now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!!Abraham Lincoln was!!!

Douglas Wins!

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry

John BrownJohn Brown ( (Kansas Red-LegKansas Red-Leg) ) Oct. 16, 1859 Oct. 16, 1859 attacks Federal attacks Federal Arsenal at Harpers Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Ferry, Virginia

Country becomes more dividedCountry becomes more divided Trial for TREASONTrial for TREASON

(National News) (National News) Dec. 2, 1859 for HANGINGDec. 2, 1859 for HANGING

North – seen as a North – seen as a HEROHERO South – seen as example of South – seen as example of FANATICFANATIC

““the sins of this country will only the sins of this country will only be washed away with rivers of be washed away with rivers of

blood…”blood…”

18601860PresidentiaPresidentia

llElectionElection

18601860PresidentiaPresidentia

llElectionElection

√ Abraham LincolnRepublican

√ Abraham LincolnRepublican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern DemocratStephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860

NO-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

Protective tariff [for the Northern Industrialists].

No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers – in West].

NO-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

Protective tariff [for the Northern Industrialists].

No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers – in West].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Continue:Continue:CAUSESCAUSES Leading to War Leading to War NOTESNOTESadding to Thursday Notes

1860 Presidential Election1860 Presidential Election 4 candidates4 candidates S. Democrats (v-p S. Democrats (v-p Breckinridge) N. Democrats Breckinridge) N. Democrats ((DouglasDouglas -popular sov.) Constitutional -popular sov.) Constitutional Union Party (old Whig, & Union Party (old Whig, & American Parties) American Parties) RepublicanRepublican ((Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln))

Lincoln - Lincoln - 40%40% popular / 59% electoral popular / 59% electoral 6 weeks - SC6 weeks - SC secedessecedes from Union 6 others from Union 6 others Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,

Louisiana, Texas ( Louisiana, Texas (DEEP SOUTHDEEP SOUTH)) Feb. 1861 “Feb. 1861 “Confederacy FormedConfederacy Formed””

Nation Divides forNation Divides for WARWAR

Secession!: SCSecession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860 Dec. 20, 1860Secession!: SCSecession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860 Dec. 20, 1860

The Confederate States of The Confederate States of AmericaAmerica

(Articles of Confederation)(Articles of Confederation) South CarolinaSouth Carolina MississippiMississippi FFloridalorida LLouisianaouisiana AAlabamalabama GGeorgiaeorgia TexasTexas

Confederacy CreatedConfederacy Created Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis (MS) (MS)

Montgomery, AL - CapitalMontgomery, AL - Capital Confederate soldiers Confederate soldiers

occupy U.S Government occupy U.S Government offices & U.S. offices & U.S. Forts in the SouthForts in the South

What Happens NowWhat Happens Now? ? -Lincoln ‘new’ -Lincoln ‘new’ PresPres

Fort SumterFort Sumter (P.G.T. Beauregard) (P.G.T. Beauregard)

Fort Sumter: April 12, Fort Sumter: April 12, 18611861

Fort Sumter: April 12, Fort Sumter: April 12, 18611861

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Some advised Lincoln to Some advised Lincoln to “ “Let the states goLet the states go””

Others said, Others said, “ “Give in on the slavery Give in on the slavery questionquestion.”.”

Still others said, “Still others said, “Use the ARMY to Use the ARMY to end their revoltend their revolt!”!”

Lincoln’s ChoicesLincoln’s Choices

He wanted to prevent war.He wanted to prevent war. ““We are not enemies, but friends.”We are not enemies, but friends.”

THE VERY NEXT DAYTHE VERY NEXT DAY

An important message came from An important message came from Major Robert Anderson Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter:commander at Fort Sumter:

Urgent!Urgent!

Message from Commander AndersonMessage from Commander Anderson

Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

What should What should President DO?President DO?

If I send supplies… If I send supplies… Southerners Southerners might attackmight attack..

If I send troops…. If I send troops…. Southerners Southerners WILL attackWILL attack..

If I do nothing…the commander If I do nothing…the commander WILL have to surrenderWILL have to surrender..

DecisionDecision

Lincoln decided Lincoln decided to send supply ships to send supply ships

And see what the Southerners would And see what the Southerners would dodo

Confederate President DavisConfederate President Davis Davis decided to take over the fort Davis decided to take over the fort

BEFORE the supply ships arrived. BEFORE the supply ships arrived. Demanded them to surrender.Demanded them to surrender. Commander Says – Commander Says – NEVER NEVER

SURRENDERSURRENDER!! The Confederate troops FIRED on the The Confederate troops FIRED on the

fort, Major Anderson and his men fort, Major Anderson and his men eventually ran out of ammunition and eventually ran out of ammunition and had to give up.had to give up.

The Civil War has The Civil War has Begun!Begun!

Lincoln called for Americans to join the army Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to to stop the rebellionstop the rebellion..

Other frightened southern states not in the Other frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with other 7 states.Confederacy now joined with other 7 states.

ArkansasArkansas - - TennesseeTennessee - - North CarolinaNorth Carolina and Virginia Virginia (move capital to RICHMOND)

1111 States Strong States Strong NOT ALL Slaves will join NOT ALL Slaves will join

The Confederacy The Confederacy

Nation Divides forNation Divides for WARWAR

Map Part of Unit TestMap Part of Unit Test

SCSC

TX MS AL TX MS AL GAGA

LA LA FL FL

AR, TN, NC, VAAR, TN, NC, VA

MO, KY, MD, MO, KY, MD, DEDE

TX, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC

1846 Wilmot ProvisoCompromise of 1850

1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act

1856 Bleeding Kansas1856 Caning of Sumner

1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford1858 Lincoln – Douglas

1859 Attack at Harper’s FerryElection of 18601861 Confederacy Formed Fort Sumter Attack *CIVIL WAR BEGINS*

1819 Missouri CompromiseWestward Expansion

Fugitive Slave ActPersonal Liberty Laws

Underground Railroad