18.2 - electric current, resistance, and voltage · electricity when we observe how electricity...
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18.2 - Electric Current, Resistance, and Voltage
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Electricity
When we observe how electricity behaves, we can use water flowing thru a garden hose as an analogy.
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Electricity
There are three variables which control how an electric circuit behaves:
1. Current 2. Resistance 3. Voltage
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Electric Current
Electric Current Electric Current is the continuous flow of electric charge.
There are two types of current:
1. Direct Current (DC) 2. Alternating Current (AC)
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Electric Current
Direct Current (DC) Electric charge that flows in one direction
Example Battery in a Flashlight
Alternating Current (AC) A flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction
Example Electricity within a home or school
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Electric Current
Garden Hose Analogy How does current relate to the garden hose?
Electrical current flow thru a wire is similar to the flow of water thru the hose.
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Conductors • Materials where charges can easily flow.
• Conductors have atoms that do NOT tightly hold electrons.
• These electrons can easily be drawn away to carry current.
Examples Metals such as copper, silver, aluminum
Conductors
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Insulators • Materials that charge cannot easily flow
• Insulator atoms do not have freely moving electrons
• Does not allow electric charge to be transferred.
Examples: Wood and rubber are good insulators.
Insulators
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Resistance • The opposition to the flow of charges in a material.
• A material’s thickness, length, and temperature affect its resistance
• As temperature increases, resistance decreases. Increased temperature frees up and spreads out electrons that current flows through
Resistance
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Resistance Garden Hose Analogy How does resistance relate to the garden hose?
Electrical resistance opposes the flow of charges in a wire and the hose can restrict the flow of water thru bending of the hose or a kink in the hose.
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Voltage In order for charge to flow in a conducing wire, the wire must be connected to a source of electrical energy.
Example 1. Battery 2. Generator
Voltage
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Voltage Garden Hose Analogy How does voltage relate to the garden hose?
Electrical voltage provides the energy to create the flow of electrons (Current) thru the water, and a Pump provides the energy to create the flow of water thru the hose.
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Voltage
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Current Flow In order for charge to flow in a conducing wire, the wire must be connected in a complete loop
Current Flow
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18.2 Assessment
Question #1 List the two types of electric current?
1. Direct Current (DC) 2. Alternating Current (AC)
Question #2 Name two good electrical conductors and two good electrical insulators
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18.2 Assessment
Question #3 What are the three variables that affect resistance?
1. Thickness 2. Length 3. Temperature
Question #4 What causes charge to flow?
A source of electrical energy causes charge to flow
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18.2 Assessment
Question #5 What is required to have continuous flow of charge in a circuit?
Closed Loop Path
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n1pSHzdahc
Brainiac – Electric Fence